An adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device and method based on friction nano-power generation technology

Abstract

An adaptive variable-damping wave energy power generation device and method based on triboelectric nanogenerator technology belongs to the field of wave energy power generation devices. The invention comprises a wave absorber, a hydraulic transmission device, a triboelectric nanogenerator, a fixing device, and a damping adaptive adjustment device. The wave absorber's oscillating float moves up and down with the waves. The hydraulic transmission device transmits hydraulic signals to a hydraulic motor via hydraulic piping and an accumulator, converting the relative reciprocating motion of the wave absorber and fixing device into rotational motion. The rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor drives the main shaft of the triboelectric nanogenerator to generate rotational triboelectric power. The damping adaptive adjustment device includes multiple sensors, a decision module, and a control module. By incorporating triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the invention designs a wave energy power generation device with adaptive variable damping, mitigating interference factors in various wave conditions and increasing the wave power generation operating range and power generation efficiency in low-frequency wave conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wave energy power generation devices, and in particular to an adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on friction nano power generation technology. Background Art

[0002] As global energy demand increases, wave energy has become a crucial component of renewable energy. While wave energy offers enormous potential for power generation, it also faces significant challenges. Therefore, accelerating the development of ocean wave energy resources is a necessary step for both national and societal needs.

[0003] The power generated by a wave power generation device is directly related to the incident wave frequency and the system's damping. The optimal damping for the system varies with the incident wave frequency. The randomness of wave height, wavelength, and frequency in the ocean results in unstable and discontinuous wave energy. Once manufactured, existing wave power generation devices have a fixed damping coefficient. This cannot always be optimally matched to the incident wave frequency, hindering further increases in power generation.

[0004] Currently, there are a large number of low-frequency wave motions in offshore environments, but most current wave energy generation devices are based on electromagnetic generators. These generators have a fixed operating state and are difficult to capture more low-frequency wave motion, resulting in a large amount of ocean wave energy being wasted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing wave energy power generation devices, such as the inability to always maintain the optimal matching state between the system damping and the incident wave frequency, the difficulty in capturing low-frequency wave motion, and the single working state. The present invention provides an adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on friction nano-power generation technology. By using a friction nano-generator and a hydraulic transmission device, the low-frequency capture capability of the wave energy power generation device and the adaptive multi-power generation state under different wave conditions can be enhanced while ensuring the reliability of the point absorption wave energy power generation device. A brief overview of the present invention is given below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the present invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key or important parts of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0007] An adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on friction nano-power generation technology, comprising a wave absorbing device, a hydraulic transmission device, a friction nano-generator, a fixing device and a damping adaptive adjustment device;

[0008] The wave absorbing device includes an oscillating float, a floating ring, and a shock absorbing and limiting device;

[0009] The hydraulic transmission device includes a hydraulic cylinder, an accumulator, an oil tank, a hydraulic motor, a valve group and a hydraulic pipeline installed in the oscillating float; the valve group includes a one-way valve and a relief valve located between each hydraulic element.

[0010] The triboelectric nanogenerator comprises a plurality of power generation units, a main shaft, an electromagnetic clutch and a waterproof housing;

[0011] The fixing device comprises an anchor disc, a connecting rod and an anchor chain.

[0012] The damping adaptive device includes multiple sensors, a decision module device and a control module device.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the shock-absorbing and limiting device includes a fixed disc, a shock-absorbing spring and a sliding disc, wherein the fixed disc is installed inside the cavity of the oscillating float, the upper end of the shock-absorbing spring is connected to the fixed disc, and the sliding disc is installed at the lower end of the shock-absorbing spring.

[0014] According to the above scheme, the power generation unit includes an upper friction medium and a lower friction medium, which are coaxially assembled. The upper friction medium is connected to the main shaft, and the lower friction medium is fixed in the power generation unit shell.

[0015] According to the above solution, the damping adaptive device also includes a variety of sensors, decision module devices and control module devices.

[0016] According to the above solution, the multiple sensors include oil flow sensors installed at the inlet and outlet ends of each hydraulic component to collect oil flow data.

[0017] According to the above solution, the multiple sensors include pipeline pressure sensors installed at the inlet and outlet ends of each hydraulic component, which are used to collect pressure data of the pipeline and the hydraulic component.

