Method suitable for mechanical cultivation of solar greenhouse chilies

Abstract

The invention provides a method for mechanically cultivating peppers in a solar greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the steps of preparation of a functional reagent, preparation of functional pepper seeds, sowing and subsequent management. In the step of sowing, after soil is subjected to rotary tillage, a nutrient medium is spread; the preparation method of the nutrient medium comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and attapulgite powder, adding the mixture into deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, heating, drying and calcining to obtain a porous substance; placing the porous substance in an ethanol solution, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and polyethylene wax, uniformly stirring, adding a cross-linking agent and sodium alginate, carrying out a cross-linking reaction, filtering, putting into deionized water, adding glutamic acid and furfural, carrying out a heat preservation reaction, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a nutrition matrix; by means of the cultivation method, the weak light resistance of the peppers is improved, the peppers are high in yield and good in quality, and organic planting of the peppers in the sunlight greenhouse in the east-west direction can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and in particular relates to a mechanized cultivation method for pepper in a solar greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] Pepper, as a vegetable with the highest vitamin C content, is shiny, has thick flesh and is crispy. The spicy substances in pepper can stimulate the oral and gastric mucosa, thereby improving appetite. It has the effects of warming the middle and dispersing cold, and lowering qi and digesting food.

[0003] Those skilled in the art are well aware that peppers have high temperature requirements, and pepper seedlings are not resistant to low temperatures. The suitable temperature during the day is 24-30°C, and the suitable temperature at night is 15-18°C. The suitable planting time for peppers in the north is short, which cannot meet the supply of spring and winter vegetables in the north. The cultivation of peppers has many complex links and requires a lot of labor, resulting in a low degree of mechanization and low labor productivity, which in turn aggravates the supply of spring and winter vegetables in the north. Therefore, introducing solar greenhouses and mechanization into the cultivation method of peppers can not only ensure the growth temperature of peppers, but also solve the problem of insufficient labor.

[0004] However, there is a contradiction between the small north-south span and the large size of the machinery in the mechanized production of solar greenhouses. The usual solution is to change the traditional north-south planting to east-west planting. However, when using east-west ridge cultivation, the canopy obstruction will cause uneven light distribution within and between ridges, resulting in a small area of ​​pepper receiving light, reduced formation of photosynthetic products, affecting the normal growth of peppers, low yield, slow fruit coloring, delayed market launch of commercial fruits, low vitamin C content, poor quality, weakened disease resistance, and more diseases and pests.

[0005] To this end, the prior art discloses the following pepper cultivation method: CN113141988A discloses a mechanized cultivation method for fruits and vegetables in a solar greenhouse, wherein the vegetables are cultivated on east-west ridges in the solar greenhouse, and each ridge is cultivated in double rows with pruning, and the plants or branches in the same row have the same plant height, and the plants or branches in the same row are cultivated alternately at normal height and lower height in sequence, and the height ratio of normal height branches to lower height branches at the winter solstice is 1:0.41-0.63, which solves the problem of shading of plants on the north ridge by plants on the south ridge in the east-west ridge cultivation in the solar greenhouse; However, this method requires controlling the different heights of branches, and the management method is more complicated. In addition, the lower height will affect the growth of pepper plants, ultimately affecting the yield of peppers and the quality of pepper fruits.

[0006] There is little research on the mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse in the prior art. Providing a mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse, which avoids more complicated management methods through the green induction method, enhances the pepper's ability to withstand weak light, increases the pepper's yield, reduces the incidence of pepper diseases and pests, accelerates the fruit coloring speed, and improves the quality of pepper fruits has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanized cultivation method for peppers in a solar greenhouse, which increases the yield of peppers, reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests, accelerates the coloring speed of fruits, and improves the quality of pepper fruits through a green induction method.

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A mechanized cultivation method for peppers in a solar greenhouse includes preparing a functionalized reagent, preparing functionalized pepper seeds, sowing, and subsequent management steps. The specific operations are as follows: 1. Preparation of functionalized reagents (1) Preparation of dispersed calcium carbonate The calcium carbonate is placed in a calcining furnace for calcining, the calcining temperature is 342-356° C., the calcining time is 3.8-4.2 hours, after the calcining is completed, the temperature is naturally lowered to room temperature, and then placed in a sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature is raised to 60-65° C., and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 1.0-1.5 hours. After the end of the keeping warm and stirring, the mixture is filtered out, and then placed in an ethanol solution, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide are added for ball milling, the ball milling time is 37-42 minutes, the ball milling speed is 120-130 rpm, the ball milling temperature is 53-56° C., and the ball-to-material ratio is 2-4:1. After the ball milling is completed, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain dispersed calcium carbonate; The particle size of the calcium carbonate is 250-270nm; The mass ratio of the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide solution, the ethanol solution, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.9 g of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide is 11.2-11.7:116-125:96-105:0.4-0.6:0.8-1.0; The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 28-32%; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 33-38%; (2) Thiolation The dispersed calcium carbonate is placed in an ammonium persulfate solution, stirred evenly, and then the temperature is increased to 60-64°C, and the mixture is stirred and kept warm for 9.6-10.3 hours. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain carboxylic calcium carbonate. The carboxylic calcium carbonate is placed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride are added. The pH value is controlled to be 4.7-5.0, and the mixture is stirred and activated at room temperature for 1.8-2.2 hours. After the activation is completed, cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan are added, the temperature is increased to 36-40°C, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 11.5-12.3 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed, and dried at 78-82°C for 10-13 hours to obtain thiosulfate calcium carbonate. The mass ratio of the dispersed calcium carbonate and the ammonium persulfate solution is 9.7-10.3 g:440-460 mL; The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 23-27%; The mass volume ratio of the carboxy calcium carbonate, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan is 9.7-9.7g:0.9-1.0L:1.4-1.6g:2.5-2.7g:3.5-4.0g:2.0-2.3g; (3) Cross-linking The calcium mercaptocarbonate is placed in a sealed container, a dimethyl sulfoxide solution is introduced, and ultrasonic dispersion is performed, the ultrasonic time is 13-18 minutes, the ultrasonic power is 112-117W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 30-33kHz. After the ultrasonic dispersion is completed, the temperature is raised to 82-86°C at a rate of 1.6-2.3°C / min, and the temperature is kept stirred for 5.8-6.2 hours. After the stirring reaction is completed, the calcium mercaptocarbonate is filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 82-86°C for 9.0-12.0 hours to obtain cross-linked calcium carbonate; The mass volume ