Preparation method of super-soft transparent solar cell

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a preparation method of an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell, which comprises the following steps: preparing a peelable high-transparency ultra-flexible substrate on the surface of a hard substrate, constructing a heterojunction on the ultra-flexible substrate by using a photoelectric conversion material capable of effectively utilizing ultraviolet light or infrared light, preparing a transparent single-junction solar cell or a solar cell assembly with high transmittance in a visible light band by adjusting the proportion and film thickness of the heterojunction material, and finally separating the ultra-flexible substrate and the hard substrate to realize the preparation of the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell and the assembly thereof.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a preparation method of super-flexible transparent solar cells. BACKGROUND

[0002] Transparent solar cells can convert light energy into electrical energy while allowing light to pass through, and can be used to manufacture smart glass and smart windows, and then applied to the fields of building and transportation. Super-flexible transparent solar cells prepared based on organic photoelectric functional materials or other types of thin-layer photoelectric functional materials have the characteristics of being more easily applied to the surfaces of various types of materials. For example, super-flexible transparent solar cells can be directly attached to smart glasses lenses to provide a source of energy while not affecting the use experience of the glasses. They can also be combined with other various wearable devices to provide the energy required to drive wearable devices while ensuring aesthetics. However, the preparation of super-flexible transparent solar cells still faces challenges. Most of the current flexible solar cells are prepared on bendable polymer substrates with self-supporting ability, and do not have the characteristics of super-flexibility. At the same time, since they mainly absorb and utilize visible band sunlight, they do not have the characteristics of transparency, and the application scenarios are thus limited. If transparent solar cells are directly prepared on super-flexible substrates, there is a problem of difficulty in device preparation caused by the deformation of the substrate. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems set forth in the above background, the present application provides a preparation method of super-flexible transparent solar cells, which prepares a peelable high-transparency super-flexible substrate on the surface of a hard substrate, and constructs a heterojunction on this type of super-flexible substrate using a photoelectric conversion material that can effectively utilize ultraviolet light or infrared light, adjusts the proportion and film thickness of the heterojunction material, and prepares a transparent single-junction solar cell or solar cell assembly with high transmittance in the visible light band, and finally separates the super-flexible substrate and the hard substrate to realize the preparation of super-flexible transparent solar cells and assemblies thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A preparation method of super-flexible transparent solar cells, comprising:

[0006] S1, providing a self-supportable substrate;

[0007] S2, preparing a peelable super-flexible transparent substrate layer on the self-supportable substrate;

[0008] S3, preparing a single-junction transparent solar cell or a transparent solar cell assembly on the peelable super-flexible transparent substrate layer;

[0009] S4, peeling the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell assembly from the self-supportable substrate, and completing the preparation of the super-flexible transparent solar cell.

[0010] The self-supportable substrate comprises a rigid substrate or a self-supportable flexible substrate.

[0011] The self-supportable substrate comprises one of a silicon substrate, a silicon / silicon oxide substrate, a glass substrate, a PMMA substrate, a PET substrate, a PI substrate or a metal substrate.

[0012] The super-flexible transparent substrate layer comprises a stretchable super-flexible transparent substrate layer and a non-stretchable super-flexible transparent substrate layer; the thickness of the super-flexible transparent substrate layer ranges from 100 nanometers to 500 microns.

[0013] The preparation method of the super-flexible transparent substrate layer comprises: preparing the super-flexible transparent substrate layer on the self-supportable substrate by a film layer preparation method of spin coating, slot coating, vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition or roll-to-roll coating; the material used for the super-flexible transparent substrate layer comprises a polymer material or a thin-layer inorganic material, and a laminated or composite material of the polymer material and the thin-layer inorganic material.

[0014] The polymer material or the thin-layer inorganic material comprises polyimide, acrylic elastomer VHB, PDMS, PET, PEN, PI, PE, SEBS, PMMA, SU-8, thin-layer SiO2, thin-layer TiO2, thin-layer Al2O3 or thin-layer SnO2.

[0015] The preparation method of the super-flexible transparent substrate layer comprises:

[0016] S201, preparing a surface treatment layer or a sacrificial layer on the self-supportable substrate;

[0017] S202, preparing the super-flexible transparent substrate layer above the surface treatment layer or the sacrificial layer.