[0018] According to the above solution, the various sensors include current sensors and voltage sensors installed in each power generation unit to collect current and voltage data.

[0019] According to the above solution, the multiple sensors include a rotation speed sensor installed on the main shaft, which is used to collect the rotation speed data of the main shaft.

[0020] According to the above solution, the multiple sensors also include a wave sensor installed on the outside of the wave absorbing device, which is used to collect wavelength data of the incident waves.

[0021] According to the above solution, the decision module device is used to analyze the obtained sensor data to determine the current wave state and generator power generation, and adjust the generator working state according to the wave state;

[0022] According to the above solution, the control module device is used to control the working number of the power generation unit of the friction nanogenerator by controlling the switch of the electromagnetic clutch according to the adjustment plan.

[0023] According to the above solution, the electromagnetic clutch is installed on the main shaft between the two power generation units to control whether the power generation units are working.

[0024] The present invention also proposes a method for operating an adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on friction nano-power generation technology, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. First-level energy conversion: Energy is converted from wave energy to mechanical energy. The wave absorbing device converts the random motion of the waves into relative reciprocating motion between the wave absorbing device and the fixing device, and converts the wave energy on the sea surface into mechanical energy of the device.

[0026] S2. Second-level energy conversion: Energy is converted from mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. The hydraulic cylinder converts the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod into hydraulic motion in the hydraulic pipeline, and converts the mechanical energy of the hydraulic cylinder into hydraulic energy in the hydraulic pipeline.

[0027] S3. The third level of energy conversion: Energy is converted from hydraulic energy to electrical energy. The rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor is directly connected to the main shaft of the friction nanogenerator, and the hydraulic motion in the hydraulic transmission device drives the rotational motion of the friction nanogenerator, thereby converting the hydraulic energy of the hydraulic transmission device into electrical energy of the friction nanogenerator.

[0028] S4. After the decision module device collects data from sensors such as wave sensors, it compares the data information with the predetermined work indicator information in real time, and controls the electromagnetic clutch switch of the friction nanogenerator through the control module device, thereby controlling the number of working power generation units and realizing the adjustment of various power generation powers of the generator.

[0029] S5. After the decision module device collects the sensor data, when the data information is consistent with the set extreme weather warning information, the control module device controls the electromagnetic clutch between the friction nanogenerator and the hydraulic motor to realize the motor cut-out to prevent damage to the friction nanogenerator.

[0030] S6. After the decision module device collects the sensor data, when the data information matches the fault information, the control module device controls the disconnection of the electrical clutch in front of the damaged power generation unit and waits for manual maintenance.

[0031] S7. When manually repairing the friction nanogenerator, a single damaged friction nanogenerator unit is removed from the friction nanogenerator, and a friction nanogenerator unit in good condition can be installed immediately, and the damaged friction nanogenerator unit is brought back for later repair.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. Adaptive Variable Damping: The triboelectric generator system is composed of multiple triboelectric nanogenerator units. The device's damping can be adaptively adjusted based on the wave energy conditions at different frequencies (wavelengths), always maintaining an optimal match between the system's damping and the incident wave frequency (wavelength), thus achieving maximum power generation under various wave conditions.

[0034] 2. Enhanced low-frequency wave energy capture: The device utilizes both hydraulic transmission and friction nano-power generation technologies. Hydraulic transmission offers smooth transmission and flexible speed regulation, while friction nano-power generation is more efficient at capturing low-frequency wave energy. By combining these two technologies, the device achieves enhanced capture efficiency while ensuring reliability.

[0035] 3. Improved reliability and ease of maintenance: Due to the complex ocean environment, marine power generation devices require regular inspection and maintenance. Of the vulnerable components of this device (such as the triboelectric nanogenerator unit and hydraulic motor), only the hydraulic cylinder is located underwater; all triboelectric components are located above the water surface. This design, combined with a point-absorption device, enhances sealing performance. Because the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is replaceable, maintenance personnel can more easily perform inspections, maintenance, or component replacement, ensuring reliable operation throughout the device's design life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is an overall front view of the adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on the friction nano-power generation technology of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on friction nano-power generation technology;

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0039] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a shock absorbing and limiting device;

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic transmission device;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the adaptive working state of the designed wave energy power generation device and the wave state.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the power generation of the designed adaptive variable damping wave power generation device and the power generation of the fixed damping wave power generation device;

