Active air inlet grille control method and device, vehicle, medium and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to an active air inlet grille control method and device, a vehicle, a medium and a program product, and the method comprises the steps that current environment information and actual working condition information of the vehicle are obtained; according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information, the energy consumption income amount of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increment of the heat management system are calculated; and the driving working condition of the vehicle in the preset duration is predicted, and the target opening degree of the active air inlet grid is generated based on the energy consumption income amount, the energy consumption increment, the actual temperature of each assembly part of the vehicle and the driving working condition, so that the active air inlet grid is controlled to be opened to the target opening degree. Therefore, the problems that a control method in the related technology cannot play the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air-inlet grille, a good control strategy cannot be effectively made in the face of complex environments and working conditions, the control requirement of the active air-inlet grille is difficult to meet, precision is poor, and the use feeling and viscosity of a user are not high are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a control method, device, vehicle, medium and program product for an active air intake grille. Background Art

[0002] Energy consumption is one of the important performance parameters of electric vehicles. There are many factors that affect it, such as curb weight, drag coefficient, rolling resistance coefficient, power system efficiency, etc. Among them, the drag coefficient has a great impact on energy consumption, especially under high-speed driving conditions. The use of active air intake grilles can effectively improve vehicle wind resistance. When the air intake grille in front of the vehicle is closed, the air resistance encountered by the vehicle will be significantly reduced, improving the energy consumption of the entire vehicle. However, the closure of the active air intake grille may cause the heat dissipation load of the vehicle power system to be unable to be met, which will cause the assembly to overheat. At the same time, for vehicles with heat pump air conditioning systems, the insufficient heat dissipation capacity may increase the energy consumption of the thermal management system, but it will not play a role in energy saving.

[0003] In the related technologies, the control of the opening and closing of the active air intake grille is based on experience or test data, and the main consideration is that the vehicle power system has no risk of overheating: when the heat dissipation demand load is not large, the air intake grille is closed; when the heat dissipation demand load of the vehicle power system is large, the air intake grille is kept open to ensure that energy saving is achieved as much as possible without overheating the thermal management system.

[0004] However, the control method in the related technology is mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, and cannot give full play to the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille. In addition, it is unable to effectively formulate a better control strategy when facing the more complex environment and working conditions during vehicle driving. It is difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille, and the accuracy is also lacking. The user experience and stickiness are not high, which needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a control method, device, vehicle, medium and program product for an active air intake grille to solve the problems that the control method in the related art is mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, cannot exert the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille, cannot effectively make a better control strategy when facing the more complex environment and working conditions during vehicle driving, and is difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille. It also lacks accuracy and has low user experience and stickiness.

[0006] A first aspect of the present application provides a method for controlling an active air intake grille, comprising the following steps: acquiring current environmental information and actual operating condition information of a vehicle; calculating the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the energy consumption increase of a thermal management system based on the current environmental information and the actual operating condition information; predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration, and generating a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

[0007] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can calculate the energy consumption benefits of reduced wind resistance and the increased energy consumption of the thermal management system, and generate the target opening of the active air intake grille in combination with the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the predicted driving conditions. As a result, it is achieved by establishing a wind resistance energy consumption impact model and a thermal management system energy consumption impact model under different environments and conditions to design an active air intake grille control strategy with the best energy-saving effect. By comprehensively considering various influencing factors, the accuracy of the active air intake grille control strategy is effectively improved. The driving conditions of future roads can also be predicted through a relatively simple prediction method, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect of the control method.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption gain of the wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system are calculated based on the current environmental information and the actual operating condition information, including: calculating the energy consumption gain based on the frontal area of ​​the vehicle, the current air density, the actual vehicle speed and the corresponding wind resistance coefficient; calculating the energy consumption increase based on the thermal management system of the vehicle, the current temperature and the actual vehicle speed.

[0009] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can calculate the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system based on the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient, thermal management system and current temperature. Through comprehensive consideration of various aspects, the accuracy of the calculation results of the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be effectively improved.

[0010] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the target opening of the active air intake grille is generated based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, including: when the current ambient temperature in the current environmental information is less than a first temperature threshold, generating a first target opening of the active air intake grille; when the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, calculating the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain, so as to generate a second target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference.

