MÉTODO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BICARBONATO DE CÁLCIO E SISTEMA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BICARBONATO DE CÁLCIO

Abstract

Method for producing calcium bicarbonate, comprising: mixing, by means of a mixer (101), water and calcium carbonate, thereby obtaining a first solution; providing a multiple scrubber (100) comprising: a cold steam scrubber (200), a shower scrubber (201), a plate scrubber (202) and a dehumidifier / fan (203); feeding, to the multiple scrubber (100), the first solution and a fluid comprising carbon dioxide; activating said multiple scrubber (100) to obtain a second solution comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and residues of calcium carbonate; obtaining, from said second solution, an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate. A system for producing calcium bicarbonate is also described.

Description

1 / 20 “METHOD FOR PRODUCING CALCIUM BICARBONATE AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING CALCIUM BICARBONATE” Description TECHNICAL AREA

[001] The present invention relates to a method for producing calcium bicarbonate from calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.

[002] The present invention also relates to a system for producing calcium bicarbonate from calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.

[003] Preferably, calcium carbonate is of geological, chemical or biological origin.

[004] Preferably, carbonic acid is obtained from carbon dioxide present in the air or from industrial emissions processed in a system equipped with one or more wet scrubbers. Background of the Invention

[005] Typically, calcium for the production of calcium bicarbonate is obtained using a soluble calcium salt, such as calcium chloride or calcium nitrate, which reacts with sodium bicarbonate or carbon dioxide. Calcium bicarbonate is usually a byproduct of water desalination or industrial recovery of calcium carbide.

[006] Document CN 110 183 126 describes a method for preparing carbonate cementing material using limestone as raw material.

[007] Document CN 109 516 487 describes a method for preparing calcium bicarbonate powder using a solvent method.

[008] Document WO 2022 / 229326 describes an apparatus and a method for producing purified calcium carbonate. Brief Description of the Invention

[009] One of the objectives of the present invention is to overcome the techniques Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 38 / 67 2 / 20 currently available for the production of calcium bicarbonate, proposing an alternative solution for the production of calcium bicarbonate that may be suitable for many applications, for example, in the food industry, and which proves to be particularly effective when used for seawater deacidification purposes.

[0010] Another objective of the invention is to provide a method and a system that can ensure an effective transformation of carbon dioxide, in accordance with emission reduction policies.

[0011] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing calcium bicarbonate from calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.

[0012] Preferably, the method comprises mixing water and calcium carbonate using a mixer, thereby obtaining a first solution.

[0013] Preferably, the method comprises the provision of a multiple scrubber.

[0014] Preferably, the multiple scrubber comprises a cold steam scrubber.

[0015] Preferably, the multiple scrubber comprises a shower scrubber.

[0016] Preferably, the multiple scrubber comprises a plate scrubber.

[0017] Preferably, the multiple scrubber comprises a dehumidifier / fan.

[0018] Preferably, the method comprises feeding the multiple scrubber with the first solution and a fluid containing carbon dioxide.

[0019] Preferably, the method involves activating the aforementioned Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 39 / 67 3 / 20 multiple scrubber to obtain a second solution comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residue.

[0020] Preferably, the method comprises obtaining, from the aforementioned second solution, an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate.

[0021] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a system for producing calcium bicarbonate from calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.

[0022] Preferably, the system comprises a mixer configured to mix water and calcium carbonate, thereby obtaining a first solution.

[0023] Preferably, the system comprises a multiple debugger.

[0024] Preferably, the multi-scrubber comprises a cold steam scrubber.

[0025] Preferably, the multi-scrubber comprises a shower scrubber.

[0026] Preferably, the multi-scrubber comprises a plate scrubber.

[0027] Preferably, the multi-scrubber comprises a dehumidifier / fan.

[0028] Preferably, the multiple scrubber is configured to receive the said first solution from the said mixer and a fluid containing carbon dioxide.

[0029] Preferably, the multiple scrubber is configured to produce a second solution comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residues.

