A thermal management system and method for a commercial vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a heat management system and method for a commercial vehicle, which utilizes the characteristic of large heat dissipation of the intercooling system in the commercial vehicle, increases the heating of the battery and driving by the waste heat of the intercooling system, and further reduces the heating energy consumption. Meanwhile, the double-input power takeoff is used to couple the mechanical fan, the motor and the engine driving shaft at the same time, and the fan is driven to operate by the motor only when the motor or the battery needs to be cooled, and the fan is driven to operate by the engine when the engine needs to be cooled, which can reduce the number of fans, improve the system integration and save the front end layout space of the vehicle. Meanwhile, the energy saving performance is considered, the double-input power takeoff can be provided with a multi-gear transmission ratio adjustment function, the transmission speed ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the heat load and the input end speed, so that the fan operates at a suitable speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive manufacturing technology and relates to an automotive thermal management system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing thermal management systems for hybrid commercial vehicles typically use heaters, engine waste heat, or motor waste heat to heat the battery and cab heating. They also generally employ a combination of electric and mechanical fans for cooling the front of the vehicle. This cooling method requires a large number of fans, has low system integration, wastes space in the front of the vehicle, and the fans do not operate at appropriate speeds, resulting in significant energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems described in the background section, this invention provides a thermal management system and method for commercial vehicles.

[0004] The commercial vehicle thermal management system of the present invention includes an electric compressor and a water heater. The input end of the electric compressor is connected to an evaporator, and the output end of the electric compressor is connected to a condenser. The output end of the condenser is connected to the evaporator through a first electronic expansion valve, and the evaporator is also connected to a second plate heat exchanger.

[0005] The input end of the water heater is connected to the heater pump, and the output end of the water heater is connected to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger and the heater core through a proportional three-way valve. The input end of the heater pump is connected to one outlet of a four-way valve, and the other outlet of the four-way valve is connected to the engine water jacket. One inlet of the four-way valve is connected to the heater core through a No. 3 switch three-way valve, and the other inlet of the four-way valve is connected to the engine water jacket. The pipe connecting the No. 3 switch three-way valve to the heater core is also connected to the output end of the No. 1 plate heat exchanger.

[0006] The No. 1 plate heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the battery water pump, the battery pack, and the No. 2 plate heat exchanger; the No. 2 plate heat exchanger is connected to the condenser through the No. 2 electronic expansion valve.

[0007] The pipeline connecting the engine water jacket and the other outlet of the four-way valve is connected to one outlet of the three-way valve of switch number one, and the engine water jacket is circulatedly connected to the high-temperature radiator; the inlet of the three-way valve of switch number one is connected to the output end of the intercooler water pump, and the other outlet of the three-way valve of switch number one is connected to the second water-air heat exchanger.

[0008] The input end of the intercooled water pump is connected to the output end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger. The other output end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger is connected to the engine throttle valve. One input end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger is connected to the engine turbocharger. The other input end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger is connected to the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger and the No. 3 three-way valve via the No. 2 switch three-way valve. The input end of the engine turbocharger is connected to the air filter.

[0009] The system also includes a dual-input power take-off and a low-temperature radiator.

[0010] The input end of the dual-input power take-off is connected to the engine drive shaft and the motor drive shaft, and the output end of the dual-input power take-off is connected to the mechanical fan.

[0011] The low-temperature radiator is sequentially connected to the motor water pump and the motor water jacket in a circulating manner.

[0012] The thermal management method for commercial vehicles of the present invention is specifically described as follows:

[0013] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket to the high-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan. All ports of the four-way valve are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0014] During intercooling operation, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger. The No. 1 water-air heat exchanger cools the high-temperature gas pressurized by the engine turbocharger with water. The No. 2 water-air heat exchanger cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger and returns the cooled water to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas.

[0015] When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket to the low-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the motor drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan.

[0016] During battery cooling operation, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor, condenser, and plate heat exchanger No. 2; the water circuit connects plate heat exchanger No. 2 to the battery pack; the electronic expansion valve No. 2 opens, connecting the aforementioned refrigerant pipeline; the battery water circuit is cooled by the refrigerant through plate heat exchanger No. 2; the mechanical fan is driven by the motor drive shaft via a dual-input power take-off, and the speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan.

