Composite structural component for structures, in particular for buildings

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite structural component for structures, in particular for buildings, comprising at least one, preferably elongated, timber element (3) as a tension element and at least one compression element (6), wherein each timber element (3) is connected to at least one associated compression element by means of a plurality of mutually spaced composite anchors (7) oriented at an inclination with respect to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, so as to form a composite element. According to the invention, the at least one compression element is formed from a prefabricated stone precast element (6) so as to form a timber-stone composite element (2).

Description

[0001] P 95BF 2503

[0002] Description

[0003] Composite component for structures, especially for buildings

[0004] The invention relates to a composite component for structures, in particular for buildings, and to a structure with such a composite component.

[0005] A composite structural element of this type, in the form of a timber-concrete composite structure, is known from DE 102014003022 B4. In this patent, a timber joist ceiling consists of several parallel timber joists as load-bearing beams, supporting timber formwork. Composite anchors, which are referred to in DE 102014003022 B4 as composite screws, are screwed into the timber joist ceiling with a timber shank section, so that a concrete shank section of the composite anchors projects beyond the timber joist ceiling. Subsequently, concrete is poured to form a cast-in-place concrete slab, so that after the concrete has set and hardened, a shear-resistant timber-concrete composite structure is formed. In this hardened state of the concrete, the concrete shank section of the composite anchors is embedded and anchored in the concrete.

[0006] In this well-known timber-concrete composite structure for a building ceiling, a concrete slab with a large quantity of concrete must be poured on-site onto a wooden formwork. This can be quite labor-intensive, especially in existing buildings, such as listed buildings, and the shrinkage behavior of concrete must always be taken into account. Furthermore, the concrete introduces a relatively large amount of moisture into the structure, which is detrimental. Finally, the concrete must set and harden, which undesirably delays the construction time.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to create a composite component for structures, in particular for buildings, as well as a structure with at least one such composite component, which largely avoids the aforementioned disadvantages and can be manufactured in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner with minimal effort, and which also enables circular construction. This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims relating thereto.

[0008] According to claim 1, a composite component for structures, in particular for buildings, is provided, comprising at least one, preferably elongated, wooden element as a tension element and at least one compression element, wherein each wooden element is connected to at least one associated compression element by means of several composite anchors spaced apart from one another and inclined (or obliquely) relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal. According to the invention, the at least one compression element for forming a wood-stone composite element is formed from a prefabricated stone element.

[0009] This composite component according to the invention offers numerous advantages through the innovative combination of wood and stone in a single composite element, as this combination optimally utilizes the respective properties of both materials. Specifically, the composite between wood and stone according to the invention is based on a force-fit and form-fit connection created by the diagonally oriented composite anchors. This arrangement enables efficient load transfer between the two materials by absorbing and distributing both vertical and horizontal shear forces. While the wooden element, as a tension element, primarily absorbs tensile forces, the prefabricated stone element acts as a compression element, capable of withstanding high compressive loads.

[0010] The shear-resistant connection of the two materials results in the wood-stone composite element exhibiting high structural stiffness and efficient load transfer. This applies to both rod-shaped versions, which can be used, for example, as lintels, beams, girders, or columns, and to planar versions, which can serve as ceiling elements, floor elements, side walls, roof elements, or facade components.

[0011] The force-fit connection of the materials through composite anchors thus ensures the efficient utilization of the respective material properties and consequently leads to a significantly increased load-bearing capacity of the component. The term "composite anchor" is used in the description of the present invention to represent various terms such as "composite screw" or "screw anchor," which are used synonymously in the field. This serves clarity and, unless expressly stated otherwise, does not constitute a limitation to a specific design. The term "wood element" within the meaning of the present invention refers to all elements made of wood or wood-based materials that are suitable for interaction with a prefabricated stone element within a composite component.The wooden elements can preferably be rod-shaped as beams, but can also be plate- or disc-shaped, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0012] The term "wood element" specifically includes solid wood, but also all relevant wood-based materials, especially those defined in DIN EN 13986. Wood-based materials in this context include, in particular, solid wood panels, cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), resin-bonded particleboard, fiberboard, and panels made from long, slender, oriented strands.

[0013] These wooden elements can be used in particular for the construction of wooden ceilings that are essentially made entirely of wooden elements. Examples include solid wood ceilings, cross-laminated timber (CLT) ceilings, joist ceilings, hollow box ceilings, and ribbed ceilings. A preferred embodiment is the timber joist ceiling, in which the wooden elements are preferably designed as longitudinally elongated, parallel wooden beams.

[0014] A significant advantage is the simple and cost-effective stabilization and upgrading of, for example, wooden ceilings, such as timber beam ceilings, resulting in a substantial increase in load-bearing capacity. This is achieved primarily through the positive connection between the wooden elements (or, in the aforementioned example, the timber beams) and the prefabricated stone elements, which ensures efficient load transfer and stabilizes the structure against deformation and vibration.

[0015] Further advantages include improved airborne sound insulation and optimized fire protection. The increased mass of the prefabricated stone elements contributes to sound absorption and reduces sound transmission between floors. Furthermore, the non-combustible stone material acts as a natural fire barrier, thus increasing the fire resistance of the structure. These technical properties enhance both safety and, for example, living comfort in the finished building. The inventive design also enables efficient and economical implementation of historic preservation guidelines, as it can be realized without significant alterations to the existing building structure.The use of prefabricated stone elements eliminates the need for extensive on-site concreting, significantly reducing or even completely preventing water penetration into the building structure and better preserving the original construction. At the same time, the construction can, for example, provide horizontal bracing for the building, as prefabricated stone elements can be positively connected to wooden beams, allowing horizontal forces to be absorbed and optimally distributed. This increases the stability of the structure, particularly in older or listed buildings.

[0016] Another significant advantage lies in the ability to compensate for uneven or sagging wooden ceilings. Because the prefabricated stone elements are manufactured with high dimensional accuracy, they can be dimensioned to compensate for unevenness and create a flat ceiling surface. This eliminates the need for time-consuming shimming or readjustment of the supporting structure on site.

[0017] Furthermore, the combination of prefabricated elements and a dry construction method leads to significant savings in demolition work, as existing structures are largely preserved. The ease of handling the construction allows for broad applicability, as installation can be carried out by construction companies, screed layers, and carpentry firms without specialized additional qualifications.

[0018] In addition to its structural advantages, this construction method offers a number of ecological and practical benefits. As mentioned previously, the composite component is erected with virtually no water entering the existing building structure. This is particularly advantageous for existing buildings and listed buildings, as it prevents moisture damage and protects sensitive building materials. Furthermore, there is no curing time, meaning no additional waiting periods occur after the composite components are installed, and construction projects can be significantly accelerated.

