Fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated culture mode and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated breeding mode and preparation method thereof, and the specific component and weight fraction of feed are as follows: imported fish meal 5 parts, soybean meal 22 parts, chicken meal 8 parts, peanut kernel cake 10 parts, rapeseed meal 10 parts, wheat flour 31.95 parts, soybean protein concentrate 5 parts, soybean oil 4 parts, vitamin C polyphosphate 0.1 part, choline chloride (50%) 0.2 part, premix (compound vitamins and compound minerals) 1 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, lysine hydrochloride (78%) 0.35 part, methionine (99%) 0.2 part, threonine (98%) 0.2 part, compound probiotics 0.01 part, compound Chinese herbal medicine 0.2-2 parts.The base feed is mixed with strain activation liquid uniformly, then bagged, fermented moisture is regulated to 35%, and placed at room temperature for 5-7 days at 25 DEG C to obtain fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated breeding mode.The application adds compound probiotics and compound Chinese herbal medicine, which has the advantages of promoting fish growth, improving feed utilization, improving muscle quality and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of freshwater fish farming technology, and in particular to a fermented herbal feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Rice-fish integrated farming is a novel, multi-layered agricultural development model that organically combines rice cultivation with aquaculture, thereby improving the overall production capacity of both rice and aquatic products. With its continuous development, this model has evolved into a diversified farming system, primarily based on rice-fish, rice-crab, and rice-shrimp farming, supplemented by other models. Currently, the rice-fish integrated farming industry faces challenges such as low resource utilization, poor infrastructure, low technological levels, and low industry integration. Among these challenges, the limited food sources for rice-farmed fish and low aquatic product yields are among the most pressing issues requiring resolution. A solution lies in developing specialized formulated feeds suitable for rice-fish integrated farming to improve both the yield and quality of aquatic products.

[0003] Probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are considered as antibiotic alternatives and strategies for green development in aquaculture, and are research hotspots in the aquaculture field. The application of probiotics and TCM in rice-fish integrated farming is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the industry. Probiotics and TCM can promote the growth of aquatic animals, enhance immunity, regulate the balance of intestinal flora, inhibit pathogens, and improve muscle quality through multiple mechanisms of action. Compared with the direct application of TCM, the advantages of using probiotics to ferment TCM are obvious: (1) it maximizes the release of the effective components of TCM and improves the level of effective drugs; (2) it transforms the effective active components that cannot be directly utilized by the body into small molecule active substances, promoting the body's absorption; (3) microbial metabolism produces new substances, further changing the drug properties; (4) microbial metabolites can improve the nutritional composition of feed and regulate intestinal health. Fermentation promotes the synergistic effect of probiotics and TCM. However, the following problems exist when fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed is applied to the field of rice-fish integrated farming: (1) the combination of probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines is varied, which makes it difficult to accurately evaluate the effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines; (2) there is no unified standard for the preparation of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed, and its preparation process will affect the application effect of the feed; (3) there is very little research on the application of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed in rice-fish integrated farming, and it is difficult to develop fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming model.

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings, a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming and its preparation method are urgently needed in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention first discloses a fermented herbal feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming, the specific components and their weight proportions as follows:

[0008] 5 parts imported fishmeal, 22 parts soybean meal, 8 parts chicken meal, 10 parts peanut cake, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 31.95 parts wheat flour, 5 parts soy protein concentrate, 4 parts soybean oil, 0.1 parts vitamin C polyphosphate, 0.2 parts choline chloride (50% effective substance content), 1 part premix (compound vitamins and minerals), 2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 parts lysine hydrochloride (78% effective substance content), 0.2 parts methionine (99% effective substance content), 0.2 parts threonine (98% effective substance content), 0.01 parts compound probiotics, and 0.2-2 parts compound traditional Chinese medicine.

[0009] Furthermore, the compound probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Clostridium butyricum to Enterococcus faecalis is 1-3:1-3.

[0011] Furthermore, the compound Chinese herbal medicine includes: 50 parts licorice, 30 parts astragalus, and 20 parts red ginseng extract.

