A molten salt reactor system and method for coupling power generation, energy storage, and heat supply

Abstract

This invention discloses a coupled operation system and method for molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage, and heating, including a reactor primary loop, a molten salt secondary loop, a high- and low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, a molten salt reactor power generation loop, and a heating loop. The reactor primary loop is connected to the molten salt secondary loop, and the molten salt secondary loop is connected to the high- and low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop, and the heating loop. This system and method can realize the coupled operation of molten salt reactor heating and power generation, achieving energy cascade utilization, while ensuring the stability of system operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear power technology and relates to a molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating coupled operation system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Molten salt reactors are a type of nuclear fission reactor and the only liquid-fuel reactor among advanced fourth-generation reactors. Their main characteristic is the use of a molten mixed salt as both the nuclear fuel carrier and the reactor coolant. Compared to light water reactors and gas-cooled reactors, which use water and helium as coolants, molten salt reactors offer advantages such as higher heat capacity, better heat transfer performance, higher operating temperatures, and lower system pressures. This allows the reactor to operate at high temperature and atmospheric pressure, achieving both higher energy conversion efficiency and enhanced safety.

[0003] Currently, molten salt reactors utilize waterless cooling technology, requiring only a small amount of water to operate and enabling efficient power generation in arid regions. A 2MWt thorium-based molten salt experimental reactor is under construction in Gansu, Northwest my country. However, this experimental reactor is not yet capable of forming a large-scale demonstration project for the comprehensive utilization of molten salt reactors. To fully utilize the high-temperature process heat of molten salt reactors and provide technical support for subsequent large-scale commercial demonstration projects, it is necessary to construct a coupled operation system for molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage, and heat supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a coupled operation system and method for molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating. This system and method can realize the coupled operation of molten salt reactor heating and power generation, realize energy cascade utilization, and at the same time ensure the stability of system operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating coupled operation system of the present invention includes a reactor primary loop, a molten salt secondary loop, a high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, a molten salt reactor power generation loop and a heating loop, wherein the reactor primary loop is connected to the molten salt secondary loop, and the molten salt secondary loop is connected to the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop and the heating loop.

[0006] The reactor primary loop includes a reactor, an intermediate heat exchanger, and a primary loop molten salt pump.

[0007] The reactor outlet is connected to the shell-side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the shell-side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary loop molten salt pump, the outlet of the primary loop molten salt pump is connected to the reactor inlet, and the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the secondary loop of the molten salt reactor.

[0008] The molten salt stack secondary loop includes a secondary molten salt pump, a steam generator, a second regulating valve, a cryogenic molten salt storage tank, and a first regulating valve;

[0009] The outlet of the secondary molten salt pump is connected to the tube-side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger. The first tube-side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam generator. The shell-side outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the second regulating valve. The outlet of the second regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic molten salt storage tank. The first outlet of the cryogenic molten salt storage tank is connected to the inlet of the first regulating valve. The outlet of the first regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the secondary molten salt pump. The tube side of the steam generator is connected to the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuits and the molten salt reactor power generation circuit.

[0010] The high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit includes a third regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve, a high temperature molten salt storage tank, and a fifth regulating valve;

[0011] The second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank is connected to the inlet pipe of the primary molten salt pump through the third regulating valve; the second outlet on the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank through the fourth regulating valve, and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam generator through the fifth regulating valve.

[0012] The molten salt reactor power generation circuit includes a feedwater pump, a high-pressure heater, a steam turbine intermediate and high-pressure cylinder, a steam-water separator reheater, a sixth regulating valve, a seventh regulating valve, a low-pressure heater, a low-pressure cylinder, a condenser, a generator, an eighth regulating valve, a secondary heat exchanger, a ninth regulating valve, a primary heat exchanger, and a tenth regulating valve.

