Method for evaluating damage degree of chilo suppressalis and unmanned aerial vehicle using the same

Abstract

The application provides a method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis and a UAV using the method, and comprises the following steps: data model establishment; dividing the observed early rice field into several blocks averagely; performing different pest control treatments on each small block of the early rice field; taking photos by the UAV to obtain the green light and red light ratio of each small block of the early rice field; adopting parallel jumping sampling method, calculating the dead heart rate of each small block of the early rice field according to the formula: dead heart rate = dead heart number / total number of investigated plants*100%; obtaining the linear relationship function of the green light and red light ratio and the dead heart rate through data analysis software; obtaining the green light and red light ratio of each small block of the early rice field through UAV photo shooting; and obtaining the dead heart rate by inputting the green light and red light ratio obtained in step two into the linear relationship function of the green light and red light ratio and the dead heart rate, so that the operator can simply and quickly obtain the damage situation of Chilo suppressalis and the pesticide control effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis and a UAV using the method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chilo suppressalis belongs to Lepidoptera and Pyralidae, and is one of the most serious and common pests in rice in China. It causes withered sheaths and dead seedlings in the tillering stage, and insect-damaged plants and white panicles in the heading stage, generally reducing the yield by 3% to 5%, and even more than 30% in severe cases. It is distributed in all rice areas in China, and is more widely distributed than the rice stem borer and the rice borer, but mainly occurs in the rice areas south of the Yangtze River. In recent years, the number of Chilo suppressalis has shown a significant upward trend. In addition to rice, Chilo suppressalis can also damage water bamboo, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rape, broad beans, wheat, and weeds such as reed, barnyard grass, and Lee grass.

[0003] Agricultural technology extension departments and pesticide manufacturers often conduct field trials on pesticides for controlling Chilo suppressalis, and evaluate the control effect. The early rice dead heart rate is a key parameter for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis and the control effect of pesticides. At present, the investigation mainly relies on manual sampling investigation, and the sampling method is important. The investigation work is laborious and complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and there is a certain subjectivity. Moreover, there is a shortage of technical personnel at the grassroots level. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis and a UAV using the method, which has the characteristics that the operator can simply and quickly obtain the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis and the control effect of pesticides.

[0005] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, data model establishment;

[0008] S1, early rice field model establishment;

[0009] S2, dividing the observed early rice field into several blocks;

[0010] S3, different pest control treatments are performed on each small block of early rice field;

[0011] S4, taking a photo of the early rice field at a height of 120 m by a UAV to obtain an RGB image.

[0012] S5, obtaining the average green light value and the average red light value of each small area in the digital image by the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software;

[0013] S6, the average green light value and the average red light value in S5 are subjected to ratio processing to obtain a green light to red light ratio of each plot;

[0014] S7, a parallel jump sampling method is used to select 9 points on each early rice field plot, 5 clusters are investigated horizontally at each point, and the number of dead hearts in 45 clusters of early rice selected is recorded;

[0015] S8, according to the formula: dead heart rate = dead heart number / total number of plants investigated x 100%, the dead heart rate of each early rice field plot is calculated;

[0016] S9, the data of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate in each early rice field are arranged, and a linear relationship function of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate is obtained through data analysis software;

[0017] Step two, the early rice field is photographed at 120m high by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the green light to red light ratio of each plot in the digital image is obtained by the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software;

[0018] Step three, the green light to red light ratio obtained in step two is substituted into the linear relationship function of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate to obtain the dead heart rate.

[0019] Further, in step S1, seedlings are grown in the greenhouse on April 10, and are transplanted by mechanical transplanting method on May 3, with a planting density of 180,000 plants / hm 2 .

[0020] Further, in step S2, the early rice field is divided into 48 plots, each with an area of 10m x 6.3m.

[0021] Further, in step S3, different pesticides are applied at different times during the key period of Chilo spp. control, and different damage degree plot samples are artificially established, including 44 plot samples treated with pesticides and 4 plot samples not treated with pesticides, a total of 48 plot samples, randomly arranged, each test plot with an area of 10m x 6.3m.

[0022] Further, the first pesticide application date is June 6, which is the peak period of egg hatching of the first and second generations of Chilo spp.; the second pesticide application date is June 15, which is 9 days apart from the first pesticide application time, which is the peak period of 1st and 2nd instar larvae of the first generation of Chilo spp.