[0012] Furthermore, the premix includes compound vitamins and compound minerals, and is an omnivorous fish compound premix (model: 6111) provided by Guangdong Chengyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0013] This invention also discloses a method for preparing fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming, comprising:

[0014] S1. Preparation of compound traditional Chinese medicine

[0015] Licorice and astragalus are pulverized separately and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder. Then, licorice, astragalus and red ginseng extract are mixed in a certain proportion to obtain compound Chinese herbal medicine.

[0016] S2. Preparation of basic feed

[0017] Take 5 parts imported fish meal, 22 parts soybean meal, 8 parts chicken meal, 10 parts peanut cake, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 31.95 parts wheat flour, 5 parts soybean protein concentrate, 4 parts soybean oil, 0.1 parts vitamin C polyphosphate, 0.2 parts choline chloride (effective substance content 50%), 1 part premix (complex vitamins and complex minerals), 2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 parts lysine hydrochloride (effective substance content 78%), 0.2 parts methionine (effective substance content 99%), and 0.2 parts threonine (effective substance content 98%), mix them, put them into an extruder to granulate, and after granulation, put them in an oven at 80℃ for 50-60 minutes to dry until the moisture content is <10%, which is the basic feed.

[0018] S3. Preparation of bacterial activation solution

[0019] Mix 0.01 parts of compound probiotics, 0.02 parts of sugar, 0.03 parts of milk powder, 30 parts of water, and 0.2-2 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, and then incubate at 28-35℃ for 12 hours to obtain the activated bacterial solution.

[0020] S4. Preparation of Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine Feed

[0021] After mixing the basic feed and the microbial activation solution evenly, pack them into bags, adjust the fermentation moisture content to 35%, and let them ferment at room temperature of 25°C for 5-7 days to obtain fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed.

[0022] Further, the compound probiotics mentioned in step S3 include Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3. This invention also discloses a fermented herbal feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming, prepared according to any of the above preparation methods.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] This invention improves upon previous aquatic feeds by employing a nutritionally complete basic feed formula, appropriate proportions of compound Chinese herbal medicines and compound probiotics, and a suitable fermentation method for preparing herbal feeds. This addresses the technical shortcomings of previous aquatic feeds in rice-fish integrated farming models, such as slow fish growth, low feed utilization efficiency, urgent need to improve fish muscle quality, and lack of specialized compound feeds suitable for rice-fish integrated farming models. Ultimately, it achieves the technical effects of promoting fish growth, improving feed utilization, and enhancing muscle quality. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the experimental aquaculture pond used in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the muscle texture parameters of *Hehua carp*. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited by the following embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The impact of fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed on the growth and muscle quality of rice-fish intercropping

[0030] Experimental feed

[0031] The experiment was divided into two groups, with commercially available compound feed for rice paddy carp (Nanning Haida Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) serving as the control group. Based on the control group feed, fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed (experimental group) was prepared. The preparation process is as follows: 1) Preparation of bacterial activation solution. Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis were mixed in a specific ratio to prepare compound probiotics; licorice and astragalus were pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder. Then, licorice, astragalus, and red ginseng extract were mixed in a specific ratio to obtain compound traditional Chinese medicine, comprising: 50 parts licorice, 30 parts astragalus, and 20 parts red ginseng extract; 0.01 parts compound probiotics, 0.02 parts sugar, 0.03 parts milk powder, 30 parts water, and 2 parts compound traditional Chinese medicine were mixed and then incubated at 28-35℃ for 12 hours to obtain the bacterial activation solution; 2) Preparation of fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed. Commercially available rice paddy carp feed and microbial activation solution were mixed evenly, packaged, and fermented to a moisture content of 35%. The mixture was then allowed to ferment at 25°C for 5-7 days to obtain fermented herbal feed. This fermented herbal feed was a collaborative project between South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Zhongke Antibiotic-Free Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. The nutritional composition of the two feed groups is shown in Table 1, and the amino acid composition of the control group feed is shown in Table 2.

[0032] Table 1 Nutritional composition of feed

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Note: The detection methods for crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash in feed were in accordance with GB / T 6432-2018, GB / T6433-2006 (Total Fat in Category B), and GB / T 6438-2007, respectively, and were performed by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd. Moisture content was determined using the atmospheric pressure drying method (oven, 105℃) at the experimental platform of the Department of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University.

[0036] Table 2 Amino acid composition of control group feed

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] Note: The detection method for amino acids in feed refers to the oxidative hydrolysis method in GB / T 18246-2019 "Determination of Amino Acids in Feed", and the testing was completed by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.

[0040] Experimental design and aquaculture management

[0041] The experimental rice paddy carp juveniles were purchased from Qingyuan Lvzhiyuan Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., and the breeding experiment was conducted at the research base of South China Agricultural University in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou. The formal experimental breeding ponds are shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the total area is 25m². 2 15m rice planting area 2 Rice paddy carp breeding area 7.5m 2 Two hundred and forty healthy rice paddy carp of similar size and with an average initial weight of approximately 6.90 ± 0.05 g were randomly assigned to six rearing ponds and divided into two groups of 40 fish each, with three replicates per group. The control group was fed commercially available rice paddy carp feed, while the experimental group was fed fermented herbal feed. The rearing period was 76 days. Apparently full fish were fed twice daily, at 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature of the rearing water were measured using a YSI water quality analyzer, and total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were measured using a Dinghai fully automatic freshwater water quality analyzer. During the rearing period, the water temperature was maintained at 22-32℃, dissolved oxygen concentration at 3.03-8.93 mg / L, total ammonia nitrogen < 0.21 mg / L, and nitrite nitrogen < 0.04 mg / L.

[0042] Sample collection

[0043] At the end of the culture trial, 24 hours after feeding was stopped, the total weight of the fish in each pond was weighed and the number of fish was recorded. Four fish were randomly selected from each pond to determine the texture parameters of the muscle. The instrument used for the test was a texture analyzer (model Universal TA, Shanghai Tengba Instrument Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0044] Data Computing

[0045] The formulas for calculating growth performance-related indicators are as follows:

[0046] Initial average weight (g fish) -1 )

[0047] Final average weight (g per fish) -1 )

[0048] Weight gain rate (%) = 100 × (Final average weight of fish - Initial average weight of fish) / Initial average weight of fish

[0049] Specific growth rate (%day) -1= 100 × [LN(Final Average Fish Weight) - LN(Initial Average Fish Weight)] / Number of Experimental Days Feed Coefficient = Feed Amount (Dry Weight) / (Final Total Fish Weight - Initial Total Fish Weight + Weight of Dead Fish)

[0050] Survival rate (%) = 100 × final number of tails / initial number of tails

[0051] Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistical 20.0 (IBM, New York, USA) software. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the significance of differences in means (P < 0.05).

[0052] Test results

[0053] As shown in Table 3, after the 76-day breeding experiment, the final average weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of the fermented herbal medicine feed group were higher than those of the control group, while the feed conversion ratio was lower, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, compared with the control group, the feed conversion ratio of the fermented herbal medicine feed group decreased by 29.63%.

[0054] Table 3. Results of Growth Performance Analysis of Hehua Carp

[0055]

[0056] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3).

[0057] The results of the analysis of muscle texture parameters of *Hehua carp* are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and resilience of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed group (experimental group) were all higher than those of the control group. Among them, the hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness of the former were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).

[0058] Based on the above research results, compared with commercially available compound feed for rice paddy carp, fermented herbal medicine feed can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of rice paddy carp, and significantly improve muscle quality. Considering cost, the proportion of compound herbal medicine added can be appropriately reduced, the feeding method of fermented herbal medicine can be improved, and the feed formulation can be optimized.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The Influence of Different Feeds on the Growth and Muscle Quality of Rice-Fish Intercropping