[0013] The outlet of the feedwater pump is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure heater; the outlet of the high-pressure heater is connected to the tube-side inlet of the steam generator; the tube-side outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder of the turbine; the first extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder of the turbine is connected to the tube-side inlet of the steam-water separator reheater; the second extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder of the turbine is connected to the steam-side inlet of the high-pressure heater through the sixth regulating valve; the third extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder of the turbine is connected to the steam-side inlet of the low-pressure heater through the seventh regulating valve; the exhaust port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder of the turbine is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam-water separator reheater; the shell-side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder; the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder is connected to the first shell-side inlet of the condenser; the intermediate and high-pressure cylinders and the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine are connected to the generator; the shell-side outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure heater; and the outlet of the low-pressure heater is connected to the inlet of the feedwater pump.

[0014] The tube-side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the shell-side inlet of the secondary heat exchanger via the eighth regulating valve, and the other path is connected to the outlet of the sixth regulating valve via the ninth regulating valve. The shell-side outlet of the secondary heat exchanger is also divided into two paths. One path is connected to the shell-side inlet of the primary heat exchanger, and the other path is connected to the steam-side inlet of the low-pressure heater via the tenth regulating valve. The shell-side outlet of the primary heat exchanger is connected to the second shell-side inlet of the condenser. The heating circuit is connected to the tube side of the condenser, the tube side of the primary heat exchanger, and the tube side of the secondary heat exchanger.

[0015] The high-pressure, intermediate-pressure, and low-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine are arranged coaxially with the generator.

[0016] The heating circuit includes the primary heating station and the heating delivery pump;

[0017] The outlet of the primary heating station is connected to the inlet of the heating delivery pump. The outlet of the heating delivery pump is connected to the tube-side inlet of the condenser. The tube-side outlet of the condenser is connected to the tube-side inlet of the primary heating network heat exchanger. The tube-side outlet of the primary heating network heat exchanger is connected to the tube-side inlet of the secondary heating network heat exchanger. The tube-side outlet of the secondary heating network heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary heating station.

[0018] The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating coupled operation system of the present invention includes a coupled operation mode of unit power generation, energy storage and heating, an operation mode with unit power generation as the main mode, an operation mode with unit heating as the main mode, and a stable operation mode under variable operating conditions.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage, and heating coupled operation system and method described in this invention connects the reactor primary loop to the molten salt reactor secondary loop. The molten salt reactor secondary loop is connected to the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop, and the heating loop. By organically combining the molten salt reactor secondary loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop, the heating loop, and the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, it is possible to switch between two operating modes, namely power generation or heating, according to the user needs at different times. It can meet the principle of priority utilization of energy in the main circulation loop, and at the same time, the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop ensures the safety and stability of the unit during variable operating conditions, while realizing the gradient comprehensive utilization of energy.

[0021] Furthermore, during variable operating conditions of the unit, as the generator load changes, the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loops can be used to regulate the reactor's thermal load and the secondary loop's feedwater temperature, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the unit.

[0022] Furthermore, by fully utilizing the waste heat from the condenser exhaust steam by absorbing low-temperature molten salt, compared with the conventional method of using circulating water to cool the condenser exhaust steam in power plants, the loss of cold source is reduced. At the same time, the condensate generated after heat exchange is used as feedwater, realizing the gradient comprehensive utilization of energy. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Among them, 1 is the reactor, 2 is the intermediate heat exchanger, 3 is the primary loop molten salt pump, 4 is the secondary loop molten salt pump, 5 is the steam generator, 6 is the low-temperature molten salt storage tank, 7 is the high-temperature molten salt storage tank, 8 is the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, 9 is the steam-water separator reheater, 10 is the low-pressure cylinder, 11 is the generator, 12 is the condenser, 13 is the low-pressure heater, 14 is the feedwater pump, 15 is the high-pressure heater, 16 is the primary heating station, 17 is the heating transfer pump, 18 is the primary heating network heat exchanger, 19 is the secondary heating network heat exchanger, 20 is the first regulating valve, 21 is the second regulating valve, 22 is the third regulating valve, 23 is the fourth regulating valve, 24 is the fifth regulating valve, 25 is the sixth regulating valve, 26 is the seventh regulating valve, 27 is the eighth regulating valve, 28 is the ninth regulating valve, and 29 is the tenth regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the concepts disclosed in the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The accompanying drawings show structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not drawn to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0027] refer to Figure 1The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating coupled operation system of the present invention includes a reactor primary loop, a molten salt reactor secondary loop, a high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, a molten salt reactor power generation loop and a heating loop, wherein the reactor primary loop is connected to the molten salt reactor secondary loop, and the molten salt reactor secondary loop is connected to the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop and the heating loop;