[0019] Another significant advantage compared to concrete is the lack of shrinkage in the structure. While concrete loses volume over time, potentially leading to stress and cracking, the composite component remains dimensionally stable, contributing to the long-term structural integrity of the building. Furthermore, the component is fully demountable and can be disassembled into its individual parts, enabling resource-efficient reuse or the separation of materials by type. Since the structure consists primarily of natural building materials, it contributes to a circular construction approach.

[0020] The construction method significantly reduces the CO2 footprint, as it eliminates the need for cement production, which is associated with high energy consumption and CO2 emissions, compared to conventional concrete solutions. The possibility of automated manufacturing of the components not only makes production more cost-efficient but also enables the production of ready-to-assemble prefabricated elements, thereby further accelerating and standardizing construction processes. These factors make the inventive design particularly suitable for serial housing construction and sustainable building concepts focused on resource conservation and reusability.

[0021] By combining technical, ecological, and economic advantages, the invention represents a future-proof solution for the construction industry. It not only meets the requirements of modern construction projects in terms of efficiency, load-bearing capacity, and sustainability, but also actively contributes to resource-conserving and circular construction methods.

[0022] A key component of the invention is the prefabricated stone elements, which are integrated into the composite structure as compression elements. These components can be pre-produced under controlled conditions in a factory or manufacturing plant and then inserted into the structure. Unlike cast-in-place concrete, which is mixed and poured into formwork on-site and requires a curing period, prefabricated stone elements already possess precise dimensions and defined material properties straight from the factory. This enables faster and more efficient construction, high dimensional accuracy, and dry processing, making them suitable for use in listed buildings.

[0023] In principle, the at least one prefabricated stone element can consist of any stone material suitable for the respective technical application, including artificial stone. For the purposes of this invention, the term "artificial stone" refers to artificially produced materials that imitate natural stone and preferably contain a mixture of natural and artificial components. These include, in particular, ceramic artificial stones such as stoneware, resin-bonded artificial stones such as quartz composite, and cement-bonded artificial stones such as cast stone or terrazzo. However, the at least one prefabricated stone element is particularly preferably designed as a prefabricated natural stone element. For the purposes of this invention, the term "natural stone" refers to a natural stone formed through geological processes that is further processed without chemical or synthetic modifications.This includes, in particular, igneous rocks such as granite, basalt, diorite, and gabbro; sedimentary rocks such as limestone, sandstone, and travertine; and metamorphic rocks such as slate, marble, gneiss, and quartzite. These natural stones are characterized by high compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and resistance to mechanical and climatic influences, making them particularly suitable for load-bearing building structures.

[0024] The prefabricated stone element is considered "prefabricated" within the meaning of the present invention if it can be processed, cut, or otherwise shaped under controlled conditions in a manufacturing facility, rather than simply being brought into its final form on-site. This ensures high dimensional accuracy, consistent quality, and time-efficient assembly. This contrasts sharply with cast-in-place concrete components, which must first be poured and allowed to cure in formwork on-site. Furthermore, the use of prefabricated natural stone elements enables dry construction, minimizes moisture ingress into the structure, and reduces construction time, as no curing period is required. In addition, typical concrete problems such as shrinkage and creep are eliminated, thus maintaining structural stiffness throughout its service life.

[0025] According to a first particularly preferred embodiment, the timber-stone composite element is designed in a rod shape, and can, for example, be formed by exactly one timber element and exactly one precast stone element. It is further preferred that the timber-stone composite element has a geometry that is at least partially adapted in shape and contour to the timber element and the precast stone element. Such a rod-shaped design particularly enables the timber-stone composite element to be used as a rod-shaped lintel, beam, girder, lintel, column, or support in or on a structure. The specific geometric adaptation between the timber element and the precast stone element optimizes the composite action, allowing loads to be transferred efficiently. This results in increased load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the composite component.The combination of wood as a tension element and stone as a compression element also allows for resource-efficient construction, as the materials are used selectively where they can best exert their respective mechanical advantages. According to an alternative, further particularly preferred embodiment, the wood-stone composite element is designed as a flat surface, preferably consisting of at least two wood elements and at least one prefabricated stone element. Such a flat design particularly enables the use of the wood-stone composite element as a flat ceiling element, floor element, side wall element, roof element, or facade element in or on a building, especially in conjunction with a wooden ceiling, for example, a solid wood ceiling, cross-laminated timber ceiling, timber joist ceiling, hollow box ceiling, or ribbed ceiling.The planar design, particularly the combination of multiple timber elements with at least one prefabricated stone element, creates a robust and load-bearing composite structure that reliably absorbs and distributes large-area loads. This construction method ensures high structural rigidity and simultaneously improves the building's sound insulation and fire protection properties. Furthermore, factory prefabrication guarantees high dimensional accuracy, enabling fast and efficient assembly. Especially in the field of sustainable and circular construction, planar design offers the advantage that existing building methods can be reused or expanded without requiring costly deconstruction work.

[0026] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the planar wood-stone composite element, preferably a planar ceiling element and / or planar floor element and / or planar side wall element and / or planar roof element and / or planar facade element, most preferably a wooden ceiling (for example, a solid wood ceiling, cross-laminated timber ceiling, cross-laminated timber ceiling, joist ceiling, hollow box ceiling, or ribbed ceiling), comprises at least two spaced-apart, preferably elongated and / or substantially parallel, wooden elements, for example, wooden beams, as tension elements. Furthermore, the planar wood-stone composite element comprises at least one prefabricated stone element (preferably several prefabricated stone elements arranged in a row) that bridges the gap between two spaced-apart wooden elements and is directly or indirectly supported by them.This structure creates an extremely load-bearing and stable composite construction, particularly capable of withstanding large surface loads. The two parallel wooden elements act as tension members, while the precast stone element between them optimally absorbs compressive forces. This not only ensures high load-bearing capacity but also reduces deformation and improves the structural stiffness of the entire component. This design thus results in a particularly efficient composite construction, offering improved load-bearing capacity, reduced deformation, and optimized stiffness, especially for the preferred wooden ceilings. The wooden elements, or in particular the spaced wooden beams, serve as tension members, absorbing tensile forces, while the at least one precast stone element positioned between them acts as a compression member, reliably transferring high compressive loads.This targeted use of material properties significantly improves the load-bearing capacity of timber ceilings without the need for extensive concrete work. A particular advantage of this construction method lies in the ability to easily retrofit or reinforce existing timber ceilings, as the prefabricated stone elements are manufactured in a precise manner at the factory and can be integrated into the supporting structure on site. This avoids moisture ingress and long curing times, which are common with conventional timber-concrete composite ceilings. The combination of timber ceilings and prefabricated stone elements also allows for rapid and economical assembly, making this construction method particularly suitable for renovation and historic preservation projects.Furthermore, the flat composite structure contributes to improved sound and fire protection, as the high mass of the prefabricated stone elements serves as a natural barrier against sound and fire.

