A nickel-based alloy and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to a nickel-based alloy, its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of alloy preparation; the nickel-based alloy includes: C, Si, S, P, Mn, Cr, Co, Al, Y, Hf, Ti and H, and the rest are nickel and inevitable impurities; by adding Al, Y, Hf, Ti and Si, Al generates an Al2O3 oxide film at high temperature, which can effectively hinder the inward diffusion of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the material; Y and Hf can improve the adhesion of the oxide film, the addition of Si generates some silicon dioxide on the basis of Al2O3, which can achieve the effect of pinning the oxide film, Ti can prevent internal oxidation of the material, make the silicon dioxide only form on the surface, and cooperate with Al, which is beneficial to reducing the nitridation of aluminum and promoting the formation of Ni3Al strengthening phase, effectively improving the oxidation resistance of the nickel-based alloy, controlling the content of each element, ensuring that the material has a high melting point and improving the ignition ablation resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, and in particular to a nickel-based alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Since the spark plug side electrode is used in a high-temperature fuel environment, it needs good oxidation resistance, ablation resistance and high-temperature strength to ensure the stability of ignition. Nickel-based alloys have become the most widely used spark plug side electrode materials due to their good high-temperature mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, low resistance and easy processing. The conventional national standard spark plug side electrode nickel-based alloy grades are: nickel-chromium-manganese-silicon alloy NCr5-3-1.8, nickel-manganese-silicon-chromium alloy (NMn2-1.8-1.8), and nickel-chromium-iron alloy (NCr15-8). Manganese is added to these grades mainly because the sulfur content of early fuel is high. In order to prevent corrosion caused by sulfur, the high manganese content is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of sulfur atmosphere, but it is not conducive to high-temperature oxidation resistance. After the formation of manganese sulfide, the high-temperature mechanical properties of the material will decrease, and the electrode will break. With the improvement of fuel quality, the sulfur content is getting lower and lower, and the combustion calorific value is getting higher and higher. The disadvantages of traditional materials in high-temperature oxidation resistance and ablation resistance are becoming more and more prominent.

[0003] In order to improve the material performance, the following improvements have been made so far. For example, the composition of the nickel alloy spark plug electrode material is controlled to include a silicon content of 0.1-1.5%, a manganese content of 0.1-0.65%, an aluminum content of 3.1-5%, a chromium content of 0-2%, a yttrium or other rare earth content of 0-0.5%, a cobalt content of 0-5%, and a hafnium or rhenium content of 0-0.5%; or the composition of the spark plug side electrode material is controlled to include a silicon content of 0.3-3%, a manganese content of less than 0.5%, a chromium content of 0.2-3%, an aluminum content of 0.2-3%, and a yttrium content of 0.1-1%. In the above two schemes, the aluminum content is relatively high, and the chromium and cobalt contents are also relatively high. As the amount of these elements added increases, the melting point of the material will decrease and the resistivity will increase, which is not conducive to reducing the electrode resistance heat generated by the spark plug ignition current and affects the ablation resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a nickel-based alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to improve the ablation resistance of current nickel alloys.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a nickel-based alloy, the chemical composition of which, by mass fraction, includes: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.4%-0.8%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.4%-0.5%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.5%-3.5%, Y: 0.01%-0.04%, Hf: 0.07%-0.15%, Ti: 0.08%-0.12%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0006] As an optional embodiment, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.5%-0.7%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.42%-0.47%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.7%-3.2%, Y: 0.02%-0.03%, Hf: 0.09%-0.13%, Ti: 0.09%-0.11%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0007] As an optional embodiment, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.55%-0.65%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.44%-0.45%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.9%-3.0%, Y: 0.023%-0.027%, Hf: 0.10%-0.12%, Ti: 0.095%-0.10%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a nickel-based alloy, the method comprising:

[0009] Smelting a nickel source, a silicon source, a yttrium source, a hafnium source, a titanium source, a cobalt source, a chromium source, a manganese source and an aluminum source to obtain an alloy rod;

[0010] Purifying the alloy rod to obtain an alloy ingot;

[0011] The alloy ingot is heated and rolled to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0012] As an optional embodiment, the nickel source includes electrolytic nickel, the silicon source includes crystalline silicon, the yttrium source includes metallic yttrium, the hafnium source includes metallic hafnium, the titanium source includes sponge titanium, the cobalt source includes metallic cobalt, the chromium source includes metallic chromium, the manganese source includes electrolytic manganese, and the aluminum source includes metallic aluminum.