[0028] The outlet of reactor 1 is connected to the shell-side inlet of intermediate heat exchanger 2, the shell-side outlet of intermediate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of primary loop molten salt pump 3, and the outlet of primary loop molten salt pump 3 is connected to the inlet of reactor 1 to form the primary loop of molten salt reactor.

[0029] The outlet of the secondary molten salt pump 4 is connected to the tube-side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2. The first tube-side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam generator 5. The shell-side outlet of the steam generator 5 is connected to the inlet of the second regulating valve 21. The outlet of the second regulating valve 21 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6. The first outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is connected to the inlet of the first regulating valve 20. The outlet of the first regulating valve 20 is connected to the inlet of the secondary molten salt pump 4, thus forming the secondary loop of the molten salt stack.

[0030] The second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is connected to the inlet pipe of the primary molten salt pump 3 through the third regulating valve 22; the second outlet on the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 through the fourth regulating valve 23; and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam generator 5 through the fifth regulating valve 24, so as to form a high- and low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop.

[0031] The outlet of the feedwater pump 14 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure heater 15. The outlet of the high-pressure heater 15 is connected to the pipe-side inlet of the steam generator 5. The pipe-side outlet of the steam generator 5 is connected to the inlet of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine. The first-stage extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine is connected to the pipe-side inlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9. The second-stage extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine is connected to the steam-side inlet of the high-pressure heater 15 through the sixth regulating valve 25. The third-stage extraction port of the intermediate and high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine is connected to the seventh regulating valve 26. The steam turbine's high-pressure cylinder 8 is connected to the steam-side inlet of the low-pressure heater 13, the exhaust port of the turbine's intermediate-pressure cylinder 8 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9, the shell-side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder 10, the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 10 is connected to the first shell-side inlet of the condenser 12, and the low-pressure cylinder 10 is connected to the generator 11; the shell-side outlet of the condenser 12 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure heater 13, and the outlet of the low-pressure heater 13 is connected to the inlet of the feedwater pump 14, thus forming a molten salt reactor power generation circuit.

[0032] The tube-side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the inlet of the eighth regulating valve 27, and the outlet of the eighth regulating valve 27 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the secondary heat exchanger 19. The other path is connected to the inlet of the ninth regulating valve 28, and the outlet of the ninth regulating valve 28 is connected to the outlet of the sixth regulating valve 25. The shell-side outlet of the secondary heat exchanger 19 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the shell-side inlet of the primary heat exchanger 18, and the other path is connected to the steam-side inlet of the low-pressure heater 13 through the tenth regulating valve 29. The shell-side outlet of the primary heat exchanger 18 is connected to the shell-side second inlet of the condenser 12.

[0033] The heating circuit includes a primary heating station 16, a heating delivery pump 17, a primary heating network heat exchanger 18, and a secondary heating network heat exchanger 19. The outlet of the primary heating station 16 is connected to the inlet of the heating delivery pump 17. The outlet of the heating delivery pump 17 is connected to the tube-side inlet of the condenser 12. The tube-side outlet of the condenser 12 is connected to the tube-side inlet of the primary heating network heat exchanger 18. The tube-side outlet of the primary heating network heat exchanger 18 is connected to the tube-side inlet of the secondary heating network heat exchanger 19. The tube-side outlet of the secondary heating network heat exchanger 19 is connected to the inlet of the primary heating station 16.

[0034] The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heating coupled operation method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0035] 1) Coupling operation mode of unit power generation, energy storage and heat supply

[0036] The primary loop molten salt pump 3 delivers primary loop molten salt into reactor 1 to absorb the heat generated by the reactor core, then enters the shell side of intermediate heat exchanger 2 to release heat, and then enters reactor 1 again to absorb heat, thus forming a circulating loop of reactor 1.