[0027] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the planar wood-stone composite element comprises at least two prefabricated stone elements arranged in a laying direction, preferably extending in the same direction as the wood elements. This arrangement of several prefabricated stone elements allows for virtually unlimited scaling of the construction and contributes to flexible adaptation to various structural conditions. Particularly for larger areas, it is advantageous to arrange several prefabricated stone elements side by side in a structured laying direction, similar to laying tiles or slabs. This allows the entire surface to be constructed efficiently and without significant material waste, while simultaneously creating a continuous, load-distributing support structure.The defined laying direction also ensures controlled load transfer, thus optimizing the composite action of the entire structure. This contributes to a homogeneous force distribution and high structural stiffness, particularly in large-area ceiling elements or wall constructions. According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one prefabricated stone element is supported in a direction transverse to the laying direction by a bearing edge in the area of ​​the associated timber elements, and the at least one prefabricated stone element is connected to an associated timber element in the area of ​​the bearing edges by several composite anchors inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal.This special connection technique ensures a force-fit and form-fit anchorage between the materials, enabling efficient load transfer in both vertical and horizontal directions. The inclined anchor system also provides high shear strength and prevents relative movement between the wood and stone, resulting in a durable and resilient structure.

[0028] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one prefabricated stone element is formed by a slab, which is preferably rectangular. A slab shape enables efficient load distribution and large-area force transmission, thereby achieving high load-bearing capacity and structural stiffness. Manufacturing as a prefabricated slab or prefabricated stone element slab also facilitates processing and integration into various building concepts. In particular, a rectangular shape can offer advantages with regard to manufacturing, material utilization, and modular construction, since rectangular slabs can be integrated particularly well into standardized construction processes.Depending on the specific requirements of the respective construction application, the prefabricated stone element can also be designed in other geometries, for example to be adapted to special static or architectural conditions.

[0029] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one wooden element is formed by a wooden beam running in the longitudinal direction of a joist, preferably by a wooden beam of a timber joist ceiling. This ensures a robust and load-bearing structure, since wooden beams have high tensile strength and are ideally suited for forming the tension elements. The combination with the compression-resistant precast stone elements creates a particularly efficient structural composite that can reliably absorb both static and dynamic loads. A particularly preferred application of this construction method is the stabilization and reinforcement of timber joist ceilings.In this context, the wooden beams assume their traditional function as load-bearing elements of the ceiling, while the prefabricated stone elements complement the structure and contribute, in particular, to increasing load-bearing capacity and reducing deformations and vibrations. Integration into existing wooden beam ceilings can be achieved without complex structural interventions, thus minimizing construction time and ensuring the preservation of the original building structure, for example, in existing buildings or listed buildings.

[0030] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, at least one support area of ​​a prefabricated stone element, which rests against or is supported by a wooden element, has a defined roughness. Preferably, the underside of a prefabricated stone element facing a wooden element is provided with a defined roughness. The targeted application of a defined roughness in the area of ​​the contact surfaces between the prefabricated stone element and the wooden element significantly contributes to improving the composite action. A deliberately roughened surface increases the mechanical interlocking of the two components, resulting in greater resistance to relative displacement. This particularly improves force transmission in the area of ​​the supports and ensures increased shear strength of the entire composite component.Particularly in large-area applications such as ceiling elements or wall constructions, the roughened surface can help to make load transfer more homogeneous and reduce localized stress peaks. This leads to an overall better structural performance and increased durability of the wood-stone composite system.

[0031] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the angle of inclination of the composite anchors is 30° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, and particularly preferably 45°. The selection of a suitable angle of inclination for the composite anchors is crucial for the efficient force transmission between the timber element and the precast stone element. The inclined arrangement of the composite anchors absorbs and transfers both vertical and horizontal shear forces into the supporting structure, resulting in a particularly effective connection between the materials. An angle of inclination in the range of 30° to 60° ensures an optimal balance between maximum shear transmission and sufficient embedment depth of the anchors in the timber. Angles in the range of 40° to 50° are particularly preferred, as they guarantee a particularly high force absorption capacity while simultaneously ensuring high stability of the connection.In particular, a 45° angle of inclination represents an ideal solution, as it allows for an even distribution of forces across tension and compression zones while simultaneously ensuring a deep embedment depth of the composite anchors in the wood. By carefully selecting the angle of inclination, a higher load-bearing capacity of the entire composite system can be achieved, while at the same time increasing the fatigue resistance of the connection. This contributes to a longer service life and greater reliability of the structure, especially in dynamically stressed components such as ceiling elements or beam structures.

[0032] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the composite anchor has an anchor shaft with an end-mounted anchor head serving as a tool attachment. Viewed longitudinally along the anchor shaft, an upper stone shaft section, extending within the prefabricated stone element when assembled, is connected to this upper stone shaft section. This lower wood shaft section, which can be anchored in the wood element when assembled, is then connected to the stone shaft. It is preferably provided that the wood shaft section is at least partially threaded with a wood thread, allowing the wood shaft section, and thus the composite anchor, to be screwed into the wood element in a reversible manner. Such a composite anchor forms a central connection between the wood element and the prefabricated stone element and ensures efficient force transmission between these two materials. The anchor shaft is designed primarily to enable secure anchoring in the wood.A particular advantage is that the wood thread can be designed to allow for a removable screw connection. This makes it possible to dismantle or replace the composite anchors if necessary, which is especially beneficial during renovation or modernization projects.

[0033] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the composite anchor is provided that it is made at least partially, preferably entirely, of an unhardened steel material, preferably comprising an unhardened stone shaft section and an unhardened wooden shaft section, and preferably that the unhardened wooden shaft section is provided at least partially with a wood thread produced by cold forming, by means of which the wooden shaft section, and thus the composite anchor, can be screwed into the wooden element. The use of an unhardened steel material for the composite anchor offers decisive advantages over hardened anchors, particularly with regard to ductility and fracture resistance.While hardened composite anchors are more brittle and prone to failure under high loads or unforeseen stresses, such as those caused by construction work or load shifts, an unhardened anchor offers greater plastic deformability. This allows the anchor to withstand larger peak loads without breaking and exhibits improved performance under cyclic loading. A particularly important advantage lies in the possibility of cold-forming the wood thread. This cold-forming process optimizes the surface structure of the thread, resulting in higher tensile strength. Simultaneously, this manufacturing method allows the wood thread to be designed so that the composite anchor can be securely fastened into the wood element simply by screwing it in.This significantly simplifies assembly and ensures improved adhesion to the wood, especially in combination with the concept of a defined roughness in the support area of ​​the stone prefabricated element described above.

