Rock-soil mass drilling automatic layering logging and drilling process monitoring method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of rock-soil body borehole automatic layering and drilling process supervision method, comprising: installing or embedding sensor unit and data acquisition device on drilling machine;Monitoring and recording drill bit displacement, drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure, drill pipe rotating speed and drilling time, dividing auxiliary process and pure drilling process;Drilling depth-time curve of pure drilling process, reset collection interval time;Identify drilling speed turning point on the drilling depth-time curve of pure drilling process;Determine the drilling depth interval between adjacent two turning points and corresponding drilling speed, complete the automatic layering of rock-soil body;Analyze the data collected in auxiliary process, eliminate possible data forgery problem, complete the drilling process supervision of rock-soil body.The present application overcomes the shortcomings of traditional drilling manual recording, realizes the purpose of automatic layering and supervision of stratum in drilling process by analyzing drilling displacement, drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure, drill pipe rotating speed and drilling time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geological drilling, and in particular relates to a method for automatic layered cataloging of rock and soil body drilling and a drilling process supervision method. Background Art

[0002] Rock and soil stratification is a crucial task in drilling, providing valuable guidance for engineering, construction, and mining. In general, borehole logging in geotechnical engineering involves recording drill depth by measuring drill rod length and the remaining length of each drill pass. For coring, the lithology and corresponding drilling depth must also be recorded. However, during the logging process, the cumulative length of drill rod is susceptible to human error and is affected by the varying qualifications of drill rig operators. Manual logging methods present several challenges: First, due to challenging on-site drilling conditions, low-quality loggers, and complex drilling production management, the quality of current borehole logging is low. Second, when determining formation lithology and corresponding depth, the cumulative length of drill rod is typically used to identify the interface depth between different lithologies, resulting in significant errors in the identified interface depth. Third, borehole logging often only records drilling depth and lithology information, ignoring the rock-breaking response of the drill rig during drilling, resulting in data waste. Fourth, manual logging often overlooks structural planes or thin, weak zones.

[0003] On the other hand, some engineering drilling operations are prone to falsification, resulting in drill core data not matching actual depths. This directly contributes to the current low quality of borehole documentation. This is primarily due to drillers falsifying data to defraud survey fees, fabricating drill hole documentation without actually drilling. This significantly impacts the quality of project surveys. To address this, relevant authorities require survey units to upload photos of the drilling process and drill cores collected via a software platform. However, these uploaded photos are static and cannot guarantee actual drilling activity. This makes oversight extremely difficult, and can sometimes be relegated to a formality.

[0004] In short, current manual cataloging is more dependent on the experience and level, and even the professionalism, of the cataloger, and is difficult to supervise. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In light of the shortcomings of existing technologies and to overcome the drawbacks of traditional manual borehole logging, this invention integrates a data monitoring and acquisition system with a drilling rig to propose a method for automatic layered logging of rock and soil boreholes and monitoring the drilling process. The data acquisition system, comprising a sensor unit and a data acquisition unit, is installed on the drilling rig. The sensor unit monitors the drilling rig's rock-breaking response, while the data acquisition unit receives electrical signals from the sensor, controls the sampling frequency, and displays and stores the monitored data in real time. By analyzing borehole displacement, drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure, drill pipe speed, and drilling time, the system automatically layers and monitors the formations during the drilling process.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for automatic layered cataloging of rock and soil drilling and monitoring of the drilling process, comprising:

[0008] Step 100: Install or embed a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a data acquisition device on a drilling rig, determine the acquisition interval of each sensor, and start drilling with the drilling rig;

[0009] Step 200: Each sensor monitors and records the drill bit displacement, drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure, drill rod speed, and drilling time, and divides the auxiliary process into the pure drilling process;

[0010] Step 300: The data collected during the pure drilling process are spliced ​​and sorted in chronological order, a drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is drawn, and the collection interval is reset;

[0011] Step 400, identifying a drilling speed turning point on a drilling depth-time curve of a pure drilling process;

[0012] Step 500: Determine the drilling depth interval between two adjacent turning points and the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval based on the drilling speed turning points, and complete the automatic layered cataloging of the rock and soil mass;

[0013] Step 600 is to analyze the data collected in the auxiliary process, eliminate possible data falsification problems, ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the drilling operation, and complete the drilling process supervision of the rock and soil body; wherein there is no order between step 300 and step 600.

