A metallurgical nozzle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a metallurgical nozzle comprising a material channel and a reaction gas channel nested within each other. An entrainment channel is concentrically disposed within the material channel, a rotating shaft is disposed at the center of the entrainment channel, a blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft, a drive device is disposed at the top of the rotating shaft, and exhaust holes are provided in the wall of the entrainment channel. The reaction gas channel, the material channel, and the upper end of the entrainment channel are not interconnected. The present invention has a simple structure, improves the mixing reaction of gas and material particles, reduces smoke and dust production, and more centrally concentrates the reaction, effectively reducing erosion of the reaction tower wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal smelting, in particular to a metallurgical nozzle for smelting nonferrous metals such as copper, nickel and lead. Background Art

[0002] The non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical industry is generally divided into bath smelting and space smelting. Space smelting, a major smelting process, utilizes the enormous surface energy of sulfides to cause material particles to react with oxygen. The oxidation reaction is completed instantly (2-3 seconds) within the smelting furnace, and separation is completed after entering the settling tank. The core of space smelting is to use a central dispersed air flow to disperse the material entering the flash furnace reaction tower, where it mixes with the surrounding reactive gas and reacts. Due to the limitations of this central dispersed air flow, production often suffers from low oxygen utilization, high smoke and dust rates, severe furnace lining erosion, and even raw material discharge. In recent years, Chinese copper smelting technicians have developed a cyclonic flotation smelting process, such as those in Patents CN101705369B and CN102268558B. Leveraging the principles of natural tornadoes, this process uses a central cyclonic flow with the material outside the air. The reactive gas is ejected from the center, forming an inverted tornado, which draws the surrounding material into the reactive gas, mixing the reactive gas and material, and initiating the oxidation reaction.

[0003] Whether it is a central dispersion nozzle or a vortex entrainment nozzle, its purpose is to achieve reaction by effectively mixing the reaction gas and material; therefore, researching and developing a nozzle that can fully mix the reaction gas and material to achieve enhanced reaction has become the main research direction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a metallurgical nozzle that can fully mix reaction gas and material and intensify the reaction, thereby meeting the technical requirements of non-ferrous metal smelting.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A metallurgical nozzle includes a material channel and a reaction gas channel that are nested inside and outside. A suction channel is concentrically arranged in the material channel, a rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the suction channel, a blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft, a driving device is arranged on the top of the rotating shaft, and an exhaust hole is arranged on the wall of the suction channel. The upper ends of the suction channel, the material channel and the reaction gas channel are not connected to each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotating shaft and the blade assembly are threadedly connected.

[0008] Furthermore, at least three blades are connected to the blade assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the exhaust holes are a plurality of inclined holes evenly arranged along the wall of the entrainment channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the included angle between the exhaust hole and the tangent line of the outer wall of the suction channel is 25° to 55°.

[0011] Furthermore, the exhaust hole is located at the lower part of the suction channel and above the blade assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, a cyclone is provided in the reaction gas channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotation speed of the driving device can be adjusted arbitrarily.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the blade assembly is higher than the bottom end of the entrainment channel, the bottom end of the entrainment channel is higher than the bottom end of the material channel, and the bottom end of the material channel is higher than the bottom end of the reaction gas channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the material channel and the reaction gas channel are both provided with inwardly constricted openings, and the constricted openings are parallel to each other.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention sets a rotating shaft and a blade assembly in the entrainment channel. Under the action of the driving device, the rotating shaft drives the blade assembly to rotate, sucking the gas and / or material outside the entrainment channel into the entrainment channel. Under the action of the gas or material being sucked into the entrainment channel, an entrainment vortex is formed at the entrance of the entrainment channel and below it. The entrainment vortex sequentially sucks the peripheral material and reaction gas into the middle position, thereby achieving mixing and reaction of the material and reaction gas. The gas and / or material entrained into the entrainment channel by the blade assembly enters the material channel through the exhaust holes on the entrainment channel under the pressure generated by the rotation of the blade assembly, agitating the material in the material channel, disrupting the movement trajectory of the material, and spraying the material particles onto the inner wall of the material channel. The material particles rebound on the inner wall, and the rebound is toward the inside, which is conducive to the aggregation of the material particles toward the center. Furthermore, the entrainment method employed in the present invention differs from the entrainment injection method of the prior art. The entrainment method of the present invention allows a portion of the reactant gas and material to enter the entrainment channel, creating a negative pressure below the nozzle outlet. This forces the surrounding reactant gas and material to move toward the center, preventing them from scouring the reaction tower walls and thus improving the service life of the reaction tower. The present invention also features a simple structure, a more effective mixing reaction of gas and material particles, a low smoke rate, and a more concentrated reaction at the center, effectively reducing scouring of the reaction tower walls. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the metallurgical nozzle structure;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the exhaust hole on the suction channel;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the blade assembly;