[0030] Preferably, the system comprises a distribution tank configured to receive the aforementioned second solution. Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 40 / 67 4 / 20

[0031] Preferably, the system comprises a decanter configured to obtain, from the said second solution, an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate.

[0032] In one or more of the above aspects, the invention may comprise one or more of the following preferred features.

[0033] Preferably, activating said multiple scrubber comprises activating said cold steam scrubber to obtain, from said fluid and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate and a first fluid component.

[0034] Preferably, activating said multiple scrubber comprises activating said shower scrubber to obtain, from said first fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a second fluid component.

[0035] Preferably, activating said multiple scrubber comprises activating said plate scrubber to obtain, from said second fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a third fluid component.

[0036] Preferably, activating said multiple scrubber comprises activating said dehumidifier / fan to obtain, from said third fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a fourth fluid component.

[0037] Preferably, the liquid component produced by said cold steam cleaner, shower cleaner, plate cleaner and dehumidifier / fan is collected and recirculated in the same cold steam cleaner, shower cleaner, plate cleaner and Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 41 / 67 5 / 20 dehumidifier / fan.

[0038] Preferably, the liquid component is recirculated in the aforementioned cold steam cleaner, shower cleaner, plate cleaner and dehumidifier / fan, in addition to or as an alternative to the aforementioned first solution, in order to obtain a liquid component with a higher concentration of calcium bicarbonate.

[0039] Preferably, based on the concentration of calcium bicarbonate in the liquid component produced by said cold steam cleaner, shower cleaner, plate cleaner and dehumidifier / fan, it is foreseen to continue recirculating said liquid component into the multiple cleaner or the production, by the multiple cleaner, of said liquid component, which in this case constitutes said second solution.

[0040] Preferably, obtaining said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves feeding the second solution to the mixer, said mixer being inactive and containing water and calcium carbonate.

[0041] Preferably, obtaining said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves combining the second solution with the water and calcium carbonate that are present in the inactive mixer.

[0042] Preferably, obtaining said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves removing the liquid portion of said combination, said liquid portion comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residues.

[0043] Preferably, obtaining the said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves feeding said liquid portion to a decanter.

[0044] Preferably, obtaining the aforementioned second solution of Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 42 / 67 6 / 20 an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves allowing the calcium carbonate residues to settle in the aforementioned decanter.

[0045] Preferably, obtaining the said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate involves extracting the said decanter from the aqueous solution of water and calcium bicarbonate.

[0046] Preferably, the said cold steam scrubber is configured to obtain, from the said fluid and the said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a first fluid component.

[0047] Preferably, the shower scrubber in question is configured to obtain, from the first fluid component and the first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a second fluid component.

[0048] Preferably, the said plate scrubber is configured to obtain, from the said second fluid component and the said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a third fluid component.

[0049] Preferably, the said dehumidifier / fan is configured to obtain, from the said third fluid component and the said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a fourth fluid component.

[0050] Preferably, said multiple scrubber comprises a collector / distributor configured to collect the liquid component produced by said cold steam scrubber, shower scrubber, plate scrubber and dehumidifier / fan.

[0051] Preferably, the said collector / distributor is configured to recirculate the liquid component produced by the said cold steam scrubber, shower scrubber, plate scrubber and dehumidifier / fan in Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 43 / 67 7 / 20 same cold steam purifier, shower purifier, plate purifier and dehumidifier / fan, in addition to or as an alternative to the aforementioned first solution, in order to obtain a liquid component with a higher concentration of calcium bicarbonate.