[0014] As a preferred improvement, in step 100, the acquisition interval of each sensor is determined according to the hardness of the formation, and the preferred acquisition interval is 1 second.

[0015] As a preferred improvement solution, in step 200, the auxiliary process and the pure drilling process are divided according to the difference in drill bit displacement between the two acquisition interval time points, the size of the drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure value, and whether the drill rod speed is greater than 0.

[0016] As a preferred improvement scheme, in step 300, resetting the acquisition interval time is to expand the acquisition interval time in step 100 by n times, where n is determined based on the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process, as well as the hardness of the formation, the continuity of the formation and the minimum layer thickness, and is preferably 50-150.

[0017] As a preferred improvement, in step 400, the method for identifying the turning point of the drilling speed is as follows:

[0018] If the drilling depth-time curve is smooth, the depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is the drilling speed, and the point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point;

[0019] If the drilling depth-time curve is not smooth, the number of data obtained by expanding the acquisition interval in step 300 by n times is counted as s, and m (m <s)个数据进行拟合计算相关系数,即计算第1个点到第m个点的相关系数为R1,第2个点到第m+1个点的相关系数为R2,第3个点到第m+2个点的相关系数为R3,......,直到第s-m+1个点到第s点的系数为R s-m+1 ; Calculate the two correlation coefficients R before and after j and R j+1 The difference (j≤sm) is greater than a certain value α (α is the correlation coefficient R of the two groups of data before and after the control j and R j+1 The maximum critical value of the change), then the latter group R j+1 The last point is the turning point, that is, the j+mth point is the turning point.

[0020] As a preferred improvement, α is determined based on the smoothness of the drilling depth-time curve and the requirements for the degree of zoning, and is preferably set to 0.005-0.05.

[0021] As a preferred improvement scheme, in step 500, the drilling depth interval is determined based on the turning point. The depth point corresponding to the turning point on the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is the segmentation point of the drilling depth interval, and the depth between two adjacent segmentation points is the drilling depth interval.

[0022] As a preferred improvement, in step 500, the method for determining the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval is as follows:

[0023] If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is smooth, the drilling speed is constant. Then the depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is the drilling speed. The point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point. The depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is determined using formulas (1) and (2):

[0024] H(t+Δt)=kΔt+H(t) (1)

[0025]

[0026] Where H represents the drilling depth corresponding to time t, and k is the slope of a certain straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, that is, the drilling speed on the straight line segment;

[0027] If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is not smooth, each point in the drilling depth interval is linearly fitted to obtain the drilling speed; specifically, the drilling depth H is controlled by a set of data. j and the corresponding pure drilling time t j The relationship between, where subscript j = l, l + 1, ..., L (1 ≤ l <L≤N),N为钻孔完成时最后一次采样的时间;当H j With t j When there is a linear relationship, the fitting straight line equation is described by formula (3):

[0028] H(t)=kt+b (3)

[0029] Where k is the slope of the fitted straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, and b is a constant coefficient;

[0030] The coefficients k and b are determined by formula (4) and formula (5) respectively:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] in, The coefficient k is the time interval from t1 to t l The drilling speed in the interval;

[0034] Preferably, through the least square method, the above coefficients k and b can minimize the square of the total difference in formula (6):

[0035]

[0036] Preferably, the goodness of fit between the above-mentioned fitted straight line equation and the original data is given by formula (7):

[0037]

[0038] Among them, RSS refers to the residual sum of squares, TSS refers to the total sum of squares; regression index R 2 The closer it is to 1, the better the linear correlation of drilling speed.

