An underwater forest ecological restoration structure

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of river water body treatment facilities, and in particular relates to an underwater forest ecological restoration structure. The present invention makes the ecological restoration effect of the underwater forest more prominent, flexible, and comprehensive by arranging a lifting suspension box unit, a lifting frame unit, and a porous strip unit on the water-retaining wooden pile unit. The present invention has the following advantages: First, the water-retaining wooden pile unit is high on both sides and low in the middle, so that the cleaning boat can pass normally, ensuring that the overall sewage treatment effect of the river is more prominent and comprehensive; second, the underwater forest structure includes submerged plants, emergent plants, and microorganisms, so that many water purification effects such as reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water, increasing dissolved oxygen, absorbing heavy metals, and settling suspended pollutants can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of river water body treatment facilities, and in particular relates to an underwater forest ecological restoration structure. Background Art

[0002] An underwater forest is a biological facility used for river water management, primarily focused on submerged plants. Its general structure consists of a fixed frame, a planting frame, and the submerged plants. The fixed frame is inserted into the riverbed, and the planting frame is connected to the fixed frame. Silt or a mesh cover is then placed on the planting frame to ensure the submerged plants are firmly anchored and growing.

[0003] The main principles by which underwater forests can control river sewage and repair the river's ecological environment are: 1. The roots, stems and leaves of submerged plants can directly absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from the bottom mud and water, alleviating the degree of eutrophication of the water; 2. The allelopathic substances secreted by submerged plants have a significant inhibitory effect on algae; 3. Submerged plants can effectively increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water; 4. They promote the precipitation of biological and non-biological suspended matter in the water, effectively improving the transparency of the water.

[0004] A Chinese utility model patent with patent publication number CN210287085U and publication date 2020.04.10 discloses a river underwater forest system, which includes a planting board with multiple planting cavities provided on the planting board, submerged plants planted in the planting cavities, and a fixed cover provided on the top of the planting cavity, and the submerged plants are located in the fixed cover.

[0005] The general operating principle of the underwater forest system in this utility model patent is: the fixed rods and the planting boards together constitute the fixed frame of the underwater forest system, and the fixed cover can prevent the submerged plants on the fixed frame from being washed away by the water flow. Ultimately, the submerged plants can purify the water body in a long-term and stable manner.

[0006] However, when the underwater forest system is actually used in the river, there are at least three shortcomings.

[0007] First, in order to improve the water purification effect, the length direction of the underwater forest system is generally perpendicular to the direction of water flow. However, its fixing rod only considers the installation stability, and does not consider whether ships, especially cleaning boats, can pass normally above it. This is very fatal.

[0008] Second, the underwater forest system contains too few species of organisms, so the overall water purification effect is average.

[0009] Third, the installation height of the submerged plants cannot be adjusted. Therefore, when the water level rises, the light that the submerged plants can absorb becomes less. When the water level drops, the submerged plants are in the shallow layer where there are relatively fewer water pollutants. At this time, their water purification effect is greatly reduced.

[0010] So to sum up, there is an urgent need for a new underwater forest structure that has more outstanding water purification effects and is safer to be used to repair the polluted river ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The present invention provides an underwater forest ecological restoration structure, which can make the ecological restoration effect of the underwater forest more prominent, flexible and comprehensive by arranging a lifting suspension box unit, a lifting frame unit and a porous strip unit on a water-retaining wooden pile unit.

[0012] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: an underwater forest ecological restoration structure, including a water-retaining wooden pile unit with its lower end inserted into the riverbed and its middle part concave, a lifting suspended box unit arranged at a lower middle position on the back water surface of the water-retaining wooden pile unit and used for planting submerged plants, a lifting frame unit arranged at a position above the side on the back water surface of the water-retaining wooden pile unit and used for planting emergent plants, and a porous strip unit arranged at a lower side position on the back water surface of the water-retaining wooden pile unit and used for attaching microorganisms.

[0013] A further preferred technical solution is that the water retaining pile unit includes a transverse reinforcement column, which is arranged on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column and has a middle low-position pile above it for passing the ship, and two groups of side high-position piles arranged on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column.