[0061] Experimental feed

[0062] As shown in Table 4, the basic experimental feed (control group) was prepared. The feed preparation and processing were completed at Guangzhou Chengyi Aquaculture Co., Ltd., and the extruded feed for rice carp (control group) was prepared. Based on the control group feed, fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed (experimental group 1 and experimental group 2) was prepared. The production process is as follows: 1) Preparation of bacterial activation solution. Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis were mixed in proportion to prepare compound probiotics; licorice and astragalus were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder. Then, licorice, astragalus and red ginseng extract were mixed in proportion to obtain compound traditional Chinese medicine. The compound traditional Chinese medicine included: 50 parts of licorice, 30 parts of astragalus, and 20 parts of red ginseng extract; 0.01 parts of compound probiotics, 0.02 parts of sugar, 0.03 parts of milk powder, 30 parts of water, and 0.2 parts (experimental group 1) or 0.4 parts (experimental group 2) of compound traditional Chinese medicine were mixed and then cultured at 28-35℃ for 12 hours to obtain bacterial activation solution; 2) Preparation of fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed. After mixing the control group feed and the microbial activation solution evenly, the mixture was bagged, the fermentation moisture content was adjusted to 35%, and the mixture was allowed to ferment at room temperature of 25°C for 5-7 days to obtain fermented herbal feed (experimental group 1 and experimental group 2). Compared with the commercial rice paddy carp compound feed in Example 1, the crude protein and crude fat levels of the self-made compound feed were similar (as shown in Table 5), but the total amount of essential amino acids and total amino acids were slightly reduced (as shown in Table 6).

[0063] Table 4. Feed composition for the basic test (control group)

[0064] feed ingredients Number of weights Imported fishmeal 5 copies soybean meal 22 copies Chicken powder 8 copies Peanut cakes 10 copies rapeseed meal 10 copies wheat flour 31.95 copies Soy protein concentrate 5 copies Soybean oil 4 copies Vitamin C polyphosphate 0.1 copies Choline chloride (50%) 0.2 copies Premixed feed (multivitamins and minerals) 1 copy calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2 copies Lysine hydrochloride (78%) 0.35 copies Methionine (99%) 0.2 copies Threonine (98%) 0.2 copies Compound Chinese herbal medicine 0 copies Compound probiotics 0 copies

[0065] Note 1) The feed ingredients are sourced from Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0066] 2) The premix is ​​provided by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd. The composition information per kg of premix is ​​as follows: Vitamin A acetate, ≥300,000 IU; Vitamin D3, ≥150,000 IU; dl-α-tocopherol acetate, ≥4,000 mg; Nicotinamide menadione bisulfite (calculated as menadione), ≥400 mg; Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1), ≥780 mg; Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), ≥830 mg; Pyridoxine nicotinic acid (Vitamin B6), ≥620 mg; Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B2), ≥620 mg; 12), ≥1.5mg; inositol, ≥4,000mg; L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (calculated as L-ascorbic acid), ≥11,000mg; nicotinamide, ≥3,000mg; D-calcium pantothenate, ≥1,700mg; folic acid, ≥130mg; D-biotin, ≥8mg; copper, ≥450mg; iron, ≥3,500mg; manganese, ≥850mg; zinc, ≥6,800mg; iodine, ≥120mg; selenium, ≥35mg; cobalt, ≥100mg; ethoxyquinoline, 0-4,500mg; butylated hydroxytoluene, 0-1,500mg; the carrier is zeolite powder and rice husk powder.

[0067] Table 5. Nutritional levels of the experimental feeds (dry matter %)

[0068] project control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Moisture (%) 9.66 31.23 30.45 Crude protein (%), dry weight 39.58 39.93 39.66 Crude fat (%), dry weight 8.13 8.12 7.97 Coarse ash content (%), dry weight 7.70 7.83 7.77

[0069] Note: The detection methods for crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash in feed were in accordance with GB / 5009.5-2016, GB / T6433-2006 (Category B Total Fat), and GB / 5009.4-2016, respectively, and were performed by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd. Moisture content was determined using the atmospheric pressure drying method (oven, 105℃) at the experimental platform of the Department of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University.

[0070] Table 6 Amino acid composition of the experimental diet

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Note: The detection method for amino acids in feed refers to the oxidative hydrolysis method in GB / T 18246-2019 "Determination of Amino Acids in Feed", and the testing was completed by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.