[0018] The surface treatment layer comprises a surfactant treatment layer or a surface hydrophobic treatment layer; the sacrificial layer material comprises a water-soluble material, an organic, acid or alkaline solvent-soluble material or a laser completely or partially fusible material. The S3 comprises:

[0019] S301, preparing a patterned first electrode array with a first electrical isolation gap between each other above the super-flexible transparent substrate layer;

[0020] S302, preparing a patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight above the first electrode array, the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer forms partial exposure to each unit of the first electrode array at positions staggered with the first electrode gap, forming a series connection line;

[0021] S303, preparing a second electrode array with second electrical isolation gaps between each other above the transparent photoelectric conversion functional layer, the position of the second electrical isolation gaps being staggered with the first electrical isolation gaps and the series connection lines, the second electrode array being electrically connected with the first electrode array at the position of the series connection lines, and completing the preparation of the transparent solar cell module.

[0022] The photoelectric conversion functional layer includes a forward and inverted structure formed by a hole transport layer, a photoelectric conversion active layer, and an electron transport layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion active layer includes one of an organic photoelectric conversion active layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion active layer, a quantum dot photoelectric conversion active layer, an oxide or halide inorganic semiconductor active layer, and a stack of two or three of them, which have high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight. The photoelectric conversion functional layer also includes a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight.

[0023] The preparation method of the patterned first electrode array, the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer, and the patterned second electrode array includes preparing a patterned mask layer before preparing each layer, or using chemical etching, laser etching, or other schemes to pattern after preparing each layer.

[0024] In S4, the method for peeling off the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module from the self-supportable substrate is sacrificial layer removal peeling, laser thermal melting peeling, mechanical peeling, or ultrasonic peeling.

[0025] After peeling off the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module from the self-supportable substrate, the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer is prepared above the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module to isolate the super-flexible transparent solar cell from moisture and oxygen in the air.

[0026] Peeling off the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module from the self-supportable substrate includes, before peeling off, preparing a super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer above the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module to isolate the super-flexible transparent solar cell from moisture and oxygen in the air.

[0027] The preparation method of the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer includes:

[0028] Step 1: preparing a sacrificial layer or a surface treatment layer on a self-supportable substrate;

[0029] Step 2: preparing a super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer of a polymer material, a thin layer of inorganic material, or a polymer material and inorganic material alternately stacked above the sacrificial layer or the surface treatment layer;

[0030] Step three: covering the transfer stamp over the encapsulation layer, removing the sacrificial layer or directly lifting the encapsulation layer, and transferring the encapsulation layer to the transfer stamp;

[0031] Step four: transferring the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer to the surface of the solar cell by means of the transfer stamp to completely cover the cell unit;

[0032] Step five: removing the transfer stamp;

[0033] N times of execution of steps one to five to complete the preparation of the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer, N≥1.

[0034] After N times of execution, an edge-enhanced encapsulation layer with an edge length greater than that of the N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer and an edge of a thin layer of encapsulation enhancement material is covered on the N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer to form an N+1-layer encapsulation.

[0035] The preparation method of the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer further comprises: directly spin-coating or spraying a super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer on the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly.

[0036] The application also provides a super-flexible transparent solar cell, comprising:

[0037] A super-flexible transparent substrate;

[0038] A transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly arranged on the super-flexible transparent substrate.

[0039] The super-flexible transparent solar cell comprises N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layers arranged on the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly, N≥1; the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer comprises a polymer material, a thin layer of inorganic material, or an alternating stack of polymer material and inorganic material; and the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer completely covers the cell unit.

[0040] The super-flexible transparent solar cell comprises an N+1-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer arranged on the N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer; the N+1-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer has an edge length greater than that of the previous N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer, and has a thin layer of encapsulation enhancement material on the edge of the contact surface with the N-layer super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer; and the encapsulation enhancement material comprises photoresist and encapsulation glue.

