A selenium-containing foliar fertilizer that enhances the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale and its application.

Abstract

This invention discloses a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for improving the polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and its application, relating to the field of medicinal plant quality improvement and efficiency enhancement cultivation technology. The selenium-containing foliar fertilizer provided by this invention uses Na2SeO2... 3 4.0–7.0 mg / L and KH2PO 4 It is prepared by dissolving in water at a concentration of 100.0-200.0 mg / L. The Na₂SeO₃ and KH₂PO₄ are commercially available chemically pure or analytically pure compounds. Preferably, the dosage of the two compounds in the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is: Na₂SeO₃... 3 6.0 mg / L, KH2PO 4 150.0 mg / L. Based on routine management, the above-mentioned selenium-containing foliar fertilizer was applied to the leaves in October-November of the harvest year in South China and in September-October of the harvest year in the Yangtze River Basin. The application rate was 40-60 L per acre, sprayed once every 20 days, for a total of 3 applications. Using this selenium-containing foliar fertilizer significantly increased the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale stems. For varieties with low polysaccharide content, the increase could be as high as 100% or more. This application can fundamentally eliminate the influence of variety, origin, and cultivation environment on the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale, thereby ensuring the high quality and stability of its medicinal products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultivation technology for improving the quality and efficiency of medicinal plants, specifically to a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer that enhances the polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Polysaccharides are active ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines and health-promoting plants. They have the effects of enhancing immune activity, antiviral activity, anticancer activity, lowering blood sugar, beautifying the skin, inhibiting and delaying aging, anti-allergic reaction, and reducing the side effects of commonly used immunosuppressants (such as cytotoxicity, decreased body's ability to fight infection, and inhibition of bone marrow hematopoietic cell proliferation). They have a wide range of applications in clinical medicine and the food industry.

[0003] Dendrobium officinale is a traditional and precious Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use. It has the effects of nourishing yin and clearing heat, benefiting the stomach and promoting the production of body fluids, and moistening the lungs and relieving cough. It has been regarded by famous doctors throughout history as a top-grade medicine that "nourishes the five internal organs, relieves weakness and emaciation, strengthens yin, thickens the intestines and stomach, and promotes longevity." It is known as the "first of the nine immortal herbs" and has been recorded in ancient herbal texts. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) listed it as a superior herb, and the Daoist classic *Daozang* (Daoist Canon) listed it as the first of the nine great immortal herbs of China. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* also described *Dendrobium officinale* as a sacred medicine with the effect of "lightening the body and prolonging life." It is easily absorbed by the body, nourishes the whole body, allows all organs to function smoothly, moisturizes the skin, and promotes blood circulation. After a period of time, it can even help people get rid of illness and regain youthful radiance. Sun Simiao, the ancient Chinese "King of Medicine," used *Dendrobium officinale* many times to treat patients on the verge of death. Therefore, *Dendrobium officinale* is known in my country as the "first of the nine great immortal herbs" and the "life-saving immortal herb," ​​and there is a saying among the people: "Ginseng in the north, Dendrobium officinale in the south." Modern medical research shows that *Dendrobium officinale* has effects such as enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation, promoting digestion, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood pressure, and anti-tumor effects. It has clear therapeutic effects on throat diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and geriatric diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases; in particular, in recent years, it has been used to eliminate the side effects of cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy and to restore physical strength, with very obvious effects. Due to the significant medical and health benefits of Dendrobium officinale, the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China included Dendrobium officinale as a separate item; in the 2021 National Health Commission's "List of Medicinal and Edible Sources", Dendrobium officinale was included as a newly added medicinal and edible plant.

[0004] Polysaccharides are an important indicator for evaluating the quality of Dendrobium officinale medicinal materials. Various editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia require that the polysaccharide content of its dried stems should not be less than 25%. Studies have shown that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides play important roles in enhancing immunity, inhibiting tumors, resisting cell mutation, anti-inflammation, antiviral activity, lowering blood sugar, anti-oxidation, and anti-aging. Currently, it is commonly used in clinical medicine as an adjuvant therapy for malignant tumors. It can improve the symptoms of cancer patients, reduce the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, enhance immunity, and improve quality of life, showing good efficacy in cancer treatment and adjuvant therapy. Therefore, increasing the polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale is of great significance for ensuring the clinical efficacy of this medicinal material.

