Systems and methods for energy storage and management

Abstract

An energy storage and management system comprises a battery system with quantum dot cells integrated with supercapacitors for storing and releasing electrical energy. A multi-source energy recycling unit captures and converts waste energy from thermoelectric generators and suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms. An artificial intelligence-driven management unit includes sensors for real-time data collection, a transceiver for communication, and a monitoring and controlling unit that processes sensor data and dynamically adjusts power distribution across the quantum dot cells and supercapacitors. A dual thermal management unit provides temperature control via a cryogenic cooling unit for rapid cooling and a phase-change material unit for passive thermal regulation. The system features configurable component architecture enabling component replacement, scaling, and integration of alternative energy sources.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND MANAGEMENTCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to and benefit of Provisional Patent Application No 63 / 744,424, titled "SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT," filed on 13 January 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to energy storage and management systems, and more particularly to systems and methods for storing and managing electrical energy using hybrid battery architectures comprising quantum dot cells integrated with supercapacitors, artificial intelligence-driven monitoring and control, dual thermal management combining cryogenic cooling and phase-change materials, and multi-source energy recycling for applications including electric vehicles, drones, robotics, and portable power solutions.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Energy storage and management systems for batteries are used in powering various applications such as electric vehicles and motorcycles, drones, robotics, and other technologies requiring portable power solutions. These systems must address technical challenges including energy density optimization, thermal regulation, power delivery efficiency, and system longevity. The demands of electric mobility and high-performance applications require energy storage solutions capable of delivering higher power densities, faster charging, and extended operational ranges while maintaining reliability across varying environmental conditions.

[0004] Conventional energy storage systems face several technical limitations that impede their effectiveness in modern applications. First, existing energy storage units typically rely on singular battery technologies that cannot simultaneously optimize for both high energy density and rapid power delivery, resulting in compromised performance across different operational scenarios. Conventional lithium-ion battery systems, for example, exhibit energy densities that prove insufficient for extended-range applications while also lacking the rapid discharge rates required for high-power demand situations. Second, basic cooling mechanisms employed in current systems, such as passive air cooling approaches, prove inadequate for managing thermal loads during high-demand operations, failing to maintain acceptable operating temperatures under high discharge rates. This thermal management deficiency leads to accelerated cell degradation, reduced cycle life, and diminished battery lifespan. Third,standard Battery Management Systems (BMS) offer limited adaptability and lack the intelligent optimization functions required to respond dynamically to varying load conditions, environmental factors, and user behavior patterns.

[0005] Several attempts have been made in the past to address these limitations through regenerative braking systems and fast charging technologies. Although these approaches provide incremental improvements, they fall short of achieving integrated hybrid energy storage architectures, Artificial Intelligence (Al)-based adaptive optimization, and environmental adaptability that are required for modem energy solutions. Current systems often lack configurable component arrangements, preventing component replacement and system scaling as technology evolves or application requirements change. The absence of configurable component architectures means that when individual components fail or become obsolete, entire systems must be replaced rather than selectively upgraded. Additionally, existing solutions do not integrate multi-source energy recycling that could capture and convert waste energy from various sources, including kinetic energy, thermal energy, and vibrational energy, into usable electrical energy. These inefficiencies in energy recycling represent losses in overall system efficiency and operational range.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide improved energy storage and management systems that address these limitations through hybrid battery architectures combining quantum dot cells with supercapacitors, intelligent monitoring and optimization through Al-driven management, dual thermal management combining cryogenic cooling and phase-change materials, and multi-source energy recycling mechanisms.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present disclosure addresses technical problems associated with conventional energy storage systems, including: (1) the inability of singular battery technologies to simultaneously optimize for both high energy density and rapid power delivery; (2) inadequate thermal management through passive air cooling that fails to maintain acceptable operating temperatures during high-demand operations, leading to accelerated cell degradation; (3) limited adaptability of standard battery management systems that operate under static predetermined parameters rather than responding dynamically to varying conditions; (4) absence of configurable component architectures that would enable selective component replacement without requiring complete system replacement; and (5) inefficient energy utilization due to lack of multi-source energy recycling to capture waste energy from thermal, kinetic, and vibrational sources.

[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an energy storage and management system is provided. The energy storage and management system comprises a battery system comprising a plurality of quantum dot cells integrated with supercapacitors. The quantum dot cells and supercapacitors are configured to store and release electrical energy. The energy storage and management system comprises a multi-source energy recycling unit configured to capture waste energy from a plurality of sources and convert the captured waste energy into electrical energy. The energy storage and management system comprises an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven management unit operatively connected to the battery system. The Al-driven management unit comprises a plurality of sensors configured to collect realtime operational data from the battery system. The Al-driven management unit comprises a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data. The Al-driven management unit comprises an Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit configured to process data from the plurality of sensors and dynamically adjust power distribution across the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors based on the processed data. The Al-driven management unit enables the energy storage and management system to operate autonomously, allowing the system to configure the battery system without external intervention. In some cases, the Al-driven management unit may communicate with a server to obtain required information and update the battery system accordingly. The energy storage and management system comprises a dual thermal management unit configured for dynamic temperature control of the battery system. The dual thermal management unit comprises a cryogenic cooling unit and a phase-change material unit. The battery system, the multi-source energy recycling unit, the Al-driven management unit, and the dual thermal management unit are configured as discrete components interconnected through standardized interfaces, enabling selective removal, replacement, and scalable integration of individual components without requiring disassembly of the entire energy storage and management system.

[0009] The integration of quantum dot cells with supercapacitors within a unified battery system provides the technical solution to the first problem by simultaneously achieving high energy density for extended operational range and rapid power delivery for high-demand scenarios, addressing the limitation of conventional single battery technology systems that cannot optimize for both characteristics. The multi-source energy recycling unit provides the technical solution to the fifth problem by recovering waste energy that would otherwise be dissipated, thereby extending operational range and improving overall system efficiency. The Al-driven management unit with real-time sensor data collection and dynamic power distribution adjustment provides the technical solution to the third problem by enablingadaptive optimization that responds to changing operational conditions rather than operating under static predetermined parameters. The dual thermal management unit combining cryogenic cooling and phase-change material provides the technical solution to the second problem by managing both transient thermal spikes and sustained thermal loads, preventing thermal damage that could result from inadequate cooling response times. The configurable component architecture with standardized interfaces provides the technical solution to the fourth problem by enabling component replacement and system upgrades without requiring complete system replacement, thereby extending the operational lifecycle of the energy storage and management system.

[0010] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the energy storage and management system may include one or more of the following features. The supercapacitors may be graphene supercapacitors.

[0011] The use of graphene supercapacitors provides the technical advantage of high conductivity, high surface area, and enhanced charge-discharge rates compared to other supercapacitor materials, enabling improved energy density and power delivery characteristics.

[0012] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the graphene supercapacitors may enable at least one of near-instantaneous or instantaneous storing and releasing of electrical energy.

[0013] The near-instantaneous or instantaneous energy storage and release capability provides the technical advantage of rapid energy transfer for applications requiring quick bursts of energy or consistent high-demand power delivery, reducing response times compared to conventional energy storage technologies.

[0014] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the multi-source energy recycling unit may comprise thermoelectric generators configured to convert waste heat into usable electrical energy. The multi-source energy recycling unit may comprise suspensionbased kinetic recovery mechanisms configured to harvest mechanical energy during movement.

[0015] The thermoelectric generators provide the technical advantage of capturing thermal gradients from heat-generating components that would otherwise be dissipated to the environment, converting waste heat into usable electrical energy. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms provide the technical advantage of harvesting mechanical energy from motion and vibrations that conventional systems do not recover, extending energy recovery beyond regenerative braking alone.

[0016] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the plurality of sensors may be configured to collect data for at least one of environmental conditions, rider behavior, performance metrics, battery health monitoring, energy optimization, safety monitoring, and predictive maintenance.

[0017] The collection of diverse sensor data types provides the technical advantage of enabling comprehensive system monitoring and informed decision-making by the Al-driven management unit, allowing the system to adapt to varying environmental conditions, user behavior patterns, and component health states.

[0018] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit may be configured to monitor real-time health metrics of the battery system and forecast potential failures based on historical data.

[0019] The real-time health monitoring and failure forecasting capability provides the technical advantage of enabling proactive maintenance interventions that address component degradation before failures occur, reducing unexpected downtime and maintenance costs compared to reactive maintenance approaches.

[0020] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit may be configured to alert users via a connected mobile application when anomalies or potential failures are detected.

[0021] The alert notification capability provides the technical advantage of enabling operators to receive real-time information regarding system health status regardless of their physical location, allowing for timely preventive actions to maintain system integrity.

[0022] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the phase-change material unit may comprise at least one of organic phase-change materials, inorganic phase-change materials, metallic phase-change materials, composite phase-change materials, or hybrid phase-change materials.

[0023] The availability of multiple phase-change material types provides the technical advantage of enabling selection of materials with thermal properties optimized for specific application requirements, including latent heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and phase transition temperature ranges.

[0024] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the Al-driven management unit may be configured to perform a self-healing function to detect degraded cells within the battery system and reallocate power away from the degraded cells to functional cells to optimize longevity of the battery system.

[0025] The self-healing function performed by the Al-driven management unit provides the technical advantage of extending the operational lifespan of the battery system by reducing stress on weakened cells while maintaining overall system performance through increased utilization of cells that remain in acceptable condition, enabling continued operation without requiring immediate replacement of entire battery modules.

[0026] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the energy storage and management system may further comprise a fault-detection unit configured to identify malfunctioning components and disable the malfunctioning components to prevent cascading failures.

[0027] The fault-detection unit provides the technical advantage of minimizing the risk of systemic damage by isolating faults at their source, ensuring uninterrupted performance of unaffected components and enhancing overall system reliability and safety.

[0028] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the dual thermal management unit may further comprise at least one of air cooling, liquid cooling, refrigerant-based cooling, heat pipes and vapor chambers, or thermoelectric cooling. The configurable component architecture may support integration of alternative energy sources comprising at least one of solar panels, regenerative braking modules, thermoelectric generators, hydrogen fuel cells, wind energy modules, or battery swapping modules.

[0029] The availability of multiple cooling technologies provides the technical advantage of enabling thermal management configurations tailored to specific application requirements and thermal load conditions. The support for alternative energy source integration provides the technical advantage of enabling supplemental energy capture from multiple sources, extending operational range and enhancing adaptability to different environments and applications.

[0030] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the energy storage and management system may further comprise a theft prevention and tracking system comprising tamper detection sensors configured to monitor for unauthorized access, a GPS tracking module for location tracking, a remote access controller enabling remote management capabilities, and a secure locking mechanism for preventing unauthorized usage.

[0031] The theft prevention and tracking system provides the technical advantage of safeguarding the energy storage and management system from unauthorized access and movement through real-time monitoring, location tracking, and remote disabling capabilities, protecting valuable energy storage assets.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a battery system is provided. The battery system comprises a plurality of quantum dot cells configured to store and releaseelectrical energy. The battery system comprises a plurality of supercapacitors integrated with the quantum dot cells. The supercapacitors are configured to provide rapid energy storage and discharge. The battery system comprises a plurality of separators positioned between the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors for thermal management. The battery system comprises an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven management unit operatively coupled to the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors. The Al-driven management unit comprises a plurality of sensors configured to gather real-time operational data. The Al-driven management unit comprises a transceiver configured to enable data transmission and reception. The AI-driven management unit comprises an Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit configured to process sensor data and regulate power distribution. The battery system comprises a thermal management unit configured for temperature regulation. The thermal management unit comprises a cryogenic cooling module and a phase-change material module. The quantum dot cells, the supercapacitors, the separators, the Al-driven management unit, and the thermal management unit are configured as discrete components interconnected through standardized interfaces, enabling selective removal, replacement, and scalable integration of individual components without requiring disassembly of the entire battery system.

[0033] The integration of quantum dot cells with supercapacitors provides the technical advantage of achieving both high energy density storage and rapid power delivery within a unified battery architecture. The separators positioned between the quantum dot cells and supercapacitors provide the technical advantage of thermal isolation and management between battery components. The Al-driven management unit with real-time sensor data collection and power distribution regulation provides the technical advantage of intelligent adaptive control that optimizes energy utilization based on current operating conditions. The thermal management unit combining cryogenic cooling and phase-change material provides the technical advantage of managing thermal conditions across different operational scenarios. The configurable component architecture with standardized interfaces provides the technical advantage of enabling component-level maintenance and upgrades without requiring complete battery system replacement.

[0034] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the battery system may include one or more of the following features. The supercapacitors may be graphene supercapacitors configured to enable near-instantaneous energy storage and discharge.

[0035] The graphene supercapacitors provide the technical advantage of high conductivity and rapid charge-discharge rates that enable near-instantaneous energy transfer for applications requiring quick response to power demands.

[0036] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the separators may comprise cooling plates configured to use at least one of cryogenic fluid and phase-change material for passive cooling.

[0037] The cooling plates using cryogenic fluid and phase-change material provide the technical advantage of integrated thermal management within the battery structure, enabling effective temperature control without requiring separate external cooling systems.

[0038] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit may be configured to monitor real-time health metrics of the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit may be configured to forecast potential failures based on historical data. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit may be configured to transmit alerts to a user device when anomalies are detected.

