Battery fire monitoring method and apparatus
The battery fire monitoring method and device address the risk of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries by adaptively controlling current and temperature levels, disconnecting the battery from the load at critical points to prevent fires while maintaining energy supply.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Lithium-ion battery cells are prone to dendrite formation and separator damage due to external temperature and environment, leading to internal short circuits and potential thermal runaway and fire, with existing methods primarily relying on temperature-based disconnection from the load to prevent fires.
A battery fire monitoring method and device that monitors temperature and current levels, adaptively adjusts monitoring intervals and current reduction based on expected temperature increases, and disconnects the battery from the load at predetermined conditions to prevent fires while maximizing energy supply.
Effectively prevents battery fires by monitoring temperature and current levels, allowing for maximum energy delivery while reducing the risk of thermal runaway through adaptive control strategies.
Smart Images
Figure KR2025009642_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Battery fire monitoring method and device
[0001] This description relates to a battery fire monitoring method and device.
[0002] A lithium-ion battery cell comprises an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, a case housing the electrode assembly, and electrode terminals electrically connected to the electrode assembly. Charging and discharging of the battery cell are performed by injecting an electrolyte into the battery cell case and carrying out an electrochemical reaction between the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution.
[0003] When lithium-ion battery cells undergo repeated charging and discharging, dendrites may form, and the separator inside the cell may be damaged by external temperature and environment. This can cause an internal short circuit, leading to thermal runaway and potentially a fire.
[0004] The battery management system detects the temperature of the battery module through a temperature sensor and disconnects the connection between the battery and the load if the module's temperature rises above a certain level. In other words, the primary method used to prevent fire is to disconnect the battery from the load in response to the temperature increase of the battery module.
[0005] At least one of the embodiments provides a battery fire monitoring method and device capable of preventing fire while providing maximum energy to the battery module.
[0006] According to one embodiment, a battery fire monitoring method may be provided. The battery fire monitoring method comprises the steps of receiving the temperature of a battery module; obtaining the current amount of the battery module when the temperature of the battery module reaches a temperature set value; determining the order of a monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module; setting a monitoring condition at each order of monitoring level; and disconnecting the connection between the battery module and the load when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition set corresponding to each order of monitoring level at all order of monitoring levels.
[0007] The step of setting the above monitoring conditions may include determining the current amount of the battery module at each monitoring level of the above order, and setting the temperature change amount over time as the monitoring condition based on the expected temperature increase amount of the battery module corresponding to the current amount of the battery module at each monitoring level of the above order.
[0008] The step of setting the amount of temperature change over time according to the above monitoring conditions may include the step of setting a temperature monitoring interval for each monitoring level of the above order, and the step of setting the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval and the amount of temperature increase of the battery module at each monitoring level of the above order.
[0009] The above time can be set shorter as the temperature increase of the battery module increases.
[0010] The step of setting the time may include setting the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the corresponding temperature monitoring interval, the amount of temperature increase of the battery module, and the order of the monitoring level.
[0011] The step of setting the temperature monitoring interval may include the step of setting the temperature monitoring interval of each monitoring level based on the order of the monitoring level.
[0012] The step of determining the current amount of the battery module may include the step of determining the reduction in the current amount of the battery module based on the time when the temperature of the battery module at the previous monitoring level reached the monitoring condition of the previous monitoring level.
[0013] The above blocking step may include a step of performing a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module starting from the lowest level of monitoring, and a step of performing a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module for the next level of monitoring when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition of the corresponding monitoring level.
[0014] According to another embodiment, a battery fire monitoring device may be provided. The battery fire monitoring device includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of a battery module, a current sensor for measuring the current amount of the battery module, and a control unit that, when the temperature of the battery module reaches a temperature setpoint, determines the order of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module, sets a monitoring condition based on the current amount of the battery module at each monitoring level of the order, and disconnects the connection between the battery module and the load when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition set at the corresponding monitoring level at all monitoring levels of the order.
[0015] The control unit controls the current amount of the battery module at each level of the monitoring process, and can set the amount of temperature change over time as a monitoring condition based on the expected increase in temperature of the battery module corresponding to the controlled current amount at each level of the monitoring process.
[0016] The control unit can determine the reduction in current of the battery module based on the time when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition set at the monitoring level of the previous stage, at each monitoring level of the above stage.
