A method for producing seeds of a chrysanthemum morifolium hybrid

Abstract

The application discloses a seed production method of Brassica parachinensis hybrid, and belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding. The seed production method of the Brassica parachinensis hybrid comprises the following steps: sowing the male parent of the Brassica parachinensis in two periods, sowing the male parent of the Brassica parachinensis in the first period and the female parent of the Brassica parachinensis at the same time, and sowing the male parent of the Brassica parachinensis in the second period after 10-12 days of sowing the male parent of the Brassica parachinensis in the first period. According to the seed production method of the Brassica parachinensis hybrid, the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent of the Brassica parachinensis are relatively concentrated, pollination can be concentrated, the number of fruit pods that are bent and cracked or atrophy during development is effectively reduced, the complete development of the seeds of the Brassica parachinensis is effectively promoted, and the quality and the germination rate of the hybrid seeds of the Brassica parachinensis are improved, thereby providing a basis for the planting and popularization of the Brassica parachinensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hybridization breeding technology, and in particular to a method for producing hybrid Chinese cabbage. Background Technology

[0002] Choy sum, also known as Chinese cabbage scapes, belongs to the Brassicaceae family and the Brassicaceae genus. It is an annual or biennial herb, 30-50 cm tall, entirely glabrous; the stem is erect or ascending. Basal leaves are oblong or broadly ovate, 6-8 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with a rounded apex, entire margins, and a broad midrib and prominent lateral veins; the petioles are white or green, 3-4.5 cm long, slightly margined; lower cauline leaves are similar to the basal leaves, broadly ovate, with marginless petioles and do not clasp the stem; other cauline leaves are ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, all except the top leaves have petioles and do not clasp the stem, otherwise similar to other bok choy. The scapes are tender and used for stir-frying. Per 100 grams of fresh choy sum, there is 94-95 grams of water, 0.72-1.08 grams of carbohydrates, 0.21-0.33 grams of total nitrogen compounds, and 34-39 milligrams of vitamin C.

[0003] Currently, the Chinese broccoli varieties used in production are mostly conventional varieties. However, due to continuous cropping, climate change, varietal mixing, and poor disease and stress resistance, these varieties cannot meet production demands. Research has revealed that hybrid Chinese broccoli can overcome these shortcomings, significantly improving yield and quality. However, problems arise during seed production, such as long flowering periods of the female sterile line, pod bending and cracking, pod shrinkage, and failure to develop into complete seeds after pollination. These issues result in low seed yields, hindering the widespread application of hybrid Chinese broccoli. Therefore, how to increase the yield of hybrid Chinese broccoli seed production, enabling better application and ultimately increasing economic income, has become a pressing technical challenge for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for producing hybrid Chinese cabbage seeds to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By adjusting the planting period of the maternal and paternal parents of Chinese cabbage and the management methods during the planting period, the flowering period of the maternal and paternal parents of Chinese cabbage is made relatively concentrated, which effectively reduces the number of pods that bend, burst, or shrink, and effectively promotes the complete development of Chinese cabbage seeds, thereby improving the quality and germination rate of hybrid Chinese cabbage seeds, and providing a foundation for the planting and promotion of Chinese cabbage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: the male parent of Chinese cabbage is sown in two stages. The first stage of the male parent is sown simultaneously with the female parent, and the second stage of the male parent is sown 10-12 days after the first stage.

[0006] Furthermore, this also includes spraying mixed foliar fertilizer 1-2 times during the flowering period of the female plant of Chinese cabbage; conducting insect pollination during the flowering period of the female plant of Chinese cabbage; and spraying a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate during the bolting period of the male plant of Chinese cabbage.

[0007] Furthermore, the parent plant of the Chinese cabbage is a completely sterile line; the sterility of the parent plant is not affected by temperature; the mixed foliar fertilizer includes boron fertilizer and silver nitrate; the mass fraction of boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 0.5‰ to 1%, and the mass fraction of silver nitrate is 0.05‰ to 0.5‰; the dilution ratio of the 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate is 4000 times.

[0008] Furthermore, the insect pollination is bee pollination; the bee pollination specifically includes: releasing bees at the beginning of the flowering period of 1 / 3 of the flowering period of the Chinese cabbage mother plant, using 1,000 to 2,000 bees per acre.

[0009] Furthermore, the bees pollinating the Chinese cabbage are fed a mixture of Chinese cabbage pollen and sugar water for 3 to 10 days before the flowering period of the Chinese cabbage mother plant is 1 / 3; the mass ratio of Chinese cabbage pollen to sugar water in the mixture is 1:100 to 1:200.

[0010] Furthermore, the first and second stages of the Chinese cabbage parent plants (mother, father, and second stages) are sown in a row ratio of 2-4:1-2:1-2.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes the selection of planting sites, fertilization procedures, and flowering period control procedures.

[0012] Furthermore, the selection of the planting site specifically includes: selecting a dry, well-ventilated, cool, and easily drained loam or sandy loam soil plot as the planting site.

[0013] Furthermore, the previous crop planted on the planting site was not a cruciferous crop.