[0020] Figure 4 A top view of the blade assembly.

[0021] In the figure: 1. reaction gas channel, 2. material channel, 3. suction channel, 4. rotating shaft, 5. blade assembly, 6. driving device, 7. cyclone, 31. exhaust hole, 51. blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a metallurgical nozzle, comprising a material channel 2 and a reaction gas channel 1, which are nested inside and outside. An entrainment channel 3 is concentrically arranged in the material channel 2. A rotating shaft 4 is arranged at the center of the entrainment channel 3. A blade assembly 5 is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft 4. A driving device 6 is arranged at the top of the rotating shaft 4. An exhaust hole 31 is arranged on the wall of the entrainment channel 3. The reaction gas channel 1, the material channel 2, and the upper end of the entrainment channel 3 are not interconnected. When the metallurgical nozzle provided by the present invention is in operation, the reaction gas enters from the reaction gas channel 1, and the reaction material enters from the material channel 2. The driving device 6 drives the rotating shaft 4 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 4 drives the blade assembly 5 to rotate. The rotation of the blade assembly 5 transforms the entrainment channel 3 into an air intake channel, sucking in the gas and / or material at the entrance of the entrainment channel 3. The gas or material is entrained into the entrainment channel 3, forming an entrainment vortex at and below the entrance of the entrainment channel 3. The entrainment vortex sequentially entrains the peripheral material and reaction gas into the middle position, thereby achieving mixing and reaction of the material and reaction gas. The gas and / or material entrained into the entrainment channel 3 by the blade assembly 5 enters the material channel through the exhaust holes 31 on the entrainment channel 3 under the pressure generated by the rotation of the blade assembly 5, stirring the material in the material channel 2, disrupting the movement trajectory of the material, and spraying the material particles onto the inner wall of the material channel 2. The material particles rebound on the inner wall of the material channel 2. This rebound is toward the inside, which is conducive to the aggregation of the material particles toward the center, that is, it is conducive to the mixing of the material with the reaction gas and the concentration of the reaction toward the center. At the same time, the entrainment used in the present invention is different from the entrainment injection of the prior art. The entrainment of the present invention allows part of the reaction gas and material to enter the entrainment channel to form a negative pressure below the nozzle outlet, so that the surrounding reaction gas and material move toward the center, preventing the reaction gas and material from scouring the reaction tower wall, which is conducive to improving the service life of the reaction tower.

[0024] In the present invention, the material channel 2 is bolted to the center of the reaction gas channel 1. The entrainment channel 3 is also bolted to the center of the material channel 2. The rotating shaft 4 extends from the entrainment channel 3 and is connected to the center of the entrainment channel via a bearing. The upper portion of the rotating shaft 4 is connected to the drive device 6. The rotating shaft 4 and the drive device 6 can be connected by gears or belts, or a speed changer can be provided. Preferably, the drive device 6 uses a variable frequency motor directly connected to the rotating shaft 4. By adjusting the motor speed, the speed of the rotating shaft 4 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the speed of the blade assembly 5 and adjusting the entrainment capacity of the blade assembly 5.