[0005] Dendrobium officinale is one of the rare and precious medicinal materials with a relatively large market capacity in my country. Through decades of development, the total planting area in my country is approximately 80,000 mu (about 5,333 hectares). However, in the process of promoting new varieties, we have found that the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale products produced from different strains, different cultivation sites of the same strain, different growers of the same strain in the same cultivation site, or different cultivation years fluctuates significantly. Furthermore, the polysaccharide content of our newly bred varieties, even under the same cultivation environment, varies greatly in some years, exceeding the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (38%-39%), while in other years it falls below the requirements (16%-17%), indicating extremely unstable quality. This problem greatly affects the quality and clinical efficacy of Dendrobium officinale medicinal products. To obtain high-quality and stable Dendrobium officinale products and ensure their clinical efficacy, it is necessary to develop simple, easily promoted, and applicable technical measures and methods that can stably increase the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale and can be applied to cultivation and production.

[0006] Previous researchers have conducted extensive studies in this area. Currently, we have found 4 authorized patents and nearly 20 patents that have been accepted but not yet authorized. Although the reported methods can increase the polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale to some extent, some require high-level equipment, some have complex components and methods and are cumbersome to operate, and some do not significantly increase the polysaccharide content, making it impossible to apply them on a large scale in production practice. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To eliminate the influence of factors such as origin, cultivation and management methods on the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale and solve the problem of unstable product quality, this invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer and its application method in the field. After use, it significantly increases the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale stems, thereby ensuring the stability of the quality and clinical efficacy of Dendrobium officinale medicinal products.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer that enhances the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale. The selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is prepared by dissolving Na2SeO3 4.0-7.0 mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0-200.0 mg / L in water. The Na2SeO3 and KH2PO4 are commercially available chemically pure or analytically pure compounds. Preferably, the amounts of the two compounds in the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer are: Na2SeO3 6.0 mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0 mg / L.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention also provides an application of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer to enhance the polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale, including a method for applying the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer and a method for harvesting Dendrobium officinale after applying the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer.

[0011] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that the application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer includes, on the basis of the conventional water and fertilizer management of Dendrobium officinale, spraying the leaves in October-November of the harvest year in South China and in September-October of the harvest year in the Yangtze River Basin, at the end of the Dendrobium officinale growing season, with an application rate of 40-60L per mu, spraying once every 20 days, and applying continuously for 2-3 times.

[0012] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that the method for harvesting Dendrobium officinale after applying selenium-containing foliar fertilizer includes that Dendrobium officinale can only be harvested at least one month after spraying.

[0013] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer: the amount of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer applied each time is 50L / mu, sprayed once every 20 days, and applied continuously for 3 times.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer can be applied in the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale to improve quality and efficiency.

[0015] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer can be used to improve the quality of mature stems of Dendrobium officinale, namely the content of mature stem polysaccharides.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for improving polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale and its application. Applying this selenium-containing foliar fertilizer during the later stages of the Dendrobium officinale growing season not only significantly increases the polysaccharide content of mature stems and improves product quality, but also has a certain yield-enhancing effect. The selenium-containing foliar fertilizer provided by this invention can increase the average polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale stems by 43.44%-109.55%, the mannose content by 11.22%-14.63%, and the fresh stem yield by 6.01%-9.91% in different varieties of Dendrobium officinale. The increase in polysaccharide content is even more significant for varieties with low polysaccharide content. The method provided by this invention fundamentally solves the problem of unstable medicinal material quality caused by factors such as origin, variety, and cultivation management that are common in Dendrobium officinale cultivation.

[0018] 2. This invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for enhancing polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale and its application. Applying Na₂SeO₃ during the later stages of Dendrobium officinale growth can significantly increase polysaccharide content, especially when applying Na₂SeO₃ at concentrations above 7.0 mg / L. While this results in the largest increase in stem polysaccharide content, it can negatively impact Dendrobium officinale growth and stem yield. However, adding an appropriate amount of KH₂PO₄, with its phosphorus (P) element, promotes better photosynthesis and stimulates root development, leading to thicker and stronger stems and enhanced resistance to pests and diseases. This, in turn, ensures polysaccharide accumulation and stem yield in Dendrobium officinale.