[0014] A further preferred technical solution is that the water-retaining wooden pile unit also includes a side horizontal column arranged on the back water surface of the side high-position wooden pile, and with a height higher than the horizontal reinforcement column, and used to install the lifting frame unit; a mounting hole arranged on the horizontal reinforcement column and used to plug in and install the lifting suspension box unit; and a screw hole arranged on the side horizontal column and used to fix and install the lifting frame unit.

[0015] A further preferred technical solution is that the lifting suspended box unit includes an open-hole box body for filling silt and then rooting submerged plants, a net bag that is sleeved on the open-hole box body and used to fix the submerged plants, and a lifting column arranged on the net bag and plugged into the mounting hole.

[0016] A further preferred technical solution is that the lifting suspended box unit also includes a magnifying plate arranged on the upper end surface of the lifting column, an elastic ring arranged on the lower opening of the net bag and sleeved with the lifting column and used to engage with the lower surface of the magnifying plate, and an adjusting nut arranged on the lifting column and used to engage with the bottom of the transverse reinforcement column.

[0017] A further preferred technical solution is that the lifting frame unit includes an upwardly opening perforated frame, which is arranged on the outer side of the perforated frame and is used to engage with several pairs of protruding plates of the side transverse columns, a lower clay layer arranged in the perforated frame, and an upper planting soil layer arranged in the perforated frame and used to plant emergent plants.

[0018] A further preferred technical solution is that the lifting frame unit further includes a fastening bolt provided on the protruding plate and used for connecting to the screw hole.

[0019] A further preferred technical solution is that the lifting frame unit further includes a soil protection cloth arranged on the upper planting soil layer.

[0020] A further preferred technical solution is that: the lifting frame unit further includes a bottom porous filler layer arranged in the perforated frame.

[0021] A further preferred technical solution is that the porous strip unit includes an open ring that is engaged with the transverse reinforcement column, and a porous strip body that is arranged on the open ring and is used to attach microorganisms.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages.

[0023] First, the water-retaining pile units are high on both sides and low in the middle, allowing cleaning boats to pass normally, ensuring that the overall sewage treatment effect of the river is more prominent and comprehensive.

[0024] Second, the underwater forest structure includes submerged plants, emergent plants, and microorganisms, which can achieve many water purification effects such as reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water, increasing dissolved oxygen, absorbing heavy metals, and settling suspended pollutants.

[0025] Third, the installation heights of the lifting suspension box unit and the lifting frame unit are adjustable up and down, ensuring that submerged plants are in the lower middle layers of the water body where pollutants are more concentrated, and preventing emergent plants from being separated from the water body and drying up.

[0026] Fourth, the water-retaining wooden pile unit itself has high structural stability. As the front end of the underwater forest, it can effectively protect the rear end structure and prevent various plants and the underwater forest's own structure from being washed away or dispersed.

[0027] Fifth, the transverse reinforcement columns and side transverse columns are not only the reinforcement structure of the water-retaining wooden pile units, but also the installation sites for submerged plants, emergent plants and microorganisms, ultimately ensuring that the structure of the underwater forest is simpler, more compact and more stable.

[0028] Sixth, the height adjustment operations for both submerged and emergent plants are relatively simple and quick, and they are not prone to accidental rise or fall after adjustment.

[0029] Seventh, soil protection cloth can prevent a large amount of planting soil from being lost, while the porous filler layer can not only prevent a large amount of clay from being lost, but also physically absorb impurities in the water.

[0030] Eighth, the microorganisms have a larger attachment amount per unit area on the porous strip body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water retaining pile unit in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the side horizontal column in the present invention when viewed from a top angle.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the lifting suspension box unit in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the position structure of the porous strip unit in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the lifting frame unit in the present invention.

[0037] In the accompanying drawings, the meanings of the various numbers are as follows: riverbed a, submerged plants b, emergent plants c, microorganisms d, silt e, water level f, water retaining pile unit 1, lifting suspended box unit 2, lifting frame unit 3, porous strip unit 4.