[0039] As a preferred improvement scheme, in step 500, the rock and soil body is stratified according to the drilling speed value, and the stratification is recorded to complete the automatic cataloging of the rock and soil body drilling holes; preferably, the data obtained by monitoring in step 200 is transmitted to the cloud platform by remote wireless means, and the monitoring data is analyzed by compiling software to quickly find the turning point of the drilling speed, determine the drilling depth range and the corresponding drilling speed.

[0040] As a better improvement scheme, in step 600, the status of the drilling rig during the entire drilling process, such as empty drilling, rod changing and shutdown, is obtained; preferably, the drilling process supervision is achieved by transmitting the data obtained by monitoring in step 200 to the cloud platform by remote wireless means and monitoring it in the monitoring room at all times.

[0041] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: it proposes a method for automatic layered cataloging of rock and soil drilling and monitoring of the drilling process, which combines a data monitoring and acquisition system with a drilling rig. Compared with traditional manual cataloging methods, it has the following advantages:

[0042] 1) The present invention can automatically catalog boreholes without relying on the experience and level of the cataloger. It is faster than traditional manual cataloging and the results are more objective and accurate.

[0043] 2) The collected data can reflect the status of rock breaking by the drilling rig and make full use of the data generated by drilling and rock breaking.

[0044] 3) Using the drilling speed of the pure drilling process to stratify is a stratification of the engineering rock mass quality, which is more in line with engineering needs.

[0045] 4) By analyzing auxiliary process data, possible data falsification problems can be eliminated and effective supervision of the drilling process can be achieved.

[0046] 5) The present invention can continuously detect the stratum, obtain continuous stratum information, and identify weak zones with smaller thickness.

[0047] 6) The monitoring data is remotely and wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform. By compiling software to analyze the real-time monitoring data, the automatic layering and cataloging of the rock and soil mass can be quickly completed, and remote real-time monitoring can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings without inventive effort.

[0049] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended solely to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons skilled in the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in sizes, provided they do not affect the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall remain within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for automatic layered cataloging of rock and soil masses according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is a topographical diagram of a drilling location in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition system of the present invention combined with a drilling rig;

[0053] Figure 4 1. This is a schematic diagram of a time curve of raw drilling data collection (drill bit displacement, drill pipe speed, inlet and outlet oil pressures) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 2 is a schematic diagram of a drilling depth-time curve of a pure drilling process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the linear regression results of drilling depth and drilling time for some layers in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is partition 1, (b) is partition 12, (c) is partition 22, and (d) is partition 33;

[0056] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of turning points and 33 zones on the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a comparison between the manual hierarchical cataloging in an embodiment of the present invention and the hierarchical cataloging of the present invention.

[0058] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application, but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0059] 1-Drill rod; 2-Drill chuck; 3-Drill bit; 4-Coring tube; 5-Displacement sensor; 6-Speed ​​sensor; 7-Oil inlet pipe oil pressure sensor; 8-Oil outlet pipe oil pressure sensor; 9-Data acquisition device; 10-Indicator light; 11-Wireless transmission module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, further, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. Herein, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are used to explain the present application, but are not as limitations to the present application.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "comprising", "consisting of", or any other variant thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that a product, device, process or method that includes a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also can include other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such product, device, process or method. Without more limitations, the elements defined by the phrases "comprising", "consisting of" do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the product, device, process or method including the elements.

[0062] It should also be understood that the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0063] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices, components or structures referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed or operated in a particular orientation, and cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application.

[0064] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0065] The implementation of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.

[0066] The present application combines data acquisition with a drilling rig and proposes a method for automatic logging and supervision of rock-soil drilling, such as Figure 1The data acquisition system is combined with the drilling rig as shown in the figure, and the model and parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0067] The method of the application will be described in detail below in combination with specific projects and specific figures.

[0068] The drilling site is located in Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 The test site mainly develops Mesozoic-Cenozoic strata, including Triassic, Jurassic, Neogene and Quaternary. Among them, the Quaternary loess is the most widely distributed, and the remaining strata are mostly sporadically exposed along the two sides of the valley. The rock lithology of the test site mainly includes sandstone and mudstone.