[0013] As an optional embodiment, the smelting is carried out in a three-phase lined electric frying furnace, and the smelting slag includes CaF 2 , CaO and Al 2 O 3 , the CaF 2 , CaO and Al 2 O 3 The mass ratio satisfies (3-5):(2-4):(2-4), and the mass ratio of the smelted slag and the smelted molten steel is (0.1-0.12):1.8.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the steel tapping temperature of the smelting is 1620-1650°C.

[0015] As an optional embodiment, the purified slag comprises Y 2 O 3 and CaF 2 , the Y 2 O 3 and CaF 2 The mass ratio satisfies (15-25):(70-80); the amount of the purified slag is 3-5Kg.

[0016] As an optional implementation manner, the heating temperature is 1100-1200°C, the heating time is 120-300 minutes; and the starting temperature of the rolling is 1150-1170°C.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of a nickel-based alloy, the application comprising using the nickel-based alloy to prepare a spark plug side electrode, the nickel-based alloy being the nickel-based alloy described in the first aspect or a nickel-based alloy prepared by the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy described in the second aspect.

[0018] The above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0019] The nickel-based alloy provided in the embodiment of the present application, by adding Al, Y, Hf, Ti and Si, Al can form a dense Al layer on the surface of the material at high temperature. 2 O 3 Oxide film, which can effectively hinder the diffusion of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the material; Y and Hf can improve the adhesion of the oxide film, and Si has a good effect on preventing surface oxidation. 2 O 3 Some silicon dioxide is generated on the basis of the material, which can achieve the effect of pinning the oxide film. Ti can prevent the internal oxidation of the material, so that silicon dioxide is only formed on the surface. At the same time, it cooperates with Al to reduce the nitridation of aluminum and promote Ni 3The generation of Al strengthening phase effectively improves the oxidation resistance of nickel-based alloys. At the same time, by controlling the content of each element, the material is guaranteed to have a high melting point, the ignition ablation resistance is improved, and the ablation resistance of the current nickel alloy is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a morphology diagram of a spark plug side electrode made of the nickel-based alloy provided in Example 1 of the present application after an ignition test;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a morphology diagram of a spark plug side electrode made of the nickel-based alloy provided in Example 2 of the present application after an ignition test;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a morphology diagram of a spark plug side electrode made of the nickel-based alloy provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present application after an ignition test;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a morphology diagram of a spark plug side electrode made of the nickel-based alloy provided in Comparative Example 2 of the present application after an ignition test. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this application can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0029] An embodiment of the present application provides a nickel-based alloy, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy comprising, by mass fraction: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.4%-0.8%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.4%-0.5%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.5%-3.5%, Y: 0.01%-0.04%, Hf: 0.07%-0.15%, Ti: 0.08%-0.12%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0030] Al can form a dense Al layer on the surface of the material at high temperature. 2 O 3 Oxide film, which can effectively hinder the diffusion of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur into the material, and improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of the material. At the same time, Al and Ni generate strengthening phase Ni 3 Al can strengthen the grain boundary, improve high temperature strength and high temperature creep performance, and prevent deformation of the material during service. However, Al will increase the resistivity of the material. Adding too much will cause excessive heat in the electrode resistance and accelerate ablation. 2 O 3 Under the premise of oxide film stability, the Al content should be reduced as much as possible. The Al addition range is 2.5-3.5%.

[0031] Si has a good effect on preventing surface oxidation. However, the oxide film formed by Si can penetrate into the material and cannot prevent oxygen from diffusing into the material. 2 O 3 Some silicon dioxide is generated on the basis, which can achieve the effect of pinning the oxide film. At the same time, in order to inhibit internal oxidation, the Si content should not be added too much. The appropriate Si addition amount is 0.4-0.8%.

