Modular formwork for building any type of concrete structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular formwork for structures built from poured concrete comprising main (M1, M2, M3) and secondary (M1', M2', M3') elements, the elements defining a space for receiving the concrete, each element comprising two longitudinal faces (10, 11), at least one of which serves as a formwork face, two lateral faces (20, 21) and two transverse faces (30, 31), and assembly means (32, 33, 42, 43). According to the main features, each element comprises lateral holes (22, 23) that pass through the element from one lateral face to the other, a first series of lateral edge-to-face assembly holes (22) configured for assembling two or more of the elements laterally and perpendicularly, and a second series of lateral edge-to-edge assembly holes (23) for assembling two or more of the elements laterally and in parallel, each lateral edge-to-edge assembly hole (23) being located between two equidistant and aligned lateral edge-to-face assembly holes (22). Figure for the abstract: Figure 11

Description

Modular formwork for the construction of all types of concrete structures

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of formwork elements for shaping parts of buildings on site and relates in particular to modular formwork for the construction of any type of concrete structure. State of the art

[0002] Formwork, or a formwork panel, is a temporary support structure manufactured according to design requirements to define the specified geometric shapes and dimensions of a building element, such as a wall, footing, beam, column, girder, lintel, etc. The formwork is then filled by pouring a fluid construction material like concrete. After the concrete has set, the formwork is removed and may be reused.

[0003] In general, construction professionals primarily use timber beams, wood or plywood panels, or metal panels. Metal formwork is heavy and prone to rust. Furthermore, it is difficult to assemble and construct, and also difficult to demold, sometimes requiring the application of a release agent.

[0004] The wooden formwork beam has changed little over the centuries and remains largely unaffected by the technological upheavals we are experiencing. Today's skilled masons, known as "formwork specialists," continue to use the same techniques for manufacturing formwork based on beams. The construction of a formwork panel for a concrete structural element of a specific cross-section is achieved using whole panels of varying dimensions or by assembling wooden beams joined together with wooden crossbeams and stabilized with nails.

[0005] One of the drawbacks of using wood for formwork is the time spent cutting it to the correct dimensions and assembling the formwork. Furthermore, since the wood is cut to the specific dimensions of the formwork, it can only be reused for other formwork of similar dimensions or adapted for smaller formwork. This leads to high raw material consumption and significant industrial waste production, which is detrimental to global environmental protection.

[0006] Therefore, the aim of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by providing a reusable and universal modular formwork that can be used for any type of construction of structures based on cast concrete.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore a modular formwork intended to create structures constructed from a cast construction material comprising a plurality of elements among primary and secondary elements, the elements defining a space for receiving the construction material, each primary and secondary element having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of the same thickness, each element comprising two longitudinal faces which serve as formwork faces, two lateral faces of the same length as the longitudinal faces and two transverse faces, and means for assembling the elements together.According to the main features of the invention, each element comprises lateral holes passing through the element in its width and perpendicularly from one lateral face to the other, a first series of lateral edge-to-edge assembly holes configured to receive the assembly means for laterally and perpendicularly assembling two or more of the elements and a second series of lateral edge-to-edge assembly holes configured to receive the assembly means for laterally and parallel assembling two or more of the elements, each lateral edge-to-edge assembly hole is located between two lateral edge-to-edge assembly holes, all the lateral holes being equidistant and aligned along the longitudinal direction.