[0052] Preferably, the system comprises a control unit configured to control said collector / distributor to: Based on the concentration of calcium bicarbonate in the liquid component produced by the aforementioned cold steam purifier, shower purifier, plate purifier, and dehumidifier / fan, continue to recirculate said liquid component to the multiple purifier or extract said liquid component from the multiple purifier, which in this case constitutes said second solution. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0053] Other features and advantages will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of a preferred, but not limiting, embodiment of the invention. Such a description is provided here with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are also provided by way of non-limiting example, in which: Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows a block diagram of one stage of the system in Figure 1. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0054] In general, the invention is based on the use of calcium carbonate, which, in aqueous solution with carbonic acid, is transformed into calcium bicarbonate, as demonstrated in the following equations: CO2 (gas) = ​​CO2 (aq) Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 44 / 67 8 / 20 CO2 (aq) + H2O ^ H2CO3 ^ H++ HCO3-: 8 < pH < 10 CO2 (aq) + OH- ^ HCO3-: pH > 8 CaCO3 + H++ HCO3 ^ Ca(HCO3)2

[0055] Preferably, the pH of the solution is controlled. In particular, the pH is maintained greater than or equal to 8 (pH > 8); more particularly, it is maintained greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 10 (8 < pH < 10).

[0056] Calcium carbonate can be of geological origin (marble quarries, travertine quarries, etc.). In addition, or as an alternative, chemically formed calcium carbonate can be used. Another option is calcium carbonate of biological origin (eggs, shells, etc.).

[0057] Preferably, the size of the calcium carbonate is less than 1 mm. In particular, the smaller the granularity of the calcium carbonate, the better it will mix with water, resulting in improved reaction kinetics with carbonic acid.

[0058] In the case of biologically sourced calcium carbonate, it is subjected to granularity reduction and treated to eliminate any microbiological species.

[0059] This treatment can be carried out thermally or by sterilization, using an electromagnetic field with wavelengths in the microwave range, for example, between 6 mm and 300 mm (6 mm < λ < 300 mm), and in the ultraviolet range, for example, between 10 nm and 500 nm (10 nm < λ < 500 nm). The wavelengths are selected according to the origin / type of biological calcium carbonate.

[0060] Carbonic acid is produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is obtained from the air or from industrial emissions.

[0061] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system according to the present invention, through which the technique described above can be implemented. Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, page 45 / 67 9 / 20

[0062] The system (1) comprises a multiple scrubber (100), a mixer (101), a decanter (102) and a distribution tank (103). There is also a series of unidirectional hydraulic pumps and a series of hydraulic valves to transfer substances between the various components.

[0063] In the mixer (101), calcium carbonate is mixed with water. The mixture thus obtained is then fed to the multiple scrubber (100) through a hydraulic circuit, which preferably comprises a hydraulic pump (104a) and a valve (105a).

[0064] The number of multiple scrubbers included in the system may be one or more, depending on the rate at which carbonic acid needs to be produced to obtain the desired amounts of calcium bicarbonate.

[0065] Another pipe in the hydraulic circuit, preferably consisting of a hydraulic pump (104b) and a valve (105b), connects the mixer (101) to the decanter (102).

[0066] At the outlet of the decanter (102), there is a hydraulic circuit, preferably consisting of a pump (104c) and a valve (105c), through which the calcium bicarbonate in aqueous solution is collected. In the decanter (102), the calcium bicarbonate in solution is separated from the precipitating substances (e.g., calcium carbonate).

[0067] In the multiple scrubber (100), processes occur in which calcium carbonate is transformed into calcium bicarbonate.

[0068] To circulate the aqueous solution, the multiple scrubber (100) is connected to the distribution tank (103). The connection between the multiple scrubber (100) and the distribution tank (103) is provided by a hydraulic circuit consisting of a first branch, comprising a pump (104d) and a valve (105d), and a second branch, comprising a pump (104e) and a valve (105e).

[0069] It should be noted that the connection between the multiple debugger Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 46 / 67 10 / 20 (100) (in particular, as will become evident below, the collector / distributor (204) of the multiple scrubber (100)) and the distribution tank (103) is a bidirectional connection: from the multiple scrubber (100) to the distribution tank (103) (pump (104d), valve (105d), this flow being indicated by arrow (F1) in Figure 2) to discharge the aqueous solution rich in calcium bicarbonate, and from the distribution tank (103) to the multiple scrubber (100) (pump (104e), valve (105e), this flow being indicated by arrow (F2) in Figure 2) to make any compensation in terms of pressure / quantity of solution to be processed.