[0034] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the unhardened wooden shaft area containing the wooden thread has a tensile load-bearing capacity that is a maximum of 0.5 kN to 10.0 kN greater than the tensile load-bearing capacity of this wooden shaft area in defined screw-in wooden components with a wood density of 310 kg / m³. 3 up to 500 kg / m² 3, based on an insertion angle in the timber of 40° to 50°, wherein it is preferably provided that the stone shank section, at least in the transition area to the timber shank section, has a larger shank diameter than a shank section of the timber shank section that defines the thread core diameter. The targeted adjustment of the tensile load-bearing capacity of the timber shank section ensures that the composite anchor is optimally matched to the mechanical requirements in the timber-stone connection. In particular, the specified range of tensile load-bearing capacity ensures that the composite anchor is neither over-dimensioned—which could cause unnecessary material costs—nor under-dimensioned, which would impair the structural safety of the load-bearing structure. The stone shank section can have a larger shank diameter in the transition area to the timber shank section.This ensures a smooth load transfer between the two shaft sections and avoids notch effects that could otherwise lead to stress concentrations and potential material failure. Particularly in combination with the cold-formed, unhardened wood thread, this creates a composite anchor characterized by high load-bearing capacity and improved fracture resistance. This is especially advantageous for long-lasting structures or structures subject to fluctuating loads.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the cold-formed, unhardened wooden shaft area can have a tensile load-bearing capacity that is greater than the tensile load-bearing capacity of the screw shaft before cold forming, wherein the tensile load-bearing capacity is preferably 10% to 20% higher, preferably in each case based on a strength of the steel base material of at least 580 N / mm². 2In another alternative or additional variant, the tensile load-bearing capacity of the cold-formed, unhardened wooden shaft area can be between 16.0 kN and 18.0 kN, preferably between 16.5 kN and 16.8 kN, wherein a tensile load-bearing capacity of a maximum of 15.5 kN, preferably between 12.5 kN and 15.4 kN, is present before cold forming.

[0036] The anchoring length of the unhardened wooden shaft area in the screw-in wood can be between 100 mm and 300 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 260 mm, most preferably approximately 120 mm.

[0037] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one prefabricated stone element has several spaced-apart through-openings that are inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal. A composite anchor is connected through each through-opening to an associated area of ​​a wooden element, such that the angular position of the through-opening determines the angular position of the fully installed composite anchor. This targeted angular alignment of the through-openings ensures precise and repeatable installation of the composite anchors. Since the openings are already incorporated into the prefabricated stone element at a predetermined angle, it is ensured that the composite anchors are installed in the desired inclined position without the need for additional guides.This significantly simplifies installation, especially in industrial prefabrication or series production of composite components. The angled arrangement of the through-holes also contributes substantially to load transfer within the timber-masonry composite system. The inclination of the composite anchors efficiently transfers both vertical and horizontal forces into the structure, resulting in improved composite action between the materials.

[0038] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, each through-opening has a cup opening, preferably oriented at an angle to a surface of the prefabricated stone element, as an access opening. A smaller diameter through-channel is connected to this opening, preferably centrally. Furthermore, it is preferred that, in the assembled state, the composite anchor rests against and is supported by its anchor head against the base of the cup opening, preferably via a washer, while the wooden shaft section is anchored in an associated wooden element. It is also particularly preferred that, in the assembled state, the stone shaft section is substantially shaped and / or contour-adapted and / or received in the through-channel with a circumferential gap to the channel wall, and / or that the stone shaft section has a smooth surface or a surface texture.The design of the through-openings with an angled pot opening and a connecting through-channel offers several technical advantages:

[0039] Firstly, the pot opening facilitates the positioning and guidance of the bonded anchor during installation, as it serves as a bearing and support surface for the anchor head. This enables a positive connection between the bonded anchor, the precast stone element, and the timber element, with a washer serving as an additional load distribution layer.

[0040] The smaller diameter of the through-channel ensures that the composite anchor is fixed in the desired orientation, while simultaneously enabling controlled load transfer between the timber element and the precast stone element. Combined with a channel that is essentially or almost form- and / or contour-matched to the stone shaft, this guarantees high dimensional accuracy, minimizing relative movement and increasing the stiffness of the connection. Alternatively, a circumferential gap between the stone shaft and the channel wall can be specifically designed to ensure an optimal balance between facilitating the positioning of the composite anchor, accommodating installation tolerances, and controlling shear transfer.A defined gap size ensures that, on the one hand, relative movements between the connected components are minimized, thereby improving the overall stability of the composite system, while on the other hand, no unwanted stresses arise between the precast stone element and the timber element. Furthermore, the circumferential gap allows for precise guidance of the composite anchor, so that the load transfer occurs directly via the anchor force and mechanical constraints are avoided. In addition, the circumferential gap enables a uniform stress distribution, particularly under alternating loads or dynamic stresses.

[0041] Furthermore, the stone shaft area can be provided with either a smooth surface or a defined surface structure to optimize the bonding effect. A smooth surface, for example, can help to make the bonded anchor easy to install and dismantle, while a structured surface can enable improved adhesion within the precast stone element. According to another particularly preferred embodiment, two precast stone elements with a longitudinal bearing edge having longitudinally straight side surfaces each rest on a transverse half of an associated wooden element. It is further provided that the through-openings in the longitudinal bearing edges of the precast stone elements are formed, preferably inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, such that the bonded anchors are angled in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element.This design enables a stable and material-saving connection between the prefabricated stone elements and the wooden element, as each stone element rests on one half of the wooden element. The strategic placement of the through-holes in the longitudinal edges of the supports ensures that the composite anchors are optimally positioned for efficient load transfer. The angled arrangement of the composite anchors along the length of the wooden element ensures that both vertical and horizontal forces are reliably absorbed, thereby increasing the stability of the connection and achieving a shear-resistant bolted joint.

[0042] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, two prefabricated stone elements rest on a wooden element with a longitudinal bearing edge, the longitudinal bearing edges each having an interlocking tooth structure. Furthermore, at least some of the teeth of the tooth structure have through-holes, preferably inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal such that the connecting anchors are oriented at an angle in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element. The interlocking tooth structure on the longitudinal bearing edges of the prefabricated stone elements achieves improved mechanical interlocking between the elements. This provides additional positive locking of the connection and reduces relative movement between the prefabricated stone elements.The arrangement of the through-holes within the tooth structure allows for even more stable anchoring of the composite anchors, as the forces are specifically transferred into the wooden element via the interlocking mechanism. This design can be particularly advantageous for relatively narrow wooden elements, as it allows for a centered arrangement of the composite anchors within the load-bearing area of ​​the wooden element.