[0011] Through the above technical means, the embodiment of the present application can comprehensively generate the first target opening and the second target opening of the active air intake grille based on the current ambient temperature, the first and second temperature thresholds, the calculated energy consumption increase and energy consumption benefit and their differences and other information in the current environmental information of the vehicle, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy of the generated active air intake grille target opening.

[0012] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the generating the target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition further includes: generating a third target opening of the active air intake grille when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a second temperature threshold; and calculating the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold to generate a fourth target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference. When the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold, generating a fifth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the driving condition.

[0013] Through the above technical means, the embodiment of the present application can generate a more detailed control target opening of the active air intake grille based on the actual temperature of the vehicle's assembly components in combination with the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, thereby effectively meeting the control requirements of the active air intake grille while ensuring the heat dissipation requirements of the vehicle's assembly components and the thermal safety of the components.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration includes: acquiring current navigation information of the vehicle; and predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration based on the current navigation information.

[0015] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can predict the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future, so as to combine the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future and the temperature of the vehicle's assembly components, the energy consumption benefits of reduced wind resistance, the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, etc. to jointly generate the target opening of the active air intake grille. Predicting the driving conditions of future roads through a relatively simple prediction method helps to improve the precision control of the active air intake grille, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect and application scope of the control method.

[0016] A second aspect of the present application provides a control device for an active air intake grille, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring current environmental information and actual operating condition information of a vehicle; a calculation module for calculating the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the energy consumption increase of a thermal management system based on the current environmental information and the actual operating condition information; a control module for predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration, and generating a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

[0017] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can calculate the energy consumption benefits of reduced wind resistance and the increased energy consumption of the thermal management system, and generate the target opening of the active air intake grille in combination with the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the predicted driving conditions. As a result, it is achieved by establishing a wind resistance energy consumption impact model and a thermal management system energy consumption impact model under different environments and conditions to design an active air intake grille control strategy with the best energy-saving effect. By comprehensively considering various influencing factors, the accuracy of the active air intake grille control strategy is effectively improved. The driving conditions of future roads can also be predicted through a relatively simple prediction method, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect of the control method.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the calculation module includes: a first calculation unit, used to calculate the energy consumption benefit based on the frontal area of ​​the vehicle, the current air density, the actual vehicle speed and the corresponding drag coefficient; a second calculation unit, used to calculate the energy consumption increase based on the thermal management system of the vehicle, the current temperature and the actual vehicle speed.

[0019] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can calculate the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system based on the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient, thermal management system and current temperature. Through comprehensive consideration of various aspects, the accuracy of the calculation results of the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be effectively improved.

[0020] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module includes: a first generating unit, used to generate a first target opening of the active air intake grille when the current ambient temperature in the current environmental information is less than a first temperature threshold; a second generating unit, used to calculate the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain when the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, so as to generate a second target opening of the active air intake grille based on the difference.

[0021] Through the above technical means, the embodiment of the present application can comprehensively generate the first target opening and the second target opening of the active air intake grille based on the current ambient temperature, the first and second temperature thresholds, the calculated energy consumption increase and energy consumption benefit and their differences and other information in the current environmental information of the vehicle, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy of the generated active air intake grille target opening.

[0022] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module further includes: a third generation unit, used to generate a third target opening of the active air intake grille when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold; a fourth generation unit, used to calculate the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold, so as to generate a fourth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the difference; a fifth generation unit, used to generate a fifth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the driving condition when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold.

[0023] Through the above technical means, the embodiment of the present application can generate a more detailed control target opening of the active air intake grille based on the actual temperature of the vehicle's assembly components in combination with the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, thereby effectively meeting the control requirements of the active air intake grille while ensuring the heat dissipation requirements of the vehicle's assembly components and the thermal safety of the components.

[0024] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module includes: an acquisition unit, used to acquire current navigation information of the vehicle; and a prediction unit, used to predict the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration based on the current navigation information.

[0025] Through the above technical means, the embodiments of the present application can predict the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future, so as to combine the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future and the temperature of the vehicle's assembly components, the energy consumption benefits of reduced wind resistance, the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, etc. to jointly generate the target opening of the active air intake grille. Predicting the driving conditions of future roads through a relatively simple prediction method helps to improve the precision control of the active air intake grille, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect and application scope of the control method.

[0026] A third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the control method of the active air intake grille as described in the above embodiment.

[0027] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned control method for the active air intake grille.