[0041] After encapsulation, the average visible light transmittance of the super-flexible transparent solar cell ranges from 50% to 95%.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application prepares a detachable high-transparency super-flexible substrate on the surface of a hard substrate, and constructs a heterojunction on such super-flexible substrate with a photoelectric conversion material that can effectively utilize ultraviolet light and infrared light, by adjusting the proportion and film thickness of the heterojunction material, a transparent single-junction solar cell or solar cell module with high transmittance in the visible light band is prepared, and finally the high-transparency super-flexible substrate and the hard substrate are separated, realizing the preparation of super-flexible transparent solar cells and modules, and further expanding the application scenarios of transparent solar cells to the fields of smart patches, wearable devices, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is an optional example of preparing a detachable super-flexible transparent substrate layer on a self-supporting substrate;

[0044] Figure 2 is an example of an optional single-junction transparent solar cell structure;

[0045] Figure 3 is an example of an optional transparent solar cell module structure;

[0046] Figure 4 is an example of the packaging process of a super-flexible transparent solar cell;

[0047] Figure 5 is an example of the preparation process of a super-flexible transparent solar cell module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions of the present application will be further illustrated below in combination with the drawings and specific examples:

[0049] The present application is explained below in combination with specific examples.

[0050] Example 1 - Optional example of preparing a detachable super-flexible transparent substrate layer on a self-supporting substrate

[0051] As Figure 1As shown in Scheme 1, a surfactant treatment layer is formed on a self-supporting substrate, such as glass, by spin-coating a layer of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). An ultra-flexible transparent underlayer, such as a SEBS film, is then formed on top of the surfactant treatment layer. UV photoresist SU-8 (types 2005, 2002, or 2000.5) is spin-coated on top of the SEBS film and exposed to the entire wafer. If necessary, the film is heat-cured after exposure at 95°C for 3 minutes. The SEBS and SU-8 layers together constitute the ultra-flexible transparent underlayer. A single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module, comprising a transparent bottom electrode (Electrode 1), a photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and a transparent top electrode (Electrode 2) is then fabricated on top of the SU-8 layer using a selected photoelectric conversion material. The SEBS and subsequent layers are then mechanically peeled from the glass substrate, or a small amount of water is added to the SDS layer to facilitate peeling of the SEBS and subsequent layers from the rigid substrate. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell consisting of SEBS / SU-8 / Electrode 1 / Functional layers / Electrode 2 was obtained.

[0052] The SU-8 layer for surface smoothing may not be formed on the SEBS. Instead, a surface hydrophobic treatment layer, such as a single layer of octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS), may be formed on the self-supporting substrate to replace the surfactant treatment layer.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown in Scheme 2: a sacrificial layer of dextran is prepared on a self-supporting substrate, such as glass, and then an ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer, such as a SEBS film layer, is prepared as described in Scheme 1. A single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module including a transparent bottom electrode (Electrode 1), a photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers) and a transparent top electrode (Electrode 2) is further prepared on top of the SEBS film layer based on the selected photoelectric conversion material. Finally, the dextran layer is dissolved and removed with water to peel off the SEBS and the layers above from the hard substrate. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell consisting of SEBS / Electrode 1 / Functional layers / Electrode 2 is obtained.

[0054] The sacrificial layer material may also be selected from NaCl, metallic nickel, PEDOT:PSS, thin layer ZnO, etc. Depending on the solubility characteristics of the sacrificial layer material, the sacrificial layer may be removed using a dilute acid or a weak base.

[0055] like Figure 1As shown in Scheme 3: PI layer is prepared on a self-supporting substrate glass (Glass), and then SU-8 layer is prepared as described in Scheme 1. A single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module including transparent bottom electrode (Electrode 1), photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and transparent top electrode (Electrode 2) is further prepared on the SU-8 layer based on selected photoelectric conversion material. Finally, PI and the above layers are peeled off from the hard substrate by taking advantage of the characteristic that PI is easy to be peeled off directly from the hard substrate. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell composed of PI / SU-8 / Electrode 1 / Functional layers / Electrode 2 layers is obtained.

[0056] SU-8 layer for surface flattening can not be prepared on SEBS. PI layer can be partially fused by laser incident from the direction of glass substrate, and then the layers above PI are directly peeled off from the glass surface.