[0043] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one prefabricated stone element is arranged between two opposing wooden elements, preferably inserted into recesses in the wooden elements and / or resting on support strips attached to the wooden elements. Furthermore, the openings in the longitudinal edge regions of the prefabricated stone elements are inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, such that the mounted composite anchors are inserted obliquely from the side and above into the wooden elements and anchored there. This configuration allows for a particularly space-saving construction, which is especially advantageous for ceilings with a low structural height. Inserting the prefabricated stone elements into recesses in the wooden elements or resting them on support strips creates a mechanically stable connection that ensures even load distribution.The angled insertion of the composite anchors from the side and top ensures a high bond between the materials and helps to distribute the forces evenly across the structure.

[0044] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the prefabricated stone elements are spaced apart by a longitudinally extending grout channel and rest on the wooden elements with bearing edges. The grout channel is filled with a grout material, so that the composite anchors, which are anchored in the wooden elements and inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, are connected to the prefabricated stone elements via the grout material. It is also preferable that the composite anchors are anchored with their wooden shaft sections in associated wooden elements and cast with their stone shaft sections in the grout material. This design offers the advantage of creating an indirect connection between the prefabricated stone elements and the wooden elements via the grout material. This results in high shear strength while simultaneously compensating for assembly tolerances.Furthermore, the potting channel improves the structural integrity of the overall system and enables even load transfer.

[0045] It is particularly preferred that the side surfaces of the bearing edges forming the casting channel have an edge structure with bulges and / or serrations, in particular undercut serrations, and / or roughness. This ensures even better mechanical interlocking between the casting material and the stone components, thereby further stabilizing the connection.

[0046] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, stirrup reinforcement is provided as shear stirrups in the grout channel and / or reinforcing loops, attached to the side faces of the precast stone elements and embedded within the grout channel, are arranged within the grout channel. The additional reinforcement in the grout channel significantly increases the load-bearing capacity. Shear stirrups ensure better absorption of transverse forces and prevent potential failure of the connection due to shear stress. The arrangement of reinforcing loops on the side faces of the precast stone elements allows for even deeper anchorage in the grout material, resulting in a long-term stable and highly load-bearing structure.

[0047] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the prefabricated stone elements are arranged in a butt joint in the longitudinal direction of the wooden elements, preferably in a grouted compression joint. This joint is closed at the bottom, particularly by the mutual contact of the elements, and open at the top, particularly by joint recesses, optionally with undercuts, forming a channel. The grouted compression joint ensures a force-fit connection between the prefabricated stone elements and contributes to a uniform load distribution.

[0048] Furthermore, according to another particularly preferred embodiment, a deflection of a wooden element, in particular a sag in existing buildings, can be leveled and compensated in height by means of a grouting material, in particular a leveling mortar.

[0049] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, functional layers and / or functional elements are attached to or within the wood-stone composite element for additional functions, in particular optionally for sound insulation, thermal insulation, fire protection, electrical and heating installations, as well as screeds and fills. These additional functional layers enable targeted adaptation of the load-bearing structure to specific building physics requirements and contribute to improved living comfort and energy efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, in addition to the composite component according to the invention, a structure with at least one composite component as described above is also claimed, in particular a building with a planar ceiling element designed as a composite component, for example and preferably based on a wooden ceiling. The advantages resulting from this have already been discussed in detail. In this respect, reference is made to the preceding explanations. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that buildings are indeed the preferred applications, in particular residential buildings, office buildings, industrial and commercial buildings, as well as listed buildings, where a dry, material-conserving, and adaptable construction method is advantageous. However, the invention is not limited to buildings but can also be useful for other structures.This includes in particular bridges, noise barriers, support structures, towers, hall structures, grandstands, underpasses and other load-bearing structures where a permanent, force-fit connection of prefabricated wood and stone elements is advantageous.

[0051] Due to the versatile applicability of the composite component according to the invention, the construction method can be specifically adapted to different static and building physics requirements, thereby optimizing both the load-bearing capacity and the longevity of the respective structures.

[0052] The invention is further explained by way of example embodiments, using a drawing as an illustration.

[0053] They show:

[0054] Fig. 1a shows a schematic diagram in the form of a partial view of a planar building ceiling designed as a composite component of a first embodiment, in which a prefabricated stone slab as a stone prefabricated element is connected to a wooden beam as a wooden element with inclined composite anchors to form a wood-stone composite element,

[0055] Fig. 1b shows a schematic diagram corresponding to Fig. 1, in which the composite component is formed by a rod-shaped wood-stone composite element,

[0056] Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial view from Fig. 1a showing a composite anchor connected to the wooden beam through a through-hole.

[0057] Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through a part of the building ceiling according to Figure 1a with two wooden beams and stone slabs arranged on the wooden beams,

[0058] Fig. 4 a view corresponding to Fig. 3 with additional ceiling elements, Fig. 5 a partial view from above of a wooden beam on which two partially shown stone slabs with interlocking toothed support edges rest,

[0059] Fig. 6 shows a cross-section through a building ceiling as a wood-stone composite element, with the stone slabs arranged between the wooden beams,

[0060] Fig. 7 shows a top view of a section of a building ceiling with a second embodiment of a wood-stone composite element, in which stone slabs are arranged on a wooden beam, separated by a grout channel filled with grout material.

[0061] Fig. 8 shows a cross-section along line AA from Fig. 7,

[0062] Fig. 9 shows a longitudinal section along line BB from Fig. 7,

[0063] Figs. 10, 11, 12 show different designs of potting channels.

[0064] Fig. 13 shows a cross-section along line CC from Fig. 12,

[0065] Fig. 14 schematically shows the systematic course of the force vectors in a composite component with a wood-stone composite element from a vertical load on a single-span system.

[0066] Figure 1a shows a longitudinal section through an edge area of ​​a building ceiling 1 as a composite component with a wood-stone composite element 2, in which a wooden beam 3 as a wood element rests and is supported at its end above a bearing 4 on a solid component 5, for example a wooden component.

[0067] The wood-stone composite element 2 is formed by a plurality of prefabricated stone slabs 6 arranged in a row and several parallel wooden beams 3 spaced at intervals. In the longitudinal section shown in Figure 1a, only a partial view of one wooden beam 3 and one stone slab 6 is visible. To assemble the wood-stone composite element 2, the stone slabs 6 are each screwed obliquely into the wooden beams 3 by means of a plurality of anchor bolts 7 through holes drilled in the stone slabs 6. "Oblique" means that the anchor bolts 7 are inclined relative to both the vertical axis y and the horizontal axis x.

[0068] Such a screw connection is enlarged and shown in detail in section in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows an enlarged composite anchor 7 with an anchor shaft 8, which has an end anchor head 9 as a tool attachment. Adjoining this, in the longitudinal direction of the anchor shaft, is a stone shaft section 10, which, in the assembled state, is received in the stone slab 6, and adjoining this is a wooden shaft section 11, which, in the assembled state, is screwed and anchored in the wooden beam. The anchor shaft 8 is preferably unhardened and thus ductile, with the wooden shaft section 11 being provided with a wood thread produced by cold forming. The stone shaft section 10 also has, here only as an example, a surface structure produced by cold forming; however, it can also be smooth-walled without any surface structure.

