The invention relates to the technical fields of fermentation engineering and aquaculture, and especially relates to a method for high-efficiency and high-density culture of a biological bait. The method comprises the following steps: 1, performing batch culture; 2, performing feeding-hunger cycle culture: feeding a medium when the cell density reaches 80-100 g/L until the pH value is 6-8, stopping the feeding for 2-8 h to adjust the cell metabolism to a hungry state, afresh recovering the feeding of the medium to recover the cell metabolism to a nutrition metabolism state, and repeating aboveprocesses; and 3, inducing the target product: going to an induction stage when the cell density reaches 100 g/L or above, and reducing the feeding rate or removing at least one substrate nutrient component from the medium to reduce the cell growth rate and induce the synthesis of the target product, wherein the substrate nutrient component can be one or more of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a sulfur source, vitamins and heavy metal ions. The method has the advantages of high culture efficiency, one-step realization of protein accumulation, and low harvesting cost.