[0028] A fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed, is used to implement the above-mentioned control method of the active air intake grille.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0031] Figure 1 A flow chart of a control method for an active air intake grille provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for an active air intake grille according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] 10-Control device of active air intake grille: 100-Acquisition module, 200-Calculation module and 300-Control module; 301-Memory, 302-Processor and 303-Communication interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0037] The following describes the control method, device, vehicle, medium and program product of the active air intake grille according to the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. In view of the fact that the control methods in the related technologies mentioned in the above background technology are mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, they are unable to exert the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille, and are unable to effectively make better control strategies when facing more complex environments and working conditions during vehicle driving, making it difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille, and the accuracy is also lacking, and the user experience and stickiness are not high. The present application provides a control method for an active air intake grille, in which the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be calculated, and the target opening of the active air intake grille can be generated in combination with the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the predicted driving conditions. As a result, the active air intake grille control strategy with the best energy-saving effect is designed by establishing a wind resistance energy consumption influence model and a thermal management system energy consumption influence model under the conditions of opening and closing the active air intake grille under different environments and working conditions. Taking various influencing factors into consideration, the accuracy of the active air intake grille control strategy is effectively improved, and the driving conditions of future roads can be predicted by a relatively simple prediction method, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect of the control method. Thereby, it is solved that the control methods in the relevant technologies are mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, cannot exert the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille, and cannot effectively make better control strategies when facing the more complex environment and working conditions during vehicle driving, it is difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille, and the accuracy is also lacking, and the user experience and stickiness are not high.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for controlling an active air intake grille provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the control method of the active air intake grille includes the following steps:

[0040] In step S101, the current environment information and actual working condition information of the vehicle are obtained.

[0041] In some embodiments, the vehicle's current environmental information is crucial to the control of the active air intake grille of the electric vehicle. For example, ambient temperature is a key factor affecting the engine's cooling needs. In cold environments, in order to prevent excessive cold air from entering and causing the engine to heat up too slowly, the active air intake grille may choose to be closed or partially closed to reduce air circulation and help the engine reach the ideal operating temperature faster. On the contrary, in hot environments, in order to ensure that the engine does not overheat, the air intake grille may need to be opened more frequently to increase air circulation and improve heat dissipation efficiency. For another example, changes in wind speed and direction will also indirectly affect the cooling effect of the engine and the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. In strong wind environments, the adjustment of the air intake grille may need to be more sophisticated to balance air resistance and cooling needs.

[0042] Furthermore, the vehicle operating conditions also have an important impact on the control of the active air intake grille of electric vehicles. For example, in addition to the ambient temperature affecting the engine temperature and thus affecting the active air intake grille control of electric vehicles, the temperature of the engine itself is also one of the core parameters of the active air intake grille control. By monitoring the engine temperature in real time, the system can determine whether it is necessary to adjust the opening and closing degree of the air intake grille to ensure that the engine always operates within the optimal temperature range: when the engine temperature is low, the air intake grille may be closed or partially closed to reduce the entry of cold air and accelerate the engine temperature rise; when the engine temperature is high, the air intake grille may need to be opened to increase heat dissipation. For example, changes in vehicle speed will directly affect the aerodynamic performance and cooling requirements of the vehicle: when driving at low speeds, in order to reduce wind resistance and improve fuel economy, the air intake grille may be closed or partially closed, while when driving at high speeds, in order to maintain stable engine operation and reduce the impact of air resistance on vehicle performance, the air intake grille may need to be opened more frequently.

[0043] The embodiment of the present application can obtain the current environmental information and actual operating condition information of the electric vehicle. By monitoring and analyzing this information, it helps to accurately adjust the opening and closing degree of the air intake grille to meet the cooling needs of the engine and the aerodynamic performance requirements of the vehicle, thereby improving the performance and economy of the vehicle.

[0044] Step S102, calculating the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information.

[0045] It is understandable that the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction can be understood here as the different air energy consumption gains brought about when the active air intake grille is opened or closed. The energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be understood here as the increase in thermal management energy consumption caused by closing the active air intake grille when the vehicle power system has a large heat dissipation demand under normal or high temperature conditions.

[0046] In some embodiments, the energy consumption gain from reduced wind resistance may be high or low, and the energy consumption increase from the thermal management system may also be high or low. When the two are different, it is necessary to combine the two for further judgment in order to make a control strategy for the active air intake grille that is more suitable for the current situation of the vehicle.