[0032] Ti can prevent internal oxidation of the material, so that silicon dioxide is only formed on the surface. At the same time, it cooperates with Al to reduce the nitridation of aluminum and promote Ni 3 Al strengthens the phase. The appropriate amount of addition is 0.08-0.12%.

[0033] Mn can react with sulfur to form manganese sulfide, which inhibits corrosion caused by sulfur and generates stable Al 2 O 3 After the oxide film is formed, it can also prevent corrosion caused by sulfur, so the addition of Mn should not be too much, and the appropriate addition amount is 0.4-0.5%.

[0034] Cr can improve the antioxidant and corrosion resistance, but adding too much will lead to increased resistance. Considering the role of aluminum replacing chromium, the upper limit of chromium addition is set at 0.6%.

[0035] Co can be dissolved in nickel to play a role in solid solution strengthening and improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of the material. Adding too much will lead to increased resistance, so the upper limit is set at 0.5%.

[0036] Y and Hf can improve the adhesion of the oxide film, Hf can inhibit nitridation precipitation at high temperature, and Y and Hf can form a stable nanocomposite phase to strengthen the grain boundary. Considering the cost, the amount of Y added is 0.01-0.04%, and the amount of Hf added is 0.07-0.15%.

[0037] Excessive H content can cause internal combustion in nickel alloys, resulting in pores and cracking during hot working. Adding Al during material design will exacerbate this tendency. To ensure smooth processing, the upper limit of hydrogen is controlled at 0.0004%.

[0038] Elements C, S, and P are harmful to the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the material and are controlled at a lower limit.

[0039] Preferably, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.5%-0.7%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.42%-0.47%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.7%-3.2%, Y: 0.02%-0.03%, Hf: 0.09%-0.13%, Ti: 0.09%-0.11%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0040] More preferably, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.55%-0.65%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.44%-0.45%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.9%-3.0%, Y: 0.023%-0.027%, Hf: 0.10%-0.12%, Ti: 0.095%-0.10%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

[0041] The metallographic structure of the nickel-based alloy is a single-phase austenite structure.

[0042] The present application also provides a method for preparing a nickel-based alloy, the method comprising:

[0043] S1. Smelting a nickel source, a silicon source, a yttrium source, a hafnium source, a titanium source, a cobalt source, a chromium source, a manganese source and an aluminum source to obtain an alloy rod;

[0044] In some embodiments, the nickel source includes electrolytic nickel, the silicon source includes crystalline silicon, the yttrium source includes metallic yttrium, the hafnium source includes metallic hafnium, the titanium source includes sponge titanium, the cobalt source includes metallic cobalt, the chromium source includes metallic chromium, the manganese source includes electrolytic manganese, and the aluminum source includes metallic aluminum.

[0045] In some embodiments, the smelting is carried out in a three-phase lined electric slag furnace, and the smelting slag includes CaF 2 , CaO and Al 2 O 3 , the CaF 2 , CaO and Al 2 O 3 The mass ratio satisfies (3-5):(2-4):(2-4), and the mass ratio of the smelted slag and the smelted molten steel is (0.1-0.12):1.8.

[0046] In some embodiments, the tapping temperature of the smelting is 1620-1650°C.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, electrolytic nickel, crystalline silicon, metal yttrium, metal hafnium, sponge titanium, metal cobalt, metal chromium, electrolytic manganese, and aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, and a 1.8-ton three-phase lined electric slag furnace is used to smelt alloy steel bars. The slag and its mass ratio are: CaF 2 :CaO:Al 2 O 3 =3-5:2-4:2-4, slag dosage 100-120Kg, aluminum powder is used for deoxidation during smelting. Steel tapping temperature 1620-1650℃. Yttrium metal is inserted into the ladle and argon is blown from the bottom for 2-3 minutes to ensure uniformity of composition. Alloy rods are cast.

[0048] S2. Purifying the alloy rod to obtain an alloy ingot;

[0049] In some embodiments, the purified slag comprises Y 2 O 3 and CaF 2 , the Y 2 O 3 and CaF 2 The mass ratio satisfies (15-25):(70-80); the amount of the purified slag is 3-5Kg.