[0057] As shown in Scheme 2: PI layer is prepared on a self-supporting substrate glass (Glass), and then SU-8 layer is prepared as described in Scheme 1. A single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module including transparent bottom electrode (Electrode 1), photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and transparent top electrode (Electrode 2) is further prepared on the SU-8 layer based on selected photoelectric conversion material. Finally, PI and the above layers are peeled off from the hard substrate by taking advantage of the characteristic that PI is easy to be peeled off directly from the hard substrate. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell composed of PI / SU-8 / Electrode 1 / Functional layers / Electrode 2 layers is obtained. Figure 1 As shown in Scheme 4: PI layer, sacrificial layer dextran (Dextran), and ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer SEBS are sequentially prepared on a self-supporting substrate glass (Glass). A single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module including transparent bottom electrode (Electrode 1), photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and transparent top electrode (Electrode 2) is further prepared on the SEBS film layer based on selected photoelectric conversion material. Then, PI and the above layers are peeled off from the hard substrate by taking advantage of the characteristic that PI is easy to be peeled off directly from the hard substrate, and the dextran (Dextran) sacrificial layer is dissolved and removed with water, so that SEBS and the layers above are peeled off from the PI layer. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell composed of SEBS / Electrode 1 / Functional layers / Electrode 2 layers is obtained. The technical effect of this scheme is that the PI layer with certain color can be removed, further improving the transparency of the flexible transparent solar cell.

[0058] The sacrificial layer material used can also be selected from NaCl, metallic nickel, PEDOT:PSS, thin layer ZnO, etc. According to the dissolution characteristics of the sacrificial layer material, dilute acid or weak base can be selected to remove the sacrificial layer.

[0059] When the photoelectric conversion functional layer used is sensitive to water or oxygen, the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell can be encapsulated with an ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer before or after peeling.

[0060] The self-supporting substrate may also be other hard substrates or self-supporting flexible substrates, specifically including silicon substrates, silicon / silicon oxide substrates, PMMA substrates, PET substrates, PI substrates or metal substrates.

[0061] The ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer can be prepared on a self-supporting substrate by a film layer preparation method such as spin coating, slit coating, vacuum evaporation, chemical vapor deposition or roll-to-roll coating. The materials used for the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer include polymer materials or thin layers of inorganic materials, as well as stacks or composite materials of polymer materials and thin layers of inorganic materials.

[0062] The polymer material or thin layer inorganic material also includes polyimide, acrylic elastomer VHB, PDMS, PET, PMMA, thin layer SiO2, thin layer TiO2, thin layer Al2O3, and thin layer SnO2.

[0063] Example 2 - Preparation of a single-junction transparent solar cell

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the single-junction transparent solar cell on the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer consists of a bottom electrode (Electrode 1), a photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and a top electrode (Electrode 2). In this embodiment, optionally, the bottom electrode is composed of a transparent ITO electrode sputtered in a high vacuum system; the photoelectric conversion functional layer is composed of a hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS, a photoelectric conversion active layer PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F, and an electron transport layer ZnO spin-coated in sequence; and the top electrode is composed of spin-coated AgNWs.

[0065] When the working area of ​​the device needs to be determined by the intersection area of ​​the upper and lower electrodes, the patterning of the ITO electrode can be achieved by laser etching or adding a mask plate during sputtering. The patterning of the AgNWs electrode can be achieved by spin coating first and then laser etching, or by adding a metal mask plate when spraying AgNWs.

[0066] By adjusting the ratio and concentration of PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F in the range of 1:1 to 1:10 and 25 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL, ultra-flexible transparent solar cell devices with an average transmittance in the visible light band adjustable from 40% to 85% can be prepared.

[0067] Example 3 - Preparation of a transparent solar cell module

[0068] like Figure 3As shown in the middle 301, the single-junction transparent solar cell above the super-flexible transparent substrate layer is composed of the first electrode layer (Electrode 1), the photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers), and the second electrode layer (Electrode 2). As shown in the left 301, the first electrode layer (Electrode 1) is a patterned array of electrodes, and the second electrode layer (Electrode 2) is also a patterned array of electrodes. The photoelectric conversion functional layer (Functional layers) is a patterned layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight. The patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer is partially exposed to each unit of the first electrode array at positions offset from the first electrode gaps (P2). The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a series connection at the P2 position. Figure 3 As shown in the middle 302, in this embodiment, the optional first electrode layer is prepared on the super-flexible transparent substrate layer (Substrate) with an electrically isolated gap P1 between each other; then the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight is prepared on the first electrode layer, and the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer forms a partial exposure (P2) to each unit of the first electrode array at positions offset from the first electrode gaps; further, the second electrode layer with an electrically isolated gap P3 between each other is prepared on the photoelectric conversion functional layer, completing the preparation of the solar cell assembly. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a series connection at the P2 position.