[0008] According to advantageous but optional features of the invention, taken individually or in any technically admissible combination: each main element comprises a set of transverse holes passing through the element in its thickness and perpendicularly from one longitudinal face to the other, said transverse holes being aligned and equidistant are located at a distance L from one of the longitudinal edges of the longitudinal faces, the distance L being equal to half the thickness of the elements and each transverse hole being located in the same transverse plane as a lateral hole of the first series of lateral holes of face-to-edge assembly so as to cross perpendicularly.The transverse holes of the elements are configured to receive the assembly means for laterally and perpendicularly joining in series at least one of the main elements with at least one of the preferably secondary elements by their lateral assembly holes face to edge. The assembly means for joining two or more elements include screws and nuts. Each element includes on each of the transverse faces a slot extending from one lateral face to the other and parallel to the longitudinal faces, the slot opening into a cavity wider than the width of the slot, each slot being traversed by at least one transverse end hole passing through the element from one longitudinal face to the other.A filler piece includes a portion with a shape complementary to the cavity, a flat portion with a shape complementary to the slot, at least one through hole in the flat portion configured to receive a locking screw, when the filler piece is in place inside its housing formed by the cavity and the slot, the at least one through hole in the flat portion is opposite the, at least one transverse end hole located at the end of the element.A parallel connecting piece configured to join two elements of the same width in a parallel longitudinal assembly, the parallel connecting piece comprising two parts of shape complementary to the cavity, two flat parts of shape complementary to the slot, at least one through hole per flat part, the parallel connecting piece being configured to fit inside the housing formed by the slots and cavities located at the ends of the two assembled elements, the at least one through hole of each flat part is configured to receive a locking screw in order to immobilize and secure the connecting piece with the two elements.A perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece configured to join two elements of the same width according to a longitudinal perpendicular edge-to-face assembly, comprises two parts of shape complementary to the cavity, two flat parts of shape complementary to the slot, at least one through hole per flat part, an intermediate part located between the two flat parts and of shape configured to follow the contour of the angle of the two elements joined according to a longitudinal perpendicular edge-to-face assembly, the perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece being placed inside the housing formed by each of the slots and cavities located at the ends of the two assembled elements.A perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece configured to join two elements of the same width according to a longitudinal perpendicular edge-to-edge assembly, comprises two parts of shape complementary to the cavity, two flat parts of shape complementary to the slot, at least one through hole per flat part, an intermediate part located between the two flat parts and of shape configured to follow the contour of the angle of the two elements joined according to a longitudinal perpendicular edge-to-edge assembly, the perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece being placed inside the housing formed by each of the slots and cavities located at the ends of the two assembled elements.The elements have three different widths: 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The elements have a length between 20 cm and 300 cm, and preferably 20 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 210 cm, 300 cm, or 390 cm. The elements have a thickness of 5 cm. Two lateral holes are placed side by side and separated by a distance of 15 cm, and two transverse holes are placed side by side and separated by a distance of 30 cm. Each lateral hole is fitted with a metal tube the size of the hole, the metal tube being pressed against the walls of the hole.A plug configured to seal transverse holes not used by the assembly means and forming part of the formwork face, the plug comprises a sealing stem approximately 1 cm long and a head with a thickness between 4 and 8 mm, the diameter of the plug being substantially equal to the diameter of the hole into which it is inserted. The plug includes two notches in its head for easy removal from the hole. Each transverse hole is fitted with a metal piece fixed inside the hole and at each end of the hole. The metal piece comprises a cylindrical tube pressed against the walls of the hole and a shoulder at the end of the tube, located at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the plug head. The components are made of recycled plastic.

[0009] Finally, another object of the invention is a column formwork made from a modular formwork according to the invention, comprising two main panels parallel to each other and two secondary panels parallel to each other and extending perpendicularly between the two main panels, each panel comprising one or more elements assembled according to a parallel lateral assembly, each main panel comprising at least two main elements located at the two ends of the panel while each secondary panel preferably comprises at least one secondary element or at least one main element, the width of the secondary panels is equal to the dimension of the first side of the column section while the width of the main panels is equal to the dimension of the second side of the column section increased by twice the thickness of the elements,the first side of the post section having a length less than or equal to the length of the second side of the post section. Brief description of the figures

[0010] The aims, objects, and features of the invention will become clearer upon reading the following description, made with reference to the drawings in which:

[0011] represents a schematic view of a main formwork element,

[0012] represents a schematic view of a secondary formwork element,

[0013] represents two formwork elements according to the invention, assembled in a parallel lateral assembly,

[0014] represents two formwork elements according to the invention, assembled according to a perpendicular lateral assembly,

[0015] represents a filler piece and the end of a formwork element into which it fits,

[0016] represents a filler piece being inserted into the designated slot at the end of a formwork element,

[0017] represents two elements being assembled in a parallel longitudinal assembly,

[0018] represents two elements being assembled according to a parallel longitudinal assembly and a parallel connecting piece,

[0019] represents a perpendicular connecting piece "edge to face",

[0020] represents an assembly with the perpendicular connecting piece "edge to face",

[0021] represents a perpendicular connecting piece "edge to edge",

[0022] represents an assembly with the perpendicular connecting piece "edge to edge",

[0023] represents in detail the holes in the elements according to the invention.

[0024] represents a stopper according to the invention,

[0025] represents an example of closed formwork,

[0026] represents an example of slab formwork,

[0027] represents an example of central retaining formwork,

[0028] represents an example of corner retaining formwork,

[0029] represents an example of lateral retaining formwork. Detailed description of the invention

[0030] The device according to the invention is a modular formwork system comprising a set of different parts which, when assembled together, allow for any formwork configuration useful for cast concrete construction. The modular formwork system according to the invention comprises at least one main element M1, M2, and M3 shown in Figure 1 and also includes, as appropriate, one or more other elements from among the main elements and / or from among the secondary elements M1', M2', and M3' shown in Figure 1. In the following description, the characteristics mentioned for the elements refer to all elements M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', and M3' unless otherwise specified. All the elements are rectangular in shape and therefore have six faces, two pairs of which are parallel. The six faces consist of two longitudinal faces 10 and 11, two lateral faces 20 and 21, and two transverse faces 30 and 31.The longitudinal faces are smooth and serve as formwork surfaces, meaning that both longitudinal faces are designed to be in contact with the poured concrete during the construction of a concrete structure. Regardless of the elements assembled to form modular formwork, all assembled elements have at least one longitudinal face that serves as formwork face.