[0069] The drilling time is from September 8, 2018 to September 11, 2018, a total of 4 days, and the total drilling depth is 102m. The drilling rig used in this test is XY-4 type drilling rig, including drill rod 1, drilling rig chuck 2, drill bit 3 and coring tube 4. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition system of the application combined with the drilling rig, and the model and parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Model and parameters of the drilling rig and each sensor used in a drilling hole in Yan'an

[0071]

[0072] Step 100, the displacement sensor 5, the drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure sensor (including the oil inlet pipe oil pressure sensor 7 and the oil outlet pipe oil pressure sensor 8), the rotation speed sensor 6 and the data acquisition device 9 are installed on the drilling rig without damage, or the above-mentioned sensors and the data acquisition device can be embedded in the drilling rig. The data acquisition device 9 is also provided with an indicator light 10 and a wireless transmission module 11. The collection interval time of each sensor is set, the drilling rig is started, and each sensor and the data acquisition device 9 are turned on.

[0073] In the application, the real-time measurement device of displacement selects a pull rope displacement sensor, the real-time measurement device of drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure selects a liquid pressure sensor, the real-time measurement device of drill rod rotation speed selects a rotation speed probe, and the data acquisition device selects a dataTaker DT80 steel string type vibration string type reader produced by Beijing Shudai Technology Co., Ltd.

[0074] In the application, the collection interval time of each sensor is determined according to the hardness of the stratum, and the collection interval time is set to 1 second in this project.

[0075] The drilling process collects the bit displacement, the drill pipe rotation speed and the oil pressure of the inlet and outlet pipes. As a comparison, the test personnel manually records the core on the drilling site and records the drilling depth by measuring the drill pipe length and the residual length of each round.

[0076] Step 200, monitoring, recording and transmitting the bit displacement, the drilling hydraulic oil pressure, the drill pipe rotation speed and the drilling time monitored by the above-mentioned sensors. Figure 4 For the raw collected data of the third day of the drilling, the whole drilling process of the day can be intuitively seen, and it is obvious that the working state of the drilling machine is stopped in the time period when the monitoring parameters remain unchanged, at which time the rod pulling coring operation or the drilling machine maintenance is generally performed. Except for the stop time, the drilling machine is in the drilling state, and the subsequent drilling speed stratification work can be performed by screening the part of the data.

[0077] In the present application, according to the discrimination basis given in Table 2, the difference of the bit displacement between the two collection interval time points, the size of the drilling hydraulic oil pressure value and whether the drill pipe rotation speed is greater than 0 are used to divide the auxiliary process and the pure drilling process, and the data of the auxiliary process is deleted to obtain the collected data in the pure drilling process.

[0078] Table 2: Judgment basis of the drilling machine state in the drilling process

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] According to the monitoring data judgment basis of the drilling process shown in Table 2, the while-drilling parameters in four days are screened. In the drilling, since the rock lithology of the site is mainly sandstone and mudstone, the wear and shaking of the drill bit are not obvious, so the monitoring error speed b caused by the rock stratum can be ignored, i.e. 0. At the same time, since the rock lithology is not too hard, the drilling process is relatively smooth, and when drilling to the rock with weak engineering rock mass properties, the drilling speed is larger, and the critical speed of drilling and idle drilling in the rock stratum is found to be a of 10 mm / s.

[0082] Step 300, the data collected in the pure drilling process of the above-mentioned step 200 is spliced and sorted in the order, the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is drawn, and the collection interval time is reset, such as shown in the figure. Figure 5 The slope on the curve is the drilling speed.

[0083] In the present application, the initial collection interval time set before drilling starts is not clear enough about how much is appropriate (because drilling has not started, the properties of the rock-soil body are unknown), in order to prevent missing, the initial collection interval time is usually set very small, such as one second. This results in too much data collected in most cases.

[0084] After the drilling depth-time curve is made, the properties of the rock-soil body are recognized at this time. At this time, re-setting the collection interval time can effectively reduce some processing data, or discard some redundant data collected during the initial collection, facilitate processing a large amount of data, and improve data analysis efficiency.