[0017] The control unit can set a temperature monitoring interval for each monitoring level of the above order, and at each monitoring level of the above order, set the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval and the amount of temperature increase of the battery module.
[0018] The control unit can set the temperature monitoring interval of each level of the monitoring level based on the level of the monitoring level.
[0019] The control unit can set a temperature monitoring interval for each monitoring level of the above order, and at each monitoring level of the above order, set the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval, the amount of temperature increase of the battery module, and the order of the monitoring level.
[0020] The control unit can set the time shorter as the temperature increase of the battery module increases, or as the order of the detection level increases.
[0021] The above control unit performs a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module starting from the lowest level of monitoring, and when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition of the corresponding monitoring level, it can perform a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module for the next level of monitoring.
[0022] According to at least one of the embodiments, by controlling the current amount of the battery module by the order of the monitoring level and monitoring the temperature of the battery module, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of fire while supplying the maximum energy of the battery module.
[0023] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a fire monitoring method according to an embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation method of the control unit in the fire monitoring mode according to an embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a battery fire monitoring device according to another embodiment.
[0027] Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of an energy storage system including a battery pack illustrated in Figure 1.
[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. However, the present invention may be embodied in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Furthermore, in order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts unrelated to the explanation have been omitted, and similar parts throughout the specification are given similar reference numerals. In the flowcharts described with reference to the drawings, the order of operations may be changed, various operations may be merged or certain operations may be divided, and specific operations may not be performed.
[0029] Throughout the specification and claims, when a part is described as "comprising" a certain component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components.
[0030] Additionally, expressions written in the singular form may be interpreted as singular or plural unless explicit expressions such as "one" or "singular" are used.
[0031] Additionally, terms including ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various components, but said components are not limited by said terms. Such terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may be named the first component.
[0032] Furthermore, when it is stated that one component is "connected" to another component, this includes not only cases where they are "directly or physically connected," but also cases where they are "indirectly or non-contactually connected" with another component in between, or where they are "electrically connected." On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component present in between.
[0033] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment.
[0034] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery pack (1) may include at least one battery module (10), a switch (20), and a battery management system (BMS) (30).
[0035] The battery pack (1) can be connected to an external charging device or load through terminals (T+, T-), can be charged by the charging device, and can be discharged by the load.
[0036] The battery module (10) may include a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other in series and / or parallel.
[0037] The switch (20) can control the current path during charging and discharging of the battery module (10). The closing and opening of the switch (20) can be controlled according to a switch control signal supplied from the BMS (30).
[0038] The BMS (30) can control and manage the overall operation of the battery pack (1). The BMS (30) can monitor the overall condition of the battery module (10) and the battery cells included in the battery module (10), and can perform various control functions to regulate the condition of the battery module (10) and the battery cells included in the battery module (10). As one example, the BMS (30) can monitor the voltage and current of the battery module (10), control the charging and discharging of the battery module (10), and perform cell balancing operations. In addition, the BMS (30) can monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) and, if necessary, control the temperature of the battery module (10) by means of cooling, ventilation, changing the charging speed, etc., and can disconnect the connection between the battery module (10) and the load through the switch (20) to prevent fire.
[0039] According to an embodiment, the BMS (30) may include a battery fire monitoring device (100) that performs a battery fire monitoring operation based on the temperature of the battery module (10) and the amount of current of the battery module (10). The battery fire monitoring device (100) may include at least one temperature sensor (110), at least one current sensor (120), a control unit (130), and a storage unit (140).
[0040] A temperature sensor (110) can measure the temperature of a battery module (10). In some embodiments, the temperature sensor (110) is attached to the battery module (10) and can measure the temperature of the battery module (10). In some embodiments, the temperature sensor (110) is located on the substrate of a BMS (30) mounted on a battery pack (1) and can measure the ambient temperature of the battery module (10).
[0041] The temperature sensor (110) can measure the temperature of the battery module (10) at a set period according to the control of the control unit (130) and output the measured temperature to the control unit (130).
[0042] The current sensor (120) can measure the amount of current of the battery module (10). In some embodiments, the amount of current of the battery module (10) may represent the amount of discharge current measured when the battery pack (1) is connected to a load and supplies power through discharge. In some embodiments, the current sensor (120) can measure the amount of current of the battery module (10) according to the measurement instructions of the control unit (130). In some embodiments, the current sensor (120) can periodically measure the amount of current of the battery module (10).