[0038] Horizontal reinforcement column 101, middle low-position wooden pile 102, side high-position wooden pile 103, side horizontal column 104, mounting hole 105, screw hole 106, perforated box 201, net bag 202, lifting column 203, magnifying plate 204, elastic ring 205, adjusting nut 206, perforated frame 301, protruding plate 302, lower clay layer 303, upper planting soil layer 304, fastening bolt 305, soil protection cloth 306, bottom porous filler layer 307, open ring 401, porous strip body 402. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] As attached Figure 1-6 As shown, an underwater forest ecological restoration structure includes a water-retaining pile unit 1 with its lower end inserted into the riverbed a and its middle part concave, a lifting suspension box unit 2 arranged at a lower middle position on the back water surface of the water-retaining pile unit 1 and used for planting submerged plants b, a lifting frame unit 3 arranged at an upper side position on the back water surface of the water-retaining pile unit 1 and used for planting emergent plants c, and a porous strip unit 4 arranged at a lower side position on the back water surface of the water-retaining pile unit 1 and used for attaching microorganisms d.

[0041] In this embodiment, submerged plants (b) include Vallisneria, Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum, and Hydrilla. Emergent plants (c) include Cattail, Nelumbo nucifera, Water celery, Lotus, and Cattail. Microorganisms (d) primarily include various fungi, bacteria, and protozoa. Each of these three species has its own advantages in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus content, increasing dissolved oxygen, absorbing heavy metals, and intercepting suspended pollutants. Therefore, their combined use can maximize the water purification effectiveness of this underwater forest.

[0042] In addition, the lifting suspension box unit 2 and the lifting frame unit 3 can be raised and lowered appropriately so that the submerged plants b and the emergent plants c are at the optimal water body height, avoiding the submerged plants b being too shallow, otherwise their water purification effect will be greatly reduced, and avoiding the emergent plants c from leaving the water body, otherwise they may die directly.

[0043] Finally, there is the porous strip unit 4, which is similar in shape to water plants and can be shaken in the water body to ensure that the microorganisms d thereon can obtain and intercept more water pollutants and harmful elements.

[0044] The water retaining pile unit 1 includes a transverse reinforcement column 101, a middle low-position pile 102 provided on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column 101, and two groups of side high-position piles 103 provided on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column 101.

[0045] In this embodiment, the water level f is based on the average water level of the past three years, and the distance between the upper end of the middle low-position wooden pile 102 and the water level f is at least 60 cm, ensuring that the cleaning boat can pass over it. Without the cleaning boat, no matter how many underwater forests are installed in the river waters, the overall ecological restoration effect will be greatly reduced. For example, the submerged plants b and emergent plants c are difficult to regenerate, and the domestic waste trapped on the water-retaining wooden pile unit 1 is difficult to remove.

[0046] In addition, the role of the transverse reinforcement column 101 is to "combine" all the middle low-position wooden piles 102 and side high-position wooden piles 103 into a whole, thereby improving their overall ability to defend against water impact.

[0047] Finally, the upper end surface of the side elevated wooden pile 103 is about 10 cm higher than the average water level of the past three years, ensuring that the water level line passes approximately through the midpoint of the height of the emergent plant c itself.

[0048] The water-retaining wooden pile unit 1 also includes a side transverse column 104 arranged on the back surface of the side high-position wooden pile 103, which is higher than the transverse reinforcement column 101 and is used to install the lifting frame unit 3; a mounting hole 105 arranged on the transverse reinforcement column 101 and used to plug and install the lifting suspension box unit 2; and a screw hole 106 arranged on the side transverse column 104 and used to fix the lifting frame unit 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, the number of the side transverse columns 104 is 2, corresponding to the 2 lifting frame units 3, and there are multiple optional installation methods for the transverse reinforcement columns 101 and the side transverse columns 104, such as direct screw connection or bolt connection with the vertical wooden piles, or setting a transverse column on the water-facing surface of the wooden pile, and screwing and locking the two transverse columns to ensure that the transverse reinforcement columns 101 and the side transverse columns 104 are firmly installed and do not fall off.

[0050] The lifting suspended box unit 2 includes an open-hole box body 201 for filling silt e and thereby rooting submerged plants b, a net bag 202 that is sleeved on the open-hole box body 201 and used to fix the submerged plants b, and a lifting column 203 that is arranged on the net bag 202 and plugged into the mounting hole 105.

