Vehicle-mounted dam disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system integrating seismic detection and inspection

Abstract

The application discloses a dam disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system with integrated seismic exploration and vehicle, which comprises an electric vehicle and a pneumatic impact seismic source, the pneumatic impact seismic source is installed at the position of the gravity center of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle, the front wheel of the electric vehicle is connected with a vehicle control faucet, the rear wheel of the electric vehicle is connected with a driving device, the driving device is connected with the vehicle control faucet, a one-key seismic starting button is installed on the vehicle control faucet, the one-key seismic starting button is connected with the pneumatic impact seismic source, an operator controls the seismic starting action of the pneumatic impact seismic source and the data acquisition of a seismic data acquisition instrument through the one-key seismic starting button; a computer support is installed at the front end of the vehicle control faucet, and the computer support is used for placing a tablet computer loaded with an upper computer acquisition control system software; the tablet computer is connected with the seismic data acquisition instrument and the pneumatic impact seismic source, and the seismic data acquisition instrument is connected with a seismic detector. The one-key seismic starting button is arranged, the seismic starting action of the pneumatic impact seismic source and the seismic data acquisition of the seismic data acquisition instrument are controlled by one key.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of urban road hidden danger seismic detection and engineering exploration, in particular to a seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted dam disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system. BACKGROUND

[0002] 1. Seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted vehicle body structure

[0003] The urban road and dam environment is special, and during engineering seismic detection construction, safety must be ensured and construction must be completed quickly. The traditional explosive source has strong energy, deep detection depth, but high risk coefficient, and requires professional blasting personnel for construction. The artificial hammer source has low energy, shallow detection depth, low construction efficiency and unstable energy output. The traditional explosive and hammer source is not suitable for the urban road and dam environment. In view of the particularity of the current urban road and dam environment, a strong energy, fast construction and stable energy output source system needs to be designed.

[0004] 2. Seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted observation system

[0005] Due to the limitations of urban road working sites and working time, large-area shallow two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration work cannot be carried out. When laying out the two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic observation system, independent geophones need to be laid out on the site according to the observation system. At the present stage, the traditional two-dimensional and wide-line observation system takes a long time, needs multiple people to work together, and has high construction cost, which is not suitable for rapid detection. For the rapid investigation of urban road hidden dangers, an observation system that can be quickly assembled on site and completed by a single person is needed.

[0006] 3. Multi-channel data stacking imaging

[0007] The urban road seismic signal is strongly disturbed by environmental noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low. In multi-channel seismic data processing, the traditional processing method is to extract single-channel components to form equal offset sections. Although there are a series of data processing methods such as band-pass filtering, automatic gain, and predictive convolution, the resolution of the equal offset sections obtained by processing is still low, and the reflection wave characteristics of the target body cannot be accurately identified. At the present stage, a high-resolution stacking method is urgently needed to overcome environmental noise interference and extract the true reflection information of the target body. The present application aims to propose a correlation stacking method for near-surface layer high-resolution stacking imaging.

[0008] Application No. 202210136855.1 discloses a kind of pneumatic impact seismic source, including cylinder (1), cylinder (1) is provided with cylinder (11) of cylindrical shape, the top of cylinder (11) is provided with cylinder cover (12), cylinder cover (12) is provided with inlet and outlet air nozzle (121);The bottom of cylinder (11) is provided with bottom plate (13);In cylinder (11) is provided with piston (14) sliding along up and down direction, the top of piston (14) is provided with initial position locking permanent magnet (15), the bottom of piston (14) is provided with rod-shaped hammer head (16), bottom plate (13) is provided with the through hole of hammer head (16) extension;Hammer head (16) is covered with reset spring (17), the upper end of reset spring (17) and the bottom of piston (14) abut, the lower end of reset spring (17) and bottom plate (13) abut.