[0017] For the cab air conditioning operating condition, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor, condenser, and No. 2 plate heat exchanger; the water pipeline connects to the No. 2 plate heat exchanger and the battery pack; when the No. 1 electronic expansion valve is opened, the above refrigerant pipelines are connected; the refrigerant cools the cab air through the evaporator; the mechanical fan is driven by the motor drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off; the speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan.

[0018] For the battery heating-water heater operation, the water circuit connects the water heater and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger, and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger connects to the battery pack; the proportional three-way valve, the No. 3 switch three-way valve, and the four-way valve guide the water circuit, and the heat from the warm air water circuit is exchanged to the water tank water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger.

[0019] For battery heating and engine waste heat operation, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger, and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger to the battery pack. The proportional three-way valve, the No. 3 switch three-way valve, and the four-way valve guide the water circuit, connecting the engine water jacket to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger. The No. 1 plate heat exchanger then exchanges heat from the warm air water circuit to the water tank water circuit.

[0020] For battery heating-intercooling waste heat operation, the water circuit connects to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger. The water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger to the battery pack; the proportional three-way valve, the No. 1 switch three-way valve, the No. 2 switch three-way valve, the No. 3 switch three-way valve, and the four-way valve guide the water circuit, connecting the engine water jacket to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger, and exchanging heat from the heater core water circuit to the water tank water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger.

[0021] For the cab heating-water heater operation, the water circuit connects the water heater and the heater core. The proportional three-way valve, the No. 3 switch three-way valve, and the four-way valve guide the water circuit, and the heater core exchanges the heat of the water circuit to the air in the cab.

[0022] Furthermore, for the combined operating conditions consisting of engine cooling, intercooler cooling, motor cooling, battery cooling, and cab air conditioning operation, the following operations are performed:

[0023] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket to the high-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan. All ports of the four-way valve are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0024] During intercooling operation, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger; the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger cools the high-temperature gas pressurized by the engine turbocharger; the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger, and then returns the cooled water to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas.

[0025] During motor cooling operation, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket to the low-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan.

[0026] During battery cooling operation, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor, condenser, and plate heat exchanger No. 2; the water circuit connects plate heat exchanger No. 2 to the battery pack; the electronic expansion valve No. 2 opens, connecting the aforementioned refrigerant pipeline; the battery water circuit is cooled by the refrigerant through plate heat exchanger No. 2; the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft via a dual-input power take-off, and the speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the mechanical fan speed.

[0027] For cab air conditioning operation, the refrigerant piping connects to the electric compressor, condenser, and No. 2 plate heat exchanger; the water piping connects to the No. 2 plate heat exchanger and the battery pack; with the No. 1 electronic expansion valve open, the above refrigerant piping is connected. The refrigerant cools the cab air through the evaporator; the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft via a dual-input power take-off (PTO); the PTO speed ratio is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the motor drive shaft speed to dynamically control the mechanical fan speed.

[0028] Among them, electronic expansion valve No. 1 and electronic expansion valve No. 2 are opened simultaneously.

[0029] Furthermore, for combined operating conditions consisting of engine cooling, motor cooling, battery heating utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat, and cab air conditioning operation utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat, the following operations shall be performed:

[0030] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket to the high-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan. All ports of the four-way valve are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0031] During motor cooling operation, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket to the low-temperature radiator, and the mechanical fan is driven by the engine drive shaft through a dual-input power take-off. The speed ratio of the dual-input power take-off is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan.

[0032] The battery heating and cab warm air system uses a proportional three-way valve, a No. 1 switch three-way valve, a No. 2 switch three-way valve, a No. 3 switch three-way valve, and a four-way valve to guide the water circuit, connecting the No. 1 plate heat exchanger, the warm air core, the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger, and the engine water jacket water circuit, so that the waste heat from the intercooler and the engine can simultaneously heat the battery water pump and the air in the cab.