[0085] In the present application, the collection interval time in step 100 is enlarged n times, n is determined according to the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process, and the hardness, continuity and minimum stratification thickness of the stratum, preferably 50-150, the collection interval time is enlarged 100 times in the present engineering (i.e. n is 100).

[0086] Step 400, identifying the drilling speed turning point in the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process. From Figure 5 It can be seen that the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process changes in a segmented linear manner, there is a turning point between each linear segment, and the slope of each linear segment is the drilling speed in the depth of the segment.

[0087] In the present application, the identification method of the drilling speed turning point is as follows:

[0088] If the drilling depth-time curve is smooth, the depth difference between each two points divided by the collection interval time is the drilling speed, and the point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point;

[0089] If the drilling depth-time curve is not smooth, the number of data obtained after the collection interval time in step 300 is enlarged n times is counted as s, m (m < s) data are selected for fitting calculation of correlation coefficient, i.e. the correlation coefficient from the 1st point to the mth point is R1, the correlation coefficient from the 2nd point to the m+1th point is R2, the correlation coefficient from the 3rd point to the m+2th point is R3,..., until the correlation coefficient from the s-m+1th point to the s point is R s-m+1 , the difference value (j ≤ s-m) of the correlation coefficients R j and R j+1 before and after calculation is calculated, if it is greater than a certain value α (α is the maximum critical value of controlling the change of the correlation coefficients R j and R j+1 before and after), the last point of the latter R j+1 is the turning point, i.e. the j+mth point is the turning point.

[0090] In the present invention, α is determined based on the smoothness of the drilling depth-time curve and the requirements for the degree of zoning, and is preferably 0.005-0.05. In this project, α is 0.01.

[0091] It should be understood that the degree of zoning determines different zoning results. Because the actual drilling depth-time curve is composed of many discrete points, the higher the zoning requirements, the greater the number of zoning. Higher zoning requirements also mean a smoother curve. Specifically, a higher correlation coefficient for the fitted line within a certain depth indicates a better fit, or in other words, a "smoother" or "better fitting effect."

[0092] Furthermore, in a DPM-derived depth-time curve, there may be a thinner section between two sections with different slopes, where the slope is abnormally large or even infinite. This section can be considered a weak zone. Therefore, the present invention continuously surveys the formation to obtain continuous formation information, enabling the identification of thinner weak zones.

[0093] Step 500: Determine the drilling depth interval between two adjacent turning points and the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval based on the drilling speed turning points, and complete the stratification and automatic cataloging of the rock and soil mass;

[0094] In the present invention, the drilling depth interval is determined according to the turning point of the drilling speed. The depth point corresponding to the turning point on the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is the segmentation point of the drilling depth interval, and the depth between two adjacent segmentation points is the desired drilling depth interval.

[0095] In the present invention, the method for determining the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval is as follows:

[0096] If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is smooth, the drilling speed is constant. Then the depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is the drilling speed. The point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point. The depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is determined using formulas (1) and (2):

[0097] H(t+Δt)=kΔt+H(t) (1)

[0098]

[0099] Where H represents the drilling depth corresponding to time t, and k is the slope of a certain straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, that is, the drilling speed on the straight line segment;

[0100] If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is not smooth, each point in the drilling depth interval is linearly fitted to obtain the drilling speed; specifically, the drilling depth H is controlled by a set of data.j and the corresponding pure drilling time t j The relationship between, where subscript j = l, l + 1, ..., L (1 ≤ l <L≤N),N为钻孔完成时最后一次采样的时间;当H j With t j When there is a linear relationship, the fitting straight line equation is described by formula (3):

[0101] H(t)=kt+b (3)

[0102] Where k is the slope of the fitted straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, and b is a constant coefficient;

[0103] The coefficients k and b are determined by formula (4) and formula (5) respectively:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] in, The coefficient k is the time interval from t1 to t l The drilling speed in the interval.

[0107] Preferably, through the least square method, the above coefficients k and b can minimize the square of the total difference in formula (6):

[0108]

[0109] The curve is fitted to the optimal value of the linear interval by the minimum value of formula (6), which plays a role in strengthening the verification of the parameters k and b results.