[0009] The pneumatic impact seismic source is arranged on a trolley, cannot be actively driven (needs to be dragged to move by a vehicle), does not have a complete integrated structure, and does not have a one-key start seismic button, a one-key control pneumatic impact seismic source (2) start seismic action and a seismic data acquisition instrument to acquire data. SUMMARY

[0010] In view of at least one defect of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a dam disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system, which is provided with a one-key start seismic button, a one-key control pneumatic impact seismic source (2) start seismic action and a seismic data acquisition instrument to acquire seismic data.

[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: including electric vehicle (1) and pneumatic impact seismic source (2), pneumatic impact seismic source (2) is installed at the center of gravity position of the vehicle body (10) of electric vehicle (1), the front wheel (11) of electric vehicle (1) is a steering wheel, the front wheel (11) is connected with vehicle control tap (12), the rear wheel (13) of electric vehicle (1) is a drive wheel, the rear wheel (13) is connected with driving device, the driving device is connected with vehicle control tap (12), the vehicle control tap (12) is provided with a one-key start seismic button, the one-key start seismic button is connected with pneumatic impact seismic source (2) and seismic data acquisition instrument, the operator controls pneumatic impact seismic source (2) start seismic action and seismic data acquisition instrument to acquire data through the one-key start seismic button;Vehicle control tap (12) is provided with computer support (14) at the front end, computer support (14) is used to place tablet computer (15) loaded with upper computer acquisition control system software;Tablet computer (15) is connected with seismic data acquisition instrument and pneumatic impact seismic source (2), seismic data acquisition instrument is connected with seismic detector (16);Or the upper computer acquisition software of tablet computer (15) is provided with soft key with the same function as one-key start seismic button.

[0012] The tablet computer (15) controls the one-key start of the seismic data acquisition instrument through a data line.

[0013] Application No. 202210136855.1 discloses a pneumatic impact seismic source provided with a control circuit for controlling its operation, and the control circuit is provided with a microprocessor. The tablet computer (15) controls the one-key start of the microprocessor through a serial adapter.

[0014] The one-key start button is connected to the microprocessor to control the one-key start of the one-key start button. The one-key start button is connected to the acquisition switch of the seismic data acquisition instrument to control the acquisition of data. The one-key start button and the soft key can be selected.

[0015] The electric vehicle (1) is provided with a driver's seat (17).

[0016] The vehicle body (10) is provided with a machine box loading bucket (18), and the system energy supply battery, the main control box of the pneumatic impact seismic source (2), and the seismic data acquisition instrument are placed on the buffer base (181) in the machine box loading bucket (18). The system energy supply battery supplies power to the pneumatic impact seismic source (2) and the seismic data acquisition instrument.

[0017] The vehicle body is also provided with an RTK plug rod (19) and a sunny umbrella mounting seat.

[0018] A rapid high-resolution detection system comprising the vehicle body structure of the seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic detection system, the key of which is that a speed sensor is installed on the piston of the pneumatic impact seismic source (2), and the speed change curve of the hammer head in the process of impacting the ground to completely stopping is judged to judge the current road geological conditions, so as to automatically adjust to the best impact force and impact time; the model of the speed sensor is 312V01-100-ACI.

[0019] Five kinds of geological conditions are set according to the adaptive coupling function, including cement pavement, gravel pavement, asphalt pavement, sandy soil pavement and muddy soil pavement; the displacement of the impact on the ground is as follows:

[0020] The hammering moment of the hammer head of the pneumatic impact seismic source (2) is set as position a: the hammer head speed is maximum, the ground is contacted and ready to start energy release to the ground, at this moment the hammer head speed is Va;

[0021] The sinking process of the hammer head is position b: the hammer head starts to decelerate, its mechanical energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the ground is deformed, at this moment the hammer head speed is Vb;

[0022] The stopping moment of the hammer head is position c: the energy release is completed, at this moment the hammer head speed is Vc, and the hammer head speed is reduced to 0;

[0023] It can be seen that Va>Vb>Vc.