[0031] In the description, unless otherwise specified, the term transversal refers to the transverse faces of the elements or to planes, directions or faces perpendicular to the longitudinal faces of the elements.

[0032] The length of the elements corresponds to the length of the longitudinal and lateral faces, and the thickness is the same for all elements and preferably equal to 5 cm. The length of the elements is between 20 cm and 300 cm and preferably equal to 20 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 210 cm, 300 cm, and 390 cm. The modular formwork according to the invention comprises elements having all these lengths and three widths of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm.

[0033] Each element comprises a first set of lateral holes 22 and a second set of lateral holes 23. All the lateral holes 22 and 23 pass through the element across its width and perpendicularly from one lateral face to the other, the holes being aligned and equidistant. Two adjacent holes 22 and two adjacent holes 23 are separated by a distance of 30 cm. Each hole 23 is positioned between two holes 22 such that an adjacent hole 22 and hole 23 are separated by a distance of 15 cm. The lateral holes 22 and 23 are configured to receive fasteners such as screws in the form of long metal rods for joining the elements together. The elements also have, on one of their transverse faces 30 or 31, a slot 34 of constant thickness except at its end located inside the element, where it widens to form a parallelepiped or cylindrical cavity 24.The slot 34 and the cavity 24 are parallel to the longitudinal faces 10 and 11 of the element and perpendicular to the lateral faces 20 and 21. The slot 34 and the cavity 24 cross the entire width of the element, from the lateral face 20 to the lateral face 21.

[0034] All elements have a slot 34 and a cavity 24 at each end except for elements of length equal to 20 cm which have a slot 34 and a cavity 24 at only one end.

[0035] Slot 34 and cavity 24 are designed to receive a part of complementary shape described later in the description.

[0036] Each slot 34 communicates with at least one transverse end hole 14, passing perpendicularly through the element from one longitudinal face 10 to the other 11. Preferably, the elements have one, two, or three holes at each end depending on their width; thus, elements with a width of 10 cm have one hole, elements with a width of 15 cm have two holes, and elements with a width of 20 cm have three holes. All elements have between one and three transverse end holes 14 at each end, except for elements with a length of 20 cm, which have between one and three holes 14 at only one end. The transverse end holes 14 are located at a distance from the nearest transverse edge equal to the thickness of the element and are equidistant from each other by a distance equal to the thickness of the element.

[0037] The transverse end holes 14 located on the same end are designed to receive a locking screw to lock the complementary shaped piece when it is placed in the slot 34 and the cavity 24.

[0038] Each element M1, M2, and M3 comprises a set of transverse holes 12 passing through its thickness and perpendicularly from one longitudinal face to the other, the holes being aligned and equidistant. Two adjacent holes 12 are separated by a distance of 30 cm. The centers of the holes 12 are located at a distance L from the nearest longitudinal edges of the longitudinal faces 10 and 11, the distance L being equal to half the thickness of the elements. This is to allow for edge-to-edge assembly of the elements assembled according to a perpendicular lateral assembly described later. The holes 12 and the holes 22 are located at the same height on each element so that the holes 12 and 22 lie in the same transverse plane and intersect.

[0039] Elements M1', M2' and M3' do not include holes 12.

[0040] The elements can be assembled together to form structures of any shape and nature, commonly made of masonry, such as footings, stringers, straightening posts, ordinary posts, corner posts, beams, lintels, window sills, walls and parapets.

[0041] The elements can be assembled in several types of assembly. In the following description, a lateral assembly refers to the assembly of two elements in the width direction, and a longitudinal assembly refers to the assembly of two elements in the length direction.

[0042] The lateral joint is either a parallel joint or a perpendicular joint. In a parallel lateral joint as illustrated in Figure 1, the lateral face 21 of a first element is placed against the lateral face 20 of a second element so as to align the holes 23 of the first element with the holes 23 of the second element. The two joined elements may be of the same length or different lengths, positioned side by side or offset. In the case of two offset elements or two elements of different lengths, some or all of the holes 23 of the first element will be aligned with all or part of the holes 23 of the second element. Two or more elements may be joined in this way. The lateral holes 23 are edge-to-edge joint holes. Figure 1 represents a parallel lateral joint of a first element M1, M2, or M3 with a second element M1', M2', or M'3.However, the modular formwork according to the invention allows for the parallel lateral assembly of any elements together. The two elements are held under pressure against each other by means of assembly means comprising a set of long screws 33 and nuts 43, the screws passing through the aligned holes 23 of the first and second elements, each screw being connected to a nut 43 so as to maintain the assembled elements tightly pressed against each other in a reversible manner. In such an assembly, the holes 22 are left free.