[0033] Compared with existing technologies, this invention utilizes the large heat dissipation of the intercooling system in commercial vehicles to increase the use of waste heat from the intercooling system to heat the battery and the driving area; this further reduces heating energy consumption. Simultaneously, a dual-input power take-off (PTO) couples the mechanical fan with the motor and engine drive shaft. The fan operates only when the motor is cooling or the battery needs cooling, and only when the engine needs cooling; this reduces the number of fans, improves system integration, and saves space at the front of the vehicle. Furthermore, considering energy efficiency, the dual-input PTO can be configured with multiple gear ratio adjustment functions, dynamically adjusting the gear ratio based on the heat load and input speed to control the fan to operate at an appropriate speed. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a thermal management system for commercial vehicles.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Electric compressor, 2-Water heater, 3-Heat pump, 4A-Plate heat exchanger No. 1, 4B-Plate heat exchanger No. 2, 5A-Proportional three-way valve, 6-Battery-powered water pump, 7-Battery pack, 8A-Electronic expansion valve No. 1, 8B-Electronic expansion valve No. 2, 9-Evaporator, 10A-Three-way valve No. 1, 10B-Three-way valve No. 2, 10C-Three-way valve No. 3, 11-Heat pump core, 12-Evaporator 13-Engine throttle body, 14A-No. 1 water-air heat exchanger, 14B-No. 2 water-air heat exchanger, 15-Intercooler water pump, 16-Engine turbocharger, 17-Air filter, 18-Engine drive shaft, 19-Motor drive shaft, 20-Dual input power take-off, 21-Mechanical fan, 22-High temperature radiator, 23-Condenser, 24-Low temperature radiator, 25-Motor water pump, 26-Motor water jacket, 27-Four-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] This invention proposes a thermal management system for commercial vehicles, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0038] The input end of the electric compressor 1 is connected to the evaporator 9, and the output end of the electric compressor 1 is connected to the condenser 23; the output end of the condenser 23 is connected to the evaporator 9 through the first electronic expansion valve 8A, and the evaporator 9 is also connected to the second plate heat exchanger 4B.

[0039] The input end of the water heater 2 is connected to the heater pump 3, and the output end of the water heater 2 is connected to the first plate heat exchanger 4A and the heater core 11 respectively through the proportional three-way valve 5A. The input end of the heater pump 3 is connected to one outlet of the four-way valve 27, and the other outlet of the four-way valve 27 is connected to the engine water jacket 12. One inlet of the four-way valve 27 is connected to the heater core 11 through the three-way valve 10C, and the other inlet of the four-way valve 27 is connected to the engine water jacket 12. The pipe connecting the three-way valve 10C and the heater core 11 is also connected to the output end of the first plate heat exchanger 4A.

[0040] Plate heat exchanger 4A is connected in a loop to battery water pump 6, battery pack 7, and plate heat exchanger 4B. Plate heat exchanger 4B is connected to condenser 23 via electronic expansion valve 8B.

[0041] The pipe of the other outlet of the engine water jacket 12 and the four-way valve 27 is connected to one outlet of the three-way valve 10A of the first switch. The engine water jacket 12 is circulatedly connected to the high-temperature radiator 22. The inlet of the three-way valve 10A of the first switch is connected to the output end of the intercooler water pump 15. The other outlet of the three-way valve 10A of the first switch is connected to the second water-air heat exchanger 14B.

[0042] The input end of the intercooler water pump 15 is connected to the output end of the first water-air heat exchanger 14A. The other output end of the first water-air heat exchanger 14A is connected to the engine throttle valve 13. One input end of the first water-air heat exchanger 14A is connected to the engine turbocharger 16. The other input end of the first water-air heat exchanger 14A is connected to the second water-air heat exchanger 14B and the third switch three-way valve 10C respectively through the second switch three-way valve 10B. The input end of the engine turbocharger 16 is connected to the air filter 17.

[0043] The input end of the dual-input power take-off (PTO) 20 is connected to the engine drive shaft 18 and the motor drive shaft, and the output end of the dual-input PTO 20 is connected to the mechanical fan 21.

[0044] The low-temperature radiator 24 is connected in a loop to the motor water pump 25 and the motor water jacket 26 in sequence.

[0045] This invention also proposes a thermal management method for commercial vehicles, as detailed below:

[0046] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket 12 to the high-temperature radiator 22, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20. The speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft 18 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21. All ports of the four-way valve 27 are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0047] During intercooling operation, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger 14B. The No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A cools the high-temperature gas pressurized by the engine turbocharger 16 with water. The No. 2 water-air heat exchanger 14B cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A, and then returns the cooled water to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas.

[0048] When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket 26 to the low temperature radiator 24, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the motor drive shaft 19 through the dual input power take-off 20; the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21.