[0024] The movement time of the hammer head from the speed Va to Vc is δt, and the movement time of the cement pavement, the gravel pavement, the asphalt pavement, the sandy soil pavement and the clay pavement is δt1, δt2, δt3, δt4 and δt5 respectively, and δt1<δt2<δt3<δt4<δt5;

[0025] The speed-time (v-t) curve of the hammer head is obtained at the starting moment of the pneumatic impact seismic source (2) as the 0 moment, the speed-time (v-t) curve of the hammer head can be obtained through the speed sensor installed in the piston of the pneumatic impact seismic source (2), the movement time δt from Vmax to 0 is calculated, Vmax=Va, and the current coupling geological condition can be judged by comparing the interval with the test data, so as to automatically adjust the impact degree and the impact time length, so as to achieve the best coupling effect.

[0026] The rear part of the electric vehicle (1) is connected with a support, one end of the support is connected with the electric vehicle (1), the other end of the support is connected with six geophones (16), the distance from the pneumatic impact seismic source (2) to the six geophones (16) is equal, and is 2.5 m; the six geophones (16) are spaced apart by 0.5 m; a group of seismic data is collected every 0.5 m to 3 m.

[0027] A multi-channel signal correlation stacking imaging method of a fast high-resolution detection system; the key lies in:

[0028] It is assumed that the recording time length of the geophone (16) is t every time of movement and collection, the total recording time of multiple coverages is T=6×t, and the total observation field value at the x position is R(x,T)=[r i (x,t)],i=1,2,..6;

[0029] If the set window length is w, the iteration number of the point stacking calculation is N=T / w, and the derivation calculation formula is:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, l=1,2,..,N,p=w×l,(w+1)×l,…,(2w-1)×l,2×w×l; R(x,p) is the function of the summation of the multiplication of the observation records R(x,p) at the x position and R(x,p) after N times of iteration and normalization.

[0032] The method is characterized by: taking six seismic data of six seismic detectors (16) as original data, applying conventional seismic data processing methods including band-pass filtering, automatic gain, predictive deconvolution and trace equalization data processing methods to obtain corresponding seismic data; the six seismic data form a pseudo-three-dimensional data body to realize pseudo-three-dimensional imaging of a shallow surface target body.

[0033] Significant effects: the application provides a dam channel disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system with integrated seismic detection and vehicle, which is provided with a one-key start seismic button, a one-key control pneumatic impact seismic source (2) start seismic action and a seismic data acquisition instrument for acquiring seismic data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a vehicle structure of the seismic detection and vehicle integrated seismic detection system.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a one-key start seismic function workflow.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the piston of the pneumatic impact seismic source.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of displacement change when the hammer head impacts the ground.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a speed-time (v-t) curve of the hammer head.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the seismic detection and vehicle integrated seismic detection system: (a) and (b) are front views; (c) and (d) are side views.

[0040] Figure 7 It is a seismic data acquisition photo of the seismic detection and vehicle integrated seismic detection system.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a stacked section.

[0042] Figure 9 It is a data acquisition photo.

[0043] Figure 10 It is a pseudo-three-dimensional seismic section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] As Figures 1-10As shown, the present application relates to a seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted rapid high-resolution detection system for dam disease, which mainly comprises the following contents: 1) design of seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted vehicle body structure; 2) design of data acquisition system and detector coupling structure; 3) design of seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic observation system; 4) for single detection data, a correlation stacking method is proposed to realize high-resolution stacking imaging of near-surface layer; 5) near-surface layer high-resolution pseudo-3D detection imaging can be realized.

[0046] The present application provides a rapid detection method for urban road and dam hidden dangers, which has the following advantages: 1) compared with the traditional linear or array type observation system, the seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic observation system device simplifies the field construction steps, the whole device is simple and easy to construct, one-key start, which can significantly improve the construction efficiency; 2) the detector and the ground can realize the most dense coupling, which can ensure that the wideband high signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal is acquired; 3) the distance from the seismic source to the detector is equal, and the designed observation system has a volume effect, and the received seismic signal can comprehensively reflect the geological body characteristics from the center of the seismic source to the detector; 4) the correlation stacking method can realize multi-channel high-resolution stacking; 5) near-surface layer target body pseudo-3D detection imaging can be realized, and the spatial extension characteristics of the target body are proved.