[0110] Preferably, the goodness of fit between the above-mentioned fitted straight line equation and the original data is given by formula (7):

[0111]

[0112] Among them, RSS refers to the residual sum of squares, TSS refers to the total sum of squares; regression index R 2 The closer it is to 1, the better the linear correlation of drilling speed.

[0113] The drilling speed of the boreholes is stratified according to the classical least square method. Figure 6 is the linear regression result of some partitions (partition 1, partition 12, partition 22, partition 33) of the borehole, Figure 6 The linear fitting formula, partition drilling speed and regression index R are given in 2 The value of . By calculating the fitting formula for each partition, the slope k, constant coefficient b and regression index R can be obtained. 2The slope k represents the drilling speed of each partition. The difference in the correlation coefficient of each partition can meet the maximum critical value of 0.01 greater than the correlation coefficient R of the two partition data before and after the control.

[0114] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the borehole can be divided into 33 drilling depth intervals. That is, based on the drilling speed turning points, the 33 drilling depth intervals and the corresponding drilling speeds of the 33 sub-areas are determined. Each sub-area shows the drilling depth interval and the corresponding drilling speed.

[0115] For comparison, the manual hierarchical cataloging is compared with the automatic hierarchical cataloging of the present invention. The results are shown in Tables 3 and Figure 8 .

[0116] Table 3 Comparison of interface depth and partitioning between automatic hierarchical cataloging and manual cataloging

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Manual logging is to identify lithology and stratify it, so for manual logging, the logged strata do not necessarily have a constant drilling speed (slope). Figure 8 The manual logging in the 41.88-69.00m was identified as a stratum with the same lithology, but Figure 8 The right half of the image shows multiple formations with different drilling rates identified by DPM (automatic logging, a system that enables rapid, automatic, real-time, and efficient logging of boreholes). When using automatic logging, the drilling rate for each zone is constant. Each constant drilling rate segment represents a uniformly drilled rock mass or rock mass, indicating consistent engineering quality within the same zone. When grouping rock masses based on engineering quality, automatic logging can also be used to correct interface depths where the interface depths obtained using the two logging methods are similar.

[0120] The points in the interface depth ranges obtained by the automatic and manual catalogs of the present invention that are relatively close are divided according to the drilling depth. For example, within the manually cataloged range of 2.00m-10.20m, the interface depth value obtained by the automatic catalog is closest to the range of 2.840m-10.330m. Then, a comparison is made between these two corresponding ranges, mainly including a comparison of the number of partitions and the interface depth values ​​of the two within the depth range. The results are shown in Table 3, which shows the interface depth and the number of each interface partition obtained by the manual catalog, as well as the interface depth and the number of interface partitions obtained by the DPM catalog. In Table 3, u i and v i Represent the interface depth values ​​obtained by manual cataloging and automatic cataloging respectively, and the formula (u i -vi ) / u i The change rate of the interface depth values ​​of the two interfaces is obtained by multiplying the values ​​by 100%. It can be seen that the change rate of the interface depth values ​​of the two interfaces is not much different, ranging from -1.27% to 4.29%. Among them, the interface depth change rate in six depth ranges of 0.00m-10.20m, 26.18m-35.58m, 69.00m-70.17m, 70.17m-83.22m, 96.22m-96.53m, and 96.53m-100.43m is negative, varying between -1.27% and -0.04%; the interface depth change rate in seven ranges of 10.20m-16.10m, 16.10m-26.18m, 35.58m-41.88m, 41.88m-69.00m, 83.22m-86.93m, 86.93m-96.22m, and 100.43m-102.27m is positive, varying between 0.12% and 4.29%. Within the depth range of feldspathic sandstone, argillaceous siltstone, and thin-bedded mudstone, the absolute value of the interface depth change rate is minimal, at 0.04%. This demonstrates that automatic logging (DPM logging) provides a high degree of accuracy in stratum zoning. In lithologic stratification obtained through manual logging, different constant drilling rates are likely to occur across different lithologic intervals. When the difference in the interface depth change rate between the two logging methods is not significant, a longitudinal comparison of the results from the two logging methods along the depth dimension is reasonable, further demonstrating the advantages of automatic logging in distinguishing the engineering rock mass quality of the borehole.