[0047] The embodiment of the present application can combine the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system to jointly determine the control strategy of the vehicle's active air intake grille, greatly improving the effectiveness and accuracy of the active air intake grille control.

[0048] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system are calculated based on current environmental information and actual operating conditions information, including: calculating the energy consumption gain based on the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient; calculating the energy consumption increase based on the vehicle's thermal management system, current temperature and actual vehicle speed.

[0049] As a possible implementation method, when calculating the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, the present application can respectively establish a wind resistance energy consumption impact model and a thermal management system energy consumption impact model under the conditions of opening and closing the active air intake grille in different environments and different working conditions, so as to use the wind resistance energy consumption impact model and the thermal management system energy consumption impact model in combination with the current environmental information and actual working condition information of the electric vehicle to calculate the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system.

[0050] Specifically, when establishing the wind resistance energy consumption impact model, the embodiment of the present application is mainly but not limited to being carried out based on the air resistance encountered by the vehicle during driving. Among them, the vehicle air resistance is mainly related to the wind resistance coefficient, the vehicle's frontal area, air density and driving speed. The calculation formula can be expressed as follows:

[0051] Fw=0.5*ρ*A*Cd*v 2 (1)

[0052] Among them, ρ represents the air density, which is different at different temperatures; A represents the frontal area of ​​the vehicle, which is related to the vehicle's own parameters; Cd represents the vehicle's drag coefficient; and v represents the vehicle's driving speed.

[0053] The power consumed by air resistance can be obtained by multiplying the air resistance by the corresponding vehicle speed. The formula can be expressed as follows:

[0054] Pw=Fw*v(2)

[0055] Furthermore, considering that opening and closing the active air intake grille mainly affects the vehicle's drag coefficient, the embodiment of the present application can also calculate the influence of different drag coefficients on the vehicle's driving energy consumption according to the above formula. The specific calculation process can be expressed as follows:

[0056] (1) The drag coefficients of a vehicle with an active grille always open and closed at different vehicle speeds v1, v2, ... vn are calculated by actual testing using a wind tunnel method or by simulation using aerodynamic software, such as the drag coefficients Cd1 and Cd2 under the condition of v1, where Cd1 represents the drag coefficient when the active grille is open at the vehicle speed v1, and Cd2 represents the drag coefficient when the active grille is closed at the vehicle speed v1; the same is true for other vehicle speeds, and the relevant data can be defined as the first training array.

[0057] (2) Establish air density data at different temperatures and altitudes. Such data can be obtained directly from, but is not limited to, meteorological departments. The temperature data should at least cover the temperature range in which vehicles travel widely, such as -30°C to 45°C. This data is defined as the second training array.

[0058] Finally, the wind resistance energy consumption impact model under different environments and working conditions with the active air intake grille open and closed can be established. The wind resistance energy consumption impact model in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented, but not limited to, through a neural network algorithm, with the first training array and the second training array as inputs and the training result array as output, that is, the ambient temperature, altitude, and vehicle speed as input data, and the corresponding different air resistance power consumption differences (corresponding to the active air intake grille being open and closed) as output data to establish a training model.

[0059] For example, the first and second training arrays obtained above can be used as independent variables to calculate the air resistance power consumption at different vehicle speeds v1, v2...vn, different temperatures, and different altitudes. The calculation formula is the same as formula (2). After the training is completed, it can be put into practical application.

[0060] In actual application, relevant information and the vehicle's current environmental information and actual working conditions, such as the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient, can be input into the wind resistance energy consumption impact model to calculate the power difference when the active air intake grille is opened and closed, that is, the energy consumption benefit of the wind resistance reduction brought about by the active air intake grille being opened and closed (air resistance energy consumption benefit), that is, the difference in power consumption due to different air resistances corresponding to Cd1 and Cd2 under the same temperature, altitude and vehicle speed.

[0061] The next step is to establish a model that affects the energy consumption of the thermal management system.