[0019] 3. This invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer that enhances the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale and its application. The potassium element in KH2PO4 is known as an element for stress resistance and disease resistance, which can enhance the plant's drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance. At the same time, potassium is also known as a "transporter", which can promote a variety of metabolic reactions in plants, promote the absorption of water by the roots, promote photosynthesis and polysaccharide synthesis, and promote the transport of photosynthetic products to storage organs (stems). In the middle and late stages of crop growth, it can slow down the senescence process of crops and ensure the normal growth and stem yield of Dendrobium officinale in the later stages of the growing season. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of Yunnan Dendrobium officinale after foliar fertilizer application according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of Dendrobium officinale from Guilin, Guangxi, after foliar fertilizer application according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of Dendrobium officinale from Zhejiang Province that has just been fertilized with foliar fertilizer according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of Yunnan Dendrobium officinale after the application of the foliar fertilizer of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of Dendrobium officinale from Guilin, Guangxi, after the application of the foliar fertilizer according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of Dendrobium officinale from Zhejiang after the application of the foliar fertilizer of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments:

[0028] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer that enhances the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale; the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is prepared by dissolving Na2SeO3 4.0-7.0 mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0-200.0 mg / L in water; preferably, the amounts of the two compounds in the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer are: Na2SeO3 6.0 mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0 mg / L.

[0029] The foliar fertilizer of this invention contains 4.0-7.0 mg / L Na2SeO3, preferably 6.0 mg / L. Na2SeO3 has a significant effect on increasing the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale, and the increase can be as high as 100% or more for varieties with low polysaccharide content, with the increase being particularly significant.

[0030] The foliar fertilizer of this invention contains 100.0-200.0 mg / L of KH2PO4, preferably 150.0 mg / L. The phosphorus (P) in the KH2PO4 of this foliar fertilizer promotes better photosynthesis in plants, stimulates root development, promotes stem growth and thickening, enhances resistance to pests and diseases, and thus increases crop yield. Phosphorus (K) is known as a stress-resistance and disease-resistant element, enhancing plant resistance to drought, cold, and disease. It also acts as a "transporter," promoting various metabolic reactions in plants, including photosynthesis and polysaccharide synthesis, and facilitating the transport of photosynthetic products from leaves to storage organs. Furthermore, it can slow down the senescence process of crops in the middle and late stages of growth. Therefore, applying an appropriate amount of KH2PO4 can delay the senescence process of Dendrobium officinale and promote the transport of polysaccharides from leaves to stems, thereby increasing stem yield to a certain extent.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for applying selenium-containing foliar fertilizer. Based on conventional water and fertilizer management of *Dendrobium officinale*, foliar spraying is applied in October-November of the harvest year in South China and September-October of the harvest year in the Yangtze River basin. The application rate is 40-60 L / mu each time, sprayed once every 20 days, for a total of 3 applications. Preferably, the application rate of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is 50 L / mu each time, sprayed once every 20 days, for a total of 3 applications. The increase in polysaccharide content and vegetative growth of *Dendrobium officinale* are two opposing processes. This invention avoids the peak growth period of *Dendrobium officinale*, namely April-August each year, in terms of application time.

[0032] This invention also provides a method for harvesting Dendrobium officinale after applying selenium-containing foliar fertilizer; fresh stems of Dendrobium officinale can only be harvested at least one month after spraying. Harvesting one month after spraying not only ensures the effectiveness of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer in increasing the content of polysaccharides, but also allows sufficient time for inorganic selenium to be converted into organic selenium.

[0033] This invention provides a technique for increasing the selenium-containing leaf area of ​​polysaccharides in medicinal plants and its application in Dendrobium officinale. This invention can be used for the quality and efficiency enhancement of medicinal plants whose active ingredient is polysaccharides.

[0034] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the selenium-containing leaf area and its application technology provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 4.0mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0037] 2) Spraying targets: Three species of Dendrobium officinale from Yunnan, Guangxi and Zhejiang that have been transplanted into greenhouses for 18 months.

[0038] 3) Spraying time, location and method: In Guilin area, apply once every 20 days between October and November of the harvest year. If it rains, apply 2 to 3 days earlier or later, and apply 3 times consecutively.

[0039] 4) Spraying rate: 40L / mu.