[0121] In addition, there is a difference in the number of partitions between the automatic and manual partitions (as shown in Table 3). Manual partitioning obtained 21 layers by identifying lithology, while DPM partitioning obtained 33 layers by identifying the segmented slope of the drilling depth-time curve. In the six depth ranges of 0.00m-10.20m, 35.58m-41.88m, 69.00m-70.17m, 83.22m-86.93m, 96.22m-96.53m, and 100.43m-102.27m, the number of interface partitions obtained by manual and automatic partitioning is the same, indicating that the core lithology and rock mass engineering quality are the same within these four depth ranges; in the depth ranges of 10.20m-16.10m, 26.18m-35.58m, 41.88m-69. In the five depth ranges of 100m, 70.17m-83.22m, and 86.93m-96.22m, the number of interface partitions obtained by manual cataloging is less than that obtained by automatic cataloging, indicating that the lithology of a certain section of core in these five depth ranges is the same but the rock mass engineering quality is different; in the two depth ranges of 16.10m-26.18m and 96.53m-100.43m, the number of interface partitions obtained by manual cataloging is more than that obtained by automatic cataloging, indicating that the rock mass engineering quality is the same but the rock lithology is different in these two depth ranges.

[0122] As can be seen, even for rock masses of the same lithology, their engineering properties may vary, resulting in multiple automatically cataloged drilling rate strata. This is likely due to differences in the rock mass's internal structural composition and the unknown geological environment, which lead to varying engineering properties. Similarly, even if two or more different rock formations are manually cataloged, if their drilling rates are the same, they can be considered the same in terms of engineering properties. Engineering geological rock formations are an important task and topic in the study of rock mass engineering geomechanics. Accurately classifying engineering rock formations facilitates the evaluation, analysis, and understanding of underground rock masses. Therefore, automatic cataloging can be used to quickly and effectively classify engineering geological rock formations.

[0123] Furthermore, the present invention can also transmit the data obtained by monitoring in step 200 to the cloud platform by remote wireless means, and through the compilation of software to analyze the real-time monitoring data, quickly find the turning point of the drilling speed, determine the drilling speed of the partition and its corresponding drilling depth range, and complete the stratification and cataloging of the rock and soil body.

[0124] Step 600, by analyzing the data of the auxiliary process of the above step 200, the status of the drilling rig during the entire drilling process, such as empty drilling, rod changing and shutdown, can be obtained, which can effectively monitor the drilling process, eliminate possible data falsification problems, and ensure that the drilling operation is true and accurate.

[0125] Further, the drilling process supervision can be realized by transmitting the data monitored in step 200 to the cloud platform in a remote wireless manner, and monitoring in the monitoring room.

[0126] It is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned preferred schemes can be combined and superimposed freely without conflict.