[0014] Furthermore, the fertilization step specifically includes:

[0015] (1) Apply organic fertilizer before sowing the first and second stages of the female and male plants of Chinese cabbage; the organic fertilizer is well-rotted animal manure;

[0016] (2) Apply controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 days before flowering of the female and male plants of Chinese cabbage, at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0017] (3) Spray gibberellin solution on the male parent of Chinese cabbage during the mid-flowering stage; the gibberellin solution is a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate; the dilution ratio is 4000 times.

[0018] Furthermore, the flowering period control method specifically includes: 8 to 10 days before the first flowering of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, punching holes in the leaves of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, with 1 to 5 holes of 1 mm in diameter punched on each leaf.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] (1) By planting the male parent of Chinese cabbage at different times, this invention ensures that the male parent can continuously provide pollen to the female parent when the female parent is flowering. Insect pollination is used during the flowering period of the female parent, which improves the pollination success rate of the female parent and overcomes the problem of low seed quality caused by low pollination rate of the female parent.

[0021] (2) This invention effectively improves soil fertility by applying organic fertilizer before planting Chinese cabbage. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the flowering of the maternal and paternal plants in the first and second stages. The release rate and release time of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer are consistent with the nutrient absorption pattern of crops, providing sufficient nutrition for the growth of Chinese cabbage, thereby improving the quality of Chinese cabbage flowers and the pollen production of the paternal plant, and also making the flowering period of the maternal plant concentrated and consistent. Spraying boron fertilizer and silver nitrate at the initial flowering stage of the maternal plant can promote the flowering of the maternal plant. Spraying gibberellin at the bolting stage of the paternal plant in the first and second stages can increase the amount of pollen produced by the paternal plant. The combination of multiple methods achieves the goal of concentrating the flowering period of the maternal plant and improving the pollination rate of the maternal plant.

[0022] (3) Punching holes in the leaves of the male parent of Chinese cabbage can make the male parent flower earlier and extend the flowering time of the male parent. The male parent will flower in the first stage before the female parent flowers, and the flowering period of the male parent in the first stage can last until the male parent flowers in the second stage, so as to make sufficient preparation for the pollination of the female parent.

[0023] (4) Feeding honeysuckle pollen before bee pollination can promote bees to collect nectar in a targeted manner and increase the pollination rate of the mother plant. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0027] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be obvious to those skilled in the art. This application specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0028] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0029] Site selection: Choose a plot of land with dry, well-ventilated, cool, and easily drained loam or sandy loam soil where the previous crop was not a cruciferous crop.

[0030] The plot was divided into 5 areas, each 1 acre in size, with a 20-meter interval between the areas, for the experiment.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for producing a hybrid Chinese cabbage variety:

[0033] (1) Land preparation: Deeply plow and turn the soil, let it dry for more than half a month, spread 1000 kg / mu of animal organic fertilizer, and mix the organic fertilizer with the soil and rake it flat.

[0034] Preparation of animal-based organic fertilizer: In summer, mix poultry and livestock excrement, wheat straw and water in a volume ratio of 5:1:2 and pile them up. The pile should be about 2m high and wide. Cover the outside of the pile with 4-6cm of fine soil and set up multiple ventilation holes in the pile. After 25 days of composting, turn the pile over, turning the outer layer to the inner layer and the inner layer to the outer layer. Continue to compost for another 20 days to obtain animal-based organic fertilizer.

[0035] (2) Sowing: The male parent of Chinese cabbage is sown in two stages. The first stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage is sown at the same time as the female parent of Chinese cabbage (a completely sterile line of Chinese cabbage). The second stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage is sown 10 days after the first stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage. First, sow 4 rows of female parent of Chinese cabbage and 1 row of the first stage of male parent of Chinese cabbage, and leave one row for the second stage of male parent of Chinese cabbage. 10 days later, plant the second stage of male parent of Chinese cabbage. The row spacing is 25cm and the plant spacing is 5cm.

[0036] (3) Apply controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer to the female and male plants of Chinese cabbage about 12 days before flowering, with a dosage of 10 kg / mu.

[0037] (4) About 9 days before the first flowering of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, punch holes in the leaves of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, with two holes of 1 mm in diameter in each leaf.

[0038] (5) Spray a mixed foliar fertilizer once at the initial flowering stage of the female parent of Chinese cabbage (the mass fraction of boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 1‰ and the mass fraction of silver nitrate is 0.1‰); spray a 4000-fold diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate at the bolting stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage.

[0039] (6) Spray gibberellin again during the mid-flowering stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, using a 4000-fold diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0040] (7) Feed the bees with a mixture of Chinese cabbage pollen and sugar water for 5 days before the flowering period of 1 / 3 of the Chinese cabbage mother plant, once a day. The specific method for preparing the mixture is to mix the Chinese cabbage pollen and sugar water and feed it to the bees. The mass ratio of Chinese cabbage pollen to sugar water is 1:100.

[0041] (8) When the flowering period of the 1 / 3 flowering period of the Chinese cabbage mother plant begins, release 1,500 bees per mu for bee pollination. After the seeds mature, harvest the Chinese cabbage hybrid.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Similar to Example 1, the difference is that step (1) specifically involves deep plowing and turning the soil, drying it for more than half a month, applying 1000 kg / mu of animal organic fertilizer and 100 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, and mixing the organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer with the soil and raking it flat.