[0043] In a perpendicular lateral joint, a first element is placed perpendicular to at least one other element, as shown in the figure, such that the lateral face 21 of the second element is against the longitudinal face 10 of the first element, aligning the holes 22 of the second element with the holes 12 of the first element. For this joint, the first element must be of type M1, M2, or M3. The second element can be of type M1, M2, or M3, but this will require plugging the unused transverse holes on the formwork faces. The perpendicular lateral joint is achieved when at least two elements are held together by means of fasteners comprising a set of long screws 32 and nuts 42. The screws 32 pass through the lateral holes 22 of the second element and through the holes 12 of the first element.The lateral holes 22 are edge-to-edge assembly holes, and the transverse holes 12 are face-to-edge assembly holes. When a perpendicular lateral assembly comprises more than two elements, the additional elements are always connected to the second element by contact of two lateral faces and by alignment of their lateral holes 22. According to the assembly illustrated in the figure, the holes 23 of the first element of the assembly, corresponding to the element whose lateral face is not against the longitudinal face of a second element, are free to receive screws 33 to assemble the first element with other elements according to a parallel lateral assembly.

[0044] In all parallel or perpendicular lateral assemblies, the elements connected by contact only on their lateral face can be secondary elements M1', M2', M3', that is to say, elements equivalent in dimensions to elements M1, M2 and M3 but without transverse holes 12. Their use has the advantage that they avoid the use of plugs for transverse holes on the formwork faces.

[0045] Each screw 33 and 32 includes a threaded shank over all or part of its length and preferably a square flat head.

[0046] When the formwork elements are not extended by other elements in a longitudinal assembly, each slot 34 and each cavity 24 is filled by a complementary shaped piece called a filler piece, illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b. Thus, when filling the formwork by pouring concrete, there is no risk of filling the slots 24 and cavities 34 with concrete. Furthermore, the fillers reinforce the ends of the elements. Preferably, a filler piece 100 fills the space between the slot 24 and the cavity 34 extending from it so as not to protrude beyond the faces of the element into which it is inserted. The filler piece 100 has the same width as the element into which it is inserted.To fill the cavities of elements M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', and M3', there are three different filler pieces, each comprising, with reference to the figure, a portion 124 whose shape complements the cavity 24, i.e., parallelepiped or cylindrical, and a flat portion 134 whose shape complements the slot 34. The filler piece 100 also includes at least one through hole 114 in the flat portion 134, which, when the filler piece 100 is in place within its housing formed by the spaces 124 and 134, is aligned with (at least one) transverse end hole 14 formed at the end of the element. Thus, a locking screw 144 is inserted into the transverse end hole 14 of the element and into the hole 114 of the filler piece in order to immobilize and secure the filler piece to the element.

[0047] Two elements of the same width can be joined lengthwise in a longitudinal joint. A longitudinal joint can be parallel when the joined elements are parallel to each other, or angular when the joined elements form an angle. The angular joint described below is a perpendicular joint.

[0048] In a parallel longitudinal assembly, one of the transverse faces of a first element, for example face 31 (reference to the), is placed against one of the transverse faces of a second element, for example face 30, so as to align the slot 34 of the first element with the slot 34 of the second element. The two elements are held together by means of a parallel connecting piece 200 whose shape is complementary to the space formed by the two slots 34 and the two cavities 24 of the two elements in contact by their transverse faces 30 and 31. The piece 200 therefore has a flat portion corresponding to two flat portions 134 of the connecting piece and two portions 124 located at the two ends.The parallel connecting piece 200 also includes at least two through holes 214 in the flat portion which, when the parallel connecting piece 200 is in place within its housing formed by the spaces 24 and 34, are aligned with the (at least two) transverse end holes 14 formed at the end of each element. Thus, a locking screw 234 is inserted into each hole 14 of each element and into each hole 214 of the parallel connecting piece in order to immobilize and secure the parallel connecting piece to the two elements and to join the two elements together as can be seen in the diagram, according to a parallel longitudinal assembly.