[0069] The stone slabs 6 are each connected to the wooden beams 3 by means of bonded anchors 7 through through-openings 12 in the area of ​​a support edge (see Figure 3). The through-opening 12 is carried out here at an angle 14 of 45° and consists of an upper cup opening 15 and a downwardly adjoining, preferably centrally adjoining, through-channel 16.

[0070] As shown in Figure 2, in the assembled state, the composite anchor 7 is screwed through the pot opening 15 and the passage channel 16 with its wooden shaft section 11 into the wooden beam 3 such that the anchor head 9, here by way of example via a washer 17, rests against and is supported on the bottom of the pot. The stone shaft section 10 of the composite anchor 7 is essentially adapted to the shape and / or contour of the passage channel 16, but could also be received therein, for example, with a circumferential gap to the wall of the passage channel. In Figures 1a, 3 and 4, the wood-stone composite element 2, consisting of stone slabs 6 and wooden beam 3, is shown on the upper side only by way of example with a layer of impact sound insulation 18, a screed 19, in particular a floating screed, and a floor covering 20, but this is not mandatory.Particularly in conjunction with composite components 1 formed by a rod-shaped wood-stone composite component 2, as schematically illustrated in Figure 1b, the wood-stone composite element 2 can, for example, be formed by exactly one wood element 3 and exactly one prefabricated stone element 6, for instance to form a rod-shaped lintel or beam in a building. In this case, the wood element 3 and the prefabricated stone element 6 have a geometry adapted to the shape and contour.

[0071] Figure 2 also schematically shows on the right side the wooden beam 3, which, for example, has a beam deflection in a middle field area, which can then be compensated for in height with leveling mortar 21.

[0072] Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a section of the building ceiling 1 with the timber-stone composite element 2, depicting two parallel timber beams 3 and 3a. A stone slab 6 rests on each of these beams with a bearing edge 13 and 13b on one transverse half of the timber beams 3 and 3a. On the left transverse side, another stone slab 6a is attached, also resting on the timber beam 3 with a bearing edge 13a. Similarly, on the right side, a stone slab 6b is attached with its bearing edge 13c to the timber beam 3a, and so on. The stone slabs 6, 6a, and 6b resting on the timber beams 3 and 3a are butted tightly against each other.

[0073] In the support edges 13, 13a, 13b, 13c, the through openings 12 described in Figure 2 are arranged with bevels aligned in the longitudinal direction of the beams in two adjacent screw directions. Sufficient beam width is required in each case to prevent the wood of the wooden beams 3, 3a from splitting out.

[0074] Figure 4 shows the same structure of the building ceiling 1 with the wood-stone composite element 2 as shown in Figure 3. In Figure 4, an additional insulation layer 22 is arranged between the wooden beams 3, 3a on the underside of the stone slabs 6, 6a, 6b. Two fastening methods for a suspended ceiling 23, 23a are also shown schematically: the suspended ceiling section 23 is directly connected to the wooden beam 3, and the suspended ceiling section 23a is connected to the wooden beam 3a by means of adjustable elements. A wiring element, for example a cable 25, is also shown schematically in the space between the ceiling and the subfloor.

[0075] Figure 5 shows a top view of a section of a relatively narrow wooden beam 3, which is too narrow for two spaced-apart parallel longitudinal rows of screwed composite anchors 7. One solution to this problem is that, for example, the bearing edges 13, 13a of stone slabs 6, 6a have an interlocking tooth structure 26, and that the through-holes 12 with the screwed-in composite anchors 7 are arranged in a portion of the teeth 27, which can then be arranged, for example, in a longitudinal row in a central region of the wooden beam 3.

[0076] Figure 6 shows another arrangement for forming a wood-stone composite element 2 of the building ceiling 1, in which the stone slabs 6, 6a, 6b are installed between the wooden beams 3, 3a and flush with them. For this purpose, support strips 28 are attached to both sides of the wooden beams 3, 3a, against which the stone slabs 6, 6a, 6b rest at their edges. In the arrangement variant according to Figure 6 as well, the stone slabs 6, 6a, 6b are screwed directly to the wooden beams 3, 3a with composite anchors 7 such that the through-openings 12 in the longitudinal edge regions of the stone slabs 6, 6a, 6n are arranged with bevels directed obliquely from the side and top in the transverse direction of the beams, so that the installed composite anchors 7 are anchored obliquely from the side and top into the wooden beams 3, 3a.

[0077] Figures 7 to 13 show a second embodiment of a building ceiling with a wood-stone composite element, in which stone slabs resting on wooden beams are not directly connected to the wooden beams via through-openings with composite anchors, but rather through a grout material that connects the stone slabs. In Figures 7 to 13, the same reference numerals for identical parts from the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6 are used.

[0078] Figure 7 shows a top view of a section of a wooden beam 3 on which a stone slab 6 and a stone slab 6a are spaced apart in certain areas with their bearing edges 13 and 13a, respectively, forming a longitudinal grouting channel 29 between them. In the fully assembled state, this channel is filled with a grouting material, for example, a grout 30. The grouting channel 29 has longitudinally offset undercut serrations 31, in which shear stirrups 32 may be inserted, if necessary, according to static requirements. A plurality of longitudinally offset anchor shafts, screwed into the wooden beam 3, with their stone shaft sections 13, are embedded in the grouting channel 29 and in the grout 30, as can be seen particularly in the cross-section in Figure 8 and the longitudinal section in Figure 9.

[0079] Further stone slabs 6d, 6c, which follow the stone slabs 6, 6a in the longitudinal direction of the beam, are arranged with a butt joint 33, which is designed as a grouted compression joint 34. As can be seen particularly in Figure 9, the grouted compression joint 34 is closed at the bottom by an opposing slab contact and is open at the top by joint recesses 35 with undercuts, forming a channel and being filled with grout.

[0080] Figure 10 shows in a top view an alternative design of the casting channel 29, each with channel edges as a sawtooth structure 36.

[0081] Figure 11 shows another variant of a casting channel 29, in which its channel edges have bulges 37.

[0082] Another variant of a design of a grouting channel 29 is shown in Figures 12 and 13, wherein in the grouting channel 29 reinforcement loops 38 inserted into the stone slabs 6, 6a project into its side surfaces, which may overlap and are cast in the grouting mortar together with the upper shaft areas of the bonded anchors 7.

[0083] Figure 14 schematically and in principle shows the systematic distribution of force vectors in a composite component 1 according to the invention, comprising a wood-stone composite element 2, resulting from a vertical load on a single-span system. Figure 14 also shows how the composite anchors 7 are generally and preferably arranged in a composite component 1, namely, with respect to a span center 39, preferably such that they are inclined to the left and right of the span center 39 at the same angle, here by way of example 45°, but in opposite directions. This is what creates the shear-resistant bond between the prefabricated stone element, here a stone slab 6, and the wood element, here a wooden beam 3. Preferably, the underside of the stone slab 6 facing the wooden beam 3 can also be provided with a defined roughness.