[0040] 5) Harvesting: After spraying 3 times, harvest at the end of January of the following year, one month after the first application.

[0041] 6) Polysaccharide content determination: After drying and pulverizing mature stems of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide and mannose contents were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography according to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I (Medicinal Materials and Processed Pieces); and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 1.

[0043] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 4.0+100.0 45.69 22.98 1.78 Guilin 4.0+100.0 45.63 22.68 1.91 Zhejiang 4.0+100.0 46.89 22.43 1.53

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0046] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 5.0mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0047] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 2.

[0049] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 5.0+100.0 46.59 23.98 1.77 Guilin 5.0+100.0 46.66 22.08 1.92 Zhejiang 5.0+100.0 47.82 22.48 1.52

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0052] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 6.0mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0053] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0054] Table 3. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 3.

[0055] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+100.0 48.04 22.46 1.75 Guilin 6.0+100.0 48.16 22.36 1.88 Zhejiang 6.0+100.0 48.86 22.02 1.52

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0058] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 7.0mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0059] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0060] Table 4. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 4.

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Example 5

[0064] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0065] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 4.0mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0066] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0067] Table 5. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 5.

[0068] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 4.0+150.0 47.68 21.97 1.85 Guilin 4.0+150.0 46.06 21.76 1.93 Zhejiang 4.0+150.0 47.78 23.43 1.65

[0069] Example 6

[0070] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0071] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 5.0mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0072] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0073] Table 6. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 6.

[0074] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 5.0+150.0 48.78 22.12 1.83 Guilin 5.0+150.0 48.27 21.86 1.92 Zhejiang 5.0+150.0 48.80 22.82 1.64

[0075] Example 7

[0076] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0077] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 6.0mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0078] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0079] Table 7. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 7.

[0080] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.96 22.58 1.81 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.78 21.98 1.90 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.97 22.46 1.64

[0081] Example 8

[0082] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0083] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 7.0mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0084] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0085] Table 8. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 8.

[0086] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 7.0+150.0 49.86 22.46 1.75 Guilin 7.0+150.0 49.76 21.60 1.85 Zhejiang 7.0+150.0 49.87 21.36 1.58

[0087] Example 9

[0088] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0089] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 4.0mg / L and KH2PO4 200.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0090] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0091] Table 9. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 9.

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Example 10

[0095] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0096] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 5.0mg / L and KH2PO4 200.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0097] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0098] Table 10. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 10.

[0099] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 <!-- 6 -->]]> Yunnan 5.0+200.0 48.87 22.24 1.86 Guilin 5.0+200.0 48.35 21.86 1.92 Zhejiang 5.0+200.0 48.93 21.56 1.66

[0100] Example 11

[0101] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0102] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 6.0mg / L and KH2PO4 200.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0103] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0104] Table 11. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 11.

[0105] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+200.0 49.96 21.87 1.85 Guilin 6.0+200.0 49.82 22.03 1.90 Zhejiang 6.0+200.0 49.97 22.45 1.63

[0106] Example 12

[0107] Repeat Example 1, except that:

[0108] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 7.0mg / L and KH2PO4 200.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0109] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0110] Table 12. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 12.

[0111] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 7.0+200.0 49.96 22.23 1.81 Guilin 7.0+200.0 49.56 22.48 1.88 Zhejiang 7.0+200.0 49.98 22.56 1.55

[0112] Example 13

[0113] 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 6.0mg / L and KH2PO4 150.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0114] 2) Spraying targets: Three species of Dendrobium officinale from Yunnan, Guangxi and Zhejiang that have been transplanted into greenhouses for 18 months.

[0115] 3) Spraying time, location and method: In Guilin area, apply once every 20 days between October and November of the harvest year. If it rains, apply 2 to 3 days earlier or later, and apply 3 times consecutively.

[0116] 4) Spraying rate: 50L / mu.

[0117] 5) Harvesting: After spraying 3 times, harvest at the end of January of the following year, one month after the first application.

[0118] 6) Polysaccharide content determination: After drying and pulverizing mature stems of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide and mannose contents were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, referring to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I (Medicinal Materials and Processed Pieces). The yield of fresh stems per square meter was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 13.

[0119] Table 13. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 13.