[0023] Further, after step S5, a YAMA YH880 (4LZ-3.5A) full-feeding rice-wheat combine harvester is used for harvesting, the wet grain weight of each plot is measured, and the moisture content of the harvested early rice is measured by randomly sampling with a grain moisture meter (PM-8188-A).

[0024] Further, according to the formula:

[0025] The net yield of the plot = (1 - moisture content) / 0.855 * the wet weight of the plot;

[0026] Yield (Kg·hm -2 ) = net yield of the plot / plot area * 10000;

[0027] The yield value of each plot can be obtained.

[0028] After arranging the data of the ratio of green light to red light and yield in each early rice field, a linear relationship function of the ratio of green light to red light and yield is obtained through data analysis software.

[0029] A kind of unmanned plane, including unmanned plane body, two support legs are fixedly connected on unmanned plane body, one support rod is installed on the both ends of support leg, one support plate is ball-connected on the lower end face of support rod, adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of support rod on support leg is arranged between support leg and support rod.

[0030] Further, the adjusting mechanism includes a mounting ring mounted on the support leg, an adjusting plate fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting ring, an adjusting hole opened in the adjusting plate, and two support nuts threadedly connected to the outer wall of the support rod, one end of the support rod is slidingly connected in the adjusting hole, and the two support nuts are respectively abutted on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjusting plate.

[0031] Further, a recovery mechanism for conveniently recovering the support rod is arranged between the mounting ring and the support leg, the recovery mechanism includes a recovery torsional spring sleeved on the outer wall of the support leg, both ends of the recovery torsional spring are fixedly connected to the end face of the mounting ring and the outer wall of the support leg, a through hole is opened in the outer wall of the mounting ring, a recovery rod is slidingly connected in the through hole, an embedding groove is opened in the outer wall of the support leg, one end of the recovery rod is embedded in the embedding groove, the recovery rod is vertically arranged, a stop ring is fixedly connected to the other end of the recovery rod, a recovery spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the recovery rod, both ends of the recovery spring are fixedly connected to the stop ring and the outer wall of the mounting ring, a connecting rope is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the stop ring, one end of the connecting rope is fixedly connected to a counterweight, the gravity of the counterweight is greater than the sum of the restoring force of the recovery spring and the frictional force between the recovery rod and the inner wall of the embedding groove, and the gravity of the counterweight is less than the restoring force of the torsional spring.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0033] 1、The application establishes a data model in advance, selects early rice fields, divides the early rice fields, then carries out different treatments on each area of the early rice fields, takes photos of the early rice fields by the unmanned aerial vehicle, obtains the green light and red light ratio of each small area, then calculates the dead heart rate of each small area by artificial sampling, obtains the relationship between the green light and red light ratio and the dead heart rate, subsequently takes photos of the rice fields to be evaluated by the unmanned aerial vehicle, obtains the green light and red light ratio, and substitutes into the data model to obtain the corresponding dead heart rate, so that the operator can obtain the degree of damage of the dipterous pest in a simple and quick manner, calculates the dead heart rate of the control area and the dead heart rate of the pesticide treatment area by the data model, and compares the two to obtain the pesticide control effect.

[0034] 2、The application establishes the relationship between the green light and red light ratio and the yield in advance, the operator can take photos of the rice field by the unmanned aerial vehicle, obtain the average value of the green light and red light ratio of the rice field, then substitute into the data model to obtain the approximate yield of the rice field, so that the technician can estimate the yield of the early rice field after the damage of the dipterous pest in a relatively quick manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the application.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism in the embodiment of the application.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the recycling mechanism in the embodiment of the application.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a relationship diagram of the green light and red light ratio and the dead heart rate in the embodiment of the application.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a relationship diagram of the green light and red light ratio and the yield in the embodiment of the application.

[0040] The figure mark: 1, unmanned aerial vehicle body; 2, supporting leg; 3, supporting rod; 4, supporting plate; 5, adjusting mechanism; 6, mounting ring; 7, adjusting plate; 8, adjusting hole; 9, supporting nut; 10, recycling mechanism; 11, recycling torsional spring; 12, through hole; 13, recycling rod; 14, embedding groove; 15, blocking ring; 16, recycling spring; 17, connecting rope; 18, counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is a specific embodiment of the application and further describes the technical solution of the application in combination with the drawings, but the application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0042] As Figure 1As shown, a method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step one, data model establishment;

[0044] S1, early rice field model establishment, seedling in a greenhouse on April 10, transplanting by mechanical transplanting method on May 3, planting density is 180,000 plants / hm 2 .;

