Antenna structure for transmitting and / or receiving circularly polarized signals for a vehicle, and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna structure (20) which has at least one circularly polarized uninterrupted loop radiator (19), wherein the loop radiator (19) has: horizontally extending antenna elements (1) which enclose a loop surface oriented parallel to a printed circuit board (3) of the antenna structure (20); vertical antenna elements (2) which are designed to connect the horizontally extending antenna elements (1) to the printed circuit board (3), wherein at least two of the vertical antenna elements (2) are connected to a reactance circuit (6) and to a phase shifter network (7). According to the invention, a capacitive part of the reactance circuit (6) is provided on the printed circuit board (3) in a single layer as a flat concentric geometric structure (10), wherein an internal geometry (11) of the geometric structure (10) is galvanically connected to the circularly polarized uninterrupted loop radiator (19) and an external geometry (12) of the geometric structure (10) is galvanically connected to a remaining part of the reactance circuit (6) and to the phase shifter network (7).

Description

[0001] 202501071

[0002] 1

[0003] Description

[0004] Antenna structure for transmitting and / or receiving circularly polarized signals for a vehicle and vehicle

[0005] The invention relates to an antenna structure for transmitting and / or receiving circularly polarized signals for a vehicle, and to a vehicle comprising an antenna structure. The antenna structure can be arranged in various installation spaces within the vehicle.

[0006] Typical circularly polarized antennas used in the automotive industry for receiving positioning data from navigation satellites or circularly polarized signals from other services were developed using dielectric substrate materials with high dielectric constants. Ceramic materials were frequently used. The high dielectric constant allows these antennas to be designed in a small form factor relative to their frequency usage.

[0007] The following documents reveal state-of-the-art antenna structure concepts.

[0008] EP 3483983 B1 describes a receiving antenna for satellite navigation on a vehicle.

[0009] US 2014 / 203979 A1 describes an antenna for receiving circularly polarized satellite radio signals.

[0010] US 2018 / 294571 A1 describes an antenna for receiving circularly polarized satellite radio signals for satellite navigation on a

[0011] Vehicle.202501071

[0012] 2

[0013] DE 102017003072 A1 describes an antenna for receiving circularly polarized satellite radio signals for satellite navigation on a vehicle.

[0014] Kammerer's dissertation ("Compact Ring Antennas for Satellite and Terrestrial Transmission Services in Vehicles," dissertation at the Bundeswehr University Munich, 2014) describes a compact ring antenna for satellite and terrestrial transmission services in vehicles. Its functionality for the US-SDARS, GNSS, and DAB-L services is presented. Furthermore, this antenna structure is examined in various configurations in combination with antennas for other services.

[0015] The publication by luliia Goncharova and Stefan Lindenmeier (I.

[0016] Goncharova and S. Lindenmeier, 'An interoperable antenna for GPS and GLONASS servon a car', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC / URSI, National Radio Science Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2015, pp. 15-16, DOI: 10.1109 / APS.2015.7304393.) describes an interoperable GNSS antenna for all common navigation services in cars in combination with a multiband short-rod antenna at its center.

[0017] In S. Matthie & S. Lindenmeier (S. Matthie and S. Lindenmeier, "A Dualband Smart Antenna Set for Precise GNSS Applicin Car", 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Krakow, Po2019, pp. ) a micro-diversity set consisting of two dual-band antenna radiators for high-gain reception of the most important GNSS services such as GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou in the L1 and L2 bands is described.

[0018] CN 117 117494 A describes an antenna arrangement comprising a dielectric plate and a band control unit.

[0019] CN 117 117493 A describes an antenna assembly comprising an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate stacked on top of each other.

[0020] 3

[0021] are stacked and spaced apart from each other, with a base plate arranged on the lower dielectric plate.

[0022] Some antenna structure concepts are based on horizontal conductor loops made of sheet metal, acting like a ring-type radiator. These radiators are excited via galvanically connected vertical radiators on the conductor loop and a reactive circuit, whereby the vertical radiators can be designed as a capacitive surface above the conductive surface and can act as passive or active feeds. In DE 102017003072 A1, circular polarization is achieved by the rectangular shape, in which two parallel sides have the same dimensions. An evaluation is carried out in Kammerer 2014, where two ports are used for excitation. This improves circular polarization at lower angles.