[0043] The current sensor (120) can output the measured amount of current of the battery module (10) to the control unit (130).
[0044] The control unit (130) can perform a battery fire monitoring operation based on the temperature of the battery module (10) measured by the temperature sensor (110) and the amount of current of the battery module (10) measured by the current sensor (120). The control unit (130) can store the temperature of the battery module (10) measured by the temperature sensor (110) and the amount of current of the battery module (10) measured by the current sensor (120) in the storage unit (140).
[0045] The control unit (130) can switch to a fire monitoring mode when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches a temperature set value. Additionally, in the fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can disable the fire monitoring mode when a condition set using the temperature of the battery module (10) is satisfied.
[0046] In fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can lower the current of the battery module (10) and perform temperature monitoring of the battery module (10) based on the expected increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the lowered current of the battery module (10), and if it is determined through temperature monitoring of the battery module (10) that there is a high risk of fire, the connection between the battery module (10) and the load can be cut off. For example, if it is determined that there is a high risk of fire, the control unit (130) can open the switch (20) between the battery module (10) and the load.
[0047] According to an embodiment, in a fire monitoring mode, when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches a temperature set value, the control unit (130) can determine the order of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module (10) and the maximum allowable temperature of the battery module (10). The control unit (130) can set the current amount of the battery module (10) and monitoring conditions at each monitoring level of the order, monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) at each monitoring level of the order, and when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the set monitoring conditions, it can move to the next monitoring level of the order.
[0048] The control unit (130) can adaptively determine the amount of current of the battery module (10) at each level of monitoring.
[0049] The control unit (130) can determine that there is a high risk of fire when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches a set monitoring condition at all levels of monitoring, and can open the switch (20) between the battery module (10) and the load.
[0050] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a fire monitoring method according to an embodiment.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 2, the control unit (130) can receive the temperature of the battery module (10) measured through the temperature sensor (110) (S210).
[0052] The control unit (130) can check whether the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the temperature set value (Tem1).
[0053] The control unit (130) can be set to fire monitoring mode (S230) if the temperature of the battery module (10) is above the temperature setting value (Tem1) (S220).
[0054] The control unit (130) can perform the operation of the fire monitoring mode (S240).
[0055] In fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can determine the level of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module (10). In some embodiments, the level of the monitoring level can be determined based on the current amount of the battery module (10) and the maximum allowable temperature of the battery module (10).
[0056] The control unit (130) can sequentially perform temperature monitoring operations of the battery module (10) from the first monitoring level to the monitoring level of the determined order.
[0057] For example, assume that the order of the monitoring level is determined to be N. N can be a positive integer.
[0058] The control unit (130) can sequentially monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) from the first monitoring level to the Nth monitoring level.
[0059] The control unit (130) can set the temperature monitoring interval of the battery module (10) at each level of the monitoring level based on the level of the determined monitoring level and the maximum allowable temperature of the battery module (10).
[0060] The control unit (130) can set monitoring conditions based on the temperature monitoring period of the battery module (10) and the current amount of the battery module (10) at the first monitoring level. The monitoring conditions may include the amount of temperature change of the battery module (10) during the set time.
[0061] The control unit (130) can predict the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the current amount of the battery module (10), and set the monitoring conditions of the first monitoring level based on the predicted increase in temperature of the battery module (10) and the change in temperature according to the temperature monitoring section of the first monitoring level.
[0062] The control unit (130) can move to a second monitoring level when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches a set monitoring condition at the first monitoring level.
[0063] The control unit (130) can determine the current amount of the battery module (10) at the second monitoring level. In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can determine the reduction amount of the current amount based on the time when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring condition of the first monitoring level. The control unit (130) can predict the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the determined current amount of the battery module (10), set the monitoring condition of the second monitoring level based on the temperature change amount according to the temperature monitoring section of the second monitoring level and the predicted increase in temperature of the battery module (10), and monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) at the second monitoring level. When the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the set monitoring condition at the second monitoring level, the control unit (130) can move to the third monitoring level.