[0049] In a perpendicular longitudinal joint of the "edge-to-face" type, one of the transverse faces of a first element M1, M2, or M3, for example face 31 in Figure 1, is opposite one of the longitudinal faces, for example face 11, of a second element M1', M2', or M3', such that the two elements are aligned longitudinally and form a single salient perpendicular angle. The two elements are held together by means of a perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece 300, illustrated in Figure 1. The "edge" here refers to the transverse face that is placed against the longitudinal face, and the "face" refers to the longitudinal face against which the transverse face is attached. The piece 300 comprises a portion shaped to complement the space formed by the two slots 34 and the two cavities 24 of the two elements placed perpendicularly in the position described above, and a connecting portion 344.The part therefore comprises a first part 124 extended by a first flat part 134, the intermediate part 344 and a second flat part 134 at the end of which there is a second part 124. The first parts 124 and 134 are in a plane perpendicular to the second parts 124 and 134. The intermediate part 344 links the two flat parts 124 and has a shape configured to follow the contour of the "edge against face" angle formed by the two elements.

[0050] In a perpendicular longitudinal edge-to-edge assembly, one of the transverse edges of the longitudinal face of a first element M1, M2, or M3—for example, face 11 in the figure—is placed against a transverse edge of one of the longitudinal faces, for example, face 11 of a second element M1', M2', or M3', such that the two elements are aligned longitudinally and form a salient perpendicular angle. The two elements are held together by means of a perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece 400, illustrated in the figure. The piece 400 comprises a portion shaped to complement the space formed by the two slots 34 and the two cavities 24 of the two elements placed perpendicularly in the position described above, and an intermediate portion.Part 400 therefore comprises a first part 124 extended by a first flat part 134, the intermediate part and a second flat part 134 at the end of which there is a second part 124. The first parts 124 and 134 are in a plane perpendicular to the second parts 124 and 134. The intermediate part 444 connects the two flat parts 134 so as to follow the contour of the edge-to-edge angle formed by the two elements.

[0051] Each perpendicular connecting piece 300 and 400 also includes at least one through hole 314 and 414 respectively located in the flat part 134 which, when the perpendicular connecting piece 300 or 400 is in place inside its housing formed by the spaces 24 and 34, are opposite the transverse end holes 14 located at the end of each element.

[0052] Thus, to immobilize and secure the perpendicular connecting piece edge to face 300 with the two elements and to secure the two elements together, a locking screw 334 is inserted into each hole 14 communicating with a hole 314 of the connecting piece 300. Similarly, to immobilize and secure the perpendicular connecting piece edge to edge 400 with the two elements and to secure the two elements together, a locking screw 434 is inserted into each hole 14 communicating with a hole 414 of the connecting piece.

[0053] The filler pieces are made of recycled plastic while the parallel and perpendicular connecting pieces are made of metal and preferably of aluminium for its lightness and strength.

[0054] For all types of formwork, the faces in contact with the concrete must be smooth and free of holes to prevent the poured concrete from escaping through them. If the formwork faces have visible transverse holes, they are plugged with a plug configured to fit the hole. As illustrated in the figure, the holes to be plugged when not in use are the transverse holes 12 and the end transverse holes 14, as they open onto the longitudinal faces of the elements. These holes are pre-fitted with a metal piece fixed inside the hole, comprising a cylindrical tube 121 the same size as the hole and a shoulder 122 at each end, at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the plug head. When a plug is placed in a hole 12 or 14, its head rests against the shoulder, and the plug is flush so that the face on which it is placed is smooth.

[0055] Holes 22 and 23 are fitted with a metal tube 221 the same size as the hole so that it is pressed against its walls. The tube is fixed in the hole and secured at each end by a flange bearing against each longitudinal face. This tube prevents wear on the holes from the repeated insertion and removal of screws 32 and 33.

[0056] The figure illustrates a plug 150 configured to hermetically seal holes 14 and holes 12 when these are not used by the assembly means. Each plug 150 comprises a sealing stem 151 approximately 1 cm long and a head 152 4 mm thick. The diameter of the plug is substantially equal to the diameter of the hole into which it is inserted.

[0057] Preferably, the cap 150 includes two notches 155 located in the head of the cap to be easily removed from the holes.

[0058] An example of formwork is shown in the figure. In this figure, the length of the elements used is 75 cm, but this is not a limiting factor. For example, the figure can represent the formwork for the central support of a slab, but also the formwork for a column made with elements of the same type but of greater length, for example 2.10 m or 3 m.

[0059] In the case of constructing a closed formwork, as illustrated in the example shown, it is necessary to select the modular formwork elements according to the invention to obtain a mold whose internal walls define the specified shape and dimensions of the desired structure. For example, to construct a column with a square or rectangular cross-section, the formwork comprises two main panels 80 and 82 parallel to each other and two secondary panels 81 and 83 parallel to each other and extending perpendicularly between the two main panels. Each panel comprises one or more elements according to the invention assembled using a parallel lateral assembly. The thickness of the elements in the secondary panels must be taken into account when selecting the elements composing the main panels 80 and 81.