[0023] CN 117 117494 A and CN 117 117493 A describe an antenna based on a stamped sheet metal part, which is based on a ring-type radiator with a meandering square ring. The shape of the meandering structure is square and flat in the x-y and z planes and overall over the conductive surface. Polarization is achieved, as in Kammerer 2014, via two feed points, which are implemented as separate pins with capacitive surfaces for coupling to the ring structure.

[0024] Highly dielectric materials like ceramics have tight tolerances, and when combined with tolerance-dependent alignment of the silver print and feed pins, these antennas must be tuned by the patch antenna manufacturer at each individual antenna element. This increases the cost of a single component or combination of ceramic patch antennas in addition to the cost of the ceramic material itself.

[0025] Sheet metal ring-type radiators, as currently used in the automotive industry, are excited by reactance networks, with the capacitance on vertical radiators designed as a flat surface capacitance (see the aforementioned publication by Kammerer). Such elements require a very 202501071

[0026] 4

[0027] Low mechanical tolerance to avoid impairing the antenna's function.

[0028] Ring resonators, as described in CN 117 117 494 A and CN 117 117493 A, have an increased number of bends in the sheet metal.

[0029] Due to the manufacturing process, every bend increases the tolerance chain and thus the overall mechanical tolerance. The separate feed pin for capacitive coupling also introduces additional tolerances, as the positioning and the plastic support components are small. Both of these uncertainties lead to antenna misalignment during mass production and affect the antenna's radiation pattern.

[0030] It is an object of the present invention to provide a circularly polarized antenna which is cheaper than ceramic patch antennas and at the same time complies with required tolerances.

[0031] A first aspect of the invention relates to an antenna structure. The antenna structure comprises at least one circularly polarized, continuous loop radiator. In other words, the antenna structure comprises the circularly polarized, continuous loop radiator. The loop radiator can be configured to receive or transmit circularly polarized signals. Continuous means that the loop radiator is uninterrupted and thus has no breaks.

[0032] The loop antenna has horizontally oriented antenna elements aligned parallel to a printed circuit board. The horizontally oriented antenna elements are separated from each other at least four times. In other words, the horizontal loop antenna is interrupted at these four times. The horizontally interrupted loop antenna is continued by vertically oriented antenna elements. In other words, the horizontal antenna elements are connected to each other by the vertically oriented antenna elements.

[0033] 5

[0034] Antenna elements are connected to the circuit board at the lowest point.

[0035] In other words, the antenna structure comprises the printed circuit board and a loop antenna, which has horizontally oriented antenna elements aligned parallel to the printed circuit board. The horizontally oriented antenna elements of the loop antenna enclose a loop surface.

[0036] The loop antenna has vertically oriented antenna elements designed to electrically connect the loop antenna to the circuit board. These vertically oriented antenna elements extend and complete the loop antenna, which is interrupted horizontally.

[0037] It is planned that at least two of the vertical antenna elements are connected to a reactance circuit and a phase-shifting network. In other words, at least two of the vertical antenna elements are configured as so-called active vertical antenna elements. These at least two active vertical antenna elements are connected to the reactance circuit and a phase-shifting network and can be controlled by them to tune the loop antenna to receive the circularly polarized signal.

[0038] A capacitive part of the reactance circuit is provided on the printed circuit board (PCB) in a single layer as a flat concentric geometric structure. In other words, the capacitive part of the reactance circuit is arranged on the PCB, with the capacitive part lying flat on the PCB surface and provided as the concentric geometric structure. The geometric structure comprises conductive and dielectric surfaces. The flat concentric geometric structure has an internal geometry which is galvanically connected to the circularly polarized, continuous loop emitter. The internal geometry is provided, for example, as a metallic surface on the PCB and can be designed as a circle, which is enclosed by a dielectric surface.

[0039] 6

[0040] The internal geometry is separated from an outer geometry. This outer geometry is galvanically connected to the remaining part of the reactance circuit and the phase-shifting network. The outer geometry can be arranged on the circuit board as a round metallic area, for example as a ring or partial ring, and enclose the internal geometry.

[0041] A further development of the invention provides that the vertical antenna elements are configured as continuous extensions of the loop of the loop antenna. In other words, the loop antenna is designed such that the vertical antenna elements are not leads that electrically contact the loop at specific points, but rather that they extend the loop itself. In other words, the loop can be formed from a sheet of metal, which may be bent to connect the loop to the circuit board.