[0084] Under a vertical load 40, the compressive forces 41 acting in the stone slab 6 result in the quantitative compressive force distribution 42 shown above the stone slab 6, with a load peak in the area of ​​the center of the span 39. Similarly, under a vertical load 40 in the wooden beam 3, the tensile forces 43 acting in the wooden beam 3 result in the quantitative tensile force distribution 44 shown below the wooden beam 3, also with a load peak in the area of ​​the center of the span 39. The bond between the two components, achieved by means of the composite anchors 7 oriented at an angle of 45°, thus creates a composite component in which the resulting tensile and compressive forces are optimally transferred between the wooden beam 3 and the stone slab 6 via the composite anchors 7.This arrangement of the composite anchors 7 ensures that the compressive forces 41 occurring in the stone slab 6 and the tensile forces 43 acting in the wooden beam 3 are efficiently balanced, resulting in a shear-resistant composite structure. This ensures a high load-bearing capacity of the composite component 1, while simultaneously minimizing deformation and achieving a uniform stress distribution within the structure.

[0085] Additionally, the optional defined roughness on the underside of the stone slab 6 facing the wooden beam 3 can further improve the bonding effect by increasing the adhesion between the materials and reducing relative displacements.

[0086] According to the invention, the composite anchors 7 are also preferably arranged depending on the shear force distribution within a composite component. As shown schematically in Figure 14, the vertical load 40 of the composite component 1 results in a characteristic shear force distribution 45, in which the shear force is greatest near the supports 46, 47 and decreases continuously towards the center of the span 39.

[0087] Since the composite anchors 7 primarily serve to transmit the shear forces occurring between the materials, the anchor forces 46 are correspondingly higher in the support areas than in the center of the span 39. The anchor forces 46 are the forces acting in the composite anchors 7 to connect the timber element, here the timber beam 3, and the precast stone element, here the stone slab 6. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 14, the distribution of the anchor forces 46 follows the shear force distribution of the composite component: The anchor forces 46 are greatest in the support areas because the highest shear force occurs there, and the composite anchors 7 must withstand the greatest shear transmission. Towards the center of the span 39, the shear force decreases, resulting in lower anchor forces 46. This differs from the distribution of the internal compressive and tensile forces 41, 43 in the composite component 1, which are determined by the bending moment.These forces are greatest in the center of the span 39 because the highest bending moment occurs there, while they are low at the supports 47, 48. The anchor forces 46 are therefore primarily decisive for shear transmission, while the bending moment distribution determines the internal stresses in the wood and stone.

[0088] It follows that the composite anchors 7 are preferably arranged in a higher density in the support areas 47, 48, while a smaller number of composite anchors 7 can be provided in the center of the span 39. This coordinated distribution enables optimized load transfer, reduces material usage, and ensures that the composite effect is maximized, especially where the greatest forces occur.

[0089] The targeted arrangement of the composite anchors 7, depending on the shear force distribution, also contributes to minimizing undesirable deformations by avoiding local stress concentrations and improving the overall stability of the composite component. This results in high load-bearing capacity with economical material use. P 95BF 2503

[0090] List of reference signs

[0091] 1 Building ceiling

[0092] 2 wood-stone composite elements

[0093] 3, 3a Wooden beam / wooden element

[0094] 4 bearings

[0095] 5 Solid component

[0096] 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d Stone slab / prefabricated stone element

[0097] 7 bonded anchors

[0098] 8 Anchor shaft

[0099] 9 Anchor head

[0100] 10 Stone shaft area

[0101] 11 Wooden shaft area

[0102] 12. Passage opening

[0103] 13, 13a, 13b, 13c Support edge

[0104] 14 oblique angles

[0105] 15 pot opening

[0106] 16 through channel

[0107] 17 Washer

[0108] 18 T impact sound insulation

[0109] 19 screed

[0110] 20 coating

[0111] 21 leveling mortar

[0112] 22 Insulation layer

[0113] 23, 23a suspended ceiling

[0114] 24 setting elements

[0115] 25 cables

[0116] 26-tooth structure

[0117] 27 teeth

[0118] 28 support strips

[0119] 29 Potting channel

[0120] 30 Grouting mortar 31 Undercut toothing 32 Push bar

[0121] 33 butt joint

[0122] 34 Grouting pressure joint

[0123] 35 joint recesses 36 sawtooth structure

[0124] 37 bulges

[0125] 38 Reinforcement loop 39 Field center

[0126] 40 vertical load

[0127] 41 compressive force

[0128] 42 Pressure force curve

[0129] 43 tractive force

[0130] 44 Traction force curve

[0131] 45 Shear force diagram

[0132] 46 Anchor force

[0133] 47 supports

[0134] 48 supports

Claims

28 P 95BF 2503 Patent claims 1. Composite component for structures, in particular for buildings, comprising at least one, preferably elongated, wooden element (3) as a tension element and at least one compression element (6), wherein each wooden element (3) is connected to at least one associated compression element by means of several composite anchors (7) spaced apart from each other and inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, to form a composite element, characterized in that the at least one compression element for forming a wood-stone composite element (2) is formed from a prefabricated stone element (6).

2. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one stone prefabricated element (6) is designed as a prefabricated natural stone prefabricated element, preferably made of granite and / or basalt and / or diorite and / or gabbro and / or limestone and / or sandstone and / or travertine and / or slate and / or marble and / or gneiss and / or quartzite.

3. Composite component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wood-stone composite element (2), preferably formed by exactly one wood element (3) and exactly one prefabricated stone element (6), is rod-shaped, wherein it is preferably provided that the wood-stone composite element (2) has a geometry that is at least partially adapted in shape and contour to the wood element (3) and the prefabricated stone element (6).

4. Composite component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wood-stone composite element (2), preferably formed by at least two wood elements (3) and at least one prefabricated stone element (6), is designed as a flat surface.

5. Composite component according to claim 4, characterized in that the planar wood-stone composite element (2), preferably a planar ceiling element and / or planar floor element and / or planar side wall element and / or planar roof element and / or planar facade element, most preferably a wooden ceiling, comprises at least two spaced-apart, preferably elongated and / or substantially parallel, wooden elements (3) as tension elements, and that the planar wood-stone composite element (2) has at least one prefabricated stone element (6) that bridges the gap between two spaced-apart wood elements (3) and is directly or indirectly supported by them.

6. Composite component according to claim 5, characterized in that the planar wood-stone composite element (2) has at least two stone prefabricated elements (6) which are arranged in a laying direction, preferably in a laying direction extending in the extension direction of the wood elements (3).