[0060] Each main panel 80 and 82 comprises at least two main elements located at the two ends of the panel, while each secondary panel 81 and 83 comprises at least one secondary element or at least one main element. Generally, when only the lateral faces of the elements are supported against another element, they can be replaced by secondary elements, as seen in the figure, by elements M3' and M1'. The hole 12 visible on the formwork face belongs to an M3 element that could have been replaced by an M3' secondary element. The width of the secondary panels is equal to the dimension of the first side of the column section, while the width of the main panels is equal to the dimension of the second side of the column section plus twice the thickness of the elements, the first side of the column section always having a length less than or equal to the length of the second side of the column section.When the first side of a post section is shorter than the second side, the post has a rectangular cross-section. Conversely, when the first and second sides are equal in length, it has a square cross-section. The post section has two parallel sides and two parallel sides. In the example post shown, the cross-section is a 40 cm x 40 cm square. Each main panel (80 and 82) consists of two 20 cm wide M3 main elements and one 10 cm wide M1' secondary element located between them. Each secondary panel (81 and 83) consists of two 20 cm wide M3 or M3' elements. In a main panel, the element or plurality of elements located between the end elements are either main or secondary elements.In our example, the element located between the two end elements M3 of the main panels is an element M1' and could also be an element M1 or M1' whose width is equal to twice the thickness of the elements, i.e., 10 cm wide for elements 5 cm thick.

[0061] Rectangular or square columns of all standard dimensions can be constructed using the modular formwork according to the invention. Indeed, in construction, the cross-sectional size of a column is standard and can take the values ​​mentioned in the first column of the table below. The second column indicates the number and type of elements to be used to form the secondary panels 81 and 83, and the third column indicates the number and type of elements to be used to form the main panels 80 and 82. As can be seen, the table refers only to main elements. According to the explanations mentioned above, the type of elements mentioned for the secondary panels can be either main or secondary elements, but preferably elements chosen from among the secondary elements to avoid having to place plugs in the unused transverse holes 12.For main panels, only the elements located at the two ends of the panel are necessarily main elements, the others can be secondary elements.

[0062] Post section (cm) Secondary panels 81 and 83 Main panels 80 and 82 20x20 1M32M2 20x25 1M31M3 ,1M2 20x30 1M32M3 20x35 1M33M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M1 20x40 1M32M3 ,1M1 or 2M2, 2M1 20x45 1M33M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M2 20x50 1M33M3 or 4M2 20x55 1M32M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M2 20x60 1M33M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M1 20x65 1M33M3 ,1M2 or 5M2 20x701M34M3 or 4M2, 1M320x751M33M3, 1M2, 1M1or 5M2, 1M120x801M34M3, 1M1 or 6M225x251M2, 1M11M3, 1M225x301M2, 1M12M325x351M2, 1M13M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M125x401M2, 1M12M3, 1M1 or 2M2, 2M125x451M2, 1M13M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M225x501M2, 1M13M3 or 4 M225x551M2, 1M12M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M225x601M2, 1M13M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M125x651M2, 1M13M3, 1M2 or 5M2 25x701M2, 1M14M3 or 4M2, 1M325x751M2, 1M13M3, 1M2, 1M1ou 5M2, 1M125x801M2, 1M14M3, 1M1 or 6M230x302M22M330x352M23M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M130x402M22M3, 1M1 or 2M2, 2M130x452M23M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M230x502M23M3 or 4 M230x552M22M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M230x602M23M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M130x652M23M3, 1M2 or 5M2 30x702M24M3 or 4M2, 1M330x752M23M3, 1M2, 1M1or 5M2, 1M130x802M24M3,1M1 or 6M235x351M3, 1M23M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M135x401M3, 1M22M3, 1M1 or 2M2, 2M135x451M3, 1M23M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M235x501M3, 1M23M3 or 4M235x551M3, 1M22M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M235x601M3, 1M23M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M135x651M3, 1M23M3, 1M2 or 5M2, 35x701M3, 1M24M3 or 4M2, 1M335x751M3, 1M23M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M135x801M3, 1M24M3, 1M1 or 6M240x402M32M3, 1M1 or 2M2, 2M140x452M33M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M240x502M33M3 or 4M240x552M32M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M240x602M33M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M140x652M33M3, 1M2 or 5M2, 40x702M34M3 or 4M2, 1M340x752M33M3 1M2, 1M1or 5M2, 1M140x802M34M3, 1M1 or 6M245x453M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M13M2, 1M1 or 2M3, 1M245x503M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M13M3 or 4 M245x553M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M12M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M245x603M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M13M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M145x653M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M13M3 ,1M2 or 5M2 45x703M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M14M3 or 4M2, 1M345x753M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M13M3, 1M2, 1M1or 5M2, 1M145x803M2 or 1M3, 1M2, 1M14M3, 1M1 or 6M250x501M3, 2M23M3 or 4 M250x551M3, 2M22M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M250x601M3, 2M23M3,1M1 or 4M2, 1M150x651M3, 2M23M3, 1M2 or 5M2 50x701M3, 2M24M3 or 4M2, 1M350x751M3, 2M23M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M150x801M3, 2M24M3, 1M1 or 6M255x551M1, 3M22M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 1M3, 3M255x601M1, 3M23M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M155x651M1, 3M23M3, 1M2 or 5M2 55x701M1, 3M24M3 or 4M2, 1M355x751M1, 3M23M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M155x801M1, 3M24M3, 1M1 or 6M260x603M3 or 4M23M3, 1M1 or 4M2, 1M160x653M3 or 4M23M3, 1M2 or 5M2 60x703M3 or 4M24M3 or 4M2, 1M360x753M3 or 4M23M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M160x803M3 or 4M24M3, 1M1 or 6M265x653M2, 1M3 or 2M3, 1M2, 1M13M3 1M2 or 5M2 65x703M2, 1M3 or 2M3, 1M2, 1M14M3 or 4M2, 1M365x753M2, 1M3 or 2M3, 1M2, 1M13M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M165x803M2, 1M3 or 2M3, 1M2, 1M14M3, 1M1 or 6M270x703M3, 1M1 or 4M2, M14M3 or 4M2, 1M370x753M3, 1M1 or 4M2, M13M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M170x803M3, 1M1 or 4M2, M14M3, 1M1 or 6M275x753M3, 1M2 or 5M23M3, 1M2, 1M1 or 5M2, 1M175x803M3, 1M2 or 5M24M3, 1M1 or 6M280x804M3 or 1M3, 4M24M3, 1M1 or 6M2,