[0039] The real-time health monitoring, failure forecasting, and alert transmission capabilities provide the technical advantage of enabling proactive maintenance and timely operator notification, reducing unexpected failures and enabling informed decision-making regarding battery system maintenance.

[0040] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the configurable component architecture may include quick-release mechanisms for replacing components and may support integration of alternative energy sources comprising at least one of solar panels, regenerative braking systems, thermoelectric generators, and hydrogen fuel cells.

[0041] The quick-release mechanisms provide the technical advantage of enabling component replacement without requiring specialized tools or extensive disassembly procedures, reducing downtime during maintenance operations. The support for alternative energy source integration provides the technical advantage of enabling supplemental energy capture to extend operational range and enhance system adaptability.

[0042] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for energy storage and management is provided. The method comprises providing a battery system comprising a plurality of quantum dot cells integrated with sup er capacitors configured to store and release electrical energy. The method comprises capturing waste energy from a plurality of sources using a multi-source energy recycling unit. The method comprises collecting real-time data from a plurality of sensors distributed throughout the battery system. The method comprises transmitting the collected data to an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven monitoring and controlling unit. The method comprises processing the collected data using the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit to determine optimal operating parameters. The method comprises controlling power distribution across the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitorsbased on the determined optimal operating parameters. The method comprises implementing dynamic temperature control by activating a cryogenic cooling unit and utilizing a phasechange material unit for temperature regulation. The method comprises monitoring system performance and capacity requirements. The method comprises identifying a need for system reconfiguration based on the monitored performance and capacity requirements. The method comprises modifying a system configuration by selectively removing, replacing, or adding one or more discrete components selected from the battery system, the multi-source energy recycling unit, an Al-driven management unit, and a dual thermal management unit, through standardized interfaces to meet the identified need.

[0043] The method provides the technical advantage of enabling adaptive energy storage and management through Al-driven processing of real-time sensor data and dynamic adjustment of power distribution and thermal management. The waste energy capture provides the technical advantage of recovering energy that would otherwise be dissipated, improving overall system efficiency. The dynamic temperature control provides the technical advantage of maintaining the battery system within acceptable thermal operating ranges across varying operational conditions. The system reconfiguration function provides the technical advantage of enabling the energy storage and management system to evolve over time through component-level modifications without requiring complete system replacement.

[0044] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the method may include one or more of the following features. Capturing waste energy may comprise converting waste heat into usable electrical energy using thermoelectric generators. Capturing waste energy may comprise harvesting mechanical energy during movement using suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms.

[0045] The thermoelectric generators provide the technical advantage of capturing thermal energy from temperature differentials that would otherwise be lost to the environment. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms provide the technical advantage of harvesting mechanical energy from motion and vibrations, extending energy recovery beyond conventional regenerative braking approaches.

[0046] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the real-time data collected may comprise data for at least one of environmental conditions, rider behavior, performance metrics, battery health monitoring, energy optimization, safety monitoring, and predictive maintenance.

[0047] The collection of diverse data types provides the technical advantage of enabling comprehensive system awareness and informed decision-making by the Al-driven monitoringand controlling unit, allowing the method to adapt energy storage and management operations to varying conditions and requirements.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for energy storage and management, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a battery system comprising quantum dot cells and supercapacitors, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric view of the battery system integrated with a dual thermal management unit, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a vehicle incorporating an energy storage and management system, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of a vehicle incorporating an energy storage and management system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for energy storage and management using quantum dot cells with Al-driven monitoring and control, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] FIG. 7 illustrates a method for predictive maintenance and health monitoring, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] FIG. 8 illustrates a method for monitoring and securing an energy storage and management system against tampering, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] FIG. 9 illustrates a method for Al-driven power management in an electric vehicle, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of exemplary embodiments in which the presently disclosed invention may be practiced. The term "exemplary" used throughout this description means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The detailed description includes specific details for providing a thorough understanding of the presently disclosed energy storage and management system. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the presently disclosed invention may be practiced without these specific details. In someinstances, well-known structures and devices are shown in functional or conceptual diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the presently disclosed energy storage and management system.

[0058] In the present specification, an embodiment showing a singular component should not be considered limiting. Rather, the invention preferably encompasses other embodiments including a plurality of the same component, and vice-versa, unless explicitly stated otherwise herein. Moreover, the applicant does not intend for any term in the specification to be ascribed an uncommon or special meaning unless explicitly set forth as such. Further, the present invention encompasses present and future known equivalents to the known components referred to herein by way of illustration.

[0059] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, and / or section from another element, component, region, and / or section.

[0060] It will be understood that the elements, components, regions, and sections depicted in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0061] Although the present invention provides a description of the energy storage and management system it is to be further understood that numerous changes may arise in the details of the embodiments of the energy storage and management system. It is contemplated that all such changes and additional embodiments are within the spirit and true scope of this disclosure.

[0062] The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the described embodiments or the application and uses of the described embodiments. As used herein, the word "exemplary" or "illustrative" means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" or "illustrative" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. All of the implementations described below are exemplary implementations provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0063] Various features and embodiments of an energy storage and management system are explained in conjunction with the description of FIGURES (FIGs) 1-9.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 1, a system 100 for energy storage and management is shown, in accordance with embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 may include an energy storage and management system 102, a user device 150, and a server 152. The system100 may be designed for applications including electric vehicles and motorcycles, drones, robotics, and other advanced technologies requiring portable power solutions with high energy density and rapid power delivery capabilities. It should be understood that the specific applications described herein are provided by way of example and not limitation, and the system 100 may be adapted for use in other applications without departing from the scope of the present invention. The energy storage and management system 102 provides energy storage, thermal management, and intelligent control capabilities through a modular hybrid battery architecture that integrates quantum dot cells 106 with supercapacitors 108 to simultaneously optimize for both high energy density and rapid power delivery. The system 100 addresses the fundamental technical limitations of conventional energy storage systems by incorporating Al-driven optimization, multi-source energy recycling, and enhanced environmental adaptability to advance modem energy solutions beyond the incremental improvements offered by existing regenerative braking systems and fast charging technologies.

[0065] The energy storage and management system 102 may communicate with external components to enable remote monitoring and control functionality, thereby providing operators with real-time visibility into system performance and the ability to manage operations from remote locations. The user device 150 may be communicatively coupled to the energy storage and management system 102 through a connected mobile application or other interface that enables users to receive alerts, view operational data, and issue control commands. The user device 150 may indicate an electronic device such as a mobile device, personal digital assistant, laptop computer, tablet computer, desktop computer, smart watch, and the like. The user device 150 may connect to the network 154, which facilitates communication between the energy storage and management system 102 and the server 152. The network 154 may include wired or wireless communication networks such as local area networks, wide area networks, cellular networks, or the Internet, enabling data transmission across various distances and environments. The server 152 may receive operational data from the energy storage and management system 102, including sensor readings, performance metrics, and health monitoring information collected by the Al-driven management unit 112, and transmit control commands or alerts back to the energy storage and management system 102 through the network 154. The server 152 may also process and store historical operational data to support predictive maintenance algorithms and long-term performance analysis. In some cases, the server 152 may be owned and operated by various entities including an enterprise, organization, a software service provider, a cloud computing platform, or an individual user.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 1, the energy storage and management system 102 comprises a battery system 104 configured to store and distribute electrical energy. The battery system 104 is specifically designed for integration within the energy storage and management system 102 and provides the core energy storage functionality that enables the system 100 to achieve its operational objectives. The battery system 104 provides electrical energy storage and release capabilities through a modular hybrid battery architecture that enables the energy storage and management system 102 to achieve both high energy density and rapid power delivery within a unified architecture. The battery system 104 comprises quantum dot cells 106, supercapacitors 108, and separators 110.

[0067] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary exploded view of the battery system 104, showing the spatial arrangement and alignment of the quantum dot cells 106, supercapacitors 108, and separators 110. As shown in FIG. 2, the quantum dot cells 106, supercapacitors 108, and separators 110 are arranged in a stacked configuration, with the separators 110 positioned between the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108. This arrangement enables the integration of the quantum dot cells 106 with the supercapacitors 108 to achieve both high energy density and rapid power delivery capabilities.

[0068] With continued reference to FIG. 2, the quantum dot cells 106 may be configured to store and release electrical energy. The quantum dot cells 106 may provide efficient energy storage through quantum dot technology, which enables high energy efficiency and scalability. The quantum dot cells 106 may comprise lithium-ion cells, and in some cases, the battery system 104 may utilize 4680 lithium-ion NMC cells as a primary energy source. The 4680 lithium-ion NMC cells may be arranged in a modular configuration to optimize energy delivery while minimizing weight. It should be understood that the specific cell types and configurations described herein are exemplary, and other cell chemistries, form factors, and arrangements may be employed in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. In some cases, the storing and releasing of energy by the quantum dot cells 106 integrated with the supercapacitors 108 may be near-instantaneous (real-time), providing rapid energy transfer capabilities for applications requiring quick bursts of energy or consistent high-demand power delivery.

[0069] The quantum dot cells 106 may enable ultra-fast charging capabilities where recharging occurs in minutes rather than hours. The ultra-fast charging capability of the quantum dot cells 106 reduces downtime associated with energy replenishment, providing advantages for applications where rapid turnaround between operational cycles is desired. The quantum dot cells 106 may transfer energy at a molecular level, allowing for rapid flow ofelectrical power that reduces charging times compared to conventional charging technologies that rely on slower energy transfer methods.

[0070] The quantum dot cells 106 may enable extended range for long distance traveling without frequent recharging. The extended range capability provided by the quantum dot cells 106 allows vehicles and other applications to operate over greater distances before requiring energy replenishment. The energy storage characteristics of the quantum dot cells 106 support sustained power delivery over extended operational periods, reducing the frequency of charging stops and enhancing operational continuity for applications such as electric vehicles, drones, and robotics.

[0071] The quantum dot cells 106 may allow for smaller battery packs, enabling more design flexibility and light mobilities. The reduced size of battery packs incorporating the quantum dot cells 106 provides designers with additional options for component placement and vehicle architecture. The smaller form factor of quantum dot cell-based battery packs may reduce overall system weight, which may enhance mobility characteristics and improve energy efficiency through reduced mass that the system 100 transports during operation.

[0072] The quantum dot cells 106 may provide improved efficiency that enhances energy recovery and usage during operation. The improved efficiency of the quantum dot cells 106 may reduce energy losses during charging and discharging cycles, allowing a greater proportion of stored energy to be utilized for productive work. The enhanced energy efficiency of the quantum dot cells 106 may also improve the effectiveness of energy recovery mechanisms by enabling more complete capture and storage of recovered energy from sources such as regenerative braking and thermoelectric generators within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130.

[0073] The supercapacitors 108 may be integrated with the quantum dot cells 106 to enable rapid energy storage and discharge capabilities. The supercapacitors 108 may provide rapid, intense power bursts when required, enhancing overall system performance. In some cases, the supercapacitors 108 may be cadmium-based, lead-based, indium-based, perovskite, silicon, or graphene supercapacitors. In some cases, the supercapacitors 108 may be graphene supercapacitors, which capitalize on graphene's conductivity, high surface area, and robustness to deliver energy density and charge-discharge rates. In various embodiments, other types of supercapacitors or energy storage components may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention. The integration of the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108 achieves a synergy that enhances the overall performance of the batterysystem 104, with the quantum dot cells 106 providing efficient energy storage while the supercapacitors 108 enable rapid energy transfer.

[0074] The separators 110 and the dual thermal management unit 124 may act as the same components in some embodiments, while in other embodiments they may act as separate components within the energy storage and management system 102. In some embodiments, the separators 110 may be positioned between the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108 for thermal management and protection. In other embodiments, the separators 110 may comprise cooling plates positioned on both upper and lower sides of the battery system 104, such that the cooling plates are disposed above and below the battery packs containing the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108. In such embodiments, the separators 110 may function as the dual thermal management unit 124 comprising the cryogenic cooling unit 126 and the PCM unit 128. In yet other embodiments, the separators 110 may be positioned both between the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108, and on the upper and lower sides of the battery system 104, providing thermal management throughout the battery assembly. The separators 110 may use cryogenic fluid as well as phase-change material (PCM) for passive cooling. The separators 110 may include a protector with silicon or other fire-safe material to provide thermal protection and prevent thermal runaway events.

[0075] In embodiments where the separators 110 and the dual thermal management unit 124 are integrated as a single component, the separators 110 may incorporate both cryogenic cooling channels and phase-change material layers within a unified structure. This integrated configuration may provide a compact form factor and direct thermal contact with the quantum dot cells 106 and supercapacitors 108, enabling efficient heat transfer and temperature regulation without requiring separate thermal management hardware. In embodiments where the separators 110 and the dual thermal management unit 124 are implemented as separate but cooperating components, the separators 110 may provide thermal isolation and protection between battery cells, while the dual thermal management unit 124 may be positioned externally to the battery stack to provide system-level thermal regulation. In such separate configurations, the separators 110 and the dual thermal management unit 124 may communicate thermally through conductive pathways or may operate independently to address different thermal management requirements. The separate configuration may facilitate independent servicing, replacement, or upgrading of thermal management components without disturbing the battery cell arrangement. Both configurations are contemplated within the scope of the present invention, and the selection between integrated and separate implementationsmay depend on application requirements, space constraints, thermal load characteristics, or manufacturing considerations.

[0076] The battery system 104 may integrate solid-state batteries to enhance energy density, improve safety, and enable faster charging capabilities. The integration of solid-state batteries within the battery system 104 may future-proof the system, ensuring compatibility with advancements in solid-state battery technology. In some cases, the battery system 104 may use solid state batteries, metal-air cells, or other high density batteries in place of or in addition to the supercapacitors 108. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications and variations to the battery system 104 are possible without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, and the specific battery technologies described herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0077] In some cases, the battery system 104 may include a lithium iron phosphate (LiFP) battery located at a higher position within the battery system 104 for weight distribution purposes. The battery system 104 may also include a lithium-ion battery located at a bottom position within the battery system 104 for performance and safety purposes. The positioning of different battery types within the battery system 104 may optimize weight distribution and enhance both performance characteristics and safety considerations for the overall system 100.

[0078] Referring back to FIG. 1, the energy storage and management system 102 may include an Artificial Intelligence (Al)-driven management unit 112, also referred to herein as the Al-driven Battery Management System (BMS), operatively connected to the battery system 104. The Al-driven management unit 112 may provide intelligent control and monitoring capabilities for the energy storage and management system 102 through real-time data collection, processing, and adaptive system control. The Al-driven management unit 112 enables the energy storage and management system 102 to operate autonomously, allowing the system 100 to configure the battery system 104 without external intervention. In some cases, the Al-driven management unit 112 may communicate with the server 152 through the network 154 to obtain required information, such as software updates, optimized operating parameters, or predictive maintenance data, and update the battery system 104 accordingly. The Al-driven management unit 112 may comprise sensors 114, a transceiver 116, an Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, and a fault-detection unit 120.

[0079] The sensors 114 may be distributed throughout the energy storage and management system 102 to collect real-time operational data across a variety of parameters. The sensors 114 may comprise a plurality of sensor types configured to monitor different aspects of system operation, with each sensor type contributing to the comprehensive data ecosystem that enablesintelligent system management and adaptive control. The sensors 114 may be categorized into several functional types based on the parameters monitored and the data collected. The following descriptions of sensor types are illustrative and not restrictive, and other sensor types or combinations thereof may be employed in various embodiments.

[0080] The sensors 114 may comprise environmental condition sensors configured to measure external factors including temperature, humidity, pressure, and other atmospheric variables. The environmental condition sensors allow the energy storage and management system 102 to adapt energy output and cooling mechanisms to optimize performance in various climates and terrains. In extreme heat conditions, the energy storage and management system 102 may prioritize cooling measures to prevent overheating based on data from the environmental condition sensors. In high-moisture environments, the energy storage and management system 102 may activate safety protocols to mitigate risks of short circuits based on humidity readings from the environmental condition sensors. The environmental condition sensors may provide continuous monitoring of atmospheric conditions surrounding the energy storage and management system 102, enabling real-time adjustments to operational parameters in response to changing environmental factors.

[0081] The sensors 114 may comprise rider behavior sensors configured to monitor inputs including acceleration patterns, braking intensity, and directional changes. The rider behavior sensors provide insights into user habits and energy demand by tracking how operators interact with vehicles or equipment powered by the energy storage and management system 102. By analyzing data from the rider behavior sensors, the energy storage and management system 102 may predict power needs and adjust distribution to ensure smooth operation, improving energy efficiency and enhancing the overall user experience. The rider behavior sensors may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to tailor power delivery for specific use cases, such as sudden bursts of acceleration or prolonged periods of steady operation. The data collected by the rider behavior sensors may include throttle position, steering angle, braking force application, and acceleration magnitude, providing a comprehensive profile of operator behavior patterns.

[0082] The sensors 114 may comprise performance metric sensors configured to track aspects of system operation including power output, efficiency rates, and thermal performance. The performance metric sensors provide data for optimizing energy utilization and ensuring that the energy storage and management system 102 operates at peak efficiency while maintaining stability and reliability during high-demand scenarios. The performance metric sensors may monitor instantaneous power draw, cumulative energy consumption, conversionefficiency between stored and delivered energy, and heat generation rates across various system components. The data from the performance metric sensors enables the energy storage and management system 102 to identify operational inefficiencies and implement corrective adjustments to power distribution and thermal management.

[0083] The sensors 114 may comprise battery health monitoring sensors configured to continuously assess the condition of energy storage units, including parameters such as voltage, current, and cell temperature. The battery health monitoring sensors detect signs of wear, degradation, or imbalance in battery cells, enabling the energy storage and management system 102 to implement corrective measures such as redistributing power or activating self-healing functionalities to extend the lifespan of the energy unit. The battery health monitoring sensors may measure individual cell voltages, charge levels, internal resistance, and temperature gradients across battery modules within the battery system 104. The data collected by the battery health monitoring sensors supports early detection of potential issues before such issues escalate into failures that could compromise system performance or safety.

[0084] The sensors 114 may comprise energy optimization sensors configured to maximize energy utilization by identifying and minimizing inefficiencies in power distribution. The energy optimization sensors enable the energy storage and management system 102 to balance energy input and output dynamically, ensuring that resources are allocated where resources are needed, whether for propulsion, auxiliary systems, or storage. The energy optimization sensors may monitor energy flow rates between components, charging and discharging efficiency, parasitic losses, and energy recovery effectiveness from regenerative systems within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130. The data from the energy optimization sensors allows the energy storage and management system 102 to continuously refine power distribution strategies to reduce waste and extend operational range.

[0085] The sensors 114 may comprise safety monitoring sensors configured to provide real-time feedback on potential hazards including mechanical stress, vibrations, and external impacts. The safety monitoring sensors allow the energy storage and management system 102 to activate safety mechanisms, such as emergency power cutoffs or notifications, to protect users and prevent damage to the energy unit in critical situations. The safety monitoring sensors may detect abnormal vibration patterns, sudden impacts, structural deformation, and other indicators of mechanical stress that could signal potential safety concerns. The data from the safety monitoring sensors enables rapid response to hazardous conditions, minimizing the risk of injury or equipment damage.

[0086] The sensors 114 may comprise predictive maintenance sensors configured to collect historical and real-time data on component performance to forecast potential failures. The predictive maintenance sensors play a role in identifying and addressing issues before such issues escalate by enabling the energy storage and management system 102 to recommend maintenance schedules based on observed trends and anomalies. The predictive maintenance sensors may track component wear rates, operational cycle counts, performance degradation patterns, and correlation between operating conditions and component longevity. The data collected by the predictive maintenance sensors reduces downtime and enhances the overall reliability of the energy storage and management system 102 by enabling proactive maintenance interventions rather than reactive repairs following unexpected failures. The predictive maintenance sensors may provide data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 for analysis and generation of maintenance recommendations. It should be understood that the sensor types and data parameters described herein are provided by way of example, and the scope of the present invention encompasses other sensor configurations and data collection methodologies.

[0087] The transceiver 116 may enable wireless communication for data transmission and reception between the Al-driven management unit 112 and external components. The transceiver 116 may transmit collected sensor data to the server 152 through the network 154 and receive control commands or configuration updates from the server 152. The transceiver 116 may also facilitate communication with the user device 150 to enable remote monitoring and control of the energy storage and management system 102 through a connected mobile application.

[0088] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may be configured to process data from the sensors 114 and control system operations. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may adjust power distribution based on real-time data from the sensors 114, dynamically responding to changes in operating environments such as fluctuating temperatures, varying energy demands, or evolving safety requirements. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may operate autonomously to configure and optimize the battery system 104 based on real-time sensor data without requiring external commands. In some cases, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may communicate with the server 152 to receive updated algorithms, configuration parameters, or operational guidelines, and may apply these updates to the battery system 104 to enhance performance or address identified issues. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may optimize power flow during high-demand scenarios or modulate energy output to accommodate environmentalchallenges, ensuring operation under diverse conditions. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may monitor real-time health metrics of energy components and forecast potential failures based on historical data. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may incorporate predictive analytics that utilize historical data and real-time health metrics to anticipate potential component degradation or failure before such events occur. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may alert users via a connected mobile application when anomalies or potential issues are detected, enabling users to take actions to maintain system integrity. The real-time notification capability of the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may provide users with prompt information regarding system status, allowing for timely preventive interventions that minimize the risk of unexpected downtime and reduce maintenance costs.

[0089] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may incorporate a sensor fusion system that integrates data from the plurality of sensors 114 to provide a comprehensive understanding of current operating conditions. The sensor fusion system may collect and correlate data from environmental condition sensors, rider behavior sensors, performance metric sensors, battery health monitoring sensors, energy optimization sensors, safety monitoring sensors, and predictive maintenance sensors. By analyzing this multi-dimensional data using advanced Al algorithms, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may dynamically adjust power distribution, enhancing both safety and efficiency. The integration of sensor fusion enables the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to process data from diverse sources and make informed decisions based on the combined inputs rather than relying on individual sensor readings in isolation.

[0090] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may continuously monitor individual cell performance, temperature, and load conditions at a granular level within the battery system 104. By tracking the state of each cell within the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may identify variations in cell behavior and implement targeted adjustments to optimize overall system performance. This granular monitoring capability enables precise control over energy distribution and facilitates early detection of cell-level anomalies before such anomalies affect broader system operation.

[0091] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may employ machine learning algorithms that enable the system to learn from operational patterns and adapt control strategies accordingly. The Al algorithms may analyze historical data including usage patterns, environmental conditions, and system responses to develop predictive models that anticipatefuture operating conditions. Over time, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may refine its decision-making processes based on observed correlations between operating conditions and optimal system configurations, enabling continuous improvement in energy management efficiency.

[0092] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may predict potential energy shortages or inefficiencies based on current consumption patterns, planned routes or operations, and historical energy usage data. Upon identifying a potential energy shortage, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may proactively adjust power levels, reduce energy consumption by non-essential systems, or recommend charging stops to ensure continued operation. This proactive energy management capability extends battery life and optimizes overall system performance by anticipating energy demands rather than merely reacting to depleted energy reserves.

[0093] The fault-detection unit 120 may continuously monitor the performance of individual components within the energy storage and management system 102 to identify anomalies or malfunctions in real time. Upon detecting a fault, the fault-detection unit 120 may isolate and disable the malfunctioning component, preventing the issue from escalating or causing cascading failures across interconnected systems. The fault-detection unit 120 may minimize the risk of systemic damage and ensure uninterrupted performance of unaffected components by isolating faults at their source. The fault-detection unit 120 may integrate with the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to provide detailed reports and alerts to operators, enabling timely maintenance and informed decision-making.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 1, the energy storage and management system 102 may comprise a dual thermal management unit 124 configured for dynamic temperature control of the battery system 104. The dual thermal management unit 124 may comprise a cryogenic cooling unit 126 and a phase-change material (PCM) unit 128.

[0095] In some embodiments, the separators 110 shown in FIG. 2 may function as integrated thermal management components comprising cryogenic cooling and phase-change material elements. In other embodiments, the separators 110 and dual thermal management unit 124 may be implemented as separate components.

[0096] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the battery system 104 integrated with the dual thermal management unit 124, showing the spatial arrangement of thermal management components relative to the battery cells. As shown in FIG. 3, the dual thermal management unit 124 may be positioned adjacent to the battery system 104 and may feature a series of parallel fins or plates extending outward from a main body to provide surface area forheat dissipation and thermal regulation. The dual thermal management unit 124 may connect to the battery system 104 to facilitate temperature control during operation, maintaining stable operating conditions even under intensive usage or high-load applications. The configuration shown in FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment where the dual thermal management unit 124 is positioned adjacent to the battery system 104 as a separate component. In alternative embodiments, the thermal management functionality may be integrated within the separators 110 positioned between or around the battery cells, as described with reference to FIG. 2.

[0097] With continued reference to FIG. 3, the cryogenic cooling unit 126 may provide rapid temperature reduction during high-demand scenarios or peak operational periods. The cryogenic cooling unit 126 may utilize cryogenic fluid, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, or other cryogenic coolants, to achieve swift temperature lowering when thermal spikes occur, preventing overheating and maintaining the battery system 104 within an acceptable thermal range. The PCM unit 128 may provide passive heat absorption and temperature regulation within a specified range. The PCM unit 128 may absorb excess heat generated during operation and release stored thermal energy when temperatures decrease, thereby stabilizing the thermal environment of the battery system 104 without requiring continuous active cooling.

[0098] The phase-change material in the PCM unit 128 may comprise organic PCMs, inorganic PCMs, metallic PCMs, composite PCMs, or hybrid PCMs. Organic PCMs may include paraffin waxes or fatty acids that undergo solid-to-liquid phase transitions at specific temperatures. Inorganic PCMs may include salt hydrates that provide high latent heat storage capacity. Metallic PCMs may include low-melting-point metal alloys that offer high thermal conductivity. Composite PCMs may combine multiple materials to achieve desired thermal properties. Hybrid PCMs may integrate characteristics of different PCM types to optimize both thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity for the specific thermal management requirements of the battery system 104. The specific PCM materials and compositions described herein are exemplary and may be varied according to application requirements without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0099] The cryogenic cooling unit 126 and the PCM unit 128 may operate in coordination to manage thermal conditions across different operational scenarios. The cryogenic cooling unit 126 may be activated during periods of high thermal load, such as rapid charging or sustained high-power output, to quickly reduce temperatures and prevent thermal damage to battery cells. The PCM unit 128 may provide continuous passive thermal regulation during normal operation, absorbing heat generated by the battery system 104 and maintaining temperatures within acceptable limits without requiring active cooling energy expenditure. Thecoordination between the cryogenic cooling unit 126 and the PCM unit 128 enables the dual thermal management unit 124 to respond to both transient thermal spikes and sustained thermal loads.

[0100] The dual thermal management unit 124 may further comprise additional cooling technologies including air cooling, liquid cooling, refrigerant-based cooling, heat pipes and vapor chambers, or thermoelectric cooling. Air cooling may provide basic thermal dissipation through convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere. Liquid cooling may provide high-efficiency temperature control through circulation of coolant fluid. Refrigerant-based cooling may provide advanced thermal management through vapor compression cycles. Heat pipes and vapor chambers may provide targeted heat transfer from hot spots to heat dissipation surfaces through phase-change heat transfer mechanisms. Thermoelectric cooling may use electric currents to create temperature differentials, offering precise and responsive thermal regulation for localized cooling requirements. In various embodiments, one or more of these cooling technologies may be employed individually or in combination, and other cooling technologies or thermal management approaches may be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0101] The dual thermal management unit 124 may include an active liquid cooling system with microfluidic cooling channels integrated within both the battery system 104 and power electronics. The microfluidic cooling channels may be configured to circulate coolant fluid through passages positioned in proximity to heat-generating components, enabling effective temperature management during high-performance usage or rapid charging. The microfluidic cooling channels may provide targeted cooling to individual battery cells or cell groups within the battery system 104, allowing for precise thermal control at a granular level. The integration of microfluidic cooling channels within power electronics may manage heat generated by inverters, converters, and other power conversion components that operate in conjunction with the battery system 104.

[0102] With reference to FIG. 3, the batter system 104 may be housed with the help of mounting plates 170. The mounting plates 170 may facilitate installation of the battery system 104 and the dual thermal management unit 124 as an integrated assembly within various applications. In some cases, the battery system 102 may comprise a busbar 172. The busbar 172 may provide electrical connectivity between battery cells and facilitate current distribution throughout the battery system 104. The busbar 172 may be positioned to enable efficient power transfer while maintaining accessibility for maintenance or component replacement. Thebusbar 172 may be configured to handle high current loads associated with rapid charging and high-power discharge operations supported by the battery system 104.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 1, the energy storage and management system 102 may comprise a multi-source energy recycling unit 130 configured to capture waste energy from various sources and convert the captured waste energy into usable electrical energy. The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may extend beyond traditional regenerative braking technology by incorporating multiple energy recovery mechanisms that harvest energy from sources that would otherwise be dissipated as waste. The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may contribute to optimizing overall energy flow within the energy storage and management system 102, leading to longer operational ranges and more sustainable energy usage.

[0104] The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may comprise thermoelectric generators configured to convert waste heat into usable energy. The thermoelectric generators may utilize advanced materials to capture thermal gradients that are often a byproduct of energy-intensive processes within the energy storage and management system 102. The thermoelectric generators may transform heat that would otherwise be dissipated into the environment into electrical energy that may be stored in the battery system 104 or used to power auxiliary systems. The thermoelectric generators may operate based on the thermoelectric effect, which enables direct conversion of temperature differences into electrical voltage. The thermoelectric generators may be positioned in proximity to heat-generating components within the energy storage and management system 102 to maximize the capture of waste thermal energy.

[0105] The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may comprise suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms configured to harvest mechanical energy during movement. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms may capture energy generated by motion and vibrations that occur during operation of vehicles or equipment powered by the energy storage and management system 102. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms may leverage natural dynamics of movement, such as oscillations in suspension systems, to convert kinetic energy into electrical power. The electrical power recovered by the suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms may be reintegrated into the energy storage and management system 102 to support auxiliary functions or supplement the battery system 104. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms may operate during both dynamic phases, such as vehicle travel over uneven terrain, and static phases where vibrations occur from external sources.

[0106] The combination of thermoelectric generators and suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may provide a comprehensive approach to minimizing energy losses while maximizing resource utilization. The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may dynamically adapt to varying energy recovery opportunities based on operating conditions, capturing thermal energy when heat generation is elevated and harvesting kinetic energy when mechanical motion or vibration is present. The energy captured by the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may be conditioned and directed to the battery system 104 for storage or distributed to system components requiring power, depending on real-time energy demands determined by the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118.

[0107] The energy storage and management system 102 may optionally comprise a theft prevention and tracking system 140 configured to safeguard the energy storage and management system 102 from unauthorized access and movement. In some embodiments, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 is integrated with the energy storage and management system 102. In other embodiments, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may be provided as a separate device or system that operates in conjunction with the energy storage and management system 102. In yet other embodiments, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may not be present. The inclusion and integration of the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may depend on user or manufacturer preference. For the purpose of explanation, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 is described as being integrated with the energy storage and management system 102. The theft prevention and tracking system 140 may provide comprehensive security through integration of multiple security components that monitor for tampering, track location, and enable remote control of the energy storage and management system 102. The theft prevention and tracking system 140 may comprise tamper detection sensors 142, a Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking module 144, a remote access controller 146, and a secure locking mechanism 148.

[0108] The tamper detection sensors 142 may be embedded within the energy storage and management system 102 to provide real-time monitoring for physical interference or unauthorized manipulation. The tamper detection sensors 142 may be strategically positioned throughout the energy storage and management system 102 to detect attempts to access, remove, or modify components without authorization. The tamper detection sensors 142 may monitor for signs of physical interference including vibration patterns indicative of tampering, changes in enclosure integrity, removal of fasteners, or displacement of components from their installed positions. Upon detecting tampering or unauthorized access attempts, the tamperdetection sensors 142 may generate alerts that are transmitted to the user device 150 and the server 152 through the transceiver 116 and the network 154.

[0109] The GPS tracking module 144 may be configured to determine and report the geographic location of the energy storage and management system 102. The GPS tracking module 144 may receive signals from global positioning satellites to calculate position coordinates of the energy storage and management system 102. The GPS tracking module 144 may be activated in response to detection of tampering or unauthorized movement by the tamper detection sensors 142, enabling operators to pinpoint the location of the energy storage and management system 102 when security events occur. The GPS tracking module 144 may transmit location data to the server 152 through the network 154, allowing operators to track the position of the energy storage and management system 102 in real time through the user device 150 or other monitoring interfaces. In some cases, the GPS tracking module 144 may provide continuous location tracking during normal operation, enabling fleet management and asset tracking capabilities for applications involving multiple energy storage and management systems 102.

[0110] The remote access controller 146 may enable operators to monitor, manage, and secure the energy storage and management system 102 from remote locations. The remote access controller 146 may receive commands from the user device 150 or the server 152 through the network 154 and execute corresponding control actions on the energy storage and management system 102. The remote access controller 146 may enable operators to lock or disable the energy storage and management system 102 remotely in response to suspected theft or unauthorized usage. The remote access controller 146 may also enable operators to query system status, retrieve operational data, and modify configuration parameters without requiring physical access to the energy storage and management system 102. The remote access functionality provided by the remote access controller 146 may allow swift action to prevent potential loss or damage when security events are detected.

[0111] The secure locking mechanism 148 may be configured to prevent unauthorized usage of the energy storage and management system 102. The secure locking mechanism 148 may be activated by the remote access controller 146 in response to commands received from operators through the user device 150 or the server 152. When activated, the secure locking mechanism 148 may disable power output from the battery system 104, preventing the energy storage and management system 102 from providing energy to connected loads or vehicles. The secure locking mechanism 148 may also prevent unauthorized charging of the battery system 104 when the energy storage and management system 102 is in a locked state. Thesecure locking mechanism 148 may require authentication credentials or authorization from the remote access controller 146 before allowing the energy storage and management system 102 to resume normal operation.

[0112] In embodiments where the theft prevention and tracking system 140 is integrated with the energy storage and management system 102, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may operate in coordination with the Al-driven management unit 112 to provide integrated security monitoring. The tamper detection sensors 142 may provide data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, which may analyze sensor readings to distinguish between normal operational conditions and potential security threats. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may apply pattern recognition algorithms to identify tampering attempts that may not trigger simple threshold-based detection, such as gradual manipulation or sophisticated intrusion techniques. When the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 determines that a security event has occurred, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may coordinate activation of the GPS tracking module 144 and transmission of alerts to operators through the transceiver 116.

[0113] The theft prevention and tracking system 140 may provide a multi-layered security approach that combines detection, tracking, notification, and disabling capabilities. The tamper detection sensors 142 may provide the detection layer by continuously monitoring for unauthorized access attempts. The GPS tracking module 144 may provide the tracking layer by enabling location determination when security events occur. The remote access controller 146 may provide the notification and control layer by enabling communication between operators and the energy storage and management system 102. The secure locking mechanism 148 may provide the disabling layer by preventing unauthorized operation of the energy storage and management system 102. The combination of these security components within the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may enhance the overall security of the energy storage and management system 102 and provide operators with real-time control and visibility over system status regardless of location. In embodiments where the theft prevention and tracking system 140 is provided as a separate device or system, the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may communicate with the energy storage and management system 102 through wired or wireless communication interfaces to provide similar security functionality.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 4, the energy storage and management system 102 integrated within a vehicle 200 is shown, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a side view of the vehicle 200 incorporating the energy storage and management system 102 is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. The vehicle 200 may be an electric motorcycle, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 for illustrative purposes. However, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within various other types of vehicles and applications. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be implemented in electric automobiles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric trucks, or electric buses. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones for commercial, industrial, or recreational applications. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be utilized in robotic systems, including autonomous mobile robots, industrial robots, or service robots. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be applied to marine vessels such as electric boats or personal watercraft. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be incorporated into portable power systems, stationary energy storage installations, or grid-connected energy storage applications. The modular architecture of the energy storage and management system 102 may facilitate adaptation to the specific requirements of each application type.

[0115] The vehicle 200 may comprise a mounting frame 202, a motor 204, a charger 206, and an inverter / converter unit 208 configured to operate in conjunction with the energy storage and management system 102. The mounting frame 202 may provide structural support and positioning for the energy storage and management system 102 and other components within the vehicle 200. The mounting frame 202 may be configured to secure the battery system 104 and associated thermal management components in a position that optimizes weight distribution within the vehicle 200. As shown in FIG. 4, the mounting frame 202 may position the energy storage and management system 102 centrally within the vehicle 200 to achieve balanced weight distribution that enhances vehicle handling and stability characteristics. The mounting frame 202 may comprise tubular or structural members that form attachment points for the energy storage and management system 102, the motor 204, the charger 206, and the inverter / converter unit 208.

[0116] With continued reference to FIG. 4, the motor 204 may be positioned adjacent to the energy storage and management system 102 to receive electrical energy from the battery system 104 for propulsion of the vehicle 200. The motor 204 may be a high output electric motor configured to convert electrical energy from the battery system 104 into mechanical energy for driving wheels or other propulsion mechanisms of the vehicle 200. In some cases, the motor 204 may comprise a liquid cooled system derived from one source to manage heat generated during motor operation. The liquid cooling system of the motor 204 may circulate coolant fluid through passages within or around the motor 204 to dissipate heat and maintainthe motor 204 within acceptable operating temperature ranges during sustained high-power operation.

[0117] The charger 206 may be located on the vehicle 200 to provide charging capabilities for the energy storage and management system 102. As shown in FIG. 4, the charger 206 may be positioned on a side of the vehicle 200 for ease of access and performance. In some cases, the charger 206 may be a Combined Charging System (CCS) charger configured to support both standard and fast-charging capabilities. The CCS charger configuration of the charger 206 may enable compatibility with charging infrastructure that supports DC fast charging, allowing the battery system 104 to achieve rapid charging times when connected to high-power charging stations. The side-mounted position of the charger 206 may facilitate convenient access to charging ports during charging operations without requiring users to access difficult-to-reach locations on the vehicle 200.

[0118] The inverter / converter unit 208 may be positioned within the vehicle 200 to facilitate power conversion between the battery system 104 and the motor 204. The inverter / converter unit 208 may manage conversion of direct current from the battery system 104 to alternating current required for motor operation. The inverter / converter unit 208 may also regulate voltage levels for efficient energy transfer between system components, ensuring compatibility between the battery system 104 operating voltage and the voltage requirements of the motor 204 and auxiliary systems. In some cases, the inverter / converter unit 208 may utilize Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET inverter technology to facilitate high-efficiency DC to AC conversion with fast switching, reduced power loss, and compact design. In some cases, the inverter / converter unit 208 may comprise a DC-DC converter powered by Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors to ensure high-speed and efficient power transfer between the battery system 104 and auxiliary systems while minimizing heat generation.

[0119] The energy storage and management system 102 may utilize power electronics and conversion systems configured to manage the flow of energy between the battery system 104, motor 204, and auxiliary components. The inverter / converter unit 208 may convert direct current from the battery system 104 into alternating current required for motor 204 operation. In some cases, the inverter / converter unit 208 may be a Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET inverter that facilitates high-efficiency DC to AC conversion. The SiC MOSFET inverter may enable fast switching speeds that reduce switching losses during power conversion operations. The SiC MOSFET inverter may also provide reduced power loss compared to conventional silicon-based inverters, enabling more efficient energy transfer from the battery system 104 to the motor 204. The reduced power loss characteristics of the SiC MOSFET inverter may resultin decreased heat generation during operation, which may reduce cooling requirements and contribute to a more compact and lightweight design for the power electronics.

[0120] The inverter / converter unit 208 may further comprise a DC-DC converter configured to regulate voltage levels and ensure compatibility between various system components. In some cases, the DC-DC converter may be powered by Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors that provide high-speed and efficient power transfer between the battery system 104 and auxiliary systems. The GaN transistors may enable faster switching frequencies than conventional silicon transistors, allowing for more responsive voltage regulation and power distribution. The GaN-based DC-DC converter may minimize heat generation during power transfer operations due to the lower on-resistance and reduced switching losses of GaN transistors compared to silicon-based alternatives. The combination of SiC MOSFET inverter technology and GaN-based DC-DC converter technology within the power electronics may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to achieve high power efficiency, extended operational range, and reduced cooling requirements.

[0121] The charger 206 may include an ultra-fast charging system configured to reduce charging times and minimize downtime associated with energy replenishment. In some cases, the ultra-fast charging system may operate on a high-voltage architecture ranging from 400V to 1200V. The high-voltage architecture may facilitate ultra-fast direct current (DC) charging by enabling higher power transfer rates during charging operations. The elevated voltage levels of the high-voltage architecture may reduce current requirements for a given power level, which may decrease resistive losses in charging cables and connectors and enable more efficient energy transfer from charging infrastructure to the battery system 104.

[0122] The ultra-fast charging system may be compatible with charging stations supporting power output ranging from 350kW to 500kW. The compatibility with high-power charging stations may enable the battery system 104 to achieve a charge level from 0% to 80% in less than 15-20 minutes, depending on the power availability from the charging station and the state of the battery system 104. The rapid charging capability provided by the ultra-fast charging system may reduce the time required for energy replenishment during operational cycles, enhancing convenience for users and enabling more continuous operation of vehicles or equipment powered by the energy storage and management system 102.

[0123] The energy storage and management system 102 may include quantum charging capabilities that harness principles of quantum tunneling to enable near-instantaneous or instantaneous charging. Quantum tunneling may allow energy to be transferred directly at the molecular level, enabling rapid flow of electrical power that may exceed the charging speedsachievable through conventional energy transfer methods. The quantum charging approach may operate by transferring energy through quantum barriers in a manner that is not achievable with traditional physics-based charging methods that rely on electrical potential differences to move energy into the battery system 104. The quantum charging capabilities may reduce charging times by enabling energy transfer at rates that approach instantaneous power delivery, minimizing downtime and enhancing operational efficiency for applications where rapid turnaround between operational cycles is desired.

[0124] The charger 206 may include an onboard charger configured to support both standard and fast-charging capabilities. The onboard charger may be integrated within the energy storage and management system 102 to enhance overall efficiency by consolidating charging functionality within the system architecture. The integration of the onboard charger may optimize charging cycles and minimize downtime by enabling the energy storage and management system 102 to interface with diverse charging infrastructures without requiring external charging equipment. The onboard charger may provide compatibility with standard charging rates for overnight or extended charging periods, as well as fast-charging rates for rapid energy replenishment when time constraints require accelerated charging. In some cases, the onboard charger may incorporate quantum charging compatibility, providing a configuration that aligns with emerging technological advancements in charging infrastructure and enables the energy storage and management system 102 to utilize quantum charging capabilities when such charging infrastructure becomes available. The specific charging configurations, voltage levels, and power ratings described herein are exemplary and may be varied according to application requirements and available charging infrastructure.

[0125] The arrangement of components within the vehicle 200 as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 demonstrates the configurable component architecture of the energy storage and management system 102, with the battery system 104, the motor 204, the charger 206, and the inverter / converter unit 208 configured as integrated yet separable components to facilitate component replacement and system scalability. The configurable arrangement may allow for replacement or upgrading of individual components without requiring complete system replacement, enabling the vehicle 200 to incorporate technological advancements as such advancements become available.

[0126] The energy storage and management system 102 may be designed with a configurable component architecture that allows for replacing and scaling up configuration of different components. The configurable component architecture may enable individual components within the energy storage and management system 102, including the batterysystem 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, the Al-driven management unit 112, and the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, to be removed, replaced, or upgraded without requiring replacement of the entire system. In vehicle applications, the motor 204, the charger 206, and the inverter / converter unit 208 may also be configured as discrete components that can be removed, replaced, or upgraded. The standardized interfaces may comprise electrical connectors for power and signal transmission, mechanical mounting points for secure component attachment, and communication protocols for data exchange between components, enabling interoperability and facilitating component replacement without requiring system-wide modifications. The configurable design approach may extend the operational lifecycle of the energy storage and management system 102 by allowing worn or outdated components to be exchanged for new or improved versions while retaining functional components that remain in acceptable condition. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configurable component architecture described herein may be implemented in various configurations, and the specific component arrangements and interconnections may be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0127] The modular architecture may allow for customizable upgrades that enable users to modify the energy storage and management system 102 to meet specific performance requirements or operational preferences. The customizable upgrade capability may permit users to select from various component options when replacing or enhancing system elements, allowing the energy storage and management system 102 to be tailored to particular applications or use cases. The customizable upgrades may include options for different battery cell chemistries within the battery system 104, thermal management configurations within the dual thermal management unit 124 including the cryogenic cooling unit 126 and the PCM unit 128, sensor arrays within the sensors 114, or power electronics within the inverter / converter unit 208 that provide varying performance characteristics suited to different operational demands.

[0128] The modular architecture may be adaptable to future advancements in energy storage and management technology. The adaptability of the modular architecture may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to incorporate new technologies as such technologies become available, without requiring complete system replacement. The modular design may accommodate components that utilize emerging battery chemistries within the quantum dot cells 106 or supercapacitors 108, advanced thermal management materials within the separators 110 or the PCM unit 128, improved power electronics within the inverter / converter unit 208, or enhanced sensor technologies within the sensors 114 that maybe developed after initial deployment of the energy storage and management system 102. The adaptability to future advancements may extend the useful service life of the energy storage and management system 102 by enabling incremental technology updates rather than requiring wholesale system replacement to access improved capabilities.

[0129] The Al-driven management unit 112 may be configured to perform a self-healing function that reduces the need for complete replacement of battery modules or other system components within the battery system 104. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may detect degradation or reduced performance in individual battery cells or cell groups within the quantum dot cells 106 or supercapacitors 108. Upon detecting degraded cells, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may reallocate power away from the degraded cells to optimize system longevity. The reallocation of power away from degraded cells may reduce stress on weakened cells while maintaining overall system performance through increased utilization of cells that remain in acceptable condition. The self-healing function may extend the operational lifespan of the battery system 104 by preventing continued degradation of weakened cells while maximizing the contribution of healthy cells to overall energy storage and delivery capacity.

[0130] The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may perform the self-healing function by identifying cells or cell groups exhibiting signs of degradation based on data collected from battery health monitoring sensors within the sensors 114. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may analyze voltage, current, temperature, and internal resistance measurements to identify cells that are performing below acceptable thresholds. When degraded cells are identified, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may adjust power routing to bypass or reduce loading on the degraded cells, directing energy flow through cells that maintain acceptable performance characteristics. The self-healing function may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to continue operating at reduced but functional capacity even when some cells have degraded, rather than requiring immediate replacement of entire battery modules.

[0131] The modular architecture may include quick-release mechanisms for replacing stators, rotors, and cooling systems. The quick-release mechanisms may enable efficient and user-friendly replacement of components without requiring specialized tools or extensive disassembly procedures. The quick-release mechanisms may comprise latches, clips, connectors, or fastening systems that allow components to be detached from the energy storage and management system 102 through simple manual operations. The quick-releasemechanisms may reduce the time required for component replacement, minimizing downtime during maintenance or upgrade operations.

[0132] The quick-release mechanisms for stators and rotors may facilitate replacement of motor 204 components when such components experience wear or when upgraded motor components become available. The quick-release mechanisms for cooling systems may enable replacement of thermal management components within the dual thermal management unit 124, including cooling plates, heat exchangers, fluid circulation components, or phase-change material modules within the PCM unit 128. The ability to replace cooling system components through quick-release mechanisms may allow users to upgrade thermal management capabilities or replace worn cooling components without requiring extensive disassembly of the energy storage and management system 102.

[0133] The modular architecture may support the integration of alternative energy sources that supplement or extend the energy storage capabilities of the energy storage and management system 102. The support for alternative energy sources may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to capture and utilize energy from multiple sources beyond the primary battery system 104, enhancing overall energy availability and operational range.

[0134] The configurable component architecture may support integration of solar panels that convert solar radiation into electrical energy for storage in the battery system 104 or direct use by system components. Solar panels may be mounted on vehicles 200, equipment, or structures incorporating the energy storage and management system 102 to provide supplemental charging during daylight hours. The integration of solar panels may extend operational range by providing continuous low-level charging that offsets energy consumption during operation.

[0135] The configurable component architecture may support integration of regenerative braking modules within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 that capture kinetic energy during deceleration and convert the captured kinetic energy into electrical energy for storage in the battery system 104. Regenerative braking modules may recover energy that would otherwise be dissipated as heat during braking operations, improving overall energy efficiency of vehicles 200 or equipment incorporating the energy storage and management system 102.

[0136] The configurable component architecture may support integration of thermoelectric generators within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 that convert temperature differentials into electrical energy. Thermoelectric generators may capture waste heat from the motor 204, the inverter / converter unit 208, or other heat-generating componentsand convert the captured thermal energy into electrical power for storage in the battery system 104 or use by auxiliary systems.

[0137] The configurable component architecture may support integration of hydrogen fuel cells that generate electrical energy through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen fuel cells may provide extended range by generating electrical energy from hydrogen fuel stored in tanks or cartridges, supplementing the energy storage capacity of the battery system 104.

[0138] The configurable component architecture may support integration of wind energy modules that convert wind energy into electrical energy. Wind energy modules may include small turbines or other wind capture devices that generate electrical power during operation or when the energy storage and management system 102 is stationary in windy conditions.

[0139] The configurable component architecture may support integration of battery swapping modules that enable rapid exchange of depleted battery modules for fully charged battery modules within the battery system 104. Battery swapping modules may provide an alternative to conventional charging through the charger 206 by allowing users to exchange battery modules at swapping stations, reducing the time required for energy replenishment compared to charging operations. The battery swapping function may enable continuous operation of vehicles 200 or equipment by eliminating wait times associated with charging cycles. The foregoing descriptions of alternative energy sources and integration options are illustrative and not restrictive, and other energy sources or integration approaches may be employed in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0140] While FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 illustrate the energy storage and management system 102 integrated within a motorcycle configuration, the energy storage and management system 102 may be implemented in other vehicle types and applications. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within electric automobiles, where the mounting frame 202 may be configured to position the battery system 104 within a floor pan or chassis structure of the automobile. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within drones or unmanned aerial vehicles, where the mounting frame 202 may be configured to secure the battery system 104 within a fuselage or airframe structure while optimizing weight distribution for flight stability. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within robotic systems, where the mounting frame 202 may be configured to position the battery system 104 within a robot chassis or body structure. In some cases, the energy storage and management system 102 may be integrated within marine vessels, industrial equipment, or stationary energy storageinstallations, with the mounting frame 202 and component arrangement adapted to the specific requirements of each application. The specific vehicle configurations and component arrangements described herein are exemplary, and the energy storage and management system 102 may be adapted for use in other applications and configurations without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 1, the interactions between the various components of the energy storage and management system 102 are described in detail. The coordinated operation of the battery system 104, the Al-driven management unit 112, the dual thermal management unit 124, the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, and the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may enable the system 100 to achieve intelligent power management, optimized energy utilization, enhanced thermal regulation, efficient energy recovery, and comprehensive security monitoring. The following paragraphs describe how information may flow between these components to perform the various operations of the energy storage and management system 102.

[0142] The battery system 104 and the Al-driven management unit 112 may operate in coordination to achieve intelligent power management and optimized energy utilization. The sensors 114 within the Al-driven management unit 112 may collect real-time data from throughout the battery system 104, including measurements of individual cell voltages, temperatures, current flow, and state of charge. The sensors 114 may transmit this collected data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 through internal communication pathways. Based on the sensor data received from the sensors 114, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may adjust power distribution across the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108 to balance energy delivery with storage capacity. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may direct high-power demands to the supercapacitors 108, which may provide rapid energy discharge capabilities, while directing sustained energy requirements to the quantum dot cells 106, which may provide high energy density storage. This coordination between the battery system 104 and the Al-driven management unit 112 may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to respond dynamically to varying load conditions, allocating energy resources based on real-time operational demands rather than static predetermined parameters. The technical advantage of this coordinated operation may be that the energy storage and management system 102 can simultaneously optimize for both high energy density and rapid power delivery, addressing the fundamental limitation of conventional energy storage systems that cannot achieve both characteristics within a unified architecture.

[0143] The dual thermal management unit 124 may interact with the battery system 104 and the Al-driven management unit 112 to maintain thermal conditions within acceptable operating ranges during charging and discharging operations. The sensors 114 within the AI-driven management unit 112 may monitor temperature readings from battery cells within the battery system 104 and from thermal management components within the dual thermal management unit 124. The sensors 114 may transmit this temperature data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, which may process the data to determine appropriate thermal management responses. When temperature readings indicate elevated thermal conditions within the battery system 104, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may transmit control signals to activate the cryogenic cooling unit 126, which may provide rapid temperature reduction through cryogenic fluid circulation. During normal operating conditions with moderate heat generation, the PCM unit 128 may absorb excess thermal energy passively through phase-change material, maintaining stable temperatures without requiring active cooling energy expenditure. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may coordinate transitions between active cryogenic cooling provided by the cryogenic cooling unit 126 and passive phase-change material cooling provided by the PCM unit 128 based on thermal load conditions detected by the sensors 114. This coordinated thermal management approach may provide the technical advantage of optimizing cooling efficiency while minimizing energy consumption by the dual thermal management unit 124, thereby extending operational range and reducing the accelerated cell degradation that may occur in conventional systems with inadequate thermal management.

[0144] The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may interact with the battery system 104 and the Al-driven management unit 112 to capture waste energy and direct the captured energy to appropriate storage or utilization destinations. The thermoelectric generators within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may generate electrical energy from temperature differentials present in heat-generating components throughout the energy storage and management system 102. The suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms within the multisource energy recycling unit 130 may generate electrical energy during vehicle motion or vibration. The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may transmit the recovered electrical energy to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, which may determine the appropriate destination for the recovered energy based on current system demands and battery state of charge data received from the sensors 114. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may direct the recovered energy to the battery system 104 for storage in the quantum dot cells 106 or the supercapacitors 108, or may route the recovered energy to auxiliary systemsfor immediate use. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may prioritize energy recovery when the battery system 104 has available storage capacity and may reduce energy recovery operations when the battery system 104 approaches full charge to prevent overcharging conditions. This multi-source energy recycling approach may provide the technical advantage of capturing and converting waste energy from various sources that would otherwise be dissipated, thereby extending operational range and improving overall system efficiency beyond the incremental improvements offered by existing regenerative braking systems alone.

[0145] The Al-driven management unit 112 may coordinate interactions between the dual thermal management unit 124 and the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 to optimize overall system efficiency. Heat generated by the battery system 104 during high-power discharge operations may be detected by the sensors 114 and captured by the thermoelectric generators within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, converting thermal waste into usable electrical energy. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may receive temperature data from the sensors 114 and energy recovery data from the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, enabling the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to balance thermal management priorities with energy recovery opportunities. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may activate the cryogenic cooling unit 126 or the PCM unit 128 when temperatures approach limits that could affect battery performance or safety, while allowing moderate temperature elevations that may enable effective thermoelectric energy recovery by the multi-source energy recycling unit 130. This coordination between thermal management and energy recycling may provide the technical advantage of extracting value from waste heat while maintaining the battery system 104 within acceptable thermal operating conditions, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and extending operational range.

[0146] The fault-detection unit 120 within the Al-driven management unit 112 may interact with the battery system 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, and the multisource energy recycling unit 130 to identify and isolate malfunctioning components. The faultdetection unit 120 may receive sensor data from the sensors 114 distributed throughout the energy storage and management system 102 and may monitor this data to detect anomalies indicative of component degradation or failure. When the fault-detection unit 120 identifies a malfunctioning battery cell within the battery system 104, the fault-detection unit 120 may transmit fault information to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, which may reallocate power routing away from the affected cell within the quantum dot cells 106 or the supercapacitors 108. This isolation may prevent cascading failures while maintaining systemoperation through remaining functional cells. When the fault-detection unit 120 detects anomalies in thermal management components within the dual thermal management unit 124, the fault-detection unit 120 may trigger activation of backup cooling mechanisms or may transmit alerts to operators through the transceiver 116 to schedule maintenance. The faultdetection unit 120 may also monitor energy recycling components within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, disabling malfunctioning thermoelectric generators or kinetic recovery mechanisms to prevent electrical faults from affecting the broader system. This fault detection and isolation capability may provide the technical advantage of minimizing the risk of systemic damage and ensuring uninterrupted performance of unaffected components, thereby enhancing overall system reliability and safety.

[0147] The theft prevention and tracking system 140 may interact with the Al-driven management unit 112 to provide integrated security monitoring and response capabilities. The tamper detection sensors 142 within the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may continuously monitor for physical interference or unauthorized manipulation and may transmit sensor readings to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may analyze the sensor readings from the tamper detection sensors 142 to distinguish between normal operational vibrations and patterns indicative of tampering attempts. When the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 determines that a security event has occurred based on tamper detection sensor data, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may transmit activation signals to the GPS tracking module 144 to determine the geographic location of the energy storage and management system 102. The AI-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may also transmit alerts to operators through the transceiver 116 via the network 154 to the user device 150 and the server 152. Additionally, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may coordinate activation of the secure locking mechanism 148 through the remote access controller 146 to disable power output from the battery system 104 when unauthorized access is detected. This integrated security monitoring may provide the technical advantage of enabling real-time detection, tracking, notification, and disabling capabilities that protect the energy storage and management system 102 from theft or unauthorized usage.

[0148] The battery system 104 may interact with the theft prevention and tracking system 140 through the secure locking mechanism 148, which may control power output from the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108. When the secure locking mechanism 148 is activated in response to a security event detected by the tamper detection sensors 142 or a remote command received through the remote access controller 146, the secure lockingmechanism 148 may interrupt power delivery pathways between the battery system 104 and external loads, preventing unauthorized utilization of stored energy. The secure locking mechanism 148 may also prevent charging operations when activated, ensuring that unauthorized parties cannot replenish energy in the battery system 104. The interaction between the battery system 104 and the theft prevention and tracking system 140 may provide the technical advantage of enabling comprehensive security control over both energy delivery and energy replenishment functions, thereby protecting the valuable energy storage assets within the energy storage and management system 102.

[0149] The Al-driven management unit 112 may coordinate predictive maintenance functions across the battery system 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, and the multisource energy recycling unit 130. The predictive maintenance sensors within the sensors 114 may collect data on component wear rates, performance degradation patterns, and operational cycle counts from throughout the energy storage and management system 102. The sensors 114 may transmit this collected data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118, which may analyze the data to forecast potential failures in battery cells within the battery system 104, thermal management components within the dual thermal management unit 124, or energy recycling mechanisms within the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 before such failures occur. Based on predictive analysis, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may generate maintenance recommendations that may be transmitted to operators through the transceiver 116 via the network 154 to the user device 150 and the server 152, enabling proactive scheduling of component replacement or servicing. This predictive maintenance coordination may provide the technical advantage of extending the operational lifespan of the energy storage and management system 102 by enabling timely interventions that address degradation before component failures compromise system performance or safety, thereby reducing unexpected downtime and maintenance costs.

[0150] The Al-driven management unit 112 may perform a self-healing function in coordination with the battery system 104 to extend operational lifespan without requiring immediate component replacement. The battery health monitoring sensors within the sensors 114 may detect degradation in individual cells within the quantum dot cells 106 or the supercapacitors 108 and may transmit this degradation data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118. Upon receiving data indicating cell degradation, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may execute the self-healing function to reallocate power routing within the battery system 104. The self-healing function may reduce loading on degraded cells while increasing utilization of cells that maintain acceptable performance characteristics,enabling continued system operation at functional capacity. The self-healing function performed by the Al-driven management unit 112 may provide the technical advantage of enabling the energy storage and management system 102 to adapt to gradual cell degradation over time, maintaining operational function while scheduling replacement of degraded battery modules during convenient maintenance windows rather than requiring immediate emergency replacement. This function may address the limitation of conventional systems that require complete replacement of battery modules when individual cells degrade, thereby extending the useful service life of the battery system 104 and reducing overall maintenance costs.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 6, a method 600 for energy storage and management using quantum dot cells with Al-driven monitoring and control is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The method 600 may be performed by the energy storage and management system 102 described with reference to FIG. 1 through FIG. 5. The method 600 illustrates a sequential flow of operations from initial energy storage provision through data collection, Al-driven processing, thermal management, and system reconfiguration, demonstrating the adaptive and modular nature of the energy storage and management approach.

[0152] The method 600 may start at step 602. At step 602, the battery system 104 may provide quantum dot cells 106 for energy storage and release. The quantum dot cells 106 may be configured to store and release electrical energy through quantum dot technology, which enables high energy efficiency and scalability. The quantum dot cells 106 may be integrated with supercapacitors 108 to enable both high energy density storage and rapid power delivery. The supercapacitors 108 integrated with the quantum dot cells 106 may be graphene supercapacitors that provide conductivity, high surface area, and charge-discharge rates. In some cases, the supercapacitors 108 may be cadmium-based, lead-based, indium-based, perovskite, or silicon supercapacitors. The quantum dot cells 106 may enable storing and releasing of energy that is near-instantaneous, providing rapid energy transfer for applications requiring quick bursts of energy or consistent high-demand power delivery.

[0153] At step 604, the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may capture waste energy from various sources. The multi-source energy recycling unit 130 may comprise thermoelectric generators configured to convert waste heat into usable energy. The thermoelectric generators may utilize advanced materials to capture thermal gradients that are often a byproduct of energy-intensive processes within the energy storage and management system 102. The multisource energy recycling unit 130 may also comprise suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms configured to harvest mechanical energy during movement. The step 604 mayextend beyond traditional regenerative braking technology by incorporating multiple energy recovery mechanisms that harvest energy from sources that would otherwise be dissipated as waste.

[0154] At step 606, the sensors 114 may collect real-time data from throughout the energy storage and management system 102. The sensors 114 may comprise environmental condition sensors configured to measure external factors including temperature, humidity, pressure, and other atmospheric variables. The sensors 114 may comprise rider behavior sensors configured to monitor inputs including acceleration patterns, braking intensity, and directional changes. The sensors 114 may comprise battery health monitoring sensors configured to continuously assess the condition of energy storage units, including parameters such as individual cell voltages, charge levels, internal resistance, and temperature gradients across battery modules within the battery system 104. The sensors 114 may also comprise performance metric sensors, energy optimization sensors, safety monitoring sensors, and predictive maintenance sensors.

[0155] At step 608, the transceiver 116 may transmit the collected data to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118. The transceiver 116 may enable wireless communication for data transmission and reception between the Al-driven management unit 112 and external components. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may receive the collected sensor data through internal communication pathways. The transmission of collected data at step 608 may enable centralized processing of sensor information from throughout the energy storage and management system 102 for coordinated system control.

[0156] With continued reference to FIG. 6, at step 610, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may process the data and control the quantum dot cells 106 based on determined optimal operating parameters. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may analyze the collected data to identify current operating conditions, energy demands, and system status. Based on the analysis, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may determine operating parameters that optimize energy storage, power delivery, and system efficiency. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may adjust power distribution based on real-time data from the sensors 114, dynamically responding to changes in operating environments such as fluctuating temperatures, varying energy demands, or evolving safety requirements. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may also monitor real-time health metrics of energy components and forecast potential failures based on historical data. In some cases, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may alert users via a connected mobile application when anomalies or potential issues are detected.

[0157] At step 612, the dual thermal management unit 124 may implement dynamic temperature control. The cryogenic cooling unit 126 may provide rapid temperature reduction during high-demand scenarios or peak operational periods. The cryogenic cooling unit 126 may utilize cryogenic fluid to achieve swift temperature lowering when thermal spikes occur, preventing overheating and maintaining the battery system 104 within an acceptable thermal range. The PCM unit 128 may provide passive heat absorption and temperature regulation within a specified range. The PCM unit 128 may absorb excess heat generated during operation and release stored thermal energy when temperatures decrease, thereby stabilizing the thermal environment of the battery system 104 without requiring continuous active cooling. In some cases, the phase-change material in the PCM unit 128 may comprise organic PCMs, inorganic PCMs, metallic PCMs, composite PCMs, or hybrid PCMs. In some cases, the dual thermal management unit 124 may further comprise air cooling, liquid cooling, refrigerant-based cooling, heat pipes and vapor chambers, or thermoelectric cooling.

[0158] At step 614, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may monitor system performance and capacity requirements. The sensors 114 may track energy consumption rates, power output levels, thermal conditions, battery state of charge, and component health metrics. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may assess whether the current system configuration meets operational demands based on the data received from the sensors 114. The monitoring at step 614 may be performed continuously during operation of the energy storage and management system 102 to enable real-time assessment of system status and identification of changing operational requirements.

[0159] At step 616, the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may identify a need for reconfiguration of the energy storage and management system 102 based on the monitored performance and capacity requirements. The fault-detection unit 120 may continuously monitor the performance of individual components within the energy storage and management system 102 to identify anomalies or malfunctions in real time. The identification at step 616 may occur when monitored parameters indicate that the current system configuration is insufficient to meet operational demands, when component degradation reduces system capacity below acceptable thresholds, or when operational requirements change to require different performance characteristics. The identification at step 616 may also occur when new technologies become available that could enhance system performance if integrated into the modular architecture.

[0160] At step 618, the configuration of the energy storage and management system 102 may be modified by replacing or scaling components to meet the identified need. Themodification at step 618 may include replacing degraded battery modules within the quantum dot cells 106 or supercapacitors 108, upgrading thermal management components within the cryogenic cooling unit 126 or the PCM unit 128, adding additional battery capacity to increase energy storage, or integrating alternative energy sources such as solar panels, regenerative braking modules, thermoelectric generators, hydrogen fuel cells, wind energy modules, or battery swapping modules. The configurable component architecture may allow for customizable upgrades and adaptability to future advancements. In some cases, the Al-driven management unit 112 may perform a self-healing function to reallocate power away from degraded cells within the battery system 104 to optimize system longevity. The configurable component architecture may include quick-release mechanisms for replacing stators, rotors, and cooling systems, enabling component replacement without requiring extensive disassembly procedures.

[0161] The method 600 may be performed iteratively, with steps 606 through 618 repeating continuously during operation of the energy storage and management system 102.The continuous iteration of the method 600 may enable the energy storage and management system 102 to adapt to changing operational conditions, maintain performance within acceptable parameters, and evolve over time through component upgrades and configuration modifications. The method 600 may also include theft prevention with the tamper detection sensors 142 and remote access capabilities through the remote access controller 146, enabling security monitoring and response throughout the energy storage and management operations. It should be understood that the steps and sequences described in the method 600 are illustrative, and the order of steps may be varied, steps may be combined or separated, and additional steps may be included in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 7, a method 700 for predictive maintenance and health monitoring is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The method 700 may be performed by the Al-driven management unit 112 in coordination with the sensors 114 distributed throughout the energy storage and management system 102. The method 700 illustrates a sequential process that leverages Al-driven analysis of real-time sensor data to anticipate and address potential system failures before such failures escalate, thereby minimizing the risk of unexpected downtime and reducing maintenance costs through timely preventive interventions.

[0163] The method 700 may start at step 702. At step 702, real-time health data may be collected from the sensors 114 distributed throughout the energy storage and managementsystem 102. The sensors 114 may collect health data from the battery system 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, and other components within the energy storage and management system 102. The health data collected at step 702 may include measurements of individual cell voltages, temperatures, current flow, internal resistance, charge levels, and temperature gradients across battery modules within the battery system 104. The health data may also include operational parameters from thermal management components, energy recycling mechanisms, and power electronics. The collection of real-time health data at step 702 may be performed continuously during operation of the energy storage and management system 102 to enable ongoing assessment of component conditions.

[0164] At step 704, the collected health data may be analyzed using Al algorithms within the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118. The Al algorithms may process the health data received from the sensors 114 to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies that may indicate component degradation or potential failure conditions. The Al algorithms may compare current health data against historical data to detect deviations from expected performance characteristics. The Al algorithms may also correlate data from multiple sensors 114 to identify relationships between operating conditions and component health that may not be apparent from individual sensor readings alone. The analysis at step 704 may enable the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to develop a comprehensive understanding of component health status across the energy storage and management system 102.

[0165] At step 706, key performance metrics may be evaluated based on the Al algorithm analysis performed at step 704. The performance metrics evaluated at step 706 may include temperature fluctuations within the battery system 104 and the dual thermal management unit 124, energy output consistency from the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108, and other operational parameters that indicate component health and performance. The evaluation at step 706 may assess whether performance metrics fall within acceptable ranges established for normal operation. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may compare evaluated performance metrics against threshold values to determine whether component performance is degrading or approaching conditions that may lead to failure.

[0166] At step 708, early signs of wear or potential failures may be detected based on the evaluated performance metrics from step 706. The detection at step 708 may identify components within the battery system 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, or the multisource energy recycling unit 130 that exhibit performance degradation indicative of wear or impending failure. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may detect early signsof wear by identifying gradual changes in performance metrics over time, such as increasing internal resistance in battery cells, decreasing thermal management efficiency, or reduced energy recovery rates. The detection at step 708 may also identify abnormal performance patterns that may signal potential failures, such as sudden changes in cell voltage, unexpected temperature spikes, or irregular energy output. The early detection capability at step 708 may enable identification of issues in their infancy before such issues escalate into failures that could compromise system performance or safety.

[0167] At step 710, alerts may be transmitted to the user device 150 and the server 152 upon detection of anomalies or potential issues at step 708. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may generate alert notifications that describe the detected condition, the affected component, and the severity of the potential issue. The transceiver 116 may transmit the alert notifications through the network 154 to the user device 150 and the server 152. The alerts transmitted at step 710 may enable operators to be informed promptly of detected conditions, allowing operators to take actions to maintain system integrity. The alert notifications may be delivered through a connected mobile application on the user device 150, enabling operators to receive real-time information regarding system health status regardless of their physical location relative to the energy storage and management system 102.

[0168] At step 712, maintenance recommendations may be generated based on the analysis and detected issues from the preceding steps. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may generate maintenance recommendations that specify actions to address the detected conditions, such as scheduling component replacement, adjusting operational settings, or performing preventive servicing. The maintenance recommendations generated at step 712 may include information regarding the urgency of recommended actions, estimated time until potential failure if maintenance is not performed, and suggested maintenance procedures. The maintenance recommendations may enable operators to take proactive measures to address identified issues before such issues escalate into failures that could cause unexpected downtime or require emergency repairs. The maintenance recommendations may be transmitted to operators through the user device 150 and the server 152 along with the alerts generated at step 710, providing operators with actionable information for maintaining the energy storage and management system 102.

[0169] Referring to FIG. 8, a method 800 for monitoring and securing the energy storage and management system 102 against tampering or unauthorized movement is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The method 800 may be performed by the theft prevention and tracking system 140 in coordination with the Al-drivenmanagement unit 112. The method 800 illustrates a sequence of operations for theft prevention and tracking, including decision-making criteria for activating security measures and steps for remote system management when unauthorized access is detected.

[0170] The method 800 may start at step 802. At step 802, the tamper detection sensors 142 may monitor for physical interference with the energy storage and management system 102. The tamper detection sensors 142 may be strategically positioned throughout the energy storage and management system 102 to detect attempts to access, remove, or modify components without authorization. The monitoring at step 802 may include detection of vibration patterns indicative of tampering, changes in enclosure integrity, removal of fasteners, or displacement of components from their installed positions. The tamper detection sensors 142 may continuously collect sensor readings and transmit the sensor readings to the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 for analysis. The monitoring at step 802 may be performed continuously during operation of the energy storage and management system 102 to enable real-time detection of potential security events.

[0171] At step 804, a determination may be made as to whether tampering or unauthorized movement is detected. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may analyze the sensor readings received from the tamper detection sensors 142 to distinguish between normal operational conditions and patterns indicative of tampering attempts. The determination at step 804 may involve comparing current sensor readings against baseline values established during normal operation to identify deviations that may indicate unauthorized access or movement. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may apply pattern recognition algorithms to identify tampering attempts that may not trigger simple threshold-based detection, such as gradual manipulation or sophisticated intrusion techniques. If tampering or unauthorized movement is detected at step 804, the method 800 may proceed to step 806. If no tampering or unauthorized movement is detected at step 804, the method 800 may proceed to step 812.

[0172] At step 806, the GPS tracking module 144 may be activated to pinpoint the location of the energy storage and management system 102. The activation of the GPS tracking module 144 at step 806 may occur in response to the determination at step 804 that tampering or unauthorized movement has been detected. The GPS tracking module 144 may receive signals from global positioning satellites to calculate position coordinates of the energy storage and management system 102. The GPS tracking module 144 may determine geographic location with sufficient precision to enable operators to locate the energy storage and management system 102 when security events occur. The activation at step 806 may enable real-timetracking of the energy storage and management system 102 as the energy storage and management system 102 is moved from its authorized location.

[0173] At step 808, location data may be transmitted to the server 152 via the network 154. The GPS tracking module 144 may provide location coordinates to the transceiver 116, which may transmit the location data through the network 154 to the server 152. The transmission at step 808 may enable operators to track the position of the energy storage and management system 102 in real time through the user device 150 or other monitoring interfaces connected to the server 152. The location data transmitted at step 808 may include current position coordinates, movement direction, speed of movement, and timestamps associated with position readings. The server 152 may store the received location data to provide a historical record of the movement of the energy storage and management system 102 following the detected security event.

[0174] At step 810, the energy storage and management system 102 may be remotely disabled using the secure locking mechanism 148. The remote access controller 146 may receive commands from the server 152 or the user device 150 through the network 154 to activate the secure locking mechanism 148. When activated, the secure locking mechanism 148 may interrupt power delivery pathways between the battery system 104 and external loads, preventing unauthorized utilization of stored energy within the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108. The secure locking mechanism 148 may also prevent charging operations when activated, ensuring that unauthorized parties cannot replenish energy in the battery system 104. The remote disabling at step 810 may prevent unauthorized usage of the energy storage and management system 102 and may deter theft by rendering the energy storage and management system 102 inoperable without proper authorization credentials.

[0175] At step 812, continuous monitoring may be maintained when no tampering or unauthorized movement is detected at step 804. The method 800 may return to step 802 to continue monitoring for physical interference through the tamper detection sensors 142. The continuous monitoring at step 812 may ensure that the theft prevention and tracking system 140 remains vigilant for potential security events throughout the operational life of the energy storage and management system 102. The continuous monitoring may enable the method 800 to detect security events that may occur at any time during operation or storage of the energy storage and management system 102.

[0176] The method 800 may be performed iteratively, with the tamper detection sensors 142 continuously monitoring for physical interference and the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 continuously analyzing sensor readings to detect potential security events.The iterative performance of the method 800 may provide ongoing security protection for the energy storage and management system 102 against theft or unauthorized access attempts. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the security methods and mechanisms described herein may be modified or supplemented with additional security features without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0177] Referring to FIG. 9, a method 900 for Al-driven power management in an electric vehicle is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The method 900 may be performed by the Al-driven management unit 112 in coordination with the sensors 114 and the battery system 104 within the energy storage and management system 102. The method 900 illustrates a sequential process where sensor data collection leads to Al-driven analysis, which in turn enables dynamic power management, thermal regulation, and energy optimization. The structured approach of the method 900 may allow the energy storage and management system 102 to adapt to varying conditions while maintaining efficient operation and extending the operational capabilities of the vehicle 200.

[0178] The method 900 may start at step 902. At step 902, data may be collected from the sensors 114 distributed throughout the energy storage and management system 102. The sensors 114 may collect data from the battery system 104, the dual thermal management unit 124, the multi-source energy recycling unit 130, and other components within the energy storage and management system 102. The data collected at step 902 may include measurements of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure surrounding the energy storage and management system 102. The data collected at step 902 may also include performance metrics such as power output, efficiency rates, thermal performance, and energy consumption rates. The sensors 114 may collect battery health data including individual cell voltages, charge levels, internal resistance, and temperature gradients across battery modules within the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108. The collection of sensor data at step 902 may be performed continuously during operation of the energy storage and management system 102 to enable real-time assessment of system status and operating conditions.

[0179] At step 904, rider behavior data may be collected from the sensors 114. The rider behavior sensors within the sensors 114 may monitor inputs including acceleration patterns, braking intensity, and directional changes. The rider behavior data collected at step 904 may include throttle position, steering angle, braking force application, and acceleration magnitude. The rider behavior data may provide insights into user habits and energy demand by tracking how operators interact with the vehicle 200 powered by the energy storage and managementsystem 102. The collection of rider behavior data at step 904 may enable the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to predict power needs based on observed operator behavior patterns. The rider behavior data may also enable the energy storage and management system 102 to tailor power delivery for specific use cases, such as sudden bursts of acceleration or prolonged periods of steady operation.

[0180] At step 906, the collected sensor data from step 902 and the rider behavior data from step 904 may be fused and analyzed using Al algorithms within the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118. The Al algorithms may process the combined data to develop a comprehensive understanding of current operating conditions and user demands. The data fusion at step 906 may integrate inputs from multiple sensor sources to enable comprehensive decision-making for improved system performance. The Al algorithms may correlate environmental condition data with rider behavior data to identify relationships between external factors and operator actions that may affect energy demands. The Al algorithms may also analyze performance metric data in conjunction with battery health data to assess the current state of the energy storage and management system 102 and determine appropriate responses to observed conditions. The analysis at step 906 may enable the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 to make informed decisions regarding power distribution, thermal management, and energy optimization based on the fused data from multiple sources.

[0181] With continued reference to FIG. 9, at step 908, power distribution may be dynamically adjusted based on the analysis performed at step 906. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may adjust power distribution across the quantum dot cells 106 and the supercapacitors 108 to meet real-time operational requirements identified through the data fusion and analysis. The dynamic adjustment at step 908 may ensure that energy is allocated appropriately across various system components including the motor 204, auxiliary systems, and the battery system 104. The Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may direct high-power demands to the supercapacitors 108, which may provide rapid energy discharge capabilities, while directing sustained energy requirements to the quantum dot cells 106, which may provide high energy density storage. The dynamic power distribution adjustment at step 908 may respond to changes in rider behavior detected at step 904, such as sudden acceleration requests or braking events, by reallocating energy resources to meet the changing demands. The adjustment at step 908 may also respond to environmental conditions detected at step 902, such as temperature changes that may affect battery performance or efficiency.

[0182] At step 910, battery health and temperature regulation may be maintained. The AI-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may monitor battery health metrics received fromthe battery health monitoring sensors within the sensors 114 and may implement control actions to maintain the battery system 104 within acceptable operating parameters. The temperature regulation at step 910 may involve coordination with the dual thermal management unit 124 to activate the cryogenic cooling unit 126 when temperatures approach limits that could affect battery performance or safety. The temperature regulation at step 910 may also involve utilization of the PCM unit 128 for passive heat absorption during normal operating conditions. The battery health maintenance at step 910 may include activation of the self-healing mechanism to reallocate power away from degraded cells within the quantum dot cells 106 or the supercapacitors 108 when cell degradation is detected. The maintenance of battery health and temperature regulation at step 910 may ensure stable operating parameters and prolonged battery lifespan by preventing thermal damage and managing cell degradation.

[0183] At step 912, energy flow may be optimized to extend operational range. The AI-driven monitoring and controlling unit 118 may balance energy input and output to maximize efficiency and minimize waste within the energy storage and management system 102. The optimization at step 912 may involve directing recovered energy from the multi-source energy recycling unit 130 to the battery system 104 for storage or to system components for immediate use based on current energy demands. The energy flow optimization at step 912 may reduce parasitic losses by minimizing energy transfer through inefficient pathways and by timing energy recovery operations to coincide with periods when the battery system 104 has available storage capacity. The optimization at step 912 may also involve adjusting power delivery to the motor 204 based on rider behavior patterns identified at step 904 to reduce energy consumption during periods of steady operation while maintaining responsiveness during acceleration events. The energy flow optimization at step 912 may enhance the overall performance and range of the vehicle 200 by ensuring that energy resources are utilized efficiently throughout operation.

[0184] The energy storage and management system provides advantages over conventional energy storage systems through the integration of multiple technologies within a unified architecture. Conventional energy storage systems in electric vehicles, drones, robotics, and other technologies often rely on singular battery technologies that optimize for either high energy density or rapid power delivery, but not both characteristics simultaneously. The hybrid battery architecture combining quantum dot cells with supercapacitors addresses this limitation by enabling the energy storage and management system to achieve both high energy density for extended operational range and rapid power delivery for high-demand scenarios within a single integrated system. The quantum dot cells provide energy storage with high energydensity characteristics that support sustained power delivery over extended operational periods, while the supercapacitors provide rapid, intense power bursts when required for acceleration events or peak demand situations. This hybrid approach enables the energy storage and management system to respond to varying load conditions by directing energy from the appropriate storage component based on the nature of the demand, rather than compromising between energy density and power delivery as occurs in conventional single battery technology systems. The advantages described herein are illustrative and not exhaustive, and other advantages may be realized in various embodiments and applications.

[0185] Conventional battery management systems typically operate using static predetermined parameters that do not adapt to changing operational conditions, environmental factors, or user behavior patterns. The Al-driven management unit provides adaptive optimization capabilities that extend beyond standard battery management system functionality by continuously monitoring real-time data from sensors distributed throughout the energy storage and management system and dynamically adjusting power distribution based on current conditions. The Al-driven management unit may analyze environmental conditions, rider behavior, performance metrics, and battery health data to make informed decisions regarding energy allocation that optimize for efficiency, performance, and component longevity. The predictive analytics capabilities of the Al-driven management unit enable forecasting of potential component failures based on historical data and real-time health metrics, allowing for proactive maintenance interventions that reduce unexpected downtime and maintenance costs. Conventional battery management systems lack the ability to learn from operational patterns and adapt control strategies accordingly, whereas the Al-driven management unit may continuously refine power distribution strategies based on observed trends and correlations between operating conditions and system performance.

[0186] Conventional energy storage systems often rely on basic passive air cooling mechanisms that provide limited thermal management capability during high-load conditions or rapid charging operations. The dual thermal management system provides advantages over basic passive air cooling by combining active cryogenic cooling for rapid temperature reduction with phase-change material cooling for passive heat absorption. The cryogenic cooling capability enables swift temperature lowering during thermal spikes that may occur during high-power discharge or rapid charging, preventing thermal damage to battery cells that could result from inadequate cooling response times. The phase-change material cooling provides continuous passive thermal regulation during normal operation by absorbing excess heat generated by the battery system without requiring active cooling energy expenditure. Thecoordination between active cryogenic cooling and passive phase-change material cooling enables the dual thermal management system to respond to both transient thermal spikes and sustained thermal loads, maintaining the battery system within acceptable thermal operating ranges across diverse operating conditions. Conventional passive air cooling systems may be unable to prevent thermal damage during high-demand scenarios, leading to accelerated cell degradation and reduced battery lifespan. The dual thermal management system addresses this limitation by providing thermal management capability that scales with thermal load conditions.

[0187] Conventional energy storage systems are often designed as integrated units that require complete system replacement when individual components degrade or when technological advancements become available. The configurable component architecture of the energy storage and management system enables replacement or upgrading of individual components without requiring replacement of the entire system. The configurable design approach extends the operational lifecycle of the energy storage and management system by allowing worn or outdated components to be exchanged for new or improved versions while retaining functional components that remain in acceptable condition. The quick-release mechanisms incorporated within the configurable component architecture enable component replacement without requiring specialized tools or extensive disassembly procedures, reducing downtime during maintenance or upgrade operations. The configurable component architecture also enables customizable upgrades that allow users to modify the energy storage and management system to meet specific performance requirements or operational preferences, and the configurable component architecture may accommodate components that utilize emerging technologies as such technologies become available. Conventional integrated energy storage systems require wholesale replacement to access improved functions, whereas the configurable component architecture enables incremental technology updates that extend the useful service life of the energy storage and management system.

[0188] Conventional energy storage systems often lose waste energy that is generated during operation, including thermal energy from heat-generating components and kinetic energy from vehicle motion and vibrations. The multi-source energy recycling captures waste energy from various sources that conventional systems dissipate, converting the captured waste energy into usable electrical energy for storage or immediate use. The thermoelectric generators within the multi-source energy recycling capture thermal gradients from heatgenerating components and convert the captured thermal energy into electrical power, recovering energy that would otherwise be lost to the environment. The suspension-basedkinetic recovery mechanisms harvest mechanical energy generated during motion and vibrations, capturing energy from oscillations in suspension systems that conventional systems do not recover. The combination of thermoelectric energy recovery and kinetic energy recovery within the multi-source energy recycling provides a comprehensive approach to minimizing energy losses that extends beyond the regenerative braking technology commonly found in conventional electric vehicle systems. The captured waste energy may be directed to the battery system for storage or distributed to system components for immediate use based on real-time energy demands, contributing to extended operational range and improved overall energy efficiency compared to conventional systems that rely solely on regenerative braking for energy recovery.

[0189] The energy storage and management system may be utilized across a variety of applications and use cases. In electric vehicle applications, the system may power electric motorcycles, automobiles, bicycles, scooters, trucks, and buses, providing extended range and rapid charging for personal and commercial transportation. In aerial applications, the system may be integrated within unmanned aerial vehicles and drones for commercial delivery, industrial inspection, agricultural monitoring, and recreational use. In robotics applications, the system may power autonomous mobile robots, industrial robots, service robots, and warehouse automation systems where reliable energy storage and rapid power delivery are desired. In marine applications, the system may be utilized in electric boats, personal watercraft, and other marine vessels. In stationary applications, the system may serve as portable power systems, backup power installations, or grid-connected energy storage for residential, commercial, or industrial facilities. The configurable component architecture and scalable design of the energy storage and management system may enable adaptation to the specific power requirements and operational characteristics of each application type. The applications and use cases described herein are provided by way of example and not limitation, and the energy storage and management system may be adapted for use in other applications not specifically enumerated without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0190] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An energy storage and management system, comprising:a battery system comprising a plurality of quantum dot cells integrated with supercapacitors, the quantum dot cells and supercapacitors configured to store and release electrical energy;a multi-source energy recycling unit configured to capture waste energy from a plurality of sources and convert the captured waste energy into electrical energy;an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven management unit operatively connected to the battery system, the Al-driven management unit comprising:a plurality of sensors configured to collect real-time operational data from the battery system;a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data; andan Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit configured to process data from the plurality of sensors and dynamically adjust power distribution across the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors based on the processed data; anda dual thermal management unit configured for dynamic temperature control of the battery system, the dual thermal management unit comprising a cryogenic cooling unit and a phase-change material unit;wherein the battery system, the multi-source energy recycling unit, the Al-driven management unit, and the dual thermal management unit are configured as discrete components interconnected through standardized interfaces, enabling selective removal, replacement, and scalable integration of individual components without requiring disassembly of the entire energy storage and management system.

2. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the supercapacitors are graphene supercapacitors.

3. The energy storage and management system of claim 2, wherein the graphene supercapacitors enable at least one of near-instantaneous or instantaneous storing and releasing of electrical energy.

4. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the multi-source energy recycling unit comprises:thermoelectric generators configured to convert waste heat into usable electrical energy; andsuspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms configured to harvest mechanical energy during movement.

5. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to collect data for at least one of:environmental conditions;rider behavior;performance metrics;battery health monitoring;energy optimization;safety monitoring; andpredictive maintenance.

6. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit is configured to monitor real-time health metrics of the battery system and forecast potential failures based on historical data.

7. The energy storage and management system of claim 6, wherein the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit is configured to alert users via a connected mobile application when anomalies or potential failures are detected.

8. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the phase-change material unit comprises at least one of organic phase-change materials, inorganic phase-change materials, metallic phase-change materials, composite phase-change materials, or hybrid phase-change materials.

9. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the Al-driven management unit is configured to perform a self-healing function to detect degraded cellswithin the battery system and reallocate power away from the degraded cells to functional cells to optimize longevity of the battery system.

10. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, further comprising a faultdetection unit configured to identify malfunctioning components and disable the malfunctioning components to prevent cascading failures.

11. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, wherein the dual thermal management unit further comprises at least one of air cooling, liquid cooling, refrigerant-based cooling, heat pipes and vapor chambers, or thermoelectric cooling.

12. The energy storage and management system of claim 1, further comprising a theft prevention and tracking system comprising tamper detection sensors configured to monitor for unauthorized access and a remote access controller enabling remote disabling of the battery system.

13. A battery system, comprising:a plurality of quantum dot cells configured to store and release electrical energy; a plurality of supercapacitors integrated with the quantum dot cells, the supercapacitors configured to provide rapid energy storage and discharge;a plurality of separators positioned between the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors for thermal management;an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven management unit operatively coupled to the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors, the Al-driven management unit comprising:a plurality of sensors configured to gather real-time operational data;a transceiver configured to enable data transmission and reception; and an Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit configured to process sensor data and regulate power distribution; anda thermal management unit configured for temperature regulation, the thermal management unit comprising a cryogenic cooling module and a phase-change material module;wherein the quantum dot cells, the supercapacitors, the separators, the Al-driven management unit, and the thermal management unit are configured as discrete componentsinterconnected through standardized interfaces, enabling selective removal, replacement, and scalable integration of individual components without requiring disassembly of the entire battery system.

14. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the supercapacitors are graphene supercapacitors configured to enable near-instantaneous energy storage and discharge.

15. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the separators comprise cooling plates configured to use at least one of cryogenic fluid and phase-change material for passive cooling.

16. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit is configured to:monitor real-time health metrics of the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors; forecast potential failures based on historical data; andtransmit alerts to a user device when anomalies are detected.

17. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the discrete components interconnected through standardized interfaces include quick-release mechanisms for replacing components and support integration of alternative energy sources comprising at least one of solar panels, regenerative braking systems, thermoelectric generators, and hydrogen fuel cells.

18. A method for energy storage and management, the method comprising the steps of: providing a battery system comprising a plurality of quantum dot cells integrated with supercapacitors configured to store and release electrical energy;capturing waste energy from a plurality of sources using a multi -source energy recycling unit;collecting real-time data from a plurality of sensors distributed throughout the battery system;transmitting the collected data to an artificial intelligence (Al)-driven monitoring and controlling unit;processing the collected data using the Al-driven monitoring and controlling unit to determine optimal operating parameters;controlling power distribution across the quantum dot cells and the supercapacitors based on the determined optimal operating parameters;implementing dynamic temperature control by activating a cryogenic cooling unit and utilizing a phase-change material unit for temperature regulation;monitoring system performance and capacity requirements;identifying a need for system reconfiguration based on the monitored performance and capacity requirements; andmodifying a system configuration by selectively removing, replacing, or adding one or more discrete components selected from the battery system, the multi-source energy recycling unit, an Al-driven management unit, and a dual thermal management unit, through standardized interfaces to meet the identified need.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein capturing waste energy comprises:converting waste heat into usable electrical energy using thermoelectric generators; and harvesting mechanical energy during movement using suspension-based kinetic recovery mechanisms.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the real-time data comprises data for at least one of environmental conditions, rider behavior, performance metrics, battery health monitoring, energy optimization, safety monitoring, and predictive maintenance.

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