[0047] A seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted dam disease seismic rapid high-resolution detection system, 1. A seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic rapid high-resolution detection system, the key lies in, including the following contents:

[0048] Content 1): design of seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted vehicle body structure;

[0049] Content 2): design of data acquisition system and detector coupling structure;

[0050] Content 3): design of seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic observation system, which is suitable for rapid detection of urban road hidden dangers; Content 4): multi-channel signal correlation stacking imaging, which realizes high-resolution stacking imaging of shallow surface seismic data. Content 5): shallow surface pseudo-3D detection imaging.

[0051] In the content 1, the process of designing the seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted system structure includes the following contents:

[0052] The vehicle body structure of the seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic detection system of the present application. The side view of the vehicle-mounted system structure is as shown in Figure 1 , which has the following characteristics:

[0053] 1) The pneumatic impact seismic source 2 is installed at the center of gravity of the electric vehicle 1, so that the vehicle body 10 can keep balance when it is impacted;

[0054] 2) The front wheel 11 of the electric vehicle 1 is a steering wheel, and the driving direction is controlled through the steering handle 12;

[0055] 3) The rear wheels 13 of the electric vehicle 1 are driving wheels, and the driving speed is controlled by the vehicle control handle 12;

[0056] 4) A one-touch start button is installed on the vehicle control faucet 12, through which the operator can control the receiver to prepare for acquisition and the pneumatic shock source 2 to start vibration operation;

[0057] 5) The front end of the vehicle control faucet 12 is a computer bracket 14, which is used to lock and place a tablet computer 15 equipped with the host computer acquisition and control system software;

[0058] 6) The operator can sit in the driver's seat 17 to control the vehicle and operate the host computer tablet 15;

[0059] 7) The system power supply battery, pneumatic shock source main control box, seismic data acquisition instrument, etc. can all be placed on the buffer base 181 in the chassis bucket 18;

[0060] 8) The weight of the operator and the equipment can be used as a counterweight to prevent the reaction force when the vibration is started from lifting the entire vehicle; 9) The electric vehicle body is also equipped with an RTK rod 19 and a sunshade umbrella mounting seat for inserting the RTK equipment and the sunshade umbrella.

[0061] In the above content 1, the process of designing the data acquisition system and detector coupling structure includes the following:

[0062] The present invention designs a vehicle-mounted data acquisition and detector coupling structure for earthquake detection. A one-button earthquake start function is developed. Specifically, a one-button earthquake start button is installed on the vehicle control handle 12. The operator can use it to control the receiver to prepare for acquisition and the earthquake source to start the earthquake. At the same time, the tablet computer 15 host computer acquisition software also places a soft key with the same function. The one-button earthquake start function workflow is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0063] Due to the differences in the surface geological structure of the construction road surface, if the same impact intensity and impact duration are set for the pneumatic impact source, the impact energy release coupling effect on the ground may not be optimal. Therefore, the present invention designs a solution in which the source can self-adjust the impact intensity and impact duration on the ground with different geological conditions to achieve the best coupling energy release effect. Figure 3 As shown, a velocity sensor is installed inside the piston of the pneumatic impact source. This sensor determines the velocity curve of the hammer head from impact to complete stop, thereby determining the current road surface geological conditions and automatically adjusting the impact force and duration to the optimal level. The velocity sensor model is 312V01-100-ACI.

[0064] Currently, the adaptive coupling function has five geological conditions, including cement road surface, gravel road surface, asphalt road surface, sand road surface and dirt road surface. The displacement diagram when impacting the ground is as follows:Figure 4 As shown in the figure.