[0074] Experimental design and aquaculture management

[0075] The rice paddy carp used in the experiment were purchased from Qingyuan Lvzhiyuan Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., and the breeding experiment was conducted at the research base of South China Agricultural University in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou. The breeding ponds in the formal experiment were the same as those in Example 1. Figure 1 As shown, the total area is 25m². 2 15m rice planting area 2 Rice paddy carp breeding area 7.5m 2Forty-fivety healthy, similarly sized, and averaging initial weight of approximately 24.95 ± 0.13 g rice flower carp were selected and randomly assigned to nine rearing ponds. They were further divided into three groups: a self-made formulated feed (control group), a fermented herbal feed (experimental group 1), and a fermented herbal feed (experimental group 2), with three replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. The rearing period was 10 weeks. Apparently full fish were fed twice daily, at 8:30 AM and 5:30 PM. During the rearing period, the water temperature was maintained at 26-36℃, dissolved oxygen concentration at 3.18-9.15 mg / L, total ammonia nitrogen < 0.9 mg / L, and nitrite nitrogen < 0.06 mg / L.

[0076] The feeding methods in this experiment are as follows: The control group was fed self-made compound feed (basic experimental feed) throughout the entire process; for experimental groups 1 and 2, the corresponding fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed was used continuously for the first 20 days of the breeding experiment. After 20 days, fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed was used for 1 day every 5 days; in the last month before the end of the breeding experiment, fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed was used for 1 day every 2 days.

[0077] Sample collection

[0078] After the culture experiment, the fish were starved for 24 hours, and the number and weight of each replicate of *Hemiberlesia javanica* were counted. Seven fish were randomly collected from each replicate and sampled after being anesthetized with MS-222. Three fish were used for routine nutrient composition analysis of the whole fish, and four fish were used for analysis of muscle texture characteristics, routine nutrient composition, and amino acid composition.

[0079] In addition, the yields of each paddy field are as follows: the average yield per mu of the control group was 494.12±69.19 (415.79 kg / mu, 519.65 kg / mu and 546.91 kg / mu respectively); the average yield per mu of experimental group 1 was 498.43±69.36 (560.73 kg / mu, 423.7 kg / mu and 510.86 kg / mu); the average yield per mu of experimental group 2 was 501.20±29.20 kg (469.74 kg / mu, 527.43 kg / mu and 506.43 kg / mu).

[0080] Data Analysis

[0081] All results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. SPSS Statistical 20.0 (IBM, New York, USA) was used to analyze all data. One-way ANOVA was performed on all experimental groups. First, the homogeneity of variance was tested. If homogeneity was indicated, one-way ANOVA was performed, and Tukey's method was used to test the significance of differences in means (significance level: P < 0.05). If non-homogeneous variance was indicated, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used for nonparametric testing.

[0082] The formulas for calculating growth performance-related indicators are as follows:

[0083] Initial average weight (g fish) -1 )

[0084] Final average weight (g per fish) -1 )

[0085] Weight gain rate (%) = 100 × (Final average weight of fish - Initial average weight of fish) / Initial average weight of fish

[0086] Specific growth rate (%day) -1 = 100 × [LN(Final Average Fish Weight) - LN(Initial Average Fish Weight)] / Number of Experimental Days Feed Coefficient = Feed Amount (Dry Weight) / (Final Total Fish Weight - Initial Total Fish Weight + Weight of Dead Fish)

[0087] Survival rate (%) = 100 × final number of tails / initial number of tails

[0088] Test results

[0089] Growth performance results

[0090] As shown in Table 7, the final average weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of experimental groups 1 and 2 were higher than those of the control group, while the feed conversion ratios were lower, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the control group, the feed conversion ratios of experimental groups 1 and 2 decreased by 18.49% and 13.01%, respectively.

[0091] Table 7. Results of Growth Performance Analysis of Hehua Carp

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).

[0095] Results of muscle texture properties

[0096] As shown in Table 8, compared with the control group, fermented herbal feed significantly improved the hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and chewiness of rice carp (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in reversion among the groups (P>0.05).

[0097] Table 8. Analysis results of muscle texture characteristics of different groups of rice flower carp

[0098] project control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 p-value Hardness (gf) <![CDATA[97.07±4.59 a ]]> <![CDATA[154.32±7.58 c ]]> <![CDATA[137.31±4.95 b ]]> 0.000 elasticity <![CDATA[0.24±0.04 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.35±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.31±0.02 b ]]> 0.003 Cohesiveness <![CDATA[0.41±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.45±0.02 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.43±0.02 ab ]]> 0.044 Adhesion (gf) <![CDATA[41.82±2.37 a ]]> <![CDATA[68.83±3.25 c ]]> <![CDATA[58.38±0.75 b ]]> 0.000 Chewing properties (gf) <![CDATA[10.56±2.28 a ]]> <![CDATA[24.64±2.26 c ]]> <![CDATA[18.18±0.44 b ]]> 0.000 responsive 0.65±0.07 0.57±0.01 0.61±0.03 0.144

[0099] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Different letters after the values ​​in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0100] Body composition analysis results of Hehua carp

[0101] As shown in Table 9, for the conventional nutritional components of whole fish, there were no significant differences among the groups in terms of moisture, crude protein, and crude fat (P > 0.05). However, the crude ash content of experimental group 1 was significantly higher than that of experimental group 2 (P < 0.05). For the conventional nutritional components of muscle, the fermented herbal feed significantly increased the crude protein and crude fat content of muscle (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on moisture and crude ash content (P > 0.05).

[0102] Table 9. Analysis results of body components of different groups of Hehua carp

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Values ​​in the same row with different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Except for muscle, which was dried using a freeze dryer, the routine nutritional components of the whole fish and muscle were determined using the AOAC (1995) method, as follows: Moisture content was measured in an oven at 105℃ until constant weight; crude protein content was calculated by multiplying the nitrogen content in the sample by a coefficient of 6.25 after determining the nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl method; crude fat content was determined using a Soxhlet extractor; and crude ash content was determined by calcining in a muffle furnace at 550℃ until constant weight.

[0106] Results of muscle amino acid composition analysis

[0107] As shown in Table 10, the fermented herbal feed group had slightly higher levels of essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids than the control group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05).

[0108] Table 10 Results of muscle amino acid composition analysis

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Values ​​in the same row with different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The determination of amino acids in feed was performed using the oxidative hydrolysis method as per GB / T 18246-2019, "Determination of Amino Acids in Feed," and was conducted by Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.

[0112] Based on the above research results, compared with the control group, fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of rice paddy carp, significantly increase muscle protein and fat levels, and improve muscle quality.

[0113] In summary, this invention incorporates compound Chinese herbal medicines and compound probiotics, which improves the growth performance and feed utilization of rice paddy carp, and enhances the muscle quality of rice paddy carp.

[0114] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming, comprising: (1) Preparation of basic feed: Take 5 parts imported fish meal, 22 parts soybean meal, 8 parts chicken meal, 10 parts peanut cake, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 31.95 parts wheat flour, 5 parts soybean protein concentrate, 4 parts soybean oil, 0.1 parts vitamin C polyphosphate, 0.2 parts choline chloride, 1 part premix, 2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 parts lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 parts methionine, and 0.2 parts threonine, mix them, put them into an extruder to pellet, dry them, and obtain the basic feed; (2) Preparation of compound Chinese herbal medicines: 50 parts of licorice and 30 parts of astragalus were pulverized separately and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder; the Chinese herbal medicine powder was mixed with 20 parts of red ginseng extract to obtain compound Chinese herbal medicine for later use. (3) Preparation of bacterial activation solution: Mix 0.01 parts of compound probiotics, 0.02 parts of sugar, 0.03 parts of milk powder, 30 parts of water, and 0.2-2 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, and then incubate at 28-35℃ for 12 hours to obtain the activated bacterial solution for later use. (4) Preparation of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed: After thoroughly mixing the basic feed and the microbial activation solution, package the mixture, adjust the fermentation moisture content to 35%, and allow it to ferment at room temperature (25℃) for 5-7 days to obtain fermented herbal feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming; wherein: The compound probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The drying temperature in step (1) is 80℃, the drying time is 50-60 min, and the moisture content is dried to <10%.

3. A fermented herbal feed suitable for rice-fish integrated farming model, prepared by the method according to claim 1 or 2.

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