[0063] Other examples of formwork are illustrated in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15. Figure 1 represents a slab formwork 500 comprising beam formwork 550 that connect corner support formwork 520, side support formwork 530, and central support formwork 510. The support formwork also retains the beams. Figures 13, 14, and 15 show, in greater detail, the central support formwork 510, the corner support formwork 520, and the side support formwork 530, respectively.

[0064] The components of the modular formwork according to the invention are made of recycled plastic, allowing for simple and rapid robust construction. They can also be made of wood. The modular formwork components according to the invention allow for the creation of all kinds of vertical or horizontal formwork boxes and also allow for the assembly of formwork boxes with each other, such as a foundation box with a stringer box.

Claims

Modular formwork intended for creating structures constructed from a cast building material comprising a plurality of elements among primary elements (M1, M2, M3) and secondary elements (M1', M2', M3'), said elements defining a space for receiving the building material, each primary and secondary element having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of the same thickness, each element comprising two longitudinal faces (10, 11) of which at least one serves as a formwork face, two lateral faces (20, 21) of the same length as the longitudinal faces and two transverse faces (30, 31), and means for assembling the elements together, each element comprising lateral holes (22, 23) passing through the element across its width and perpendicularly from one lateral face to the other, a first series of lateral holes (22) for edge-to-face assembly configured to receive the assembly means (32,42) for laterally and perpendicularly joining two or more of said elements and a second series of lateral edge-to-edge joining holes (23) configured to receive the joining means (33, 43) for laterally and parallel joining two or more of said elements, each lateral edge-to-edge joining hole (23) is located between two lateral edge-to-face joining holes (22), all the lateral holes being equidistant and aligned along the longitudinal direction, Characterized in that each main element (M1, M2, M3) comprises a set of transverse holes (12) passing through the element in its thickness and perpendicularly from one longitudinal face to the other, said transverse holes being aligned and equidistant are located at a distance L from one of the longitudinal edges of the longitudinal faces (10 and 11),the distance L being equal to half the thickness of the elements and each transverse hole (12) being located in the same transverse plane as a lateral hole (22) of the first series of lateral assembly holes face to edge so as to intersect perpendicularly. Modular formwork according to claim 1, in which the transverse holes (12) of the elements (M1, M2, M3) are configured to receive the assembly means (32, 42) for laterally and perpendicularly assembling in series at least one of said main elements (M1, M2, M3) with at least one of said elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') preferably secondary by their lateral face-to-edge assembly holes (22). Modular formwork according to claim 1, or 2, wherein the assembly means for assembling two or more elements comprise screws (32, 33) and nuts (42, 43). Modular formwork according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which each element comprises on each of the transverse faces (30, 31) a slot (34) going from one lateral face (20) to the other (21) and parallel to the longitudinal faces (10, 11), said slot opening onto a cavity (24) of a width greater than the width of the slot, each slot being crossed by at least one transverse end hole (14) passing through the element from one longitudinal face to the other. Modular formwork according to claim 4, comprising a filling piece (100) including a portion (124) of complementary shape to the cavity (24), a flat portion (134) of complementary shape to the slot (34), at least one through hole (114) in the flat portion (134) configured to receive a locking screw (144), when the filling piece (100) is in place inside its housing formed by the cavity (24) and the slot (34), the at least one through hole (114) in the flat portion (134) is opposite the, at least one transverse end hole (14) located at the end of the element. Modular formwork according to claim 4 or 5, comprising a parallel connecting piece (200) configured to assemble two elements of the same width from among the elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') according to a parallel longitudinal assembly, said parallel connecting piece comprising two parts (124) of a shape complementary to the cavity (24), two flat parts (134) of a shape complementary to the slot (34), at least one through hole (114) per flat part (134), said parallel connecting piece being configured to fit inside the housing formed by each of the slots (34) and cavities (24) located at the ends of said two