[0070] The distribution tank (103) is connected to the mixer (101) by means of a hydraulic circuit, preferably consisting of a pump (104f) and a valve (105f), to supply the mixer (101) with the aqueous solution containing calcium bicarbonate supplied by the multiple scrubber.

[0071] The multiple debugger (100) (so called because it performs “debugging” operations, i.e., component separation) is schematically represented in Figure 2.

[0072] The multiple scrubber (100) preferably comprises: a cold steam scrubber (200), a shower scrubber (201), a plate scrubber (202), a dehumidifier / fan (203) and a liquid solution collector / distributor (204).

[0073] The cold steam scrubber (200) transforms the incoming air into a moisture-saturated fluid; in practical terms, the cold steam scrubber (200) is a wet scrubber equipped with nebulizing nozzles that produce substantially spherical liquid droplets. The water droplets have a size in the range of [50 nm to 5,000 nm], that is, approximately 100 nm. This operation initiates the production of carbonic acid.

[0074] In more detail, the air drawn into the system goes through a first washing phase. Through the cold steam scrubber (200) (which Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 47 / 67 11 / 20 can be considered a Venturi scrubber, particularly a weak Venturi scrubber), where air is struck by a jet of water and tends to mix with it, thus generating a fluid. This operation results in an initial reduction of pollutants, since some of the pollutants are retained in the liquid phase.

[0075] The number of cold steam scrubbers may be equal to or greater than 1, depending on the amount of carbonic acid required to maintain the desired calcium bicarbonate production rate.

[0076] The fluid exiting the cold steam scrubber (200) is then fed to the shower scrubber (201), where the ratio between the mass of the fluid and the mass of the solution is maintained. This maximizes the interaction between the fluid and the aqueous solution and, consequently, the transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium bicarbonate.

[0077] The Applicant notes that a shower scrubber is a tower scrubber in which the nozzles are arranged at only one level; such nozzles are positioned so as to spray the aqueous solution in aerol counterflow.

[0078] In more detail, the fluid exiting the cold steam scrubber flows into a large volume, where it is struck by a countercurrent water jet generated by the nebulizing nozzles, which are appropriately distributed in a collector. During this operation, the water and fluid flow in countercurrent, i.e., the sprayers produce millimeter-sized ellipsoidal droplets and micrometer-sized spherical droplets directed downwards, while the aspirated fluid is drawn upwards.

[0079] As the pollutants in the fluid encounter the droplets, these capture and transport the pollutants to a collection tank.

[0080] The fluid that comes out of the shower scrubber (201) is fed to the plate scrubber (202).

[0081] In the plate scrubber (202), pollutants smaller than, under Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 48 / 67 12 / 20 The action of the shower scrubber (201), which did not precipitate in the collection tank, undergoes an additional reduction process. The plate scrubber (202) comprises perforated plates arranged in relation to the flow so as to generate variable crossing velocities. Here, as mentioned earlier, the pollutants undergo an additional reduction process. In particular, the water used to capture pollutants also circulates on the surface of the perforated plates, thus generating a thin liquid film that promotes the capture of residual pollutants while removing any residue from the surface. The configuration of this scrubber (number of plates, distance between plates, etc.) can be changed as needed to optimize its efficiency.

[0082] Preferably, the plates of the purifier (202) are parallel to each other; such plates may be equally or differently spaced.

[0083] The plates are substantially perpendicular to the fluid flow.

[0084] The through holes in the plates can have different geometries (rectangular, square, circular, etc.) and different sizes.

[0085] For example, the plates can have an area of ​​0.1 m2 to 10 m2,

[0086] As an example, holes can have an area of ​​0.2 m2 to 6 m2.

[0087] As an example, the holes can have an area of ​​3 cm2 to 500 cm2.

[0088] In the plate scrubber (202), the fluid flow is not laminar, but turbulent.