[0043] Figure 8 This is the principle diagram of triboelectric power generation of triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0044] The feature names represented by the reference numerals in the figures are as follows:

[0045] 100 - wave absorbing device; 110 - oscillating float; 120 - floating ring; 130 - shock absorbing and limiting device; 131 - fixed disc; 132 - shock absorbing spring; 133 - sliding disc;

[0046] 200-Hydraulic transmission device; 210-Hydraulic cylinder; 220-Accumulator; 230-Oil tank; 240-Hydraulic motor; 250-Valve assembly; 251-Check valve; 252-Relief valve; 260 Hydraulic pipeline;

[0047] 300 - triboelectric nanogenerator; 310 - power generation unit; 311 - upper surface friction medium; 312 - lower surface friction medium; 313 - power generation unit housing; 320 - main shaft; 330 - electromagnetic clutch; 340 - waterproof housing;

[0048] 400-Fixed device; 410-Anchor disc; 420-Connecting rod; 430-Anchor chain;

[0049] 500 - Damping adaptive device; 510 - Oil flow sensor; 520 - Pipeline pressure sensor; 530 - Current sensor; 540 - Voltage sensor; 550 - Speed ​​sensor; 560 - Wave sensor; 570 - Decision module device; 580 - Control module device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention made by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

[0051] In this embodiment, a triboelectric nanogenerator is used, and its triboelectric power generation principle is as follows: Figure 8As shown, the friction nanogenerator includes an upper structure and a lower structure. The upper structure includes an electrode plate support plate and a friction layer A, and the lower structure includes a friction layer B and a second conductive electrode plate. Through the rotational movement of the upper structure and the lower structure, friction is generated between the friction layer A and the friction layer B, and an electric potential difference is generated by friction, thereby realizing power generation.

[0052] This embodiment discloses an adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on triboelectric nanogenerator technology, comprising a wave absorbing device 100, a hydraulic transmission device 200, a triboelectric nanogenerator 300, and a fixing device 400;

[0053] The wave absorbing device 100 includes an oscillating float 110, a floating ring 120 and a shock-absorbing and limiting device 130. The floating ring 120 is made of lightweight plastic and is fixed to the outside of the oscillating float 110. Its size and thickness can be adjusted according to the overall mass of the wave energy power generation device. The shock-absorbing and limiting device 130 is installed inside the lower side of the oscillating float 110.

[0054] In this embodiment, the oscillating float 110 is a hollow structure. The oscillating float 110 has a rotating body structure. The main body is a funnel shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The main body is made of a lightweight, water-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy. The reason is that the power generation device needs to rely on buoyancy to float on the water surface during operation, so the overall weight needs to be light. At the same time, the working environment of the oscillating float is located near the sea surface, and the materials used must be resistant to seawater corrosion. The oscillating float 110 has a rotating body structure. In this way, the oscillating float relies on buoyancy to float on the water surface. Since the center of gravity of the rotating body structure is located on the axis of the oscillating float 110, it will not be immersed in water due to the offset of the center of gravity (when the oscillating float is immersed in water, the wave energy conversion effect is low).

[0055] Preferably, the maximum diameter of the upper end of the oscillating float 110 is 7.0 m, and the total height is 10 m.

[0056] The hydraulic transmission device 200 is installed within the oscillating float 110 and includes a hydraulic cylinder 210, an accumulator 220, an oil tank 230, a hydraulic motor 240, a valve assembly 250, and a hydraulic pipeline 260. The hydraulic cylinder 210 is fixed to the bottom of the oscillating float 110, wherein the hydraulic rod is connected to the fixing device 400. The accumulator 220, oil tank 230, and hydraulic motor 240 are all fixed inside the oscillating float. The valve assembly 250, including a relief valve 252 and a check valve 251, is installed on the hydraulic pipeline 260 and located between the various hydraulic components.

[0057] In the hydraulic transmission device 200, the connections between the various components are as follows: the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 210 is connected to a first three-way pipe fitting 211, one end of which is connected to a first one-way valve 212. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder 210 moves upward, the hydraulic oil is pressed into the subsequent hydraulic system while preventing the hydraulic oil from flowing back into the hydraulic cylinder.