[0037] Molten salt in low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is transported to the tube side of intermediate heat exchanger 2 via secondary loop molten salt pump 4. After absorbing heat from the circulating loop of reactor 1, it becomes high-temperature molten salt. The high-temperature molten salt is divided into two paths, one of which enters steam generator 5 for further heat exchange, and the other is stored in high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7.

[0038] The flow rate of low-temperature molten salt at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is adjusted by the first regulating valve 20 and the second-loop molten salt pump 4 to match the heat exchange capacity of the intermediate heat exchanger 2; the flow rate of high-temperature molten salt entering the shell side of the steam generator 5 is adjusted by the fourth regulating valve 23 to match the heat exchange capacity of the steam generator 5. Under the premise of satisfying the heat exchange capacity of the steam generator 5, the remaining heat is stored in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7. The molten salt output from the shell side outlet of the steam generator 5 is returned to the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 through the second regulating valve 21. During this process, the third regulating valve 22 and the fifth regulating valve 24 are in the closed state.

[0039] Steam output from the pipe-side outlet of steam generator 5 enters the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine to perform work. The exhaust steam from the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinder 8 enters the steam-water separator reheater 9. A section of extracted steam from the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinder 8 is fed into the steam-water separator reheater 9 to heat the exhaust steam to superheated steam, which is then fed into the low-pressure cylinder 10 to perform work and drive generator 11 to generate electricity. The exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder 10 enters the condenser 12 for condensation, is then heated by the low-pressure heater 13, and finally pumped out by the feedwater pump 14. After being heated in the high-pressure heater 15, the steam enters the tube side of the steam generator 5 to absorb the heat of the high-temperature molten salt and generate steam, forming a secondary feedwater circulation and a power generation circuit. During this process, the sixth regulating valve 25 and the seventh regulating valve 26 are in the open state, and the ninth regulating valve 28 and the tenth regulating valve 29 are in the closed state. The heating steam source of the high-pressure heater 15 comes from the second stage extraction steam of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, and the heating steam source of the low-pressure heater 13 comes from the third stage extraction steam of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine.

[0040] While meeting the power generation needs of generator 11, the heating steam flow rate at the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is automatically adjusted by the eighth regulating valve 27. The cold end return water of the heating network output from the first heating station 16 is transported to the condenser 12 via the heating transfer pump 17 to absorb the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder 10. The heating transfer pump 17 operates by frequency conversion to adjust the feed water flow rate of the heating network to match the total heat exchange of the heating circuit. After primary heating, the feed water of the heating network enters the tube side of the first-stage heating network heat exchanger 18 to absorb the heat from the shell side, and then absorbs the steam heat output from the steam-water separator reheater 9 in the tube side of the second-stage heating network heat exchanger 19. The hot end supply water of the heating network is transported to the first heating station 16 and becomes cold end return water after heat exchange to form a heating circuit. In the primary heating, the energy comes from the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder 10, and the heat in the shell side of the first-stage heating network heat exchanger 18 comes from the heating steam after heat exchange in the shell side of the second-stage heating network heat exchanger 19, realizing the gradient utilization of energy.

[0041] 2) Operating mode primarily based on unit power generation

[0042] Reactor 1 operates at full power. By adjusting the opening of the first regulating valve 20 and the operating frequency of the secondary loop molten salt pump 4, the flow rate of the low-temperature molten salt at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is matched with the maximum heat exchange of the intermediate heat exchanger 2. By adjusting the opening of the fourth regulating valve 23, the flow rate of the high-temperature molten salt is matched with the maximum heat exchange of the steam generator 5.

[0043] By adjusting the opening of the eighth regulating valve 27, after the generator 11 reaches its maximum output power, the steam heat at the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is distributed. Then, the heating supply pump 17, operating by frequency converter, adjusts the feedwater flow of the heating network to match the total heat exchange of the heating circuit and obtain the optimal heating output. During this process, the second regulating valve 21 is fully open, the third regulating valve 22 is fully closed, the fifth regulating valve 24 is fully closed, the sixth regulating valve 25 is fully open, the seventh regulating valve 26 is fully open, the ninth regulating valve 28 is fully closed, and the tenth regulating valve 29 is fully closed.