[0050] By adding Y 2 O 3 , which can ensure the recovery rate of rare earth in the alloy after purification.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the alloy rod is used as a consumable electrode and purified in a single-phase electroslag remelting furnace to obtain an alloy ingot. The composition and mass ratio of the purified slag are Y2 O 3 :CaF 2 =15-25:70-80, 3-5 kg ​​of refined slag per furnace. Alloy ingots are air cooled.

[0052] S3. Heating and rolling the alloy ingot to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0053] In some embodiments, the heating temperature is 1100-1200°C, the heating time is 120-300 min; and the starting temperature of the rolling is 1150-1170°C.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the alloy ingot is heated in a heating furnace at a heating temperature of 1100-1200° C. for a heating time of 120-300 min, and then rolled at a starting rolling temperature of 1150-1170° C. to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0055] The composition ratio of the nickel-based alloy provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used for preparation by the above method. The single-phase electroslag remelting process used can not only reduce the size and number of inclusions in the steel, but also produce a dense ingot with fine grains and good thermoplasticity. The ingot can be directly hot-rolled without forging. This solves the problem that the current nickel-based alloy needs to be forged before further hot processing, and the production process is long.

[0056] An embodiment of the present application also provides an application of a nickel-based alloy, which includes using the nickel-based alloy to prepare a spark plug side electrode, wherein the nickel-based alloy is the nickel-based alloy provided above or a nickel-based alloy prepared by the above nickel-based alloy preparation method.

[0057] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are usually measured according to national standards. If there is no corresponding national standard, then the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A nickel-based alloy, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy is, by weight percentage, C 0.005%, Si 0.75%, S 0.001%, P 0.010%, Mn 0.49%, Cr 0.45%, Co 0.42%, Al 3.38%, Y 0.04%, Hf 0.08%, Ti 0.09%, H 0.00015%, and the balance is nickel.

[0060] The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is as follows:

[0061] 1. Using electrolytic nickel, crystalline silicon, metal yttrium, metal hafnium, sponge titanium, metal chromium, metal cobalt, electrolytic manganese and aluminum blocks as raw materials, a 1.8-ton three-phase lined electric slag furnace is used to smelt alloy steel bars. The slag and its mass ratio are: CaF 2 :CaO:Al 2 O 3 =4:3:3, slag dosage 100Kg, aluminum powder deoxidation during smelting. Steel tapping temperature 1650℃. Yttrium metal is inserted into the ladle and argon is blown at the bottom for 2 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the composition. Casting is alloy rod.

[0062] 2. The alloy rods are used as consumable electrodes and purified in a single-phase electroslag remelting furnace to obtain alloy ingots. In order to ensure the rare earth recovery rate in the purified alloy, Y 2 O 3 , refined slag and its mass ratio is Y 2 O 3 :CaF 2 =20:80, 4 kg of refined slag per furnace. The alloy ingots are air cooled.

[0063] 3. The alloy ingot obtained in 2 is heated in a heating furnace at a heating temperature of 1170°C for a heating time of 150 min, and then rolled at a starting rolling temperature of 1150°C to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A nickel-based alloy, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy is, by weight percentage, C 0.005%, Si 0.4%, S 0.001%, P 0.010%, Mn 0.49%, Cr 0.15%, Co 0.42%, Al 2.5%, Y 0.03%, Hf 0.14%, Ti 0.1%, H 0.0001%, and the balance is nickel.

[0066] The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is as follows:

[0067] 1. Using electrolytic nickel, crystalline silicon, metal yttrium, metal hafnium, sponge titanium, metal chromium, metal cobalt, electrolytic manganese and aluminum blocks as raw materials, a 1.8-ton three-phase lined electric slag furnace is used to smelt alloy steel bars. The slag and its mass ratio are: CaF 2 :CaO:Al 2 O 3 =4:3:3, slag dosage 100Kg Aluminum powder is used for deoxidation during smelting. Steel tapping temperature is 1650℃. Yttrium metal is inserted into the ladle and argon is blown from the bottom for 2 minutes to ensure uniformity of composition. Alloy rods are cast.