[0120] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.96 22.58 1.82 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.78 21.98 1.92 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.97 22.46 1.54

[0121] Example 14

[0122] Repeat Example 13, except that:

[0123] Step 4) Spraying rate: 60L / acre.

[0124] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 14.

[0125] Table 14. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 14.

[0126] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.68 22.52 1.83 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.16 22.21 1.93 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.96 22.38 1.55

[0127] Example 15

[0128] Repeat Example 13, except that:

[0129] Step 5) Harvesting: After three applications of spraying, harvest at the end of February of the following year, with an interval of two months. The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was measured, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 15.

[0130] Table 15. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 15.

[0131] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.62 22.55 1.86 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.36 22.03 1.94 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.90 22.33 1.55

[0132] Example 16

[0133] Repeat Example 13, except that:

[0134] Step 5): After spraying 3 times, harvest at the end of March of the following year, which is 3 months later.

[0135] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 16.

[0136] Table 16. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 16.

[0137] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.68 22.66 1.85 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.65 22.74 1.91 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.98 22.68 1.52

[0138] Example 17

[0139] Repeat Example 13, except that:

[0140] Step 3) Spraying time, location, and method: The foliar fertilizer was sprayed in Hezhou, Guangxi. The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was measured, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 17.

[0141] Table 17. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 17.

[0142] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.93 22.76 1.81 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.80 21.87 1.93 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.88 22.64 1.52

[0143] Example 18

[0144] Repeat Example 13, except that:

[0145] Step 3) Spraying time, location and method: The spraying location for foliar fertilizer is changed to Shexian County, Anhui Province.

[0146] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table 18.

[0147] Table 18. Polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Example 18

[0148] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 6.0+150.0 49.95 22.12 1.83 Guilin 6.0+150.0 49.23 21.32 1.94 Zhejiang 6.0+150.0 49.96 22.19 1.53

[0149] Comparative Example 1

[0150] 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 3.0mg / L and KH2PO4 50.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0151] 2) Spraying targets: Three species of Dendrobium officinale from Yunnan, Guangxi and Zhejiang that have been transplanted into greenhouses for 18 months.

[0152] 3) Spraying time, location and method: In Guilin area, apply once every 20 days between October and November of the harvest year. If it rains, apply 2 to 3 days earlier or later, and apply 3 times consecutively.

[0153] 4) Spraying rate: 50L / mu.

[0154] 5) Harvesting: After three applications, harvest at the end of January of the following year, one month after the application.

[0155] 6) Polysaccharide content determination: After drying and pulverizing mature stems of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide and mannose contents were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, referring to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I (Medicinal Materials and Processed Pieces). The yield of fresh stems per square meter was also calculated. The results are shown in Table C1.

[0156] Table C1 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 1.

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Comparative Example 2

[0160] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0161] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out two medicines according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 2.0mg / L and KH2PO4 50.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0162] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C2.

[0163] Table C2 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 2.

[0164] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 2.0+50.0 41.72 21.01 1.76 Guilin 2.0+50.0 41.11 22.52 1.84 Zhejiang 2.0+50.0 42.35 22.33 1.47

[0165] Comparative Example 3

[0166] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0167] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 1.0mg / L and KH2PO4 50.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0168] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C3.

[0169] Table C3 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 3.

[0170] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 1.0+50.0 38.95 20.07 1.78 Guilin 1.0+50.0 38.96 21.88 1.86 Zhejiang 1.0+50.0 40.73 21.07 1.50

[0171] Comparative Example 4

[0172] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0173] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 3.0mg / L and KH2PO4 30.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to prepare the fertilizer.

[0174] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C4.

[0175] Table C4 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 4.

[0176] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 3.0+30.0 43.24 21.42 1.73 Guilin 3.0+30.0 43.27 22.36 1.82 Zhejiang 3.0+30.0 44.36 22.12 1.45

[0177] Comparative Example 5

[0178] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0179] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 2.0mg / L and KH2PO4 30.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0180] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C5.

[0181] Table C5 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 5.

[0182] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 2.0+30.0 41.56 21.33 1.70 Guilin 2.0+30.0 41.78 22.30 1.80 Zhejiang 2.0+30.0 42.01 22.23 1.43

[0183] Comparative Example 6

[0184] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0185] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 1.0mg / L and KH2PO4 30.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0186] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C6.