[0051] As we all know, submerged plants b can take root in silt, or they can directly degenerate their roots and drift with the river water. Therefore, silt e is also necessary for planting submerged plants b.

[0052] In addition, the structure of the perforated box 201 includes a box composed of 5 fixed plates and a cover plate that can be opened and closed for replenishing silt e. Both the fixed plates and the cover plate are provided with fine holes for passing submerged plants b.

[0053] In addition, the net bag 202 is formed by bending a common nylon rope net, and its function is to wrap the submerged plant b as much as possible to prevent it from being washed away by water. The lifting column 203 can be inserted into the mounting hole 105 at different depths, which is one of the methods for the submerged plant b to adjust its height.

[0054] It should be noted that: first, the water level f is different throughout the year, so the height of the submerged plant b needs to be adjusted frequently in principle, and its optimal depth below the water surface is 80-100 cm; second, the material of the perforated box 201 is a foamed resin with a relatively low density, which ensures that after it is combined with the silt e, the whole is still suspended.

[0055] The lifting suspension box unit 2 also includes an amplifying plate 204 arranged on the upper end surface of the lifting column 203, an elastic ring 205 arranged on the opening below the net bag 202 and sleeved with the lifting column 203 and used to engage with the lower surface of the amplifying plate 204, and an adjusting nut 206 arranged on the lifting column 203 and used to engage below the transverse reinforcement column 101.

[0056] In this embodiment, when in use, the elastic ring 205 needs to be expanded first until it passes over and covers the entire hole box 201, and then shrinks to perform a limiting upward snap-fit ​​effect on the lower surface of the magnifying plate 204 to ensure that the hole box 201 does not leave the transverse reinforcement column 101.

[0057] Furthermore, the adjusting nut 206, as well as the lifting column 203 and the amplifying plate 204, are all made of resin, not metal, to prevent them from rusting and getting stuck. Finally, multiple adjusting nuts 206 can be provided to ensure they are clamped together, preventing them from being easily pushed open or loosened on the transverse reinforcement column 101.

[0058] The lifting frame unit 3 includes an upwardly open perforated frame 301, a plurality of pairs of protruding plates 302 arranged on the outer side of the perforated frame 301 and used to engage the side transverse columns 104, a lower clay layer 303 arranged in the perforated frame 301, and an upper planting soil layer 304 arranged in the perforated frame 301 and used to plant emergent plants c.

[0059] In this embodiment, the structure of the perforated frame 301 is different from that of the perforated box 201, except that it lacks a cover plate. The openings are also relatively small to prevent the loss of clay and planting soil. Of course, the openings cannot be absent, otherwise water pollutants cannot be absorbed by the emergent plants C, and soil loss cannot be completely prevented. Therefore, the clay and planting soil need to be replenished regularly.

[0060] In this embodiment, the lower clay layer 303 has better integrity than the upper planting soil layer 304, and the former can reduce the loss rate of the latter. Finally, a circle of non-woven fabric can be placed inside the perforated frame 301 to further reduce the speed of soil loss.

[0061] The lifting frame unit 3 further includes a fastening bolt 305 provided on the protruding plate 302 and used for connecting to the screw hole 106 .

[0062] In this embodiment, when the perforated frame 301 is installed, two upper and lower rows of fastening bolts 305 are required, so the screw holes 106 are also provided on both the upper and lower sides of the side transverse column 104 .

[0063] In addition, there are four protruding plates 302 , so the emergent plants c have three different planting heights to choose from: upper, middle, and lower. The more protruding plates 302 there are, the wider the range of planting heights of the emergent plants c is.

[0064] The lifting frame unit 3 further includes a soil protection cloth 306 arranged on the upper planting soil layer 304 .

[0065] In this embodiment, the soil protection cloth 306 is also a non-woven fabric, in order to reduce the speed at which the upper planting soil layer 304 is washed away by the flowing water surface. Of course, a few more holes can also be cut on the non-woven fabric to ensure that the emergent plants C are successfully planted.

[0066] The lifting frame unit 3 further includes a bottom porous filler layer 307 disposed in the perforated frame 301 .