[0044] 3) Operating mode primarily based on unit heating supply

[0045] Reactor 1 operates at full power. By adjusting the opening of the first regulating valve 20 and the operating frequency of the secondary loop molten salt pump 4, the flow rate of the low-temperature molten salt at the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is matched with the maximum heat exchange of the intermediate heat exchanger 2. By adjusting the opening of the fourth regulating valve 23, the flow rate of the high-temperature molten salt is matched with the maximum heat exchange of the steam generator 5.

[0046] While meeting the minimum electrical load of generator 11, the opening of the eighth regulating valve 27 is adjusted to the maximum so that the heating steam flow for the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19 is maximized. Then, the heating delivery pump 17 is operated by frequency converter to regulate the flow of heating network water to match the total heat exchange of the heating circuit and obtain the maximum heating output.

[0047] 4) Stable operation mode of the unit under varying operating conditions

[0048] When the molten salt pressure of reactor 1 fluctuates, the third regulating valve 22 opens and automatically regulates the flow rate of cryogenic molten salt entering the primary loop of reactor 1 to stabilize the primary loop pressure of reactor 1 and ensure the safe and stable operation of the molten salt reactor.

[0049] When the unit starts up, sheds load, or experiences abnormal turbine operation, the sixth regulating valve 25 and the seventh regulating valve 26 are closed. The first and second stage extraction steam from the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinders 8 of the turbine are lost, and the low-pressure heater 13 and the high-pressure heater 15 lose their heating steam source. The fifth regulating valve 24 is opened and automatically regulated, using the secondary loop molten salt pump 4 to transport the high-temperature molten salt from the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 to the shell side of the steam generator 5 to supplement the heat exchange in the steam generator 5 to meet the power generation and heating needs. The ninth regulating valve 28 is opened and automatically regulated, using the steam output from the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 to heat the feedwater in the high-pressure heater 15. The eighth regulating valve 27 is opened and automatically regulated to maintain the heat exchange demand in the secondary heat exchanger 19. The tenth regulating valve 29 is opened and automatically regulated to use the residual heat after heat exchange in the secondary heat exchanger 19 to heat the feedwater in the low-pressure heater 13, avoiding excessive fluctuations in the feedwater temperature at the inlet of the steam generator 5 and abnormal unit shutdowns caused by unstable heat load of reactor 1.

[0050] By adjusting the opening of the eighth regulating valve 27, the steam heat at the tube-side outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9 is distributed, and then the heating delivery pump 17 is operated by frequency converter to adjust the flow rate of the heating network water supply to match the total heat exchange of the heating circuit and obtain the best heating output.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Taking a 250MW molten salt reactor as an example, the thermal power of reactor 1 is 557MW and the power of generator 11 is 250MW. The primary loop molten salt at 564℃ is delivered by the primary loop molten salt pump 3 into reactor 1 to absorb the heat generated by the core. The temperature of the primary loop molten salt rises to 704℃ and then enters the shell side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 to exchange heat with the secondary loop tube side molten salt. The temperature drops to 564℃ and then enters reactor 1 to absorb heat, so as to form the circulation loop of reactor 1.

[0053] The molten salt in the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6 is at a temperature of 454°C. It is transported to the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger 2 via the secondary loop molten salt pump 4. After absorbing heat from the circulating loop of reactor 1, it becomes high-temperature molten salt at 621°C. Part of it enters the steam generator 5 for further heat exchange, while the other part is stored in the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7. After the 621°C high-temperature molten salt releases heat in the shell side of the steam generator 5, its temperature drops to 454°C and then returns to the low-temperature molten salt storage tank 6, forming a molten salt energy storage and heat absorption and release loop.

