The invention relates to bispecific
antigen binding proteins (ABP), such as bispecific antibodies, that bind with a first
antigen binding site to both leukocyte immunoglobulin-like
receptor subfamily B1 (LILRB1) and LILRB2 while not binding to, or binding with significantly less affinity to, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like
receptor subfamily A (LILRA). The bispecific ABP of the invention bind with a second
antigen binding site to
immune checkpoint (molecules) such as PD-1 or PD-L1. The bispecific ABP of the invention can also inhibit the interaction between LILRB1 and / or LILRB2 and a natural ligand of ULRB receptors (e.g. interacting proteins, such as HLA-G) on immune cells and the inhibition of such interaction can reduce immune
cell suppression and thereby support anti-infection and anti-tumour immune responses in a subject suffering from such diseases. Bispecific molecules combining LILRB1 / 2
antagonism with inhibition of immune checkpoints, such as the inhibition of the PD-1 / PD-L1 axis, is specifically useful in the treatment of proliferative disorders. Also provided are methods of reducing the immune suppression of cells involved with a
cell-mediated immune response, and / or methods for treating infective- and / or proliferative diseases, using an LILRB1 and / or LILRB2
antigen binding protein such as an
antibody binding to both LILRB1 and / or LILRB2, as well as certain related aspects including detection, diagnostic and screening methods.