[0042] A further development of the invention provides that the vertical antenna elements have a slotted shape that tapers towards the circuit board and has two legs separated by a slot. The slotted shape can, for example, be a V-shape or a U-shape. In other words, the vertical antenna elements, designed as continuous extensions of the loop antenna, have the tapered shape. The vertical antenna elements have the two legs separated by the slot. The legs are extensions of the loop, so that the loop is continuous.

[0043] A further development of the invention provides that the antenna structure has a support structure designed to hold the horizontally extending antenna elements of the loop antenna at a predetermined height above the circuit board. The support structure can, for example, be made of plastic and be designed to maintain the height of the horizontally extending elements.

[0044] 7

[0045] Ensuring antenna elements above the circuit board are within the required tolerance.

[0046] A further development of the invention provides that the support structure has retaining elements which engage in the slots of the vertical antenna elements of the antenna structure in order to support the antenna structure.

[0047] A further development of the invention provides that the vertical antenna elements are electrically connected to the circuit board by means of a galvanic connection. A galvanic connection can be understood as a connection that can be provided, for example, by soldering, plugging, pressing, and / or foam contact.

[0048] A further development of the invention provides that the printed circuit board has milled sections and / or bores which are arranged in dielectric areas of the geometric structures.

[0049] A further development of the invention provides that the second geometry of the geometric structure is segmented.

[0050] A further development of the invention provides that the antenna structure is configured as a satellite navigation antenna and / or satellite radio antenna. In other words, the antenna structure is designed to receive satellite navigation signals and / or satellite radio signals.

[0051] A further development of the invention provides that the antenna structure comprises several loop radiators. Each loop radiator has loops that define the loop surfaces and are aligned parallel to the circuit board. The loop radiators are aligned concentrically with each other.

[0052] A second aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle which has at least one antenna structure according to one of the preceding claims. The antenna structure can, for example, be a roof antenna.

[0053] 8

[0054] It may be a shark fin antenna or a hidden flat antenna module in the vehicle.

[0055] The invention also includes further developments of the vehicle according to the invention, which have features already described in connection with the further developments of the antenna structure according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding further developments of the vehicle according to the invention are not described again here.

[0056] The invention also includes combinations of the features of the described embodiments.

[0057] An embodiment of the invention is described below. The following is shown:

[0058] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure;

[0059] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the loop emitter on the circuit board;

[0060] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a geometric structure on an active feeding element;

[0061] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of another geometric structure on an active feeding element;

[0062] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure which has two of the loop radiators;

[0063] Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure which is supported by a support structure;

[0064] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of another loop ray ...

[0065] 9

[0066] Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of further geometric structures.

[0067] The embodiment described below is a preferred embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the described components each represent individual features of the invention that can be considered independently of one another. Each of these features further develops the invention independently and can therefore be considered part of the invention individually or in a combination other than that shown. Furthermore, the described embodiment can also be supplemented by other features of the invention already described.

[0068] In the figures, functionally identical elements are each provided with the same reference symbols.

[0069] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure.

[0070] The antenna structure 20 can be configured as a circularly polarized, continuous loop antenna 19. The loop antenna 19 can have horizontally oriented antenna elements 1, which can enclose a loop surface. The horizontally oriented antenna elements 1 and the loop surface thereby defined can be aligned parallel to a printed circuit board 3 on which the loop antenna 19 can be mounted. In this context, "horizontal" can mean that the horizontally oriented antenna elements 1 are aligned parallel to a main extension plane of the printed circuit board 3. The term "horizontal" can also refer to the orientation of the antenna structure 20 in a final assembly position on a vehicle.

[0071] The horizontally extending antenna elements 1 can, for example, be arranged such that a ring-shaped, square, or cuboid loop is formed by them in the horizontal plane. The horizontally extending antenna elements 1 can also form another polygonal shape. The loop radiator 19 can be made of metal, steel, in particular of a sheet.

[0072] 10

[0073] The loop antenna 19 may be uncoated and consist of a single, uncoated component. It can be designed to receive circularly polarized signals, such as those transmitted by satellite navigation systems or satellite radio systems. The loop antenna 19 may have vertical antenna elements 2, which may be configured to electrically connect the horizontally extending antenna elements 1 to the circuit board 3. The vertical antenna elements 2 may be configured as continuous extensions of the horizontally extending antenna elements 1 of the loop antenna 19. In other words, the loop antenna 19 is not interrupted by the vertical antenna elements 2, but rather continues as a loop. The vertical antenna elements 2 may, for example, have a V-shape 8, which may comprise two legs separated by a slot 9.The vertical antenna elements 2 can be coupled to a reactance circuit 6. At least two of the vertical antenna elements 2 can be connected to a phase-shifting network 7 to tune the antenna structure 20 for receiving the circularly polarized signals.