[0062] Since the heat dissipation demand of the automobile power system is relatively large under normal temperature and high temperature environment, closing the air intake grille may cause the energy consumption of the thermal management system to increase. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can establish an energy consumption impact model of the thermal management system based on this factor. The thermal management system includes but is not limited to high-voltage and low-voltage electrical components such as air-conditioning compressors, cooling fans and water pumps. The specific process can be expressed as follows:

[0063] First, the effect of opening and closing the active air intake grille on the thermal management system under different ambient temperatures and vehicle speeds can be tested in an environmental chamber. The different ambient temperatures are the same as the definition in the wind resistance energy consumption model, and can be tested every 10°C or 5°C; at a certain ambient temperature, the power values ​​of the thermal management system under the active air intake grille when it is opened and closed at different vehicle speeds v1, v2...vn can be tested using power testing equipment, and the difference between the two values ​​can be calculated.

[0064] Next, similar to the first part, we can build a thermal management system energy consumption impact model under different environments and working conditions, with the active grille open and closed. We can use the ambient temperature and vehicle speed as input values, and the corresponding thermal management system power consumption difference (corresponding to the active grille open and closed) as output data to build a training model. After the training is completed, it can be applied.

[0065] After establishing the wind resistance energy consumption model and the thermal management system impact model, the embodiment of the present application can calculate the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system based on the vehicle's environmental information such as the current ambient temperature, the current air density, and actual operating conditions information such as the vehicle's frontal area, the actual vehicle speed, and the vehicle's thermal management system.

[0066] The embodiments of the present application can calculate the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the increased energy consumption of the thermal management system based on the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient, thermal management system and current temperature. By comprehensively considering various aspects, the accuracy of the calculation results of the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the increased energy consumption of the thermal management system can be effectively improved.

[0067] Step S103, predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset time, and generating a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, energy consumption increase, actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

[0068] It is understandable that the preset duration here can be understood as a pre-set duration, such as ten minutes, half an hour, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the vehicle's driving route and driving conditions in the next period of time may change. In this case, when generating a certain control strategy to control the active air intake grille, in addition to generating normal decisions under the current circumstances, the present application can also generate a predictive control strategy for the active air intake grille based on the predicted driving conditions of the vehicle within a certain period of time in the future to control the active air intake grille to open or close.

[0070] Specifically, the embodiments of the present application can comprehensively determine the control strategy and target opening of the active air intake grille by combining the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance, the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, the temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle, and the predicted driving conditions of the vehicle in the next period of time.

[0071] For example, when the energy consumption gain from reducing wind resistance is greater than the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, the active air intake grille can be closed. If the energy consumption gain from reducing wind resistance is less than the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, then you can consider opening the active air intake grille.

[0072] It should be noted that the target opening of the embodiment of the present application refers to the opening of the active air intake grille, including full opening, partial opening or closing. It can be set by professional and technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions or calibrated by experiments. It is only used as an example in the embodiment of the present application without specific limitation.

[0073] The embodiment of the present application can generate a target opening for the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain from the reduction in wind resistance of the vehicle and the increase in energy consumption of the thermal management system, further combining the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future and the temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle. It also includes normal strategies and predictive strategies, is highly practical, can effectively meet user needs in different scenarios, and maintain customer stickiness.

[0074] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration includes: acquiring current navigation information of the vehicle; and predicting the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration based on the current navigation information.

[0075] Based on the relevant descriptions of other embodiments, it can be understood that when generating a control strategy for the active air intake grille to control the active air intake grille, the present application can generate a predictive strategy based on the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system combined with the predicted driving conditions of the vehicle within a certain period of time in the future, and take into account the vehicle's current needs and the vehicle's needs in the future.

[0076] In some embodiments, when predicting the driving conditions of a vehicle within a certain period of time in the future, the present application can, but is not limited to, obtaining the vehicle's current navigation information, such as destination information, departure information, predicted driving time, temperature of the passing points along the way, and other information, and use this information to predict the vehicle's driving conditions within a certain period of time in the future.

[0077] For example, the vehicle can obtain the real-time traffic conditions, estimated arrival time, remaining distance, road congestion or average road speed, traffic light changes and other information through the installed GPS navigation system, and make a rough prediction of future working conditions by referring to the fuzzy control method:

[0078] (1) If the navigation system predicts that the vehicle will be driving in the city for a period of time in the future, and there will be congestion at intersections or roads, or the vehicle speed will be slow on the next section of the route, or the density of traffic lights on the road is high, or the road is a branch road in the city (the road width is small), then it can be inferred that the vehicle speed will not be too high in the future, and the future driving conditions are predicted to be smooth.