[0127] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, although the exemplary embodiments of the present application have been fully described and illustrated herein, many other variations or modifications can be determined or deduced directly from the disclosure of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the present application should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A method for automatic layered cataloging of rock and soil drilling and monitoring of the drilling process, characterized in that: include: Step 100: Install or embed a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a data acquisition device on a drilling rig, determine the acquisition interval of each sensor, and start drilling with the drilling rig; Step 200: Each sensor monitors and records the drill bit displacement, drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure, drill rod speed, and drilling time, and divides the auxiliary process into the pure drilling process; Step 300: The data collected during the pure drilling process are spliced ​​and sorted in chronological order, a drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is drawn, and the collection interval is reset; Step 400, identifying a drilling speed turning point on a drilling depth-time curve of a pure drilling process; Step 500: Determine the drilling depth interval between two adjacent turning points and the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval based on the drilling speed turning points, and complete the automatic layered cataloging of the rock and soil mass; Step 600: Analyze the data collected in the auxiliary process to eliminate possible data falsification problems, ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the drilling operation, and complete the drilling process supervision of the rock and soil body; wherein there is no order between step 300 and step 600; and The method for identifying the turning point of the drilling speed in step 400 is as follows: If the drilling depth-time curve is smooth, the depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is the drilling speed, and the point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point; If the drilling depth-time curve is not smooth, at this time, the number of data obtained after expanding the acquisition interval time in step 300 by n times is counted as s, and m data are selected for fitting calculation of the correlation coefficient, where m < s. That is, calculate the correlation coefficient from the 1st point to the mth point as R1, the correlation coefficient from the 2nd point to the m+1th point as R2, the correlation coefficient from the 3rd point to the m+2th point as R3,......, until the coefficient from the s-m+1th point to the sth point is R s-m+1 ; Calculate the difference between the two consecutive correlation coefficients R j and R j+1 , where j ≤ s-m. If it is greater than a certain value α, where α is the maximum critical value for controlling the change of the correlation coefficients R j and R j+1 , then the last point of the latter group of R j+1 is the turning point, that is, the j+mth point is the turning point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 100, the acquisition interval of each sensor is determined according to the hardness of the formation.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The acquisition interval is 1 second.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 200, the auxiliary process and the pure drilling process are divided according to the difference in drill bit displacement between two sampling interval time points, the magnitude of the drilling rig hydraulic oil pressure value, and whether the drill rod speed is greater than 0.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 300, resetting the acquisition interval is to expand the acquisition interval in step 100 by n times, where n is determined according to the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process, as well as the formation hardness, formation continuity and minimum layer thickness.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The n is 50-150.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The α is determined according to the smoothness of the drilling depth-time curve and the requirements for the degree of zoning.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The α is set to be 0.005-0.

05.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 500, the drilling depth interval is determined based on the turning point. The depth point corresponding to the turning point on the drilling depth-time curve of the pure drilling process is the segmentation point of the drilling depth interval, and the depth between two adjacent segmentation points is the drilling depth interval.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 500, the method for determining the drilling speed corresponding to the drilling depth interval is as follows: If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is smooth, the drilling speed is constant. Then the depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is the drilling speed. The point where the drilling speed suddenly changes is the turning point. The depth difference between each two points divided by the sampling interval is determined using formulas (1) and (2): H(t+△t)=k△t+H(t) (1) Where H(t) represents the drilling depth corresponding to time t, and k is the slope of a straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, that is, the drilling speed on the straight line segment; If the drilling depth-time curve in step 400 is not smooth, perform linear fitting on each point in the drilling depth interval to obtain the drilling speed; specifically, control the drilling depth H through a set of data j and the corresponding pure drilling time t j The relationship between them, where the subscript j = l, l + 1,..., L, where 1 ≤ l < L ≤ N, L is the sampling time series, 1 is the initial time, and N is the time of the last sampling when the drilling is completed; when H j and t j When there is a linear relationship, the fitting straight-line equation is described by formula (3): H(t)=kt+b (3) Where k is the slope of the fitted straight line segment on the drilling depth-time curve, and b is a constant coefficient; The coefficients k and b are determined by formula (4) and formula (5) respectively: in, The coefficient k is the time interval from t1 to t l The drilling speed in the interval.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that By using the least squares method, the above coefficients k and b minimize the square of the total difference in formula (6): The goodness of fit between the above fitting straight line equation and the original data is given by formula (7): Among them, RSS refers to the residual sum of squares, TSS refers to the total sum of squares; regression index R 2 The closer it is to 1, the better the linear correlation of drilling speed.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 500, the rock and soil body is divided into layers according to the drilling speed value, and the layers are recorded to complete the automatic cataloging of the rock and soil body boreholes.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein The data obtained by monitoring in step 200 is transmitted to the cloud platform by remote wireless means. By compiling software to analyze the monitoring data, the turning point of the drilling speed is quickly found, and the drilling depth range and the corresponding drilling speed are determined.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 600, the status of the drilling rig during the entire drilling process, including empty drilling, rod changing, and shutdown, is obtained.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein The drilling process is monitored by transmitting the data obtained in step 200 to the cloud platform by remote wireless means and monitoring the data in the monitoring room at all times.

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