[0058] The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 210 is connected to a first three-way pipe fitting 211, one end of which is connected to a one-way valve 212. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder 210 moves downward, hydraulic oil is sucked from the oil tank 230, while preventing the hydraulic oil from flowing back into the oil tank.

[0059] The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 210 is connected to a second three-way pipe fitting 213, one end of which is connected to a one-way valve 251. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder moves upward, hydraulic oil is sucked from the oil tank 230, while preventing the hydraulic oil from flowing back into the oil tank.

[0060] The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 210 is connected to a second three-way pipe fitting 213, one end of which is connected to a second one-way valve 214. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder 210 moves downward, the hydraulic oil is pressed into the subsequent hydraulic system while preventing the hydraulic oil from flowing back into the hydraulic cylinder.

[0061] The first one-way valve 212 and the second one-way valve 214 are connected to the sensors at the rear end (the oil flow sensor 510 and the pipeline pressure sensor 520 ) through the third three-way pipe 215 , and then the accumulator 220 is connected.

[0062] A fourth three-way pipe fitting 216 is connected to the back of the accumulator 220. One end of the fourth three-way pipe fitting 216 is connected to the overflow valve 252. The rear end of the overflow valve 252 is connected to the oil tank 230 for protecting the hydraulic circuit. The other end of the fourth three-way pipe fitting 216 is connected to the hydraulic motor 240. A first throttle valve 217 is installed on the connecting pipeline between the fourth three-way pipe fitting 216 and the hydraulic motor 240. A second throttle valve 218 is connected to the back of the hydraulic motor 240. The second throttle valve 218 is connected to the first oil tank 219.

[0063] The friction nanogenerator includes a power generation unit 310, a main shaft 320, an electromagnetic clutch 330 and a waterproof shell 340. The power generation unit 310 and the electromagnetic clutch 330 are both concentrically assembled on the main shaft 320. The waterproof shell 340 is located on the outermost side and its main function is to prevent water from entering the interior of the oscillating float 110 and damaging the internal working parts.

[0064] Preferably, the total height of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300 is 3.0 m, the diameter is 2.0 m, and the height of a single triboelectric nanogenerator unit 310 is 0.6 m.

[0065] The fixture 400 includes an anchor disc 410, a connecting rod 420, and an anchor chain 430. The upper end of the anchor disc 410 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 420, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the anchor chain 430. The anchor chain 430 is anchored to the seabed and primarily serves to stabilize the fixture 400. The shape of the anchor disc 410 creates resistance during movement, enabling stable relative motion between the wave absorbing device 100 and the fixture 400.

[0066] The damping adaptive device 500 includes a plurality of sensors, a decision module device 570 and a control module device 580, all of which are fixedly installed inside the oscillating float 110. The decision module device 570 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer.

[0067] Preferably, the anchor chain 430 is made of a steel cable with a diameter of 150 mm.

[0068] The shock-absorbing and limiting device 130 includes a fixed disc 131, a shock-absorbing spring 132 and a sliding disc 133, wherein the fixed disc 131 is installed inside the cavity of the oscillating float 110, the upper end of the shock-absorbing spring 132 is connected to the fixed disc 131, and the sliding disc 133 is installed at the lower end of the shock-absorbing spring 132, and the spring is used to reduce the impact and vibration of the connecting rod on the hydraulic cylinder.

[0069] The power generation unit 310 includes an upper friction medium 311 , a lower friction medium 312 and a power generation unit housing 313 , all of which are coaxially assembled on the main shaft 320 . The upper friction medium 311 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 320 , and the lower friction medium 312 is fixed in the power generation unit housing 313 .

[0070] The oil flow sensor 510 is installed on the hydraulic pipeline 260 and is located at the inlet and outlet of each hydraulic component in the hydraulic transmission device 200 to collect oil flow data.

[0071] The pipeline pressure sensor 520 is installed on the hydraulic pipeline 260 and is located at the inlet and outlet of each hydraulic component in the hydraulic transmission device 200 to collect pressure data of the pipeline and the hydraulic component.

[0072] The current sensor 530 and the voltage sensor 540 are installed on each power generation unit 310 to collect current and voltage data.

[0073] The speed sensor 550 is installed on the main shaft 330 and is used to collect speed data of the main shaft 320 .

[0074] The wave sensor 560 is installed outside the wave absorbing device 100 and is used to collect wavelength data of incident waves.