[0064] The control unit (130) can determine the current amount of the battery module (10) at the third monitoring level. In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can determine the reduction amount of the current amount based on the time when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring condition of the second monitoring level. The control unit (130) can predict the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the determined current amount of the battery module (10), set the monitoring condition of the third monitoring level based on the temperature change amount according to the temperature monitoring section of the third monitoring level and the predicted increase in temperature of the battery module (10), and monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) at the third monitoring level. When the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the set monitoring condition at the third monitoring level, the control unit (130) can move to the fourth monitoring level.
[0065] In this way, when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring condition of the Nth monitoring level, the control unit (130) can determine that there is a high risk of fire and can disconnect the connection between the battery module (10) and the load.
[0066] In this way, in the fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can monitor whether a fire has occurred while providing maximum power to the load by gradually lowering the current amount of the battery module (10) at each level of monitoring and adaptively setting monitoring conditions based on the current amount of the battery module (10) lowered at each level of monitoring.
[0067] Meanwhile, the control unit (130) can disable the fire monitoring mode (S260) if the temperature of the battery module (10) becomes lower than the temperature set value (Tem1) while the fire monitoring mode is being operated (S250).
[0068] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation method of the control unit in a fire monitoring mode according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating step (S240) of FIG. 2 in more detail.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, when set to fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can check the current amount of the battery module (10) (S302). The control unit (130) can obtain the current amount of the battery module (10) from the current sensor (120).
[0070] The control unit (130) can determine the order N of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module (10) (S304). The control unit (130) can determine the order N of the monitoring level in proportion to the current amount of the battery module (10). That is, if the current amount of the battery module (10) is large and the range of current amount that can be reduced is large, the order of the monitoring level can be set high. On the other hand, if the current amount of the battery module (10) is small and the range of current amount that can be reduced is relatively small, the order of the monitoring level can be set low. For example, if the current amount of the battery module (10) is 100A, the order of the monitoring level can be set higher than the order of the monitoring level if the current amount of the battery module (10) is 60A. For example, if the current amount of the battery module (10) is 100A, the level of the monitoring level is set to 5, and if the current amount of the battery module (10) is 60A, the level of the monitoring level can be set to 3.
[0071] After the control unit (130) determines the order N of the monitoring level, it can set temperature monitoring intervals for each of the first to Nth monitoring levels based on the order N of the monitoring level and the maximum allowable temperature of the battery module (10) (S306). For example, if the order N of the monitoring level is determined to be 5 and the maximum allowable temperature of the battery module (10) is 70 degrees, the temperature range between the temperature setting value of 40 degrees and 70 degrees can be divided into 5 temperature monitoring intervals, and the 5 temperature monitoring intervals can be set to the first to fifth monitoring levels in order of decreasing temperature. The temperature range between 40 degrees and 70 degrees can be divided evenly, or the length of the temperature intervals can be divided differently according to the risk of fire, such as setting the temperature range with a high risk of fire to be short and the temperature range with a low risk of fire to be long. For example, the temperature monitoring range of the first monitoring level can be set from 40 to 50 degrees, the temperature monitoring range of the second monitoring level can be set from 50 to 58 degrees, the temperature monitoring range of the third monitoring level can be set from 58 to 63 degrees, the temperature monitoring range of the fourth monitoring level can be set from 63 to 67 degrees, and the temperature monitoring range of the fifth monitoring level can be set from 67 to 70 degrees.
[0072] In this way, when the temperature monitoring interval of each monitoring level is set, the control unit (130) sets i to 1 (S308), enters the i-th monitoring level, and can perform the temperature monitoring operation of the i-th monitoring level.
[0073] Regarding the temperature monitoring operation of the i-th monitoring level, the control unit (130) can determine the current amount of the battery module (10) at the i-th monitoring level (S310). In the case of the first monitoring level, the control unit (130) can determine to maintain the current amount of the battery module (10). In contrast, the control unit (130) can determine the reduction amount of the current amount of the battery module (10) at a monitoring level other than the first, and can determine the current amount of the battery module (10) as a value reduced by the reduction amount from the current amount of the battery module (10).