[0049] During battery cooling operation, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor 1, condenser 23, and plate heat exchanger 4B; the water circuit connects plate heat exchanger 4B to battery pack 7; the electronic expansion valve 8B is opened, and the above-mentioned refrigerant pipeline is connected; the battery water circuit is cooled by refrigerant through plate heat exchanger 4B; the mechanical fan 21 is driven by motor drive shaft 19 through dual input power take-off 20, and the speed ratio of dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of mechanical fan 21.

[0050] For the cab air conditioning operation, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor 1, condenser 23, and plate heat exchanger 4B; the water pipeline connects plate heat exchanger 4B and battery pack 7; the electronic expansion valve 8A is open, and the above refrigerant pipelines are connected; the refrigerant cools the cab air through the evaporator 9; the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the motor drive shaft 19 through the dual input power take-off 20; the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21.

[0051] For the battery heating-water heater 2 working condition, the water circuit connects water heater 2, plate heat exchanger 4A, and battery pack 7; proportional three-way valve 5A, three-way valve 10C, and four-way valve 27 guide the water circuit, and exchange the heat of the warm air water circuit to the water tank water circuit through plate heat exchanger 4A.

[0052] For the battery heating-engine waste heat operation, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket 12 and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A, and the water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A to the battery pack 7. The proportional three-way valve 5A, the No. 3 switch three-way valve 10C, and the four-way valve 27 guide the water circuit, connecting the engine water jacket 12 to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A, and exchanging the heat of the warm air water circuit to the water tank water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A.

[0053] For battery heating-intercooling waste heat operation, the water circuit connects to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A. The water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A to the battery pack 7; the proportional three-way valve 5A, the No. 1 switch three-way valve 10A, the No. 2 switch three-way valve 10B, the No. 3 switch three-way valve 10C, and the four-way valve 27 guide the water circuit, connecting the engine water jacket 12 to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A, and exchanging heat from the heater water circuit to the water tank water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger 4A.

[0054] For the cab heater-water heater 2 working condition, the water circuit connects the water heater 2 and the heater core 11. The proportional three-way valve 5A, the three-way valve 10C with switch 3, and the four-way valve 27 guide the water circuit, and the heater core 11 exchanges the heat of the water circuit to the air in the cab.

[0055] Furthermore, for the combined operating conditions consisting of engine cooling, intercooler cooling, motor cooling, battery cooling, and cab air conditioning operation, the following operations are performed:

[0056] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket 12 to the high-temperature radiator 22, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20. The speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft 18 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21. All ports of the four-way valve 27 are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0057] During intercooling operation, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger 14B. The No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A cools the high-temperature gas pressurized by the engine turbocharger 16 with water. The No. 2 water-air heat exchanger 14B cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A, and then returns the cooled water to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger 14A to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas.

[0058] When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket 26 to the low temperature radiator 24, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20; the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21.

[0059] During battery cooling operation, the refrigerant pipeline connects to the electric compressor 1, condenser 23, and plate heat exchanger 4B; the water circuit connects plate heat exchanger 4B to battery pack 7; the electronic expansion valve 8B is opened, and the above-mentioned refrigerant pipeline is connected; the battery water circuit is cooled by refrigerant through plate heat exchanger 4B; the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20, and the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21.

[0060] For the cab air conditioning system, the refrigerant piping connects to the electric compressor 1, condenser 23, and plate heat exchanger 4B; the water piping connects to plate heat exchanger 4B and battery pack 7; with electronic expansion valve 8A open, the refrigerant piping is connected. The cab air is cooled by refrigerant through evaporator 9; the mechanical fan 21 is driven by engine drive shaft 18 via dual-input power take-off (PTO) 20; the speed ratio of PTO 20 is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the speed of motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of mechanical fan 21.

[0061] Among them, electronic expansion valve 8A (number one) and electronic expansion valve 8B (number two) open simultaneously.

[0062] Furthermore, for combined operating conditions consisting of engine cooling, motor cooling, battery heating utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat, and cab air conditioning operation utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat, the following operations shall be performed:

[0063] When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket 12 to the high-temperature radiator 22, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20. The speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft 18 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21. All ports of the four-way valve 27 are closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit.

[0064] When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket 26 to the low temperature radiator 24, and the mechanical fan 21 is driven by the engine drive shaft 18 through the dual input power take-off 20; the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off 20 is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft 19 to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan 21.