[0075] The electromagnetic clutch 330 is installed on the main shaft 320 between the two power generation units 310 and is used to control whether the power generation units 310 are working.

[0076] The working principle and wave energy power generation method of this embodiment include the following steps:

[0077] S1. First-stage energy conversion: Energy is converted from wave energy to mechanical energy. The wave absorbing device 100 converts the random motion of the waves into relative reciprocating motion between the wave absorbing device 100 and the fixing device 400, thereby converting the wave energy on the sea surface into mechanical energy inside the device.

[0078] S2. Second-stage energy conversion: Energy is converted from mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. The hydraulic cylinder 210 converts the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod into hydraulic motion in the hydraulic pipeline 260 , converting the mechanical energy of the hydraulic cylinder 210 into hydraulic energy in the hydraulic pipeline 260 .

[0079] S3. Third-stage energy conversion: Energy is converted from hydraulic energy to electrical energy. The rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor 240 is directly connected to the main shaft 320 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300. The hydraulic motion in the hydraulic transmission device 200 drives the triboelectric nanogenerator 300 to rotate, converting the hydraulic energy of the hydraulic transmission device 200 into electrical energy of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300.

[0080] S4. After collecting the sensor data, the decision module device 570 compares the data information with the predetermined working indicator information in real time, and controls the electromagnetic clutch 330 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300 through the control module device 560 to switch on and off, thereby controlling the working number of the power generation unit 310 and realizing adaptive damping adjustment of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300.

[0081] S5. After the decision module device 570 collects the sensor data, when the data information matches the set extreme weather warning information, the control module device 580 controls the electromagnetic clutch 330 between the triboelectric nanogenerator 300 and the hydraulic motor 240 to achieve motor cut-out to prevent damage to the triboelectric nanogenerator 300.

[0082] S6. After the decision module device 570 collects the sensor data, when the data information matches the fault information, the control module device 580 controls the electric clutch 330 in front of the damaged power generation unit 310 to be disconnected and wait for manual maintenance.

[0083] S7. When manually repairing the triboelectric nanogenerator 300, a single damaged triboelectric nanogenerator 310 is removed from the triboelectric nanogenerator 300, and a good triboelectric nanogenerator 310 can be immediately installed, and the damaged triboelectric nanogenerator 310 is brought back for later repair.

[0084] The operation and maintenance of this wave energy power generation device are both very simple, with a high degree of intelligence, which greatly reduces the difficulty of manual operation and maintenance in the later stage.

[0085] Preferably, for the power generation unit 310 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 300, the damping coefficient of a single power generation unit 310 is about 10 kN-s / m, and the designed number of power generation units is 8.

[0086] Figure 6 From the perspective of simulation, the implementation process of the adaptive damping change and safe and stable operation of the wave energy power generation device is demonstrated.

[0087] When the incident wavelength L reaches the cut-in wavelength (L = 10 m), the generator of the device starts to generate electricity; when the incident wavelength L is in the short-wave range (10 m < L < 30 m), the generator of the device can operate 2 - 4 power generation units; when the incident wavelength L is in the medium-wave range (30 m < L < 70 m), the generator of the device can operate 4 - 8 power generation units; when the incident wavelength L is in the long-wave range (70 m < L < 90 m), the generator of the device reaches the rated load range, and all 8 power generation units operate normally; when the incident wavelength L exceeds the cut-out wavelength (L = 90 m), the generator of the device cuts out and ends power generation, improving the reliability of the device itself. This adaptive variable damping operation can keep the system damping in the best match with the incident wave frequency, achieving the maximum power generation of the wave energy power generation device under various wave conditions.

[0088] Figure 7 From the perspective of simulation, a comparison chart of the power generation of the designed adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device and the fixed damping wave energy power generation device is shown.

[0089] When the damping coefficient of the fixed damping wave energy power generation device is selected as 40 kN-m / s, the power generation under different wavelength conditions is compared with the designed adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device. The shaded area can better show the power difference between the two. It can be found that the power generation of the adaptive variable damping power generation device of the present invention is significantly improved compared with the fixed damping power generation device.