[0045] S2, the observed early rice field is divided into several blocks by averaging, and the early rice field is divided into 48 small areas, each with an area of 10m*6.3m;

[0046] S3, different pest control treatments are carried out on each small block of early rice field, different pesticides are applied at different times during the key period of Chilo suppressalis control, and different damage degree sample plots are artificially established, wherein 44 sample plots are treated with pesticides and 4 sample plots are not treated with pesticides, a total of 48 sample plots, randomly arranged, each test plot has an area of 10m*6.3m, the first pesticide application date is June 6, which is the peak period of the first generation of Chilo suppressalis egg hatching; the second pesticide application date is June 15, which is 9 days apart from the first pesticide application date, which is the peak period of the first generation of Chilo suppressalis 1,2 larvae;

[0047] S4, taking pictures of the early rice field at a height of 120m by using a UAV to obtain RGB images.

[0048] S5, obtaining the average green light value and the average red light value of each small area in the digital image by using the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software;

[0049] S6, processing the average green light value and the average red light value in S5 by ratio to obtain the green light to red light ratio of each small area;

[0050] S7, using parallel jumping sampling method, selecting 9 points on each small block of early rice field, investigating 5 clusters horizontally at each point, and recording the number of dead hearts in 45 clusters of early rice selected;

[0051] S8, calculating the dead heart rate of each small block of early rice field according to the formula: dead heart rate = dead heart number / total number of plants investigated*100%;

[0052] S9, arranging the data of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate in each early rice field, and obtaining the linear relationship function of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate by using data analysis software;

[0053] S10, using Yangma YH880 (4LZ-3.5A) full feeding rice-wheat combine harvester to harvest, measuring the wet grain weight of each plot, using grain moisture meter (PM-8188-A) to randomly sample the early rice after harvesting to determine the water content;

[0054] According to the formula:

[0055] Plot net yield = (1-water content) / 0.855 x plot wet grain weight;

[0056] Yield (Kg·hm -2 ) = plot net yield / plot area x 10000;

[0057] The yield value of each plot can be obtained.

[0058] The data of red light value and yield in each early rice field are sorted out, and the linear relationship function of red light value and yield is obtained through data analysis software.

[0059] Step two, take pictures of early rice fields at 120m high by unmanned aerial vehicle, and get the green light and red light ratio of each plot in digital image through the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software;

[0060] Step three, according to the green light and red light ratio obtained in step two, the linear relationship function of green light and red light ratio and yield is obtained, and the yield is obtained according to the green light and red light ratio obtained in step two.

[0061] The following is the prevention and treatment data of each plot: plot 1

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[0157] As Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown in the linear relationship derived from the plot of the ratio of green to red light versus the rate of wilting, R 2The value was 0.818, and the RMSE value was 7.769. In statistics, R... 2 The coefficient of determination reflects the proportion of the total variation of the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variable through a regression relationship. RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), also known as standard error, is the square root of the ratio of the square of the deviation between the predicted and true values ​​to the number of observations, n. In actual measurements, the number of observations n is always finite, and the true value can only be replaced by the most reliable (best) value. RMSE is highly sensitive to very large or very small errors in a set of measurements; therefore, it effectively reflects the precision of the measurement. This is precisely why standard error is widely used in engineering surveying.

[0158] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a drone includes a drone body 1, on which a wireless transmitter and a digital high-definition camera are provided. Two legs 2 are fixedly connected to the drone body 1. The legs 2 are U-shaped and their openings face the drone body 1. A support rod 3 is installed on each end of the legs 2. The support rod 3 is vertically arranged. A support plate 4 is ball-jointed on the lower end face of the support rod 3. The support plate 4 supports the ground. An adjustment mechanism 5 is provided between the legs 2 and the support rod 3 for adjusting the position of the support rod 3 on the legs 2.

[0159] Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 5 includes a mounting ring 6, which is mounted on the outer wall of the support leg 2. An adjustment plate 7 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting ring 6. An adjustment hole 8 is opened on the adjustment plate. The upper end of the support rod 3 is slidably connected in the adjustment hole 8. Two support nuts 9 are threadedly connected to the outer wall of the upper end of the support rod 3. The two support nuts 9 abut against the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment plate 7 respectively.