[0054] Feedwater at 227°C, delivered by feedwater pump 14, is heated to 288°C by high-pressure heater 15. It then enters the shell side of steam generator 5 to absorb heat from the high-temperature molten salt in the secondary loop. After heating, the feedwater undergoes a phase change, generating steam at 538°C. This steam then passes through the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinders 8 and 10 of the turbine to perform work, driving generator 11 to generate electricity. The maximum power output is 250MW. The exhaust steam from the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinders 8 enters the steam-water separator reheater 9 for heat exchange with the first-stage extraction steam, generating reheat steam at 520°C. The exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder 10 enters the condenser 12 for condensation, with a condensate temperature of 45°C. This condensate is then heated to 180°C by low-pressure heater 13 and delivered by feedwater pump 14 to high-pressure heater 15, forming a secondary feedwater circulation loop and a power generation loop. The heating steam source for the high-pressure heater 15 comes from the second stage extraction steam of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, and the temperature of the second stage extraction steam is 350-400℃. The heating steam source for the low-pressure heater 13 comes from the third stage extraction steam of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine, and the temperature of the third stage extraction steam is 250-300℃.

[0055] The cold end feedwater temperature at the outlet of the primary heating station 16 is 40℃. It is pumped by the heating transfer pump 17 to the condenser 12 to absorb the heat from the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 108. The exhaust steam temperature is 60-90℃. After primary heating, the feedwater temperature rises to 60℃. It continues to enter the tube side of the primary heating network heat exchanger 18 to absorb heat, and the temperature rises to 80℃. Then it enters the secondary heating network heat exchanger 19 to absorb the heat from the reheat steam at the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9, and the temperature rises to above 110℃. It then enters the primary heating station 16 to provide a heat source. After heat exchange, it becomes the cold end return water, forming a heating loop.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the heat in the primary heat exchanger 18 comes from the waste heat after heat exchange in the secondary heat exchanger 19, and the primary heating heat of the feedwater in the heat network comes from the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder 10 of the steam turbine, thus realizing the cascade utilization of energy.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, when the molten salt pressure of reactor 1 fluctuates, the third regulating valve 22 opens and automatically adjusts the flow rate of cryogenic molten salt supplied to the primary loop of reactor 1 to stabilize the primary loop pressure of reactor 1 at 1.5 MPa, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the molten salt reactor.