[0090] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. All these fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology, characterized by: It comprises a wave absorbing device (100), a hydraulic transmission device (200), a friction nanogenerator (300), a fixing device (400) and a damping adaptive adjustment device (500); The wave absorbing device (100) comprises an oscillating float (110), a floating ring (120) and a shock-absorbing and limiting device (130). The floating ring (120) is located on the water surface and is fixed to the outside of the oscillating float (110). The oscillating float (110) is a rotating body structure. A cavity connected to an opening is provided at the lower part of the oscillating float (110). A hydraulic cylinder (210) for transmitting motion is fixed in the cavity. A shock-absorbing and limiting device (130) for reducing impact force is provided below the hydraulic cylinder (210). The hydraulic transmission device (200) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (210), an accumulator (220), an oil tank (230), a hydraulic motor (240), a valve assembly (250) and a hydraulic pipeline (260). The hydraulic cylinder (210) is a one-way hydraulic cylinder and is located at the connection between the wave absorbing device (100) and the fixing device (400). The hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder (210) is connected to the upper end of the fixing device (400), so that the relative movement between the wave absorbing device (100) and the fixing device (400) can be converted by the hydraulic cylinder (210). The accumulator (220) and the oil tank (230) are both located in the floating device. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor (240) are connected by the hydraulic pipeline (260). The rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor (240) is connected to the main shaft of the friction nanogenerator (300), and the power generated is used as the power source of the friction nanogenerator. The friction nanogenerator (300) comprises a plurality of power generation units (310), a main shaft (320), an electromagnetic clutch (330) and a waterproof housing (340); the power generation unit (310) is disc-shaped and consists of two adjacent and contacting friction nanogenerator material discs; the main shaft (320) is located at the center of the power generation unit (310); the main shaft (320) connects the plurality of power generation units (310); an electromagnetic clutch (330) is located between the two power generation units (310); and the waterproof housing (340) is located on the outside to protect the power generation unit (310), the main shaft (320) and the electromagnetic clutch (330); The fixing device (400) includes an anchor disc (410), a connecting rod (420) and an anchor chain (430), wherein the connecting rod (420) is located at the upper end of the anchor disc (410) and is connected to the hydraulic transmission device (200), and one end of the anchor chain (430) is located at the lower end of the anchor disc (410) and the other end is anchored to the seabed; The damping adaptive adjustment device (500) includes multiple sensors, the multiple sensors are located in various parts of the device, and the decision module device (570) and the control module device (580) are installed inside the float; The shock-absorbing and limiting device (130) comprises a fixed disc (131), a shock-absorbing spring (132), and a sliding disc (133), wherein the fixed disc (131) is installed inside the cavity of the wave absorbing device (100), the upper end of the shock-absorbing spring (132) is connected to the fixed disc (131), and the sliding disc (133) is installed at the lower end of the shock-absorbing spring (132); The hydraulic transmission device (200) includes a hydraulic cylinder (210), an oil tank (230), an accumulator (220), and a hydraulic motor (240); wherein, The hydraulic cylinder (210) is a one-way hydraulic cylinder, located at the connection between the lower chamber of the wave absorbing device (100) and the fixing device (400), and is used to convert the mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion into hydraulic energy; The oil tank (230) is fixed to the lower side of the oscillating float (110) and is used to store hydraulic oil; The accumulator (220) is located on the lower side of the oscillating float (110) and is used to temporarily store hydraulic oil to maintain the stability of the system; The hydraulic motor (240) is located inside the oscillating float (110), and the output shaft of the hydraulic motor (240) is connected to the main shaft (320) of the friction nanogenerator (300) to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

2. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The power generation unit (310) includes an upper friction medium (311), a lower friction medium (312), a main shaft (320), and a power generation unit housing (313). The upper friction medium (311) and the lower friction medium (312) are coaxially assembled. The upper friction medium (311) is connected to the main shaft (320) and can rotate with the rotation of the main shaft (320). The lower friction medium (312) is fixed in the power generation unit housing (313) and cannot rotate. The electromagnetic clutch (330) is used to connect two adjacent power generation units (310), and controls its own engagement or disengagement state, thereby controlling whether the power generation unit (310) is connected to the main shaft (320) for rotation, thereby controlling the working quantity of the power generation unit (310); According to different wave conditions, the working range is divided into a short wave range, a medium wave range and a long wave range. When the wavelength of the incident wave changes, the number of working power generation units (310) of the generator changes accordingly, so as to always maintain the best match between the system damping and the incident wave frequency.

3. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hydraulic transmission device (200) further comprises a valve assembly (250), the valve assembly (250) comprising a one-way valve (251) and a relief valve (252), the one-way valve (251) being installed on the hydraulic pipeline (260), the one-way valve (251) being used to control the flow direction and to prevent the return flow, the relief valve (252) being installed between the hydraulic pipeline (260) and the oil tank (230), the relief valve (252) being used to stabilize the pipeline pressure and provide unloading protection.

4. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The multiple sensors include an oil flow sensor (510), a pipeline pressure sensor (520), a current sensor (530), a voltage sensor (540), a rotation speed sensor (550), and a wave sensor (560), which are used to obtain status data of the hydraulic system, the generator, and the waves; wherein, The oil flow sensor (510) is used to collect flow data of the inlet and outlet water flows of each hydraulic component; The pipeline pressure sensor (520) is used to collect pressure data of the inlet and outlet pipelines of each hydraulic component and the hydraulic component; The current sensor (530) is used to collect current data generated by each power generation unit in the generator set; The voltage sensor (540) is used to collect voltage data generated by each power generation unit in the generator set; The rotation speed sensor (550) is used to collect rotation speed data of the main shaft in the generator set; The wave sensor (560) is used to collect wavelength data of incident waves.

5. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The decision module device (570) and the control module device (580); wherein, The decision module device (570) is used to analyze the obtained sensor data, determine the current wave state and the power generation of the device, and make adjustment plans for the power generation working state; The control module device (580) is used to control the working number of the power generation unit (310) of the friction nanogenerator (300) by controlling the switch of the electromagnetic clutch (330) according to the adjustment plan, thereby realizing adaptive adjustment of the generator power.

6. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: One end of the anchor chain (430) is composed of three small flexible chains for connecting the mooring disc (410), and the other end of the anchor chain (430) is composed of a large flexible chain fixed to the seabed plane.

7. An adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation method based on friction nano-power generation technology, characterized in that: The method is carried out using the adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation device based on the friction nano-power generation technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps: S1. First-stage energy conversion: energy is converted from wave energy to mechanical energy. The wave absorbing device (100) converts the random motion of the waves into relative reciprocating motion between the wave absorbing device (100) and the fixing device (400), thereby converting the wave energy on the sea surface into mechanical energy of the device. S2, second-stage energy conversion: Energy is converted from mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. The hydraulic cylinder (210) converts the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod into hydraulic motion in the hydraulic pipeline (260), converting the mechanical energy of the hydraulic cylinder (210) into hydraulic energy in the hydraulic pipeline (260); S3. Third-level energy conversion: Energy is converted from hydraulic energy to electrical energy. The rotating shaft of the hydraulic motor (240) is directly connected to the main shaft (320) of the friction nanogenerator (300). The hydraulic motion in the hydraulic transmission device (200) drives the rotational motion of the friction nanogenerator (300), and the hydraulic energy of the hydraulic transmission device (200) is converted into electrical energy of the friction nanogenerator (300).

8. The adaptive variable damping wave energy power generation method based on tribo-nanoelectricity generation technology according to claim 7 is characterized in that: After step S3, the method further includes: S4, after the decision module device (570) collects the sensor data, it compares the data information with the predetermined working index information in real time, and controls the on / off of the electromagnetic clutch (330) of the friction nanogenerator (300) through the control module device (580), thereby controlling the working quantity of the power generation unit (310), realizing the adjustment of various damping of the generator, and thus realizing the maximization of the power generation power; S5, after the decision module device (570) collects the sensor data, when the data information matches the set extreme weather warning information, the control module device (580) controls the electromagnetic clutch between the friction nanogenerator (300) and the hydraulic motor (240) to realize the motor cut-out to prevent damage to the friction nanogenerator; S6. After the decision module device (570) collects the sensor data, when the data information matches the fault information, the control module device (580) controls the disconnection of the electrical clutch in front of the damaged power generation unit and waits for manual maintenance; S7. When manually repairing the triboelectric nanogenerator (300), a single damaged triboelectric nanogenerator unit (310) is removed from the triboelectric nanogenerator, and a triboelectric nanogenerator unit (310) in good condition is installed, and the damaged triboelectric nanogenerator unit (310) is brought back for later repair.

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