[0025] The purpose of the rotation of the blade assembly 5 is to entrain gas or material particles outside the bottom of the entrainment channel 3, forcing them into the entrainment channel 3 while simultaneously generating a vortex of vortex flow below the entrainment channel 3. Because material particles can cause wear on the blade assembly 5 and the inner wall of the entrainment channel 3, entrainment of material particles into the entrainment channel 3 is minimized or minimized. Therefore, when the entrainment force is equal to the weight of the material particles, the material particles can freely vortex and float below the entrainment channel 3. Therefore, based on the relationship between gravity and wind force:

[0026] mg=ρvГ

[0027] Where m is the particle mass, ρ is the air density, v is the wind speed, and Г is the circulation volume.

[0028] According to the above formula, combined with the computer simulation experiment of the present invention, it is found that when the material particles are 100-mesh copper concentrate particles, the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 1200-1260 r / min, and most of the material particles entering from the material channel 2 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 200-mesh copper concentrate particles, the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 890-940 r / min, and most of the material particles entering from the material channel 2 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 100-mesh nickel concentrate particles, the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 1270-1320 r / min, and most of the material particles entering from the material channel 2 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 200-mesh nickel concentrate particles, the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 910-970 r / min, and most of the material particles entering from the material channel 2 are swirled and floated. The above values ​​take into account the influence of the negative pressure required to be maintained in the furnace.

[0029] Whether it is copper concentrate or nickel concentrate particles, when the rotation speed of the normal blade assembly 5 exceeds 1500 r / min during pyrometallurgy using the nozzle of the present invention, relatively obvious material particles enter the suction channel 3. The rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is controlled at 850-1400 r / min, and the air volume sucked into the suction channel 3 accounts for 8-15% of the air volume entering the reaction gas channel 1.

[0030] In the present invention, the blade assembly 5 acts as a rotating body. When the speed is not properly controlled, the material particles will inevitably be sucked into the suction channel 3. The material particles will cause wear to the blade assembly. Therefore, it is preferred that the rotating shaft 4 and the blade assembly 5 are not integrated parts, and the blade assembly 5 can be easily disassembled and replaced. Preferably, the rotating shaft and the blade assembly are threadedly connected, and the direction of the threaded tightening is opposite to the suction rotation direction of the blade assembly 5. In this way, when the rotating shaft 4 rotates the blade assembly 5, the rotating shaft 4 and the blade assembly are always in a tightened state.

[0031] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the blade assembly 5 is a vulnerable and important component of the present invention. The rotation of the blade assembly 5 is the main component for achieving swirl and buoyancy. Considering safety, the best method is to weld multiple blades 51 to the blade assembly 5, or bolt them together. The number of blades is at least three, and the present invention uses five.

[0032] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, exhaust holes 31 are provided at the lower part of the entrainment channel 3 and above the blade assembly 5 . The exhaust holes 31 are a plurality of oblique holes evenly arranged along the wall of the entrainment channel 3 .

[0033] During computer model experiments on the metallurgical nozzle of the present invention, it was found that the gas discharged from the exhaust hole 31 pushes the material moving downward in the material channel 2 toward the inner wall of the material channel 2, causing the material to move in an oblique downward direction and concentrate 50-120 mm below the exhaust hole 31; the material particles then move obliquely downward in the opposite direction. When the position of the exhaust hole 31, the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 and the amount of material are reasonably configured, it can be clearly seen that the material particles gather in the middle position below the suction channel 3.