[0065] Hammering moment (a position): the hammer head speed is maximum, and is ready to start releasing energy to the ground, at this moment, the hammer head speed is Va;

[0066] Trapping process (b position): the hammer head starts to decelerate, its mechanical energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the ground is deformed, at this moment, the hammer head speed is Vb;

[0067] Stopping moment (c position): the energy release is completed, at this moment, the hammer head speed is Vc, and the hammer head speed is reduced to 0.

[0068] It can be seen that Va>Vb>Vc.

[0069] Suppose that the movement time of the hammer head from Va to Vc is δt, and the movement time of the cement pavement, the gravel pavement, the asphalt pavement, the sandy soil pavement and the muddy soil pavement is δt1, δt2, δt3, δt4 and δt5 respectively, obviously, δt1<δt2<δt3<δt4<δt5.

[0070] The hammer head speed-time (v-t) curve is as shown in the figure. Figure 5 The speed sensor installed in the air-impacting seismic source piston can obtain the above-mentioned hammer head speed-time (v-t) curve, and the movement time δt from Vmax to 0 can be calculated, so that the current coupling geological condition can be judged by comparing the interval with the test data, thereby automatically adjusting the impact force and the impact time length, so that the best coupling effect can be achieved.

[0071] In the content 1, the process of designing a seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic observation system comprises the following contents:

[0072] The application designs a seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted seismic observation system. Figure 6 (a) and (b) are front views, Figure 6 (c) and (d) are side views. S is the position of the air-impacting seismic source, and r1 to r6 are the positions of the six geophones. The distance from the seismic source to the six geophones is equal, and is 2.5 m. The six geophones are spaced apart by 0.5 m. The air-impacting seismic source is arranged on a small electric vehicle, and the six geophones are connected to the rear side of the seismic source vehicle through two hard metal rods. P1 is the insertion hole of the mobile acquisition station (RTK). The upper end of the RTK insertion rod (19) is provided with the insertion hole P1, and P2 is the insertion hole of the sunshade umbrella. When collecting seismic data, a group of seismic data is collected every 0.5 m to 3 m of forward movement. The device is simple and easy to operate, and only one person can independently complete the data collection work.

[0073] In the content 1, the multi-channel signal correlation stacking imaging mainly comprises the following contents:

[0074] In order to realize high-resolution near-surface superposition imaging of dam hidden dangers, the application provides a correlation superposition imaging method.

[0075] Suppose that the recording time length is t during each movement acquisition, the total recording time of multiple coverages is T=6*t, and the total observation field value at the x position is R(x,T)=[r i (x,t)], i=1, 2,..., 6.

[0076] If the set window length is w, the total iteration number of point superposition calculation is N=T / w, and the derivation calculation formula is:

[0077]

[0078] Wherein, l=1, 2,..., N, p=w*l, (w+1)*l,..., (2w-1)*l, 2*w*l. R(x,p) is multiplied and summed, and the function after N iterations and normalization.

[0079] In the content 1, the shallow surface pseudo-three-dimensional detection imaging mainly includes the following contents:

[0080] In order to realize high-resolution pseudo-three-dimensional imaging of dam hidden dangers near the surface, the application provides a shallow surface pseudo-three-dimensional imaging method.

[0081] The six-channel seismic data of the seismic detection integrated vehicle is used as original data, and conventional seismic data processing methods are applied, including band-pass filtering, automatic gain, predictive deconvolution, trace equalization and other data processing methods, to obtain corresponding seismic data. The six-channel seismic data forms a pseudo-three-dimensional data body, and the pseudo-three-dimensional imaging of the shallow surface target body can be realized. The above application contents are mainly applied in urban roads and dam structures at present.