[0074] Next, the control unit (130) can set a monitoring condition for the i-th monitoring level (S312). The control unit (130) can set a monitoring condition based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval of the i-th monitoring level and the current amount of the battery module (10) (S310). The monitoring condition may include the amount of temperature change ΔTem of the battery module (10) during a set time ΔT. The control unit (130) can set at least one of the time ΔT and the amount of temperature change ΔTem.
[0075] In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can determine time ΔT based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval of the i-th monitoring level and the current amount of the battery module (10). The amount of temperature change ΔTem of the i-th monitoring level can be determined through the temperature monitoring interval of the i-th monitoring level. For example, if the temperature monitoring interval of the first monitoring level is set from 40 degrees to 50 degrees, the amount of temperature change ΔTem of the battery module (10) can be set to 10 degrees, which is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees. Accordingly, the control unit (130) can set the monitoring conditions of the i-th monitoring level by determining time ΔT based on the amount of temperature change ΔTem set in the i-th monitoring level and the current amount of the battery module (10). The control unit (130) can predict the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the current amount of the battery module (10), and determine time ΔT based on the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the current amount of the battery module (10) and the temperature change amount ΔTem set at the first monitoring level. In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can determine time ΔT to be inversely proportional to the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) according to the current amount of the battery module (10). For example, time ΔT when the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) is small can be set longer than time ΔT when the increase in temperature of the battery module (10) is large.
[0076] In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can determine the time ΔT and the temperature change amount ΔTem, respectively, to set the monitoring conditions based on the temperature change amount according to the temperature monitoring interval of the i-th monitoring level and the current amount of the battery module (10).
[0077] In some embodiments, the control unit (130) can set the time ΔT to be shorter as the order of the monitoring level increases. As the order of the monitoring level increases, the monitoring temperature range increases. A higher monitoring temperature range indicates a higher risk of fire. Therefore, when the monitoring level is at a high risk of fire, the time ΔT is set to be shorter so that the risk of fire can be quickly monitored while monitoring the temperature change of the battery module (10) for a short period of time.
[0078] The control unit (130) can control the battery module (10) with a current amount determined at the i-th monitoring level (S314).
[0079] The control unit (130) can monitor the temperature of the battery module (10) based on the monitoring conditions of the i-th monitoring level (S316).
[0080] The control unit (130) can move to the next level of monitoring when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring condition of the i-th level of monitoring at the i-th level of monitoring (S318). That is, when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring condition of the i-th level of monitoring at the i-th level of monitoring, the control unit (130) sets i to (i+1) (S320) and checks whether i is (N+1) (S322).
[0081] The control unit (130) can repeat steps (S310~S320) if i is not (N+1).
[0082] Meanwhile, the control unit (130) determines that there is a high risk of fire when i is (N+1), that is, when the temperature of the battery module (10) reaches the monitoring conditions of each of the monitoring levels from the first to the Nth monitoring level, and can disconnect the connection between the battery module (10) and the load (S324).
[0083] In this way, in fire monitoring mode, the control unit (130) can suppress the occurrence of fire by reducing the current of the battery module (10) until a determined level of monitoring is reached, and can provide the maximum amount of energy of the battery module (10) to the load.
[0084] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a battery fire monitoring device according to another embodiment.
[0085] Referring to FIG. 4, the battery fire monitoring device (400) may represent a computing device in which the battery fire monitoring method described above is implemented.
[0086] The battery fire monitoring device (400) may include at least one of a processor (410), memory (420), input interface device (430), output interface device (440), and storage device (450). Each component may be connected by a bus (460) to communicate with each other. Additionally, each component may be connected via individual interfaces or individual buses centered around the processor (410), rather than via a common bus (460).
[0087] The processor (410) can be implemented in various types such as an AP (Application Processor), a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit), etc., and can be any semiconductor device that executes instructions stored in memory (420) or a storage device (450). The processor (410) can perform the battery fire monitoring operation described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 by executing program commands stored in at least one of memory (420) and storage device (450) to implement the functions of the control unit (130) described in FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0088] The memory (420) and storage device (450) may include various forms of volatile or non-volatile storage media. For example, the memory (420) may include ROM (read-only memory) (421) and RAM (random access memory) (422). In an embodiment, the memory (420) may be located inside or outside the processor (410), and the memory (420) may be connected to the processor (410) through various known means.
[0089] The input interface device (430) may be configured to provide data to the processor (410). In some embodiments, the input interface device (430) may provide the temperature of the battery module (10) to the processor (410).