[0067] In this embodiment, the porous filler layer 307 uses materials such as activated carbon and porous ceramic particles, which can directly adsorb impurities in the water, and the porous filler itself will not flow out from the openings of the open frame 301, so that there is a "protective plate" under the lower clay layer 303 that prevents soil from being lost.

[0068] The porous strip unit 4 includes an open ring 401 that is engaged with the transverse reinforcement column 101 and a porous strip body 402 that is disposed on the open ring 401 and is used to attach microorganisms d.

[0069] In this embodiment, the material of the porous strip body 402 can be porous polyester material, and its detailed shape can be honeycomb, scale, and convex, ensuring that it has a large enough surface area after the holes are opened to absorb more microorganisms d.

[0070] In addition, the annular structure of the open ring 401 is larger than a semicircle, and it can be horizontally sleeved on the transverse reinforcement column 101, or the transverse reinforcement column 101 can be directly squeezed in for installation. The material of the open ring 401 is high-strength, medium-elastic rubber, which ensures that it is not easily washed away by water.

[0071] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. Various modifications are possible within the scope of knowledge possessed by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These modifications are non-inventive and are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater forest ecological restoration structure, characterized by: The invention comprises a water retaining pile unit (1) with its lower end inserted into the riverbed (a) and its middle part concave, a lifting type suspended box unit (2) arranged at a lower middle position on the back surface of the water retaining pile unit (1) and used for planting submerged plants (b), a lifting type frame unit (3) arranged at a position above the side of the back surface of the water retaining pile unit (1) and used for planting emergent plants (c), and a porous strip unit (4) arranged at a lower side of the back surface of the water retaining pile unit (1) and used for attaching microorganisms (d). The water-retaining pile unit (1) comprises a transverse reinforcement column (101) provided on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column (101), a middle low-position pile (102) above which is used for passing a vessel, and two groups of side high-position piles (103) provided on the water-facing surface of the transverse reinforcement column (101). The water-retaining pile unit (1) further includes a side transverse column (104) disposed on the back surface of the side high-position pile (103) and having a height higher than the transverse reinforcement column (101) and used for mounting the lifting frame unit (3); a mounting hole (105) disposed on the transverse reinforcement column (101) and used for plugging and mounting the lifting suspension box unit (2); and a screw hole (106) disposed on the side transverse column (104) and used for fixing and mounting the lifting frame unit (3). The lifting type suspension box unit (2) comprises an open-hole box body (201) for filling silt (e) and thereby rooting submerged plants (b), a net bag (202) which is sleeved on the open-hole box body (201) and used to fix the submerged plants (b), and a lifting column (203) which is arranged on the net bag (202) and plugged into the mounting hole (105). The lifting suspension box unit (2) further comprises an amplifying plate (204) arranged on the upper end surface of the lifting column (203), an elastic ring (205) arranged on the lower opening of the net bag (202), sleeved with the lifting column (203), and used for engaging with the lower surface of the amplifying plate (204), and an adjusting nut (206) arranged on the lifting column (203) and used for engaging with the lower side of the transverse reinforcement column (101).

2. The underwater forest ecological restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting frame unit (3) comprises an upwardly opening perforated frame (301), a plurality of pairs of protruding plates (302) arranged on the outer side of the perforated frame (301) and used for engaging the side transverse columns (104), a lower clay layer (303) arranged in the perforated frame (301), and an upper planting soil layer (304) arranged in the perforated frame (301) and used for planting emergent plants (c).

3. The underwater forest ecological restoration structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting frame unit (3) further includes a fastening bolt (305) provided on the protruding plate (302) and used for connecting to the screw hole (106).

4. The underwater forest ecological restoration structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting frame unit (3) further comprises a soil protection cloth (306) arranged on the upper planting soil layer (304).

5. The underwater forest ecological restoration structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting frame unit (3) further comprises a bottom porous filler layer (307) arranged in the perforated frame (301).

6. The underwater forest ecological restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous strip unit (4) comprises an open ring (401) that is engaged with the transverse reinforcement column (101), and a porous strip body (402) that is arranged on the open ring (401) and is used for attaching microorganisms (d).

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