[0069] The photoelectric conversion functional layer includes a forward and inverted structure formed by a hole transport layer, a photoelectric conversion active layer, and an electron transport layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion active layer includes one of an organic photoelectric conversion active layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion active layer, or a quantum dot photoelectric conversion active layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight, and a stack of two or three thereof.

[0070] The photoelectric conversion functional layer further includes a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight.

[0071] The preparation method of the patterned first electrode array, the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer, and the patterned second electrode array includes preparing a patterned mask layer before preparing each layer, or using chemical etching, laser etching, or other schemes for patterning after preparing each layer.

[0072] Embodiment 4 - an example of the packaging process of a super-flexible transparent solar cell

[0073] As shown in the middle 401, in this embodiment, the optional first electrode layer is prepared on the super-flexible transparent substrate layer (Substrate) with an electrically isolated gap P1 between each other; then the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight is prepared on the first electrode layer, and the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer forms a partial exposure (P2) to each unit of the first electrode array at positions offset from the first electrode gaps; further, the second electrode layer with an electrically isolated gap P3 between each other is prepared on the photoelectric conversion functional layer, completing the preparation of the solar cell assembly. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a series connection at the P2 position. Figure 4 As shown in the middle 401, in this embodiment, the optional first electrode layer is prepared on the super-flexible transparent substrate layer (Substrate) with an electrically isolated gap P1 between each other; then the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight is prepared on the first electrode layer, and the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer forms a partial exposure (P2) to each unit of the first electrode array at positions offset from the first electrode gaps; further, the second electrode layer with an electrically isolated gap P3 between each other is prepared on the photoelectric conversion functional layer, completing the preparation of the solar cell assembly. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a series connection at the P2 position. As shown in the middle 401, in this embodiment, the optional first electrode layer is prepared on the super-flexible transparent substrate layer (Substrate) with an electrically isolated gap P1 between each other; then the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer with high transmittance in the visible band of sunlight is prepared on the first electrode layer, and the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer forms a partial exposure (P2) to each unit of the first electrode array at positions offset from the first electrode gaps; further, the second electrode layer with an electrically isolated gap P3 between each other is prepared on the photoelectric conversion functional layer, completing the preparation of the solar cell assembly. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a series connection at the P2 position.

[0074] As Figure 4 As shown in Fig. 402, the encapsulation film layer PDMS / SU-8_EN1 / SEBS_EN1 with the stamping PDMS is inverted, and then the area of the transparent solar cell device above the super-flexible transparent substrate layer that needs to be encapsulated is aligned with the center area of the encapsulation film layer, and is covered above the SEBS_EN1 film layer, so that the two are naturally attached or attached with the assistance of weak gas flow blowing of a nitrogen gun, and then the stamping PDMS is removed, to obtain the super-flexible transparent solar cell (Substrate / Device / SEBS_EN1 / SU-8_EN1) that has been encapsulated once. In this embodiment, optionally, a second SEBS / SU-8 encapsulation film layer PDMS / SU-8_EN2 / SEBS_EN2 with the stamping PDMS is prepared according to the foregoing steps, and the second encapsulation is performed according to the foregoing steps, to obtain the super-flexible transparent solar cell (Substrate / Device / SEBS_EN1 / SU-8_EN1 / SEBS_EN2 / SU-8_EN2) that has been encapsulated twice.

[0075] After the preparation of the first two encapsulation layers, a third SEBS / SU-8 encapsulation film layer PDMS / SU-8_EN3 / SEBS_EN3 with the stamping PDMS is prepared according to the foregoing steps, and the edge length of the third encapsulation layer is greater than that of the first and second encapsulation layers. An appropriate amount of SU8 photoresist is coated on the edge to prepare an edge-enhanced encapsulation layer (PDMS / SU-8_EN3 / SEBS_EN3 / SU-8_edge) with a thin layer of encapsulation enhancement material on the edge, and then the foregoing encapsulation operation is repeated. The encapsulation glue covers the edge beyond the edge of the first two encapsulation layers, and after the attachment, the entire piece is exposed to ultraviolet light, the stamping PDMS is removed, and the super-flexible transparent solar cell (Substrate / Device / SEBS_EN1 / SU-8_EN1 / SEBS_EN2 / SU-8_EN2 / SU-8_edge / SEBS_EN3 / SU-8_EN3) that has been encapsulated three times is obtained.