[0034] The aforementioned situation that occurred during the computer simulation experiment of the present invention is related to the structure of the device of the present invention. Under normal circumstances, after the material particles enter the material channel 2, they fall in a free-falling manner. The gas ejected from the exhaust hole 31 blows the material particles outward, causing the material particles to move outward while moving downward. Ultimately, before entering the reaction tower, the material particles move to the inner wall of the material channel 2 and collide with the inner wall of the material channel 2. The rebound after the collision and the inward retraction of the bottom of the material channel cause the material particles to move toward the center and aggregate in the lower part of the entrainment channel. During the computer simulation process, by adjusting the rotation speed of the blade assembly, the material particles generally collide or aggregate with the inner wall of the material channel 2 approximately 50-120 mm below the exhaust hole 31.

[0035] Taking the above phenomenon into consideration, it is preferred that a plurality of exhaust holes 31 are provided at the same height on the material channel 2 and are evenly arranged.

[0036] The present invention also conducted an experiment to adjust the outlet angle of the exhaust hole 31 during the experiment. When the exhaust hole 31 was sprayed obliquely, under the action of the material channel 2, the material particles were driven by the gas blown out obliquely from the exhaust hole 31, and the material rotated at the outlet of the material channel, and the rotation effect became more obvious as the speed of the blade assembly continued to increase. At the same time, the adjustment of the angle of the exhaust hole 31 also had a certain positive effect. The greater the inclination, the more obvious the rotation effect. When the angle θ between the exhaust hole 31 and the tangent of the outer wall of the suction channel 3 was less than 60°, there was a rotation effect. The preferred angle of the present invention was 25° to 55°, and the optimal angle was 30°. The rotation of the material particles driven by the air jet from the exhaust hole 31 at the outlet of the material channel 2 of the present invention needs to be consistent with the direction of the vortex flow formed at the lower part of the suction channel 3 due to the rotation of the blade assembly 5. Otherwise, the rotation of the material particles will conflict with the vortex flow, and the vortex flow effect will be weakened.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, a cyclone 7 is provided in the reaction gas channel 1 to induce swirl in the reaction gas entering the reaction gas channel 1. The cyclone 7 is configured to align the direction of the swirl generated by the reaction gas with the direction of the vortex generated by the rotation of the blade assembly 5. This facilitates the swirl effect in the lower portion of the entrainment channel 3, further mixing the reaction gas and material particles, and thereby promoting a more complete reaction.

[0038] To account for the effects of entrainment vortex flow, the bottom of the blade assembly 5 is higher than the bottom of the entrainment channel 3, which in turn is higher than the bottom of the material channel 2, which in turn is higher than the bottom of the reaction gas channel 1. Furthermore, both the bottoms of the material channel and the reaction gas channel are designed with inwardly converging openings, which are parallel to each other. This facilitates the movement of material particles exiting the material channel 2 and the reaction gas discharged from the reaction gas channel 1 toward the center, promoting mixing of the material and reaction gas, and facilitating a more complete and effective reaction.

[0039] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metallurgical nozzle, comprising a material channel and a reaction gas channel nested inside and outside, characterized in that: A suction channel is concentrically arranged in the material channel, a rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the suction channel, a blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft, a driving device is arranged on the top of the rotating shaft, and an exhaust hole is arranged on the wall of the suction channel. The suction channel, the material channel and the upper end of the reaction gas channel are not connected to each other. The exhaust holes are multiple inclined holes evenly arranged along the wall of the suction channel. The bottom of the blade assembly is higher than the bottom end of the suction channel, the bottom end of the suction channel is higher than the bottom end of the material channel, the bottom end of the material channel is higher than the bottom end of the reaction gas channel, the bottom end of the material channel and the bottom end of the reaction gas channel are both provided with inward closing, and the closings are parallel to each other.

2. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft and the blade assembly are threadedly connected.

3. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least three blades are connected to the blade assembly.

4. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the exhaust hole and the tangent line of the outer wall of the suction channel is 25° to 55°.

5. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust hole is located at the lower part of the suction channel and above the blade assembly.

6. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cyclone is provided in the reaction gas channel.

7. The metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the driving device can be adjusted arbitrarily.

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