[0160] Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, in order to facilitate the operator to put the support rod 3 away, the mounting ring 6 is coaxially connected on the outer wall of the supporting leg 2, and a recovery mechanism 10 is arranged between the mounting ring 6 and the supporting leg 2. The recovery mechanism 10 comprises a recovery torsion spring 11, the recovery torsion spring 11 is sleeved on the outer wall of the supporting leg 2, and the two ends of the recovery torsion spring 11 are fixedly connected to the end face of the mounting ring 6 and the outer wall of the supporting leg 2 respectively. A through hole 12 is arranged on the outer wall of the mounting ring 6, and an embedding groove 14 is arranged on the outer wall of the supporting leg 2 and faces downward. A recovery rod 13 is slidably connected in the through hole 12, one end of the recovery rod 13 is fixedly connected with a stop ring 15, a recovery spring 16 is sleeved on the outer wall of the recovery rod 13, and the two ends of the recovery spring 16 are fixedly connected to the stop ring 15 and the outer wall of the mounting ring 6 respectively. Under the action of the recovery force of the recovery spring 16, one end of the recovery rod 13 is embedded in the embedding groove 14. When the one end of the recovery rod 13 is embedded in the embedding groove 14, the recovery rod 13 is vertically arranged. A connecting rope 17 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the stop ring 15, and a counterweight 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rope 17. The counterweight 18 is placed on the ground. The gravity of the counterweight 18 is greater than the sum of the recovery force of the recovery spring 16 and the friction between the recovery rod 13 and the inner wall of the embedding groove 14, and the gravity of the counterweight 18 is less than the recovery force of the torsion spring. When the unmanned aerial vehicle is to be taken off, the operator places the unmanned aerial vehicle on the ground, rotates the mounting ring 6 so that the adjusting plate 7 is in a horizontal position, inserts one end of the recovery rod 13 into the embedding groove 14, adjusts the support nut 9 according to the ground condition so that the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1 is in a horizontal position, and after the position is adjusted, the unmanned aerial vehicle can be taken off. After the unmanned aerial vehicle is taken off, under the action of the counterweight 18, one end of the recovery rod 13 is separated from the embedding groove 14, and under the action of the recovery force of the torsion spring, the mounting ring 6 rotates, and the support rod 3 and the support plate 4 move to between the two supporting legs 2.

[0161] The specific embodiments described herein merely exemplify the spirit of the present application. Those skilled in the art of the present application can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar ways to replace them without departing from the spirit of the present application or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0162] Although the same or similar terms are used frequently herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the present application; any interpretation of them as any kind of additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the extent of damage by Chilo suppressalis, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: Step one, data model establishment; S1, Waseda model establishment; S2, the test early rice field is divided into several plots on average; S3, different pest control treatments are carried out on each plot of early rice field; S4, the early rice field is photographed at a height of 120m by a UAV, and an RGB image is obtained; S5, the average green light value and the average red light value of each plot in the digital image are obtained by the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software; S6, the average green light value and the average red light value in S5 are processed by ratio, and the green light to red light ratio of each plot is obtained; S7, parallel jumping sampling method is adopted, 9 points are selected on each early rice field plot, 5 clusters are investigated horizontally at each point, and the number of dead hearts in 45 clusters of early rice selected is recorded; S8, according to the formula: dead heart rate = dead heart number / total number of plants investigated × 100%, the dead heart rate of each early rice field plot is calculated; S9, the data of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate in each early rice field plot are sorted out, and the linear relationship function of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate is obtained through data analysis software; Step two, the early rice field to be evaluated is photographed at a height of 120m by a UAV, and the green light to red light ratio in the digital image is obtained by the "histogram program" of Adobe Photoshop software; Step three, the dead heart rate is obtained by substituting the green light to red light ratio obtained in step two into the linear relationship function of green light to red light ratio and dead heart rate.

2. The method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo plejadellus according to claim 1, wherein, In S1 step, seedling raising was carried out in the greenhouse on April 10, and transplanting was carried out by mechanical transplanting method on May 3, and the planting density was 180,000 plants / hm2.

3. The method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo spp. according to claim 1, wherein, In S2 step, the early rice field is divided into 48 plots, each with an area of 10m×6.3m.

4. The method for evaluating the damage degree of Chilo spp. according to claim 1, wherein, In S3 step, different pesticides are applied at different times during the key period of Chilo suppressalis control, and different damage degree plot samples are artificially established, including 44 pesticide treated plots and 4 non-pesticide treated plots, a total of 48 plots, randomly arranged, each test plot with an area of 10m×6.3m.

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