[0044] Preparation of microbial fertilizer: Add 0.4 kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.3 kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.2 kg of yeast, 0.1 kg of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 100 kg of water to 1000 kg of food waste, mix well, and ferment at 80℃~90℃ for 24 hours.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] Same as in Example 1, except that in step (2), the row ratio of the first stage of the maternal parent, the first stage of the paternal parent, and the second stage of the paternal parent is 6:1:1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] Same as Example 1, except that in step (3), no controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was applied 12 days before the mother plant flowered.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] Similar to Example 1, the difference is that in step (1), the first planting of the male parent of Chinese cabbage was 5 days earlier than that of the female parent, and step (4) was not performed.

[0051] Example of effect 1

[0052] The planting methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to statistically analyze the flowering period, pod development and shrinkage, and the number of pods bending and bursting of the Chinese cabbage mother plant. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1

[0054]

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The quality and grade of the harvested Chinese cabbage hybrids were statistically analyzed using the planting methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2 Quality and grade of hybrid Chinese cabbage seeds

[0058]

[0059] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the application of microbial fertilizer can effectively avoid the problems of long flowering period, stunted pod development, and pod bending and cracking of the Chinese cabbage mother plant. At the same time, it can effectively improve the quality and grade of hybrid seed production. The microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer used in this invention can work together to promote the growth of Chinese cabbage. Meanwhile, microorganisms can regulate the soil structure, promote the growth of Chinese cabbage roots, make the Chinese cabbage plants stronger, and thus provide an excellent substrate for Chinese cabbage flowering and improve the quality of Chinese cabbage pollen.

[0060] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 3 in Tables 1 and 2, the seed production method of Example 1 has a better seed production effect. The method of planting the male parent of Chinese cabbage in advance in Comparative Example 3 cannot achieve the purpose of improving the pollination rate of the female parent. Planting the male parent in advance advances the flowering period of the male parent, but the total flowering period of the male parent remains unchanged. As a result, the flowering period of the second stage of the male parent cannot be connected with the flowering period of the first stage of the male parent, and cannot continuously provide pollen for the female parent. However, the method of punching holes in the leaves of the male parent in Example 1 can not only make the male parent flower earlier, but also extend the flowering time of the male parent. The first stage of the male parent has already flowered before the female parent, and the flowering period of the first stage of the male parent can continue until the second stage of the male parent has a large number of flowers, which makes sufficient preparation for the pollination of the female parent.

[0061] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a hybrid Chinese cabbage seed, characterized in that, The male parent of Chinese cabbage is sown in two stages. The first stage of sowing of the male parent is the same as that of the female parent. The second stage of sowing of the male parent is 10-12 days after the first stage. The seed production method also includes the selection of planting site, fertilization steps, and flowering period control steps. The fertilization steps specifically include: (1) applying organic fertilizer before the first and second stages of sowing of the female and male parents of Chinese cabbage; the organic fertilizer is well-rotted animal fertilizer; (2) applying organic fertilizer 10-15 days before flowering of the female and male parents of Chinese cabbage. (2) Apply controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer separately, with a dosage of 10 kg / mu; (3) Spray gibberellin solution during the flowering mid-stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage; the gibberellin solution is a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate; the dilution ratio is 4000 times; the female parent of Chinese cabbage, the first stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage and the second stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage are sown in a row ratio of 2-4:1-2:1-2; 8-10 days before the flowering of the first stage of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, punch holes in the leaves of the male parent of Chinese cabbage, punching 1-5 holes with a diameter of 1 mm on each leaf; The seed production method for the hybrid Chinese cabbage also includes spraying a mixed foliar fertilizer 1-2 times during the flowering period of the female parent; conducting insect pollination during the flowering period of the female parent; and spraying a diluted solution of 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate during the bolting period of the male parent. The parent plant of the Chinese cauliflower is a completely sterile line; the sterility of the parent plant is not affected by temperature; the mixed foliar fertilizer includes boron fertilizer and silver nitrate; the mass fraction of boron fertilizer in the mixed foliar fertilizer is 0.5‰ to 1%, and the mass fraction of silver nitrate is 0.05‰ to 0.5‰; the dilution ratio of the 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate is 4000 times.

2. The method for producing hybrid Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insect pollination is honeybee pollination; the honeybee pollination specifically includes: releasing honeybees at the beginning of the flowering period of 1 / 3 of the flowering period of the Chinese cabbage mother plant, using 1,000 to 2,000 honeybees per acre.

3. The method for producing hybrid Chinese cabbage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bees used for pollination were fed a mixture of Chinese cabbage pollen and sugar water for 3 to 10 days before the flowering period of the Chinese cabbage mother plant was 1 / 3 complete; the mass ratio of Chinese cabbage pollen to sugar water in the mixture was 1:100 to 1:

200.

4. The method for producing hybrid Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of planting sites specifically includes: selecting loam or sandy loam plots that are dry, well-ventilated, cool, and easy to drain and irrigate.

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