7. Composite component according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, that at least one prefabricated stone element (6) is supported in a direction perpendicular to the laying direction by a support edge (13) in the area of ​​the associated wooden elements (3), and that at least one prefabricated stone element (6) is connected in the area of ​​the bearing edges (13) to an associated wooden element (3) by several composite anchors (7) inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal.

8. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one prefabricated stone element (6) is formed by a, preferably rectangular, plate.

9. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one wooden element (3) is formed by a wooden beam extending in a longitudinal direction, preferably by a wooden beam of a timber joist ceiling.

10. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one support area of ​​a prefabricated stone element (6), which rests against or is supported on a wooden element (3), has a defined roughness, wherein it is preferably provided that an underside of a prefabricated stone element (6) facing a wooden element (3) is provided with a defined roughness.

11. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inclined angle (14) of the composite anchors (7) is 30° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, particularly preferably 45°.

12. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite anchor (7) has an anchor shaft (8) with an end-end anchor head (9) as a tool attachment, to which, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the anchor shaft, an upper stone shaft section (10) extending in the assembled state in the stone prefabricated element (6) and a lower wooden shaft section (11) that can be anchored in the wooden element (3) in the assembled state are connected, wherein it is preferably provided that the wooden shaft section (11) is provided at least partially with a wooden thread by means of which the wooden shaft section (11) and thus the composite anchor (7) can be screwed into the wooden element (3).

13. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite anchor (7) is made at least partially, preferably completely, from an unhardened steel material, preferably comprising an unhardened stone shaft section (10) and an unhardened wooden shaft section (11), wherein it is preferably provided that the unhardened wooden shaft section (11) is provided at least partially with a wooden thread produced by cold forming, by means of which the wooden shaft section (11) and thus the composite anchor (7) can be screwed into the wooden element (3).

14. Composite component according to claim 13, characterized in that the unhardened wooden shaft section (11) having the wooden thread has a tensile load-bearing capacity which is a maximum of 0.5 kN to 10.0 kN greater than the tensile load-bearing capacity of this wooden shaft section (11) in defined screw-in wooden components with a wood density of 310 kg / m³. 3 up to 500 kg / m²3 , based on a screw-in angle in the screw-in wood of 40° to 50°, wherein it is preferably provided that the stone shaft area (10) is designed with a larger shaft diameter at least in the transition area to the wood shaft area (11) than a shaft area of ​​the wood shaft area (11) defining the thread core diameter.

15. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one prefabricated stone element (6) has several spaced-apart through-openings (12) which are inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, wherein a composite anchor (7) is connected through each through-opening (12) to an associated area of ​​a wooden element (3), so that the angular position of the through-opening (12) determines the angular position of the fully assembled composite anchor (7).

16. Composite component according to one of claims 12 to 14 and according to claim 15, characterized in that that the through-openings (12) each have a pot opening (15) as an access opening, preferably oriented at an angle with respect to a surface of the stone finished element (6), to which a through-channel (16) of smaller diameter is connected, preferably centrally, that the composite anchor (7) in the assembled state rests and is supported with its anchor head (9), preferably via a washer (17), on a pot base of the pot opening (15), while the wooden shaft section (11) is anchored in an associated wooden element (3), wherein it is preferably provided that the stone shaft section (10) in the assembled state is substantially shaped and / or contour-adapted and / or is received in the passage channel (16) with a circumferential gap to the passage channel wall and / or that the stone shaft section (10) has a smooth surface or a surface structure.

17. Composite component according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, 32 that two stone prefabricated elements (6, 6a) with a longitudinal support edge (13, 13a) with longitudinally straight side surfaces each rest on a transverse half of an associated wooden element (3), that the through openings (12) are formed in the longitudinal bearing edges (13, 13a) of the stone prefabricated elements (6, 6a), preferably are inclined in such a way as to both the vertical axis and the horizontal axis that the composite anchors (7) are set at an angle in the longitudinal direction of the wood element.

18. Composite component according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, that two stone prefabricated elements (6, 6a) with a bearing longitudinal edge (13, 13a) rest on a wooden element (3), wherein the bearing longitudinal edges (13, 13a) each have an associated and interlocking tooth structure (26), that at least in a part of the teeth (27) of the tooth structure (26) the through openings (12) are formed, preferably inclined to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, such that the composite anchors (7) are set at an angle in the longitudinal direction of the wood element.

19. Composite component according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, that the at least one stone prefabricated element (6) is arranged between two opposing wooden elements (3, 3a), preferably lies in notches of the wooden elements (3) and / or rests on support strips (28) attached to the wooden elements (3), that the passage openings (12) in the longitudinal edge areas of the stone prefabricated elements (6, 6a) are inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal, such that the mounted composite anchors (7) are inserted obliquely from the side above into the wooden elements (3) and anchored there.

20. Composite component according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the prefabricated stone elements (6, 6a) are spaced apart by a longitudinally extending grout channel (29) and rest on the wooden elements (3) with support edges (13, 13a), wherein the grout channel (29) is filled with a grout material (30)33 is poured so that the composite anchors (7) anchored in the wooden elements (3) and inclined relative to both the vertical axis and the horizontal are connected to the stone prefabricated elements (6, 6a) via the grout material (30), wherein it is preferably provided that the composite anchors are anchored with their wooden shaft areas (11) in associated wooden elements (3) and are cast with their stone shaft areas (10) in the grout material (30).

21. Composite component according to claim 20, characterized in that the side surfaces of the support edges (13, 13a) forming the potting channel (29) have an edge structure with protrusions (37) and / or serrations (26), in particular undercut serrations (31), and / or roughnesses.

22. Composite component according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, that stirrup reinforcements are inserted as shear stirrups (32) in the grouting channel (29), and / or that reinforcement loops (38) attached to the side surfaces of the precast stone elements (6) and lying in the grouting channel (29) are arranged in the grouting channel (29).

23. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the stone prefabricated elements (6, 6d; 6a, 6c) are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element, each abutting the other with a butt joint (33), preferably being a grouted compression joint (34) which is closed downwards, in particular by the mutual contact of the elements, and open upwards, in particular by joint recesses (35), optionally with undercuts, in a channel-like manner, and is filled with grout material (30), in particular with grout mortar, and / or that the smoothly arranged element panels (6, 6d; 6a, 6c) are connected at the butt joint (33), preferably with adhesive or mortar.

24. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a deflection of a wooden element (3), in particular a sag in existing buildings, is leveled and compensated in height by means of a grouting material, in particular a leveling mortar. 34 25. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that functional layers and / or functional elements, in particular optionally for sound insulation (18), for insulation (22), for fire protection, for electrical and heating installation (25) as well as screeds (19) and fills are attached to or in the wood-stone composite element (2) for further functions (1).

26. Structure comprising at least one composite component according to one of the preceding claims.

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