[0079] (2) If it is predicted that the vehicle will be driving on an urban expressway, on a highway, or on a road with a large slope in the suburbs of a city for a period of time in the future, it can be predicted that the future driving conditions will be intense. Correspondingly, it can be predicted that the thermal load of the vehicle's powertrain will be high, or the temperature will continue to rise.

[0080] The embodiments of the present application can predict the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future, so as to generate the target opening of the active air intake grille by combining the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future and the temperature of the vehicle's assembly components, the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance, the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system, etc. The prediction of future road driving conditions through a relatively simple prediction method helps to improve the precision control of the active air intake grille, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect and application scope of the control method.

[0081] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, a target opening of the active air intake grille is generated based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, including: when the current ambient temperature in the current environmental information is less than a first temperature threshold, generating a first target opening of the active air intake grille; when the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, calculating the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain, and generating a second target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference.

[0082] In certain embodiments, after the vehicle is started and it is necessary to determine the control strategy of the active air intake grille, i.e., the target opening, the present application may first determine the current ambient temperature of the vehicle. When the current ambient temperature is less than a certain first temperature threshold, such as 10°C, the active air intake grille remains closed, which can keep the power system coolant warm and reduce wind resistance, thereby helping to improve the vehicle's cruising range at low temperatures. At this time, the first target opening can be generated.

[0083] If the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a certain ambient temperature threshold, such as 10°C, further judgment is required. At this time, the vehicle's current environmental information and actual operating conditions information can be obtained, such as the current ambient temperature, actual vehicle speed, altitude of the environment, etc. to calculate the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system. Among them, the actual vehicle speed can be but is not limited to being understood as the average speed from the start of the vehicle to the current section. When generating a specific second target opening, it can be judged based on the difference between the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system. P1 represents the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction, and P2 represents the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system:

[0084] If P1-P2>0, the active air intake grille should be closed. At this time, the energy consumption benefit is the largest and the second target opening can be generated;

[0085] If P1-P2<0, the active air intake grille should be opened. If the air intake grille is closed at this time, the increase in energy consumption of the thermal management system will be higher than the energy consumption benefit of the reduced wind resistance. At this time, the energy consumption benefit is negative, so the air intake grille should be opened. At this time, a second target opening can be generated to open the active air intake grille according to the specific target opening.

[0086] It should be noted that the first temperature threshold in the embodiment of the present application, as well as the actual openings of the first target opening and the second target opening under different circumstances can be set or adjusted by professionals in the field according to actual conditions, for example, the first temperature threshold is set to 15°C, the first target opening is set to be fully closed or closed 80% and opened 20%, and the second temperature threshold is set to be fully closed or closed 90% and opened 10%, etc. The embodiments of the present application are only for illustrative purposes and are not specifically limited.

[0087] The embodiment of the present application can comprehensively generate the first target opening and the second target opening of the active air intake grille based on the current ambient temperature, the first and second temperature thresholds, the calculated energy consumption increase and energy consumption benefit and their differences and other information in the current environmental information of the vehicle, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy of the generated active air intake grille target opening.

[0088] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, a target opening of the active air intake grille is generated based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving conditions, and also includes: when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold, generating a third target opening of the active air intake grille; when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold, calculating the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain to generate a fourth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the difference; when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold, generating a fifth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the driving conditions.

[0089] In the actual implementation process, the safety of the vehicle itself is extremely important. Therefore, before generating the first target opening and the second target opening, the embodiment of the present application can first set the safe temperature of the power system according to the temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle.

[0090] For example, when the actual temperature of any assembly component of the vehicle reaches the second temperature threshold corresponding to the assembly component, the active air intake grille must remain open. If it is currently closed, it should be quickly switched to the open state to ensure the heat dissipation requirements of the assembly components and the thermal safety of the components. At this time, a third target opening of the active air intake grille can be generated, such as fully open, 90% open, 80% open, etc.

[0091] If the temperatures of all assembly components of the vehicle are lower than the corresponding second temperature threshold, the corresponding active air intake grille control strategy can be determined according to the method for determining the first target opening and the second target opening, that is, control is mainly performed by comparing the energy consumption gain of reduced wind resistance with the optimal result determined by the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system. At this time, the generated target opening of the active air intake grille can be called the fourth target opening.