[0089] Advantageously, the plates of the plate purifier (202) are coated with titanium oxide.

[0090] Due to the presence of appropriately designed LEDs Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, p. 49 / 67 13 / 20 (emission wavelength between 180 nm and 600 nm), to improve the efficiency of the production process, a photocatalysis operation is carried out, in which carbon dioxide is extracted from molecules containing carbon atoms, such as methane or hydrocarbons in general, which are species that can be found concentrated in the air, mainly in industrial plants.

[0091] The fluid that comes out of the plate scrubber (202) is fed to the dehumidifier / fan (203) (the so-called “nebulizer”), where the aqueous part of the fluid is extracted and the air is discharged into the environment around the fan.

[0092] The collector / distributor (204) receives the water and calcium carbonate solution from the mixer (101) (arrow (F3) in Figure 2), distributes it to the various stages of the multiple scrubber (100) and then delivers the solution back to the distribution tank (103) depending on the concentration of the calcium bicarbonate solution. Arrows (206) represent the flow from stages (200, 201, 202 and 203) of the multiple scrubber (100) to the collector / distributor (204), while arrows (207) represent the flow from the collector / distributor (204) to stages (200, 201, 202 and 203) of the multiple scrubber (100).

[0093] In the block diagram of Figure 2, reference (205) denotes a fluid consisting substantially of air (inlet of the cold steam scrubber (200) and outlet of the dehumidifier / fan (203)), while reference (208) denotes a fluid consisting of air and a substantial moisture component.

[0094] The process temperature of the liquid solution is between the triple point temperature of water and the boiling temperatures of the solution; preferably, it is at room temperature.

[0095] The temperature of the inlet air process can vary from Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 50 / 67 14 / 20 -50 °C up to a temperature of 750 °C.

[0096] The process pressure of the liquid solution is less than 15 bar. For example, it could be approximately 1 bar.

[0097] If the system (1) consists of more than one multiple scrubber, the collector / distributor (204) of each multiple scrubber will be connected to the distribution tank (103), which in this case will function as a “system tank” and will return to the mixer (101) the aqueous calcium bicarbonate solutions produced by each multiple scrubber.

[0098] Next we describe the process performed by the system (1).

[0099] The process begins by feeding the mixer (101) with water and calcium carbonate. By mechanical stirring, a solution of calcium carbonate in water is obtained.

[00100] The solution is then fed to the collector / distributor (204).

[00101] The collector / distributor (204) feeds the solution to each component of the multiple scrubber (cold steam scrubber (200), shower scrubber (201), plate scrubber (202) and dehumidifier / fan (204)). Each component performs its subprocess operations and returns to the collector / distributor (204) a solution also containing calcium bicarbonate.

[00102] When the calcium bicarbonate concentration reaches a predetermined limit (and / or when the multiple scrubber (100) can no longer provide a significant increase in the calcium bicarbonate concentration), the solution in the collector / distributor (204) is discharged into the distribution tank (103). From the latter, the solution is fed to the mixer (101). Note that, in the meantime (i.e., after the water and calcium carbonate solution has been fed to the multiple scrubber (100) from the mixer (101)), the mechanical agitation in the mixer has been interrupted; therefore, in the mixer there is now residual water and residual precipitated calcium carbonate. Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 51 / 67 15 / 20 As mentioned earlier, the solution of water, calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate from the distribution tank (103) is fed to the mixer (101) and there it combines with the wastewater and calcium carbonate. The liquid component of the contents of the mixer (101) is then fed to the settling tank (102).

[00103] It should be noted that the liquid component from the mixer (101) contains mostly calcium bicarbonate in addition to water. There are also some calcium carbonate residues, which are precipitated in the decanter (102); thus, it is possible, at the end, to remove the liquid part through the part of the hydraulic circuit that comprises the pump (104c) and the valve (105c).