[0082] Engineering application:

[0083] 1. Case one

[0084] 1.1. Data acquisition

[0085] In June 2022, the seismic detection integrated vehicle towing seismic detection system was applied in a resident road in Chongqing to carry out road stability detection work. The surface layer is asphalt layer with a thickness of about 0.3m. The bottom layer is backfill clay. During the towing seismic data acquisition, the seismic detection integrated vehicle detection system is used, 6 geophones are used, and one measuring line is completed. The type of seismic detector is single-component acceleration type, and the frequency width is 1Hz to 5000Hz. During data acquisition, the offset distance is 2.5m, the sampling interval is 41.7us, and the sampling point number is 4096. The seismic source is a pneumatic impact seismic source, and each shot point position is hammered once. The field data acquisition is as shown in Figure 7 .

[0086] 1.2. Data processing and interpretation

[0087] As Figure 8 shown in the superimposed profile of multiple channels, the data resolution is high, and the reflection phase axis continuity is good. Continuous reflection phase axis can be identified at 10ms (A) and 20ms to 25ms (B) positions. The average P-wave velocity is estimated to be 1000m / s, and the depth distance is 5m (A) and 10m to 12.5m (B) respectively. Combined with regional geological data, it is considered that reflection axis A is the interface between backfill clay layer and sand gravel layer, and reflection axis B is the interface between sand gravel layer and bottom bedrock surface. From left to right, reflection axis B slowly drops from 10m to 12.5m, which is highly consistent with the actual geological data.

[0088] 2. Case two

[0089] 2.1. Data acquisition

[0090] In September 2022, a pipeline detection work was carried out in a certain abandoned factory building in Chongqing by using a seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted towed seismic exploration system. The surface is a hard road surface with a thickness of about 0.5m. The bottom layer is backfill sand gravel soil. During the towed seismic data acquisition, the seismic detection integrated vehicle-mounted detection system was used, a total of 6 geophones were used, and a total of one line was completed. Each shot point position was hammered twice. The field data acquisition is shown in Figure 9 .

[0091] 2.2. Data processing and interpretation

[0092] As Figure 8 shown in the pseudo-3D seismic profile composed of six channels, the data resolution is high, and the reflection phase axis continuity is good. At a distance of 12m to 14m, the depth is about 3m (small box Y), there are obvious phase axis disorder and messy characteristics in the six seismic profiles, and the horizontal difference in the six seismic profiles is obvious, which is determined as the position of the pipeline. Combined with the regional exploration data and the outcrop of the pipeline, the position of the pipeline determined by the pseudo-3D seismic profile is highly consistent with the actual position of the pipeline.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned is only a specific embodiment of the present application, of course, the person skilled in the art can modify and change the present application, if these modifications and changes belong to the scope of the claims of the present application and its equivalent technology, all should be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapid high-resolution earthquake detection of dam road defects using a vehicle-mounted seismic inspection system, comprising an electric vehicle (1) and a pneumatic shock source (2), characterized in that: The pneumatic shock source (2) is installed at the center of gravity of the vehicle body (10) of the electric vehicle (1). The front wheel (11) of the electric vehicle (1) is a steering wheel. The front wheel (11) is connected to a vehicle control handle (12). The rear wheel (13) of the electric vehicle (1) is a driving wheel. The rear wheel (13) is connected to a driving device. The driving device is connected to the vehicle control handle (12). A one-touch start button is installed on the vehicle control handle (12). The one-touch start button is connected to the pneumatic shock source (2) and the seismic data acquisition instrument. The operator controls the vehicle control handle (12) by using the one-touch start button. The pneumatic shock source (2) starts the vibration and the seismic data acquisition instrument collects data; a computer bracket (14) is installed at the front end of the vehicle control faucet (12), and the computer bracket (14) is used to place a tablet computer (15) equipped with a host computer acquisition control system software; the tablet computer (15) is connected to the seismic data acquisition instrument and the pneumatic shock source (2), and the seismic data acquisition instrument is connected to a seismic detector (16); or the host computer acquisition software of the tablet computer (15) is provided with a soft key with the same function as the one-button start vibration button; A speed sensor is installed on the piston of the pneumatic impact source (2), and the speed change curve of the hammer head in the process of impacting the ground to completely stopping is judged to judge the current road geological conditions, so as to automatically adjust to the optimal impact force and impact duration; Five geological conditions were set using the adaptive coupling function, including cement pavement, gravel pavement, asphalt pavement, sandy soil pavement, and dirt pavement. The displacements when impacting the ground are as follows: The hammer of the pneumatic shock source (2) is set to strike at position a: the hammer speed is at its maximum and is about to release energy to the ground. The hammer speed at this moment is Va; The hammer's sinking process is at position b: the hammer begins to slow down, its mechanical energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the ground is deforming. At this moment, the hammer's speed is Vb; The stopping moment of the hammer is position c: the energy is released, the speed of the hammer is Vc, and the speed of the hammer is reduced to 0; It can be seen that Va>Vb>Vc; Assume that the time it takes for the hammer to move from Va to Vc is δt, and the time it takes for the cement road surface, gravel road surface, asphalt road surface, sand road surface, and dirt road surface are δt1, δt2, δt3, δt4, and δt5, respectively. δt1<δt2<δt3<δt4<δt5; The velocity-time (vt) curve of the hammer head is obtained by taking the start time of the pneumatic impact source (2) as time 0; the velocity-time (vt) curve of the hammer head can be obtained by a velocity sensor installed inside the piston of the pneumatic impact source (2); by calculating the movement time δt from Vmax to 0, Vmax=Va, the current coupled geological conditions can be judged by comparing it with the interval of the test data; thereby automatically adjusting the impact force and impact duration to achieve the best coupling effect.