[0074] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the loop emitter 19 on the circuit board 3.

[0075] The vertical antenna elements 2 can be connected to capacitive parts of the reactance circuit 6 on the printed circuit board 3. The capacitive parts of the reactance circuit 6 on the printed circuit board 3 can be provided in a single layer as flat concentric geometric structures 10. The geometric structures 10 on the active vertical antenna elements 2 can have an inner geometry 11 of the geometric structure 10, which can be galvanically connected to the circularly polarized, continuous loop radiator 19. An outer geometry 12 of the geometric structure 10 on active vertical antenna elements 2 can be galvanically connected to a remaining part of the reactance circuit 6 and the phase-shifting network 7. An inner dielectric region 13 can be provided between the inner geometry 11 and the outer geometry 12. The outer geometry 12 of the 202501071

[0076] 11

[0077] The geometric structure 10 of the active vertical antenna elements 2 can also be surrounded by an outer dielectric region 14.

[0078] The geometric structures 10 on the other vertical antenna elements 2 can have the inner geometry 11, which can be galvanically connected to the loop radiator 19 and a ground potential 17. The inner geometry 11 can be surrounded by an outer dielectric region 14.

[0079] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a geometric structure on an active vertical antenna element.

[0080] The active vertical antenna element 2 can be arranged on the inner geometry 11 via conductive foam pads 4 and galvanically connected to it.

[0081] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of another geometric structure on an active vertical antenna element.

[0082] The active vertical antenna element 2 can be galvanically connected to the inner geometry 11 via a vertical pin 5 extending through the circuit board 3, either by soldering or by press-fitting onto a bottom side of the circuit board 3. The bottom side of the circuit board 3 can face away from the loop antenna 19.

[0083] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure which has two of the loop radiators.

[0084] The two loop antennas 19 can have horizontal antenna elements which may differ in height above the circuit board 3. The loop antennas 19 can be arranged concentrically to each other. The loop antennas 19 can be rotated relative to each other by an angle about a vertical axis of rotation. 202501071

[0085] 12

[0086] Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of an antenna structure which is supported by a support structure.

[0087] The support structure 15 can have retaining elements 16, which can be configured as snap hooks. The snap hooks can engage in the slots 9 of the vertical antenna elements 2. The support structure 15 can hold the horizontal antenna elements 1 at the intended height above the circuit board 3, and can prevent the horizontal antenna elements 1 from bending due to the support structure 15.

[0088] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of another loop ray ...

[0089] The horizontal antenna elements 1 of the further loop radiator 19 can form a square shape, with the vertical antenna elements 2 being arranged centrally on sides of the loop radiator 19.

[0090] Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of further geometric structures.

[0091] In the inner dielectric region 13, which separates the inner geometry 11 from the outer geometry 12, bores 18 can run transversely through the circuit board 3.

[0092] To allow for adjustable geometry capacity, the outer geometry 12 can be designed as a segment. In other words, the outer geometry 12 does not completely encircle the inner geometry 11. For example, the outer geometry 12 can be designed as a ring segment extending over 180 degrees.

[0093] Figures 1 to 8 show some preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0094] Embodiments of the circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 can consist of a horizontally oriented part, preferably the 202501071

[0095] 13

[0096] has the same orientation as the circuit board 3 and the vertical antenna elements 2, which are preferably continuous extensions of the loop radiator 19 to form the feeds to the circuit board 3.

[0097] The horizontally oriented antenna elements 1 and the vertical antenna elements 2 can preferably be made of metal, in particular sheet metal, especially standard industrial sheet metal without any special coating. The vertical antenna elements 2 can be connected to a printed circuit board 3 via conductive silicone or conductive foam pads 4 or extended by a vertical pin 5 that passes through the printed circuit board 3 to establish a conductive connection with the printed circuit board 3 by soldering or press-fitting on the underside.

[0098] Preferably, at least two of the vertical antenna elements 2 can act as active parts, which are excited by a reactance circuit 6 and a phase shifter network 7 to ensure that a circular current flows through the antenna elements 1 , 2 according to the circularly polarized wave.

[0099] The capacitive part of the reactance circuit 6 can preferably be realized on a printed circuit board 3 on a plane as the flat concentric geometric structure 10.