[0068] 2. The alloy rods are used as consumable electrodes and purified in a single-phase electroslag remelting furnace to obtain alloy ingots. In order to ensure the rare earth recovery rate in the purified alloy, Y 2 O 3 , refined slag and its mass ratio is Y 2 O 3 :CaF 2 =20:80, 4 kg of refined slag per furnace. The alloy ingots are air cooled.

[0069] 3. The alloy ingot obtained in 2 is heated in a heating furnace at a heating temperature of 1170°C for a heating time of 150 min, and then rolled at a starting rolling temperature of 1150°C to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] A nickel-based alloy, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy is, by weight percentage, 0.007% C, 0.8% Si, 0.003% S, 0.010% P, 0.3% Mn, 0.25% Cr, 0.11% Co, 2.75% Al, and the balance is nickel.

[0072] The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is as follows:

[0073] 1. Using electrolytic nickel, crystalline silicon, metallic cobalt, electrolytic manganese, metallic chromium and aluminum blocks as raw materials, a 1.8-ton three-phase lined electric slag furnace is used to smelt alloy steel bars. The slag and its mass ratio are: CaF 2 :CaO:Al 2 O 3 =4:3:3, slag dosage 110Kg, aluminum powder deoxidation during smelting. Steel tapping temperature 1640℃. Bottom blowing argon stirring for 3 minutes to ensure component uniformity. Casting into alloy rods.

[0074] 2. The alloy rods are used as consumable electrodes and purified in a single-phase electroslag remelting furnace to obtain alloy ingots. The refined slag and its mass ratio are Al 2 O 3 :CaF 2 =25:75, 4 kg of refined slag per furnace. The alloy ingots are air cooled.

[0075] 3. The alloy ingot obtained in 2 is heated in a heating furnace at a heating temperature of 1200° C. for a heating time of 150 min, and then rolled at a starting rolling temperature of 1170° C. to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] A nickel-based alloy, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy is, by weight percentage, 0.007% C, 0.5% Si, 0.003% S, 0.010% P, 0.3% Mn, 1% Cr, 0.11% Co, 3.5% Al, and the balance is nickel.

[0078] The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is as follows:

[0079] 1. Using electrolytic nickel, crystalline silicon, metallic cobalt, electrolytic manganese, metallic chromium and aluminum blocks as raw materials, a 1.8-ton three-phase lined electric slag furnace is used to smelt alloy steel bars. The slag and its mass ratio are: CaF 2 :CaO:Al 2 O 3 =4:3:3, slag dosage 110Kg, aluminum powder deoxidation during smelting. Steel tapping temperature 1640℃. Bottom blowing argon stirring for 3 minutes to ensure component uniformity. Casting into alloy rods.

[0080] 2. The alloy rods are used as consumable electrodes and purified in a single-phase electroslag remelting furnace to obtain alloy ingots. The refined slag and its mass ratio are Al 2 O 3 :CaF 2 =20:75, 5 kg of refined slag per furnace. The alloy ingots are air cooled.

[0081] 3. The alloy ingot obtained in 2 is heated in a heating furnace at a heating temperature of 1180° C. for a heating time of 120 min, and then rolled at a starting rolling temperature of 1160° C. to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

[0082] The nickel-based alloys provided in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 were processed into 2.8 mm*1.6 mm rectangular wires and performance tests were performed. The results are shown in the following table:

[0083] Oxidation weight gain rate (%) Number of holes after ignition test Example 1 0.43 4 Example 2 0.46 0 Comparative Example 1 0.64 56 Comparative Example 2 0.61 60

[0084] Among them, the test method of oxidation weight gain rate is specifically as follows: put the sample into a muffle furnace for high-temperature oxidation at 1000°C for 100 hours, and calculate its mass oxidation weight gain rate, which is mainly used as the basis for antioxidant performance; the test method of the number of holes after the ignition test is specifically as follows: use a rectangular wire as a side electrode to weld a spark plug, use an ignition tester to perform a 9000HZ ignition test on the spark plugs made of three schemes, observe the corrosion of the ignition surface after 3000 hours, and obtain the data on the number of holes after the ignition test, which is mainly used as the basis for judging the ignition ablation resistance.