[0187] Table C6 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 6.

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Comparative Example 7

[0191] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0192] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two chemicals according to the mass concentrations of Na2SeO3 3.0mg / L and KH2PO4 10.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0193] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C7.

[0194] Table C7 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 7.

[0195] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 3.0+10.0 43.35 21.92 1.78 Guilin 3.0+10.0 43.60 21.58 1.81 Zhejiang 3.0+10.0 44.41 21.87 1.42

[0196] Comparative Example 8

[0197] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0198] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 2.0mg / L and KH2PO4 10.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0199] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C8.

[0200] Table C8 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 8.

[0201] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 2.0+10.0 41.55 21.67 1.71 Guilin 2.0+10.0 41.68 21.56 1.78 Zhejiang 2.0+10.0 42.21 21.63 1.41

[0202] Comparative Example 9

[0203] Repeat Comparative Example 1, but with the following differences:

[0204] Step 1) Selenium-containing foliar fertilizer formula and preparation method: Weigh out the two medicines according to the mass concentration of Na2SeO3 1.0mg / L and KH2PO4 10.0mg / L, and dissolve them in water to make the product.

[0205] The content of stem polysaccharides and mannose was determined, and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was calculated. The results are shown in Table C9.

[0206] Table C9 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 9.

[0207] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 1.0+10.0 39.33 20.98 1.70 Guilin 1.0+10.0 39.47 21.67 1.78 Zhejiang 1.0+10.0 40.33 21.33 1.42

[0208] Comparative Example 10

[0209] 1) Use clean water that does not contain Na2SeO3 and KH2PO4 instead of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for spraying.

[0210] 2) Spraying targets: Three species of Dendrobium officinale from Yunnan, Guangxi and Zhejiang that have been transplanted into greenhouses for 18 months.

[0211] 3) Spraying time, location and method: In Guilin area, apply once every 20 days between October and November of the harvest year. If it rains, apply 2 to 3 days earlier or later, and apply 3 times consecutively.

[0212] 4) Spraying rate: 50L / mu.

[0213] 5) Harvesting: After spraying 3 times, harvest at the end of January of the following year, one month after the first application.

[0214] 6) Polysaccharide content determination: After drying and pulverizing mature stems of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide and mannose contents were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography according to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I (Medicinal Materials and Processed Pieces); and the yield of fresh stems per square meter was also calculated. The results are shown in Table C10.

[0215] Table C10 shows the polysaccharide and mannose content and fresh stem yield of Dendrobium officinale strains from different sources in Comparative Example 10.

[0216] germplasm source <![CDATA[Na2SeO3+KH2PO4(mg / L)]]> Polysaccharide content % mannose content % <![CDATA[Fresh stem yield kg / m 2 > Yunnan 0+0 23.38 20.17 1.70 Guilin 0+0 27.67 19.67 1.80 Zhejiang 0+0 34.33 19.56 1.43

[0217] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for improving Dendrobium candidum polysaccharide, characterized in that: The application relates to a selenium-containing foliar fertilizer application method and a Dendrobium officinale harvesting method using the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer; ​ The selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is prepared by dissolving Na2SeO3 4.0-7.0 mg / L and KH2PO4 100.0-200.0 mg / L in water, wherein the Na2SeO3 and KH2PO4 are commercially available chemical pure or analytically pure compounds; The application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: on the basis of conventional water and fertilizer management of Dendrobium officinale, foliar spraying is carried out on Dendrobium officinale in the South China area in October-November of the harvesting year or in the Yangtze River basin area in September-October of the harvesting year at the end of the growth season, the application amount is 40-60 L per mu, spraying is carried out once every 20 days, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 2-3 times. The harvesting method of Dendrobium officinale using the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: Dendrobium officinale can be harvested at least one month after spraying, and in the application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer, the application amount of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is 50 L per mu each time, spraying is carried out once every 20 days, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 3 times.

2. The application of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for improving Dendrobium candidum polysaccharide, characterized in that: The application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is applied to Dendrobium officinale quality improvement and efficiency increase cultivation.

3. The application of selenium-containing foliar fertilizer for improving Dendrobium candidum polysaccharide, characterized in that: The application method of the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is applied to improving mature stem quality of Dendrobium officinale, that is, improving the content of mature stem polysaccharide and mannose.

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