[0065] The battery heating and cab warm air system uses a proportional three-way valve 5A, a first-switch three-way valve 10A, a second-switch three-way valve 10B, a third-switch three-way valve 10C, and a four-way valve 27 to guide water circuits. These circuits connect the first plate heat exchanger 4A, the warm air core 11, the first water-air heat exchanger 14A, and the engine water jacket 12, enabling the intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat to simultaneously heat the battery water pump 6 and the air in the cab.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for commercial vehicles, comprising an electric compressor (1) and a water heater (2), characterized in that: The input end of the electric compressor (1) is connected to the evaporator (9), and the output end of the electric compressor (1) is connected to the condenser (23); the output end of the condenser (23) is connected to the evaporator (9) through the first electronic expansion valve (8A), and the condenser (23) is also connected to the second plate heat exchanger (4B). The input end of the water heater (2) is connected to the warm air pump (3), and the output end of the water heater (2) is connected to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A) and the warm air core (11) respectively through the proportional three-way valve (5A); the input end of the warm air pump (3) is connected to one outlet of the four-way valve (27), the other outlet of the four-way valve (27) is connected to the engine water jacket (12), one inlet of the four-way valve (27) is connected to the warm air core (11) through the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C), and the other inlet of the four-way valve (27) is connected to the engine water jacket (12); the pipe connecting the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C) to the warm air core (11) is also connected to the output end of the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A); The No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A) is sequentially connected to the battery water pump (6), the battery pack (7), and the No. 2 plate heat exchanger (4B); the No. 2 plate heat exchanger (4B) is connected to the condenser (23) through the No. 2 electronic expansion valve (8B). The pipeline of the other outlet of the engine water jacket (12) and the four-way valve (27) is connected to one outlet of the No. 1 switch three-way valve (10A), and the engine water jacket (12) is circulatedly connected to the high-temperature radiator (22); the inlet of the No. 1 switch three-way valve (10A) is connected to the output end of the intercooled water pump (15), and the other outlet of the No. 1 switch three-way valve (10A) is connected to the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B); The input end of the intercooled water pump (15) is connected to the output end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A). The other output end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) is connected to the engine throttle valve (13). One input end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) is connected to the engine turbocharger (16). The other input end of the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) is connected to the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B) and the No. 3 three-way valve (10C) through the No. 2 switch three-way valve (10B). The input end of the engine turbocharger (16) is connected to the air filter (17). The system also includes a dual-input power take-off (20) and a low-temperature radiator (24). The input end of the dual-input power take-off (20) is connected to the engine drive shaft (18) and the motor drive shaft, and the output end of the dual-input power take-off (20) is connected to the mechanical fan (21). The low-temperature radiator (24) is sequentially connected to the motor water pump (25) and the motor water jacket (26).

2. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles using the system described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket (12) and the high-temperature radiator (22), and the mechanical fan (21) is driven by the engine drive shaft (18) through the dual input power take-off (20); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18) to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan (21); The four-way valve (27) is fully closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit. When the intercooling operation is in progress, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B). The No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) cools the high-temperature gas that has been pressurized by the engine turbocharger (16) with water. The No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B) cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) and returns the cooled water to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas.

3. The thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket (26) and the low temperature radiator (24), and the mechanical fan (21) is driven by the motor drive shaft (19) through the dual input power take-off (20); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft (19) to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan (21); When the battery is in cooling mode, the refrigerant pipeline is connected to the electric compressor (1), condenser (23), and plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B); the water circuit is connected to plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B) and battery pack (7); the electronic expansion valve No. 2 (8B) is opened, and the above refrigerant pipeline is connected; the battery water circuit is cooled by refrigerant through plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B); the mechanical fan (21) is driven by motor drive shaft (19) through dual input power take-off (20), and the speed ratio of dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of motor drive shaft (19) to dynamically control the speed of mechanical fan (21).

4. The thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: For the cab air conditioning operating condition, the refrigerant pipeline is connected to the electric compressor (1), condenser (23), and evaporator (9); the No. 1 electronic expansion valve (8A) is opened, and the above refrigerant pipeline is connected; the cab air is cooled by refrigerant through the evaporator (9); the mechanical fan (21) is driven by the motor drive shaft (19) through the dual input power take-off (20); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the speed of the motor drive shaft (19) to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan (21).

5. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: For the battery heating-water heater (2) working condition, the water circuit connects the water heater (2) and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A), and the water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A) and the battery pack (7); the proportional three-way valve (5A), the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C), and the four-way valve (27) guide the water circuit, and exchange the heat of the warm air water circuit to the battery water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A).

6. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: For the battery heating-engine waste heat operation, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket (12) and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A). The water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A) and the battery pack (7). The proportional three-way valve (5A), the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C), and the four-way valve (27) guide the water circuit, connect the engine water jacket (12) and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A), and exchange the heat of the warm air water circuit to the battery water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A).

7. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: For the battery heating-intercooling waste heat operation, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) and the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A); the water circuit connects the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A) and the battery pack (7); the proportional three-way valve (5A), the No. 1 switch three-way valve (10A), the No. 2 switch three-way valve (10B), the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C), and the four-way valve (27) guide the water circuit, connect the engine water jacket (12) to the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A), and exchange the heat of the warm air water circuit to the battery water circuit through the No. 1 plate heat exchanger (4A).

8. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: For the cab heating-water heater (2) working condition, the water circuit connects the water heater (2) and the heating core (11). The proportional three-way valve (5A), the No. 3 switch three-way valve (10C), and the four-way valve (27) guide the water circuit and exchange the heat of the heating water circuit to the cab air through the heating core (11).

9. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: This addresses the combined operating conditions consisting of engine cooling, intercooler cooling, motor cooling, battery cooling, and cab air conditioning operation. When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket (12) and the high-temperature radiator (22), and the mechanical fan (21) is driven by the engine drive shaft (18) through the dual input power take-off (20); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18) to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan (21); The four-way valve (27) is fully closed to disconnect the heater water circuit from the engine cooling water circuit. When the intercooling operation is in progress, the water circuit connects the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) and the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B); the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) cools the high-temperature gas pressurized by the engine turbocharger (16) with water; the No. 2 water-air heat exchanger (14B) cools the hot water after heat exchange in the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A), and the cooled water is sent back to the No. 1 water-air heat exchanger (14A) to continue cooling the pressurized high-temperature gas; When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket (26) and the low temperature radiator (24). The speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18), and the speed of the mechanical fan (21) is dynamically controlled. When the battery is in cooling mode, the refrigerant pipeline is connected to the electric compressor (1), condenser (23), and plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B); the water circuit is connected to plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B) and battery pack (7); the electronic expansion valve No. 2 (8B) is opened, and the above refrigerant pipeline is connected; the battery water circuit is cooled by refrigerant through plate heat exchanger No. 2 (4B); the speed ratio of dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the battery water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18), and the speed of mechanical fan (21) is dynamically controlled; For the cab air conditioning operating condition, the refrigerant pipeline is connected to the electric compressor (1), condenser (23), and evaporator (9); the No. 1 electronic expansion valve (8A) is opened, and the above refrigerant pipeline is connected; the cab air is cooled by the refrigerant through the evaporator (9); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the cab air temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18), and the speed of the mechanical fan (21) is dynamically controlled; Among them, the No. 1 electronic expansion valve (8A) and the No. 2 electronic expansion valve (8B) are opened simultaneously.

10. A thermal management method for commercial vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: This addresses a combination of operating conditions, including engine cooling, motor cooling, battery heating utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat, and cab air conditioning operation utilizing intercooler waste heat and engine waste heat. When the engine is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the engine water jacket (12) and the high-temperature radiator (22), and the mechanical fan (21) is driven by the engine drive shaft (18) through the dual input power take-off (20); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the engine water temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18) to dynamically control the speed of the mechanical fan (21); When the motor is in cooling mode, the water circuit connects the motor water jacket (26) and the low temperature radiator (24); the speed ratio of the dual input power take-off (20) is adjusted according to the motor temperature and the speed of the engine drive shaft (18), and the speed of the mechanical fan (21) is dynamically controlled. The battery heating and cab heating system uses a proportional three-way valve (5A), a first-switch three-way valve (10A), a second-switch three-way valve (10B), a third-switch three-way valve (10C), and a four-way valve (27) to guide the water circuit, connecting the first plate heat exchanger (4A), the heater core (11), the first water-air heat exchanger (14A), and the engine water jacket (12) to achieve simultaneous heating of the battery water circuit and the cab air by the intercooler waste heat and the engine waste heat.

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