[0090] The output interface device (440) may be configured to output data from the processor (410). In some embodiments, the output interface device (440) may output fire monitoring results of the battery module (10).
[0091] Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of an energy storage system including a battery pack illustrated in Figure 1.
[0092] Referring to FIG. 5, the energy storage system (500) may include a battery system (510), a power conversion system (PCS) (520), a switching unit (530), and an energy management system (EMS) (540).
[0093] The battery system (510) can be charged by receiving power from a grid or power generation system and can be discharged to supply power to a load or grid.
[0094] The battery system (510) may include at least one battery pack (512) and a system BMS (System BMS, SBMS) (514). In FIG. 5, two battery packs (512) are shown for convenience.
[0095] The battery pack (512) may be the battery pack (1) shown in FIG. 1. Here, depending on the device or system in which the battery system (510) is used, the battery pack (512) may be referred to as a battery rack.
[0096] The battery pack (512) can measure or collect status information such as current, voltage, temperature, SOC (Status Of Charge), SOH (Status Of Health), DOD (Depth Of Discharge), maximum power, and capacity of the battery pack (512) and / or battery cells, and can transmit the status information of the battery pack (512) to the SBMS (514). In addition, the battery pack (512) can control the charging and discharging of the battery pack (512) and perform balancing operations according to the control of the SBMS (514).
[0097] The SBMS (514) can perform various control functions, such as charging and discharging control and balancing of the battery pack (512), based on the status information of the battery pack (512), and can transmit a control signal to the BMS of the battery pack (512) to control the battery pack (512).
[0098] The PCS (520) can be connected to the battery system (510). Additionally, the PCS (520) can be connected to the grid, the power generation system, and the load. The PCS (520) can convert power characteristics between the battery system (510) and the power generation system, or between the battery system (510) and the grid. Power characteristics may include frequency, voltage, current, alternating current, direct current, etc. As one example, the PCS (520) can convert alternating current power supplied from the grid into direct current power and supply the converted direct current power to the battery system (510). As another example, the PCS (520) can convert direct current power supplied from the battery system (510) into alternating current power and supply the converted alternating current power to the load.
[0099] The switching unit (530) may be connected between the battery system (510) and the PCS (520). The switching unit (530) may include a switch (532) connected between the terminal (T+) of the battery pack (512) and the PCS (520), and a switch (534) connected between the terminal (T-) of the battery pack (512) and the PCS (520). The switching unit (530) may control the switch (532) and the switch (534).
[0100] The EMS (540) can monitor the status of the battery system (510). The EMS (540) can monitor the status of the grid, the power generation system, and the PCS (520). The EMS (540) can monitor the amount of power stored in the energy storage system (500). Based on the amount of power generated by the grid or the power generation system and the amount of power stored in the energy storage system (500), the EMS (540) can determine the total charging power and total discharging power of the energy storage system (500) and determine the operating mode of the energy storage system (500). The operating mode may include, for example, a charging mode, a discharging mode, and an idle mode. As one example, the EMS (540) can determine whether the battery system (510) is charged and / or discharged through the difference between the amount of power delivered from the battery system (510) to the load and the amount of power generated by the grid or the power generation system, and can determine the operating mode based on whether it is charged and / or discharged.
[0101] The EMS (540) can manage data such as the total charging power, total discharging power, and operation history of the energy storage system (500). The EMS (540) is responsible for the overall operation of the energy storage system (500) and may be an operating system for controlling the energy storage system (500).
[0102] According to an embodiment, the energy storage system (500) can utilize a BMS inside the battery pack (512) to supply the maximum amount of energy to the battery pack (512) and monitor for the occurrence of fire through current control and temperature detection operations of the battery pack (512).
[0103] At least some of the battery fire monitoring methods according to the embodiments may be implemented as a program or software executed on a computing device, and the program or software may be stored on a computer-readable medium.
[0104] In addition, at least some of the battery fire monitoring methods may be implemented as hardware that can be electrically connected to a computing device.
[0105] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements by those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention as defined in the following claims also fall within the scope of the present invention.