[0058] When the unit starts up, sheds load, or the turbine is in abnormal operating condition, the sixth regulating valve 25 and the seventh regulating valve 26 are closed, and the extraction of steam from the first, second and third stages of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the turbine is lost. The steam-water separator reheater 9, the low-pressure heater 13 and the high-pressure heater 15 lose their heating steam source. The fifth regulating valve 24 is opened and its opening degree is adjusted. The high-temperature molten salt of the 621℃ high-temperature molten salt storage tank 7 is transported to the shell side of the steam generator 5 by the secondary loop molten salt pump 4 to supplement the heat exchange demand in the steam generator 5. The ninth regulating valve 28 is opened and automatically adjusted to heat the feedwater in the high-pressure heater 15 by the steam output from the outlet of the steam-water separator reheater 9. The eighth regulating valve 27 is opened and automatically adjusted to maintain the heat exchange demand in the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19. The tenth regulating valve 29 is opened and automatically adjusted to heat the feedwater in the low-pressure heater 13 by the waste heat after heat exchange in the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19. This avoids excessive fluctuations in the feedwater temperature at the inlet of the steam generator 5 and abnormal unit shutdowns caused by unstable heat load of the reactor 1.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A molten salt reactor system for power generation, energy storage and heat supply, characterized in that, The reactor one loop, the molten salt reactor two loop, the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop, the molten salt reactor power generation loop and the heat supply loop are connected in series. The reactor one loop comprises a reactor (1), an intermediate heat exchanger (2) and a one-loop molten salt pump (3). The outlet of the reactor (1) is connected with the shell side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2), the shell side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with the inlet of the one-loop molten salt pump (3), the outlet of the one-loop molten salt pump (3) is connected with the inlet of the reactor (1), and the tube side of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with the molten salt reactor two loop. The molten salt reactor two loop comprises a two-loop molten salt pump (4), a steam generator (5), a second regulating valve (21), a low temperature molten salt storage tank (6) and a first regulating valve (20). The outlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (4) is connected with the tube side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2), the tube side first outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with the shell side inlet of the steam generator (5), the shell side outlet of the steam generator (5) is connected with the inlet of the second regulating valve (21), the outlet of the second regulating valve (21) is connected with the inlet of the low temperature molten salt storage tank (6), the first outlet of the low temperature molten salt storage tank (6) is connected with the inlet of the first regulating valve (20), the outlet of the first regulating valve (20) is connected with the inlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (4), and the tube side of the steam generator (5) is connected with the high and low temperature molten salt energy storage and release loop and the molten salt reactor power generation loop. The molten salt reactor power generation loop comprises a feed water pump (14), a high pressure heater (15), a steam turbine high pressure cylinder (8), a steam-water separation reheater (9), a sixth regulating valve (25), a seventh regulating valve (26), a low pressure heater (13), a low pressure cylinder (10), a condenser (12), a generator (11), an eighth regulating valve (27), a two-stage heat network heat exchanger (19), a ninth regulating valve (28), a one-stage heat network heat exchanger (18) and a tenth regulating valve (29). The outlet of the feed water pump (14) is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure heater (15), the outlet of the high-pressure heater (15) is connected with the tube side inlet of the steam generator (5), the tube side outlet of the steam generator (5) is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine, the first extraction port of the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine is connected with the tube side inlet of the steam-water separation reheater (9), the second extraction port of the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine is connected with the steam side inlet of the high-pressure heater (15) through the sixth regulating valve (25), the third extraction port of the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine is connected with the steam side inlet of the low-pressure heater (13) through the seventh regulating valve (26), the exhaust port of the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine is connected with the shell side inlet of the steam-water separation reheater (9), the shell side outlet of the steam-water separation reheater (9) is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder (10), the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (10) is connected with the shell side first inlet of the condenser (12), the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine and the low-pressure cylinder (10) are connected with the generator (11), the shell side outlet of the condenser (12) is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure heater (13), the outlet of the low-pressure heater (13) is connected with the inlet of the feed water pump (14); The tube side outlet of the steam-water separation reheater (9) is divided into two routes, one of which is connected with the shell side inlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger (19) through the eighth regulating valve (27), the other of which is connected with the outlet of the sixth regulating valve (25) through the ninth regulating valve (28), the shell side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger (19) is divided into two routes, one of which is connected with the shell side inlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger (18), the other of which is connected with the steam side inlet of the low-pressure heater (13) through the tenth regulating valve (29), the shell side outlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger (18) is connected with the shell side second inlet of the condenser (12), the heat supply circuit is connected with the tube side of the condenser (12), the tube side of the primary heat network heat exchanger (18) and the tube side of the secondary heat network heat exchanger (19); The heat supply circuit comprises a heat supply first station (16) and a heat supply conveying pump (17); The outlet of the heat supply first station (16) is connected with the inlet of the heat supply conveying pump (17), the outlet of the heat supply conveying pump (17) is connected with the tube side inlet of the condenser (12), the tube side outlet of the condenser (12) is connected with the tube side inlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger (18), the tube side outlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger (18) is connected with the tube side inlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger (19), the tube side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger (19) is connected with the inlet of the heat supply first station (16).

2. The molten salt reactor system of claim 1, wherein, The high-temperature and low-temperature molten salt energy storage and release circuit comprises a third regulating valve (22), a fourth regulating valve (23), a high-temperature molten salt storage tank (7) and a fifth regulating valve (24). The second outlet of the low-temperature molten salt storage tank (6) is connected with the inlet pipeline of the loop molten salt pump (3) through a third regulating valve (22); the tube side second outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (2) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank (7) through a fourth regulating valve (23), and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt storage tank (7) is connected with the shell side inlet of the steam generator (5) through a fifth regulating valve (24).

3. The molten salt reactor system of claim 1, wherein, The high-pressure cylinder (8) and the low-pressure cylinder (10) of the steam turbine are coaxially arranged with the generator (11).

4. A molten salt reactor system for power generation, energy storage and heat supply, characterized in that, The molten salt reactor power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation system based on claim 1 comprises a unit power generation, energy storage and heat supply coupled operation mode, a unit power generation mode as the main operation mode, a unit heat supply mode as the main operation mode and a stable operation mode under a unit variable working condition.

Images