2. The vehicle-mounted, rapid, high-resolution earthquake detection method for dam and road defects according to claim 1 is characterized by: The electric vehicle (1) is provided with a driving seat (17).

3. The vehicle-mounted rapid high-resolution earthquake detection method for dam and road defects according to claim 1 is characterized by: A chassis bucket (18) is installed on the vehicle body (10), and a system energy supply battery, a main control box of a pneumatic shock source (2), and a seismic data acquisition instrument are placed on a buffer base (181) in the chassis bucket (18).

4. The vehicle-mounted rapid high-resolution earthquake detection method for dam and road defects according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vehicle body is also equipped with an RTK rod (19) and a sunshade umbrella mounting seat.

5. A method for rapid and high-resolution earthquake detection of dam road defects comprising the vehicle-mounted seismic detection integrated device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rear of the electric vehicle (1) is connected to a bracket, one end of the bracket is connected to the electric vehicle (1), and the other end is connected to six seismic detectors (16). The distances from the pneumatic shock source (2) to the six seismic detectors (16) are equal, all 2.5 m; the six seismic detectors (16) are spaced 0.5 m apart; and a set of seismic data is collected every time the vehicle advances 0.5 m to 3 m.

6. The vehicle-mounted, rapid, high-resolution earthquake detection method for dam and road defects according to claim 5, characterized in that: Assume that the recording time length of each mobile acquisition of the seismic detector (16) is t, the total recording time of multiple coverage is T = 6×t, and the total observation field value at the x position is R(x, T) = [r i (x, t)], i = 1, 2, ..6; If the set window length is w, the number of iterations in the common receiving point superposition calculation is N = T / w, and the derived calculation formula is: (1)； where l = 1, 2, .., N, p = w×l, (w+1)×l, …, (2w-1)×l, 2×w×l; It is a function that is obtained by multiplying the observation record R(x, p) at the point x by R(x, p), summing the results, and performing N iterations and normalization.

7. The method for shallow surface pseudo-3D imaging of a fast and high-resolution detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Six channels of seismic data from five seismic detectors (16) are used as original data, and conventional seismic data processing methods are applied, including bandpass filtering, automatic gain, predictive deconvolution, and channel equalization data processing methods, to obtain corresponding seismic data; the six channels of seismic data form a quasi-three-dimensional data volume, realizing quasi-three-dimensional imaging of a shallow surface target body.

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