assembled elements, said at least one through hole (214) of each flat part (114) is configured to receive a locking screw (234) in order to immobilize and secure said connecting piece with the two elements. Modular formwork according to claim 4, 5 or 6, comprising a perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece (300) configured to join two elements of the same width from among the elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') in a perpendicular longitudinal edge-to-face assembly, said perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece comprising two parts (124) of a shape complementary to the cavity (24), two flat parts (134) of a shape complementary to the slot (34), at least one through hole (314) per flat part (134), an intermediate part (344) located between the two flat parts (124) and of a shape configured to conform to the contour of the angle of said two elements assembled in a perpendicular longitudinal edge-to-face assembly, said perpendicular edge-to-face connecting piece being placed inside the housing formed by each of the slots (34) and cavities (24) located at the ends of said two assembled elements.Modular formwork according to any one of claims 4 to 7, comprising a perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece (400) configured to assemble two elements of the same width from among the elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') according to a perpendicular longitudinal edge-to-edge assembly, said perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece comprising two parts (124) of a shape complementary to the cavity (24), two flat parts (134) of a shape complementary to the slot (34), at least one through hole (414) per flat part (134), an intermediate part (444) situated between the two flat parts (124) and of a shape configured to follow the contour of the angle of said two elements assembled according to a perpendicular longitudinal edge-to-edge assembly,said perpendicular edge-to-edge connecting piece being placed inside the housing formed by each of the slots (34) and cavities (24) located at the ends of said two assembled elements. Modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the elements (M1, M1', M2, M2', M3, M3') have a width of 10 cm, 15 cm or 20 cm, the elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') have a length between 20 cm and 300 cm and preferably equal to 20 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 210 cm, 300 cm or 390 cm, and the elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') have a thickness of 5 cm. Modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which two side-by-side lateral holes (22 and 23) are separated by a distance of 15 cm and in which two side-by-side transverse holes (12) are separated by a distance of 30 cm. Modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in which the lateral holes (22, 23) are each provided with a metal tube (221) the size of the hole, the metal tube being pressed against the walls of the hole. Modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a plug (150) configured to plug the transverse holes (12 and 14) not used by the assembly means and forming part of the formwork face, said plug comprising a plugging rod (151) approximately 1 cm long and a head (152) with a thickness between 4 and 8 mm, the diameter of the plug being substantially equal to the diameter of said hole into which it is inserted, said plug comprising two notches (155) located in the head of the plug for easy removal from the hole. Modular formwork according to claim 12, in which the transverse holes (12 and 14) are each provided with a metal piece fixed inside the hole and at each end of the hole, said metal piece comprising a cylindrical tube (121) pressed against the walls of the hole and a shoulder (122) at the end of the tube located at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the head (152) of the plug (150). Modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the elements are made of recycled plastic. Column formwork made from modular formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising two main panels (80) and (82) parallel to each other and two secondary panels (81) and (83) parallel to each other and extending perpendicularly between the two main panels, each panel comprising one or more elements (M1, M2, M3, M1', M2', M3') assembled according to a parallel lateral assembly, each main panel (80) and (82) comprising at least two main elements (M1, M2, M3) located at the two ends of the panel while each secondary panel (81) and (83) comprising at least preferably one secondary element (M1', M2', M3') or at least one main element (M1, M2, M3),The width of the secondary panels is equal to the dimension of the first side of the post section, while the width of the main panels is equal to the dimension of the second side of the post section plus twice the thickness of said elements, the first side of the post section having a length less than or equal to the length of the second side of the post section.

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