[0076] The encapsulation operation can be performed N times as needed, N≥1.

[0077] The encapsulation operation with the edge-enhanced encapsulation layer having a thin layer of encapsulation enhancement material on the edge can be performed n times as needed, n≥0.

[0078] The preparation method of the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer further comprises: directly spin-coating or spraying a super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer above the single-junction transparent solar cell or the transparent solar cell module.

[0079] It should be noted that the encapsulation operation can be performed before peeling. Before peeling the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the monojunction transparent solar cell or solar cell device thereon from the self-supportable substrate, a super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer is prepared thereon, and then the super-flexible transparent substrate layer and the monojunction transparent solar cell or solar cell device thereon are peeled from the self-supportable substrate together with the super-flexible transparent encapsulation layer, to obtain the encapsulated super-flexible transparent solar cell.

[0080] Example 5 - an example of a preparation process of a super-flexible transparent solar cell device, the structure of each layer of the device being: SEBS / SU-8 / ITO / PEDOT:PSS / PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F / ZnO / AgNWs

[0081] As shown in 501 of the above-mentioned method, the preparation process of the super-flexible transparent solar cell device comprises the following steps: Figure 5

[0082] S1. Clean the glass substrate and dry it to serve as a self-supportable substrate.

[0083] S2. Spin-coat a surfactant treatment layer of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the glass substrate; spin-coat a SEBS layer on the SDS; spin-coat a SU-8 layer on the SEBS layer, and perform exposure, the SU-8 layer and the SEBS layer together constituting a super-flexible transparent substrate layer.

[0084] S3. In a super-high vacuum system, prepare ITO as a first electrode on the SU-8 layer by magnetron sputtering, and in the sputtering process, use a metal mask to form a patterned first electrode array with electrically isolated gaps P1 between each other; spin-coat PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer on the ITO electrode array; then spin-coat a photoelectric conversion active layer on the PEDOT:PSS, and in this example, the photoelectric conversion active layer used is PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F = 5:10 mg / mL, which is annealed on a hot stage at 60°C for 5 minutes; then spin-coat a ZnO nanoparticle layer as an electron transport layer; on the right side of the ITO bottom electrode isolation line P1, use laser etching to expose a certain width of the upper surface of the ITO as a series contact line P2; spin-coat AgNWs as a second electrode; on the right side of the series contact line, use laser etching to form a top electrode isolation line P3 on the AgNWs layer, to complete the preparation of the transparent solar cell series device.

[0085] ​S4. The SEBS and the transparent solar cell tandem assembly above it are peeled off from the glass substrate as a whole, which can be directly mechanically peeled off or a small amount of deionized water can be added under the SEBS to accelerate the peeling, to obtain the super-flexible transparent solar cell tandem assembly. The assembly structure is as shown in Figure 5 Functional layers are composed of PEDOT:PSS / PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F / ZnO three layers, as shown in 502.

[0086] The super-flexible transparent solar cell assembly can be packaged with a super-flexible transparent packaging layer first, and then the SEBS and the transparent solar cell tandem assembly above it are peeled off from the glass substrate as a whole.

[0087] The SEBS and the transparent solar cell tandem assembly above it are peeled off from the glass substrate as a whole to obtain the super-flexible transparent solar cell tandem assembly, and then the super-flexible transparent solar cell tandem assembly is packaged with a super-flexible transparent packaging layer to improve the stability of the assembly in the atmospheric environment.

[0088] It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and range of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application.

[0089] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be properly combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell, characterized in that: include: S1. providing a self-supporting substrate; S2. preparing a peelable ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer on a self-supporting substrate; S3, preparing a single-junction transparent solar cell or a transparent solar cell module on a peelable ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer; S4, peeling the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module from the self-supporting substrate to complete the preparation of the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell. The ultra-soft transparent substrate layer includes a stretchable ultra-soft transparent substrate layer; the ultra-soft transparent substrate layer has a thickness ranging from 100 nanometers to 500 micrometers. The ultra-soft transparent substrate layer is composed of SEBS and SU-8 layers. in, The S3 includes: S301, preparing a patterned first electrode array with first electrical isolation gaps between them on an ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer; S302, preparing a patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer having high transmittance in the visible wavelength band of sunlight above the first electrode array, wherein the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer partially exposes each unit of the first electrode array at a position staggered from the first electrode gap to form a series connection line; S303: Prepare a second electrode array above the transparent photoelectric conversion functional layer with a second electrical isolation gap between them. The second electrical isolation gap is staggered from the first electrical isolation gap and the series connection line. The second electrode array is electrically connected to the first electrode array at the position of the series connection line, thereby completing the preparation of the transparent solar cell module. The photoelectric conversion functional layer includes a forward or inverted structure formed by a hole transport layer, a photoelectric conversion active layer and an electron transport layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion active layer is PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F.

2. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The self-supporting substrate includes a hard substrate or a self-supporting flexible substrate.

3. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The self-supporting substrate includes one of a silicon substrate, a silicon / silicon oxide substrate, a glass substrate, a PMMA substrate, a PET substrate, a PI substrate or a metal substrate.

4. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the ultra-soft transparent substrate layer is as follows: S201, preparing a surface treatment layer or a sacrificial layer on a self-supporting substrate; S202: Prepare an ultra-soft transparent substrate layer on the surface treatment layer or the sacrificial layer.

5. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 4, wherein: The surface treatment layer includes a surfactant treatment layer and a surface hydrophobic treatment layer; the sacrificial layer material includes a water-soluble material, an organic, acidic or alkaline solvent-soluble material or a laser-meltable material.

6. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The photoelectric conversion functional layer further includes a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion functional layer having high transmittance in the visible wavelength band of sunlight.

7. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The method for preparing the patterned first electrode array, the patterned photoelectric conversion functional layer and the patterned second electrode array includes preparing a patterned mask layer before preparing each layer, or patterning each layer by chemical etching, laser etching or the like after preparing each layer.

8. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the method of peeling the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell module from the self-supporting substrate is: sacrificial layer removal peeling, laser thermal melting peeling, mechanical peeling or ultrasonic peeling.

9. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly are peeled off from the self-supporting substrate, an ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer is prepared on the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly to isolate the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell from moisture and oxygen in the air.

10. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of peeling the ultra-flexible transparent substrate layer and the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly from the self-supporting substrate includes: before peeling, isolating the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell from moisture and oxygen in the air by preparing an ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer on the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly.

11. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that: The preparation method of the ultra-soft transparent encapsulation layer comprises: Step 1: preparing a sacrificial layer or a surface treatment layer on a self-supporting substrate; Step 2: preparing an ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer of polymer material, thin layer of inorganic material, or alternating stacks of polymer material and inorganic material on top of the sacrificial layer or the surface treatment layer; Step 3: Cover the encapsulation layer with a transfer stamp, remove the sacrificial layer or directly lift up the encapsulation layer, and transfer the encapsulation layer onto the transfer stamp; Step 4: Use a transfer stamp to transfer the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer to the surface of the solar cell, completely covering the battery cell; Step 5: Remove the transfer stamp; Execute steps 1 to 5 N times to complete the preparation of the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer, where N≥1.

12. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: After N executions, an edge reinforcement encapsulation layer with a thin layer of encapsulation reinforcement material on the edge is covered on top of the Nth layer of ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer, and the edge lengths of each side are greater than the corresponding side lengths of the N layers of ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layers to make the N+1th layer of encapsulation.

13. The method for preparing an ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that: The method for preparing the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer further comprises: directly spin coating or spraying the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer on the single-junction transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly.

14. An ultra-flexible transparent solar cell prepared according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that: include: Peelable ultra-soft transparent substrate; A transparent solar cell or a transparent solar cell assembly is arranged on the ultra-flexible transparent substrate.

15. The ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 14, characterized in that: It includes N ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layers arranged above the transparent solar cell or transparent solar cell assembly, N≥1; the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer includes a polymer material, a thin layer of inorganic material or an alternating stacked layer of polymer material and inorganic material; the ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer completely covers the battery unit.

16. The ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 15, characterized in that: The N+1th ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer is provided above the Nth ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer; each side length of the N+1th ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer is greater than the corresponding side lengths of the first N ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layers, and a thin layer of encapsulation reinforcement material is provided at the edge of the contact surface between the Nth ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer and the Nth ultra-flexible transparent encapsulation layer; The packaging enhancement material includes photoresist and packaging glue.

17. The ultra-flexible transparent solar cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: After packaging, the average visible light transmittance of the ultra-flexible transparent solar cell ranges from 50% to 95%.

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