[0106] 1: Battery pack
[0107] 10: Battery module
[0108] 20: Switch
[0109] 30: BMS
[0110] 110: Temperature sensor
[0111] 120: Current sensor
[0112] 130: Control unit
[0113] 140: Storage section
[0114] 500: Energy Storage System
[0115] 510: Battery System
[0116] 520: PCS
[0117] 530: Switching section
[0118] 540: EMS
Claims
1. A step of receiving the temperature of the battery module, When the temperature of the battery module reaches a temperature set value, a step of obtaining the current amount of the battery module, A step of determining the order of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module above, The step of setting monitoring conditions at each level of monitoring, and A step of disconnecting the connection between the battery module and the load when the temperature of the battery module at all levels of monitoring reaches a monitoring condition set corresponding to each level of monitoring. A battery fire monitoring method including 2. In Paragraph 1, The step of setting the above monitoring conditions is A step of determining the current amount of the battery module at each of the above-mentioned monitoring levels, and A step comprising setting a temperature change amount over time as a monitoring condition based on the expected temperature increase amount of the battery module corresponding to the current amount of the battery module at each of the above monitoring levels, Battery fire monitoring method.
3. In Paragraph 2, The step of setting the amount of temperature change over time using the above monitoring conditions is The step of setting a temperature monitoring interval for each of the above-mentioned monitoring levels, and A step comprising setting the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the corresponding temperature monitoring interval and the amount of temperature increase of the battery module at each of the above-mentioned monitoring levels, Battery fire monitoring method.
4. In Paragraph 3, The above time is set shorter as the temperature increase of the battery module increases, Battery fire monitoring method.
5. In Paragraph 3, The step of setting the above time A battery fire monitoring method comprising the step of setting the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring section, the amount of temperature increase of the battery module, and the order of the monitoring level.
6. In Paragraph 3, The step of setting the above temperature monitoring interval is A step comprising setting the temperature monitoring interval of each monitoring level of the above level based on the above monitoring level order, Battery fire monitoring method.
7. In Paragraph 2, The step of determining the current amount of the battery module above A step comprising determining a reduction in the current amount of the battery module based on the time when the temperature of the battery module at the previous monitoring level reached the monitoring condition of the previous monitoring level. Battery fire monitoring method.
8. In Paragraph 1, The above blocking step A step of performing a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module starting from the lowest order monitoring level, and The method includes the step of performing a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module for the next level of monitoring when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition of the corresponding monitoring level. Battery fire monitoring method.
9. Temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery module, A current sensor for measuring the current amount of the above battery module, and A control unit that, when the temperature of the battery module reaches a temperature setpoint, determines the order of the monitoring level based on the current amount of the battery module, sets monitoring conditions based on the current amount of the battery module at each monitoring level of the order, and disconnects the connection between the battery module and the load when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition set at the corresponding monitoring level at all monitoring levels of the order. A battery fire monitoring device including 10. In Paragraph 9, The control unit controls the current amount of the battery module at each monitoring level of the order, and sets the temperature change amount over time as a monitoring condition based on the expected temperature increase amount of the battery module corresponding to the controlled current amount at each monitoring level of the order. Battery fire monitoring device.
11. In Paragraph 10, The control unit determines the reduction in current of the battery module based on the time when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition set at the monitoring level of the previous order at each monitoring level. Battery fire monitoring device.
12. In Paragraph 10, The control unit sets a temperature monitoring interval for each monitoring level of the order, and at each monitoring level of the order, sets the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval and the amount of temperature increase of the battery module. Battery fire monitoring device.
13. In Paragraph 12, The control unit sets the temperature monitoring interval of each monitoring level based on the order of the monitoring level. Battery fire monitoring device.
14. In Paragraph 10, The control unit sets a temperature monitoring interval for each monitoring level of the order, and at each monitoring level of the order, sets the time based on the amount of temperature change according to the temperature monitoring interval, the amount of temperature increase of the battery module, and the order of the monitoring level. Battery fire monitoring device.
15. In Paragraph 10, The control unit sets the time shorter as the temperature increase of the battery module increases, or sets the time shorter as the order of the detection level increases. Battery fire monitoring device.
16. In Paragraph 9, The control unit performs a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module starting from the lowest level of monitoring, and when the temperature of the battery module reaches the monitoring condition of the corresponding monitoring level, performs a temperature monitoring operation of the battery module for the next level of monitoring. Battery fire monitoring device.