[0092] Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application may also define the warning temperature corresponding to each assembly component as a third temperature threshold, and formulate a more sophisticated control strategy for the opening and closing of the active air intake grille in combination with the second temperature threshold, so as to ensure that the third temperature threshold is maintained for a short time or is higher than the third temperature threshold but lower than the second temperature threshold without causing thermal safety problems of the assembly components. It should be noted that the specific second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold can be confirmed by professional and technical personnel in this field through a large number of bench tests of each assembly component, and are only illustrative in the embodiment of the present application without specific limitation.

[0093] For example, when the temperature of each assembly component is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, the embodiment of the present application can further determine whether the active air intake grille is opened or closed in combination with the driving conditions of the vehicle in the future:

[0094] (1) If the vehicle is driven more intensely in the future, it means that the heat dissipation demand of each powertrain component may increase, and the assembly temperature is likely to reach the second temperature threshold in the future. At this time, the active air intake grille should remain in the open state. If it is currently in the closed state, it should be quickly switched to the open state to ensure the thermal safety of the components. At this time, a third target opening of the active air intake grille can be generated, such as fully open, 90% open, or 80% open;

[0095] (2) If the driver's driving conditions are relatively smooth for a period of time in the future, it means that the heat dissipation requirements of various powertrain components may be reduced, and the assembly temperature may be maintained near the third temperature threshold, or may even be slightly reduced. At this time, the fifth target opening can be generated according to the generation method of the first target opening and the second target opening. It should be noted that if the assembly temperature reaches the second temperature threshold, the active air intake grille should be switched to the open state immediately.

[0096] The embodiment of the present application can generate a more detailed control target opening of the active air intake grille based on the actual temperature of the vehicle's assembly components in combination with the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, thereby effectively meeting the control requirements of the active air intake grille while ensuring the heat dissipation requirements of the vehicle's assembly components and the thermal safety of the components.

[0097] According to the control method of the active air intake grille proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption benefit of the wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be calculated, and the target opening of the active air intake grille can be generated in combination with the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the predicted driving conditions, thereby achieving the design of the active air intake grille control strategy with the best energy-saving effect by establishing the wind resistance energy consumption influence model and the thermal management system energy consumption influence model under the conditions of opening and closing the active air intake grille under different environments and working conditions, comprehensively considering various influencing factors, effectively improving the accuracy of the active air intake grille control strategy, and predicting the driving conditions of future roads through a relatively simple prediction method, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect of the control method. . Thus, the control method in the related art is mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, and cannot exert the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille, and cannot effectively make a better control strategy when facing the more complex environment and working conditions during vehicle driving, and it is difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille, and the accuracy is also lacking, and the user's use feeling and stickiness are not high.

[0098] Next, the control device of the active air intake grille proposed in accordance with the embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0099] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control device of the active air intake grille in an embodiment of the present application.

[0100] like Figure 2 As shown, the control device 10 of the active air intake grille includes: an acquisition module 100 , a calculation module 200 and a control module 300 .

[0101] The acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the current environment information and actual working condition information of the vehicle.

[0102] The calculation module 200 is used to calculate the energy consumption gain of the wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information.

[0103] The control module 300 is used to predict the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset time, and generate a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, energy consumption increase, actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

[0104] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the calculation module 200 includes: a first calculation unit and a second calculation unit.

[0105] Among them, the first calculation unit is used to calculate the energy consumption benefit based on the vehicle's frontal area, current air density, actual vehicle speed and corresponding drag coefficient.

[0106] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the energy consumption increase based on the thermal management system of the vehicle, the current temperature and the actual vehicle speed.

[0107] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module 300 includes: a first generation unit and a second generation unit.

[0108] The first generating unit is used to generate a first target opening of the active air intake grille when the current ambient temperature in the current ambient information is less than a first temperature threshold.

[0109] The second generating unit is used to calculate the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain when the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, so as to generate a second target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference.

[0110] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module 300 further includes: a third generation unit, a fourth generation unit and a fifth generation unit.

[0111] The third generating unit is used to generate a third target opening of the active air intake grille when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold.

[0112] The fourth generating unit is used to calculate the difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold, so as to generate a fourth target opening degree of the active air intake grille according to the difference.

[0113] The fifth generating unit is used to generate a fifth target opening of the active air intake grille based on the driving condition when the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold.

[0114] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the control module 300 includes: an acquisition unit and a prediction unit.

[0115] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the current navigation information of the vehicle.

[0116] The prediction unit is used to predict the driving condition of the vehicle within a preset time period based on the current navigation information.

[0117] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiment of the control method of the active air intake grille is also applicable to the control device of the active air intake grille of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0118] According to the control device of the active air intake grille proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption benefit of the wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system can be calculated, and the target opening of the active air intake grille can be generated in combination with the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the predicted driving conditions, thereby achieving the design of the active air intake grille control strategy with the best energy-saving effect by establishing the wind resistance energy consumption influence model and the thermal management system energy consumption influence model under the conditions of opening and closing the active air intake grille under different environments and working conditions, comprehensively considering various influencing factors, effectively improving the accuracy of the active air intake grille control strategy, and predicting the driving conditions of future roads through a relatively simple prediction method, thereby further improving the energy-saving effect of the control method. . Thus, the control method in the related art is mainly aimed at the thermal safety of the power system, and cannot exert the maximum energy-saving effect of the active air intake grille, and cannot effectively make a better control strategy when facing the more complex environment and working conditions during the vehicle driving process, it is difficult to meet the control requirements of the active air intake grille, and the accuracy is also lacking, and the user's use feeling and stickiness are not high.

[0119] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. The vehicle may include:

[0120] A memory 301 , a processor 302 , and a computer program stored in the memory 301 and executable on the processor 302 .

[0121] When the processor 302 executes the program, the control method of the active air intake grille provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0122] Furthermore, the vehicle also includes:

[0123] The communication interface 303 is used for communication between the memory 301 and the processor 302 .

[0124] The memory 301 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 302 .

[0125] The memory 301 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0126] If the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are implemented independently, the communication interface 303, the memory 301 and the processor 302 can be connected to each other through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0127] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are integrated on a chip, the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0128] The processor 302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0129] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned control method for the active air intake grille.

[0130] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which can run computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the control method of the active air intake grille provided in the embodiment of the present application is implemented.

[0131] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0132] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0133] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0134] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purpose of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or N wirings (electronic devices), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways as necessary and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0135] It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiment, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of multiple of the following technologies known in the art: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0136] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0137] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0138] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A control method for an active air intake grille, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain the vehicle's current environment information and actual working condition information; Calculating the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information; The driving condition of the vehicle for a preset duration is predicted, and a target opening of the active air intake grille is generated based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating the energy consumption gain of the wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information includes: Calculating the energy consumption benefit based on the frontal area of ​​the vehicle, the current air density, the actual vehicle speed and the corresponding drag coefficient; The energy consumption increase is calculated based on a thermal management system of the vehicle, a current temperature, and the actual vehicle speed.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The generating a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition comprises: When the current ambient temperature in the current ambient information is less than a first temperature threshold, generating a first target opening of the active air intake grille; When the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, a difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain is calculated to generate a second target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The generating a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition further includes: When the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a second temperature threshold, generating a third target opening of the active air intake grille; When the actual temperature is less than a third temperature threshold, calculating a difference between the energy consumption increase and the energy consumption gain, so as to generate a fourth target opening of the active air intake grille according to the difference; When the actual temperature is less than the third temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold, a fifth target opening degree of the active air intake grille is generated based on the driving condition.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The predicting of the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset time period includes: Obtaining current navigation information of the vehicle; The driving condition of the vehicle within a preset time period is predicted based on the current navigation information.

6. A control device for an active air intake grille, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain the current environment information and actual working condition information of the vehicle; A calculation module, used for calculating the energy consumption gain of wind resistance reduction and the energy consumption increase of the thermal management system according to the current environment information and the actual working condition information; A control module is used to predict the driving condition of the vehicle for a preset time period, and generate a target opening of the active air intake grille based on the energy consumption gain, the energy consumption increase, the actual temperature of each assembly component of the vehicle and the driving condition, so as to control the active air intake grille to open to the target opening.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The computing module comprises: A first calculation unit, configured to calculate the energy consumption benefit based on the frontal area of ​​the vehicle, the current air density, the actual vehicle speed and the corresponding drag coefficient; The second calculation unit is used to calculate the energy consumption increase based on the thermal management system of the vehicle, the current temperature and the actual vehicle speed.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the control method of the active air intake grille as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the control method of the active air intake grille as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed, it is used to implement the control method of the active air intake grille as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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