[00104] All elements of the system (1) are controlled by a PLC and by software that manages the algorithm to ensure a correct production procedure. All elements of the multiple scrubber (100) are controlled by a local PLC. The system PLC is connected to all multiple scrubbers included in the system. More generally, the system (1) is equipped with a control unit (which may be implemented by means of one or more PLCs), configured to control the operation of the various stages of the system (1) and the various components of the multiple scrubber (100).

[00105] Inside the multiple scrubber (100), the fluid dynamics are always turbulent.

[00106] In one embodiment, predetermined quantities of salts can be dissolved, if necessary, in the water used by the system. These salts can perform a dual function: i) prevention of system failures due to broken parts, in circumstances where the ambient temperature may fall below 0 °C (or remain so for a long time); ii) improve the reduction of pollutants, facilitating their Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 52 / 67 16 / 20 transformation into stable compounds that are not harmful to humans or the environment.

[00107] The Applicant notes that all pollutants also affect the climate. Compounds belonging to the large family of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) exhibit high vapor pressure and low solubility in water. Many VOCs are man-made chemicals that are generated and used in the production of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants. VOCs are typically industrial solvents, for example, trichloroethylene; fuel oxygenates, for example, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); or byproducts of chlorination for water purification, for example, chloroform. VOCs are frequently components of petroleum-based fuels, hydraulic fluids, paint thinners, and dry cleaning agents. VOCs are common groundwater contaminants. Using the technology of the present invention, most of the VOCs present in the air are transformed into CO2.

[00108] The stoichiometric oxidation of the hydrocarbon is described by the following equation: + 1 <7ηΗ2η+2+ e ^2 en + 1)H2O + nCO2+ energy

[00109] Considering the lightest hydrocarbon, namely methane (CH4), the reaction proceeds as follows: ener + 2O22H2O + CO2+ energy |

[00110] As mentioned above, through the use of titanium dioxide photocatalysts and a UV-A electromagnetic field, the hydrocarbons present in crude oil can be transformed into H2O and CO2. Larger amounts of oxygen and UV radiation can further enhance this degradation.

[00111] In addition to the above, the Depositor notes that efficiency Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 53 / 67 17 / 20 of the process improves with increasing electromagnetic field. For greater efficiency, for example, materials characterized by high electromagnetic field reflectance can be used.

[00112] The CO2 present in the air and the CO2 produced by the transformation of pollutants during the process described above are transformed into bicarbonate as a result of the process. By causing the carbonates to react with the carbonic acid produced by the reaction of CO2 with water, a stable transformation into environmentally friendly compounds is obtained.

[00113] For illustrative purposes, we list below again the characteristic equations of the process dynamics: CO2 (gas) = ​​CO2 (aq) CO2 (aq) + H2O ^ H2CO3 ^ H++ HCO3-: 8 < pH < 10 CO2 (aq) + OH- ^ HCO3-: pH > 8 CaCO3 + H++ HCO3 ^ Ca(HCO3)2

[00114] The following will describe some examples of implementation of the invention. Example 1

[00115] Calcium carbonate can be obtained from marble paste, which, instead of being sent to collection and disposal centers, can be transformed into calcium bicarbonate according to the principles of the present invention. Example 2

[00116] Calcium carbonate can be obtained from frozen food industry waste, mollusk shells, mussel shells, oyster shells, and, in general, from any mollusk and crustacean waste, which, instead of being sent to collection and disposal centers, can be processed according to the principles of the present invention to Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 54 / 67 18 / 20 obtain calcium bicarbonate. Example 3

[00117] Calcium carbonate can be obtained from food industry waste, for example, eggshells, which, instead of being sent to collection and disposal centers, can be processed according to the principles of the present invention to obtain calcium bicarbonate. Example 4

[00118] Calcium carbonate transformed into calcium bicarbonate can be used in a liquid reaction with sodium chloride to produce a food supplement made of sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride, exploiting the following reaction: Ca(HCO3) + 2NaCl ^ H2CO3 ^ 2NaHCO3 + CaCl2 Experimental example

[00119] The Applicant created a system with an aeraulic capacity of 1,000 m3 / h, which was installed in an industrial environment with CO2 concentrations of [400 ppm - 430 ppm] and PM10 particle concentrations of [140 μg - 150 μg]. The system was adjusted to provide a CO2 transformation yield of 5.4% and a PM10 particle absorption yield of 90%.