[0085] As can be seen from the above table, the nickel-based alloy prepared by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the oxidation resistance of the oxide film by adding yttrium and hafnium. At the same time, after the ignition test, the nickel-based alloy provided in the embodiment of the present application has significantly fewer ablation pits than the control example, so the use of the nickel-based alloy provided in the embodiment of the present application as the side electrode can improve the spark ablation resistance of the side electrode.

[0086] Various embodiments of the present application may be presented in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be understood as a rigid limitation on the scope of the present application; therefore, the range description should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within the range. For example, the range description from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which apply regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.

[0087] In the present application, in the absence of any contrary description, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", are specifically the directions of the drawings in the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the description of the present specification, the terms "including", "comprising", etc. refer to "including but not limited to". In this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In this article, "and / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. Wherein A, B can be singular or plural. In this article, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plural" refers to two or more. "At least one", "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e. a and b), ac, bc or abc, where a, b, c can be single or plural, respectively.

[0088] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A nickel-based alloy, characterized in that: The chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy is calculated by mass fraction as follows: C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.4%-0.8%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.4%-0.5%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.5%-3.5%, Y: 0.01%-0.04%, Hf: 0.07%-0.15%, Ti: 0.08%-0.12%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities; The metallographic structure of the nickel-based alloy is a single-phase austenite structure, and the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy comprises: Smelting a nickel source, a silicon source, a yttrium source, a hafnium source, a titanium source, a cobalt source, a chromium source, a manganese source and an aluminum source to obtain an alloy rod; Purifying the alloy rod to obtain an alloy ingot; Directly heating and rolling the alloy ingot without forging to obtain a nickel-based alloy; The smelting is carried out in a three-phase lined electric slag furnace, the smelting slag comprises CaF2, CaO and Al2O3, the mass ratio of CaF2, CaO and Al2O3 satisfies (3-5):(2-4):(2-4), and the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the smelted steel liquid is (0.1-0.12):1.8; The tapping temperature of the smelting is 1620-1650°C; The purified slag comprises Y2O3 and CaF2, and the mass ratio of Y2O3 to CaF2 satisfies (15-25):(70-80); the amount of the purified slag is 3-5kg; The heating temperature is 1100-1200°C, the heating time is 120-300min; the starting temperature of the rolling is 1150-1170°C.

2. The nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction, C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.5%-0.7%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.42%-0.47%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.7%-3.2%, Y: 0.02%-0.03%, Hf: 0.09%-0.13%, Ti: 0.09%-0.11%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

3. The nickel-based alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that The chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy includes, by mass fraction, C: ≤0.01%, Si: 0.55%-0.65%, S: ≤0.003%, P: ≤0.010%, Mn: 0.44%-0.45%, Cr: ≤0.6%, Co: ≤0.5%, Al: 2.9%-3.0%, Y: 0.023%-0.027%, Hf: 0.10%-0.12%, Ti: 0.095%-0.10%, H%≤0.0004%, and the rest is nickel and unavoidable impurities.

4. A method for preparing a nickel-based alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method comprises: Smelting a nickel source, a silicon source, a yttrium source, a hafnium source, a titanium source, a cobalt source, a chromium source, a manganese source and an aluminum source to obtain an alloy rod; Purifying the alloy rod to obtain an alloy ingot; The alloy ingot is heated and rolled to obtain a nickel-based alloy.

5. The method for preparing a nickel-based alloy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nickel source includes electrolytic nickel, the silicon source includes crystalline silicon, the yttrium source includes metallic yttrium, the hafnium source includes metallic hafnium, the titanium source includes sponge titanium, the cobalt source includes metallic cobalt, the chromium source includes metallic chromium, the manganese source includes electrolytic manganese, and the aluminum source includes metallic aluminum.

6. An application of a nickel-based alloy, characterized in that: The application includes using the nickel-based alloy to prepare a spark plug side electrode, wherein the nickel-based alloy is the nickel-based alloy described in any one of claims 1 to 3 or a nickel-based alloy prepared by the method for preparing the nickel-based alloy described in any one of claims 4 to 5.

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