[0100] The inner geometry 11 can be galvanically connected to the circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 and the outer geometry 12 can be connected to the following reactance circuit 6.

[0101] The figures show that round, as well as rectangular, square, or other polygonal shapes of the circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19 can be used. The vertical antenna elements 2 can be configured as an extension of the horizontal antenna elements 1, preferably in a V-shape 8 with a slot 9. For example, two, three, four, or more than four of the vertical antenna elements 2 can be present.

[0102] 14

[0103] A support structure 15 can be used to ensure compliance with tolerances regarding the height of the horizontal antenna elements 1 above the circuit board 3. The slots 9 in the vertical antenna elements 2 can be used to allow snap hooks of the support structure 15 to hold the loop antenna 19 in a predetermined position.

[0104] One advantage of the antenna structure 20 may be that in some embodiments a loop radiator 19 designed as a metal structure may be more cost-effective than a ceramic patch antenna.

[0105] The capacitive feeding with the concentric geometries 11, 12 can be designed with much smaller tolerances and more controlled procedures than is the case with capacitive feeding via air or through a separate plastic structure as in the prior art.

[0106] The antenna structure 20 can be implemented in any application that requires a circularly polarized antenna and has sufficient volume for this implementation. For example, embodiments of the antenna structure 20 can be implemented in a car, an automotive telematics unit, a car radio for mobile communication, or another device. The antenna structure 20 can be provided independently of the need for a passive antenna or in combination with subsequent amplifier stages or digital transmitters / receivers.

[0107] In one embodiment of the antenna structure 20, the loop radiator 19 can be configured like a ring-type radiator and consist of horizontal antenna elements 1 and vertical antenna elements 2, wherein the vertical antenna elements 2 can be continuous extensions of the loop radiator 19 towards the circuit board 3. The vertical antenna elements 2 can be formed in V-shapes 8 separated by a slot 9 to ensure the continuous extension of the loop radiator 19.

[0108] 15

[0109] The capacitive coupling, as part of the reactance circuit 6, can be implemented on one plane of the printed circuit board 3 as a concentric geometric structure 10. The vertical antenna elements 2 do not need to be placed at every edge of the loop antenna 19. The vertical antenna elements 2 can also be distributed along the parallel sides of the loop antenna 19, as long as they are preferably spaced at an equivalent interval of the same phase or electrical length, as shown in Fig. 7.

[0110] The loop blaster 19 can be combined with other loop blasters 19 of different sizes and heights in a concentric orientation. The loop blasters 19 can be concentric and rotated relative to each other, as shown in Fig. 5.

[0111] Concentric capacitive couplings were typically made from lossy dielectric fiberglass-epoxy composite materials such as FR-4. To improve the loss coefficient, milling or drilling 18 can be used to fill the dielectric areas with air, as shown in Fig. 8.

[0112] To tune a capacitive reactance, angled parts of concentric structures can also be used to tune the capacitance, as shown in Fig. 8.

[0113] The present invention is an antenna structure 20 that functions as a circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19 and can be designed for satellite navigation services such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or satellite radio services such as SXM or Satellite Digital Audio Radio Services (SDARS). The antenna structure 20 can be combined to form a multiband solution for these services to reduce space requirements by arranging the continuous loop radiators 19 concentrically or concentrically with a rotation angle. The antenna structure 20 can be used in car rear antennas, such as shark fin antennas, or in concealed installations.

[0114] 16

[0115] Flat antenna modules are implemented, which are mounted in spoilers or near the roof. In these modules, the [component] is soldered onto a circuit board 3 or connected via contactless connections, such as silicone or foam pads 4.

[0116] Preferably, at least two of the vertical antenna elements 2 can function as active components, controlled by a reactance circuit 6 and a phase-shifting network 7 to ensure that the circular current flows through the loop radiator 19 and the propagating circular wave. The capacitive part of the reactance circuit 6 can preferably be implemented on a printed circuit board 3 as flat concentric geometries on a single plane. The inner geometry can be galvanically connected to the circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19, and the outer geometry can be connected to the subsequent circuitry.

[0117] The antenna structure 20 can have the following features.

[0118] The antenna structure 20 can have at least one circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19.

[0119] The circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 or a part of the circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 can comprise metal, in particular steel, in particular sheet metal.

[0120] The horizontal antenna elements 1 of the circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19 and / or the vertical antenna elements 2 of the circularly polarized continuous loop radiator 19 can be made of metal, in particular steel, in particular uncoated industrial standard sheet metal.

[0121] The antenna structure 20 can be configured as a satellite navigation antenna and / or satellite radio antenna, or may include the satellite navigation antenna and / or the satellite radio antenna. 202501071

[0122] 17

[0123] The antenna structure 20 can be provided as a multiband solution, in particular by a concentric arrangement or a concentric arrangement with a rotation angle of at least two continuous loop radiators 19.

[0124] The antenna structure 20 can be configured as a car antenna or part of a car antenna, in particular as a car roof antenna and / or a shark fin antenna and / or a hidden flat antenna module.

[0125] The circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 can be soldered onto a printed circuit board 3 or connected to the printed circuit board 3 via solderless contacts such as silicone pads or foam pads 4.

[0126] The vertical antenna elements 2 can be guided on the circuit board 3 via conductive silicone or conductive foam pads 4, or extended via a vertical pin 5 passing through the circuit board 3 to conduct on the underside by soldering or by pressing.

[0127] The circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 can have a circular, rectangular, square or other polygonal shape.

[0128] Two or three or four or more extensions of a ring structure of the circularly polarized continuous loop emitter 19 can have a V-shape 8, which in particular has a slot 9 separating two legs.

[0129] Overall, the examples show how an antenna structure 20 can be provided. 202501071

[0130] 18

[0131] Reference symbol list

[0132] 1 horizontal antenna elements 2 vertical antenna elements 3 circuit board

[0133] 4 foam pads

[0134] 5 pens

[0135] 6 Reactance circuit

[0136] 7 Phase shifter network

[0137] 8 V-shape

[0138] 9 slots

[0139] 10 Geometry structure

[0140] 11 inner geometry

[0141] 12 external geometry

[0142] 13 inner dielectric region 14 outer dielectric region 15 support structure

[0143] 16 retaining element

[0144] 17 Mass potential

[0145] 18 holes

[0146] 19 loop jets

[0147] 20 Antenna structure

Claims

202501071 19 Patent claims 1. Antenna structure (20), wherein - the antenna structure (20) has at least one circularly polarized continuous loop radiator (19), - the loop antenna (19) has horizontally extending antenna elements (1) that enclose a loop surface aligned parallel to a circuit board (3) of the antenna structure (20), - the loop antenna (19) has vertical antenna elements (2) which are configured to connect the horizontally extending antenna elements (1) to the circuit board (3), and - at least two of the vertical antenna elements (2) are connected to a reactance circuit (6) and a phase shifter network (7), characterized by the fact that a capacitive part of the reactance circuit (6) is provided on the printed circuit board (3) in a single layer as a flat concentric geometric structure (10), wherein an inner geometry (11) of the geometric structure (10) is galvanically connected to the circularly polarized continuous loop radiator (19), and an outer geometry (12) of the geometric structure (10) is galvanically connected to a remaining part of the reactance circuit (6) and the phase shifter network (7).

2. Antenna structure (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical antenna elements (2) are arranged as uninterrupted extensions of the horizontally extending antenna elements (1) of the loop radiator (19).

3. Antenna structure (20) according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical antenna elements (2) have a slotted shape (8), wherein the slotted shape (8) has two legs which are separated from each other by a slot (9). 202501071 20 4. Antenna structure (20) according to claim 3, characterized in that the antenna structure (20) has a support structure (15) which is configured to hold the horizontally extending antenna elements (1) of the loop radiator (19) at a predetermined height above the circuit board (3).

5. Antenna structure (20) according to claim 4, characterized in that the support structure (15) has retaining elements (16) which are configured to engage in the slots (9) of the antenna structure (20) in order to support the antenna structure (20).

6. Antenna structure (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed elements (2) are electrically connected to the circuit board (3) by means of a soldered connection.

7. Antenna structure (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printed circuit board (3) has millings and / or bores (18) which are arranged in dielectric areas of the geometric structures (10).

8. Antenna structure (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second geometry of the geometric structure (10) is segmented.

9. Antenna structure (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna structure (20) is configured as a satellite navigation antenna and / or satellite radio antenna. 202501071 21 10. Antenna structure (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna structure (20) comprises several of the loop radiators (19), wherein the loop radiators (19) are arranged concentrically to each other.

11. Vehicle comprising at least one antenna structure (20) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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