[00120] The system uses 120 liters of water, in which calcium carbonate is mixed, and where CO2 is transformed into carbonic acid, which then reacts with the calcium carbonate with the efficiency defined above, thus forming calcium bicarbonate.

[00121] 2.5 kg of calcium carbonate are used every 24 hours, transforming 1 kg of CO2 and obtaining 4 kg of calcium bicarbonate. These components are supplied in 120 liters of aqueous solution.

[00122] The Applicant notes that the above data were measured and validated by the National Research Council - Bioeconomy Institute Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pages 55 / 67 19 / 20 (CNR IBE, Consiglio Nazionale delie Ricerche - Istituto per la BioEconomia), using monitoring systems owned by the CNR.

[00123] The efficiency of the transformation can be further increased by modifying the operating point of the system, for example, by altering the pH of the aqueous solution, the concentration of calcium carbonate and the aerulic capacity of the system.

[00124] As for the pH value, it is necessary to work within the range [pH7 - pH11], with pH values ​​preferably equal to approximately 11.

[00125] Regarding the concentration of calcium carbonate, it is advisable to work in the range [0.01 g / l - 100 g / l], with a preferred concentration of approximately 20 g / l.

[00126] The particle size of calcium carbonate is preferably less than 100 μm, in particular less than or equal to 20 μm.

[00127] The air capacity of the system is in the range of [500 m3 / h - 150,000 m3 / h], preferably approximately 50,000 m3 / h.

[00128] Calcium bicarbonate exists only in aqueous solution, but its solubility in water is 105 times greater than that of calcium carbonate.

[00129] The solution that remains to settle will have a solid deposit of calcium carbonate, and the liquid part will contain only calcium bicarbonate with carbonate contamination of the order of 10 ppm.

[00130] In the example described above, approximately 4 kg of calcium bicarbonate are produced per day; assuming that the airborne particles (carbon, iron, and silicon particles) will not settle along with the calcium carbonate but will remain in solution, the calcium bicarbonate produced will have a purity of at least 99.92%. If required for food use, this bicarbonate can be further purified using the same magnetic method employed to purify Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pp. 56 / 67 20 / 20 is the raw material calcium carbonate, which has been contaminated by metals during the production process. The aqueous solution is circulated on the surface of electromagnets. Other observations regarding the state of the art

[00131] The Applicant believes it is appropriate to highlight that the invention described herein presents some significant differences in relation to the current state of the art and, particularly, to the aforementioned CN 110 183 126 document.

[00132] Document CN 110 183 126 describes a method using a pressurized reactor where, for a reaction time of 30 minutes to 3 hours, an aqueous solution is reacted with limestone (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, etc.) and carbon dioxide under high pressure, ranging from 1 bar to 15 bar, to give calcium bicarbonate as an intermediate product; the latter is then mixed with other components for the production of cement. Document CN 110 183 126 mentions calcium oxide (CaO) as being massively present in quantities of at least 48% of the limestone; therefore, the densest element in the process is calcium oxide. The latter is produced by means of a calcination process of calcium carbonate: heating calcium carbonate to high temperature yields calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.In fact, the process described in CN 110 183 126 does not absorb carbon dioxide; as a whole, it actually generates carbon dioxide.

[00133] Conversely, the technology described and claimed herein operates continuously over time at atmospheric pressure, and the CO2 that is transformed with calcium carbonate is present in the ambient air that is fed into the system. Therefore, the method and system claimed herein are carbon negative, as they require CO2 to produce calcium bicarbonate. Petition 870250072231, dated 08 / 15 / 2025, pages 57 / 67

Claims

1 / 5 Claims 1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING CALCIUM BICARBONATE, characterized by comprising: mixing, by means of a mixer (101), water and calcium carbonate, thus obtaining a first solution; supplying a multiple scrubber (100), comprising: a cold steam scrubber (200), a shower scrubber (201), a plate scrubber (202) and a dehumidifier / fan (203); feeding the multiple scrubber (100) with the first solution and a fluid comprising carbon dioxide; activating said multiple scrubber (100) to obtain a second solution comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residues; obtaining, from said second solution, an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate.

2. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by the activation of said multiple scrubber (100) comprising: activating said cold steam scrubber (200) to obtain, from said fluid and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a first fluid component; activating said shower scrubber (201) to obtain, from said first fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a second fluid component; activating said plate scrubber (202) to obtain, from said second fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a third fluid component; Petition 870250072231, dated 15 / 08 / 2025, p.58 / 67 2 / 5 activate the said dehumidifier / fan (203) to obtain, from the said third fluid component and the said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a fourth fluid component.

3. METHOD, according to claim 2, characterized by comprising collecting the liquid component produced by said cold steam cleaner (200), shower cleaner (201), plate cleaner (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203), and recirculating it in the same cold steam cleaner (200), shower cleaner (201), plate cleaner (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203) in addition to or as an alternative to said first solution, in order to obtain a liquid component with a higher concentration of calcium bicarbonate.

4. METHOD, according to claim 3, characterized by comprising: based on the concentration of calcium bicarbonate in the liquid component produced by said cold steam purifier (200), shower purifier (201), plate purifier (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203), either continuing to recirculate said liquid component to the multiple purifier (100) or emitting, from the multiple purifier (100), said liquid component, which in this case constitutes said second solution.

5. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by obtaining said second solution from an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate comprising: feeding the second solution to the mixer (101), said mixer being inactive and containing water and calcium carbonate; combining the second solution with the water and calcium carbonate that are present in the inactive mixer (101); removing the liquid part of said combination, said liquid part comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residues; feeding said liquid part to a decanter (102); allowing the calcium carbonate residues to settle in said decanter (102); extracting from said decanter the aqueous solution of water and calcium bicarbonate.

6. SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM BICARBONATE, characterized by comprising: a mixer (101), configured to mix water and calcium carbonate, thus obtaining a first solution; a multiple scrubber (100), comprising a cold steam scrubber (200), a shower scrubber (201), a plate scrubber (202) and a dehumidifier / fan (203); said multiple scrubber (100) being configured to receive said first solution from said mixer (101) and a fluid containing carbon dioxide, and generate a second solution comprising water, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate residues; a distribution tank (103), configured to receive said second solution; a decanter (102), configured to obtain, from said second solution, an aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate.

7. SYSTEM, according to claim 6, characterized by: said cold steam purifier (200) being configured to obtain, from said fluid and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a first fluid component; said shower purifier (201) being configured to obtain, from said first fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a second fluid component; said plate purifier (202) being configured to obtain, from said second fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a third fluid component; said dehumidifier / fan (203) being configured to obtain, from said third fluid component and said first solution, a liquid component containing calcium bicarbonate, and a fourth fluid component.

8. SYSTEM, according to claim 7, characterized in that the multiple scrubber (100) further comprises a collector / distributor (204) configured to collect the liquid component produced by the cold steam scrubber (200), shower scrubber (201), plate scrubber (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203), and to recirculate it in the same cold steam scrubber (200), shower scrubber (201), plate scrubber (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203) in addition to or as an alternative to the first solution, in order to obtain a liquid component with a higher concentration of calcium bicarbonate.

9. SYSTEM, according to claim 8, characterized by comprising a control unit configured to control the collector / distributor (204) to: based on the concentration of calcium bicarbonate in the liquid component produced by said cold steam scrubber (200), shower scrubber (201), plate scrubber (202) and dehumidifier / fan (203), either continue to recirculate said liquid component to the multiple scrubber (100) or emit, from the multiple scrubber (100), said liquid component, which in this case constitutes said second solution. Petition 870250072231, dated 15 / 08 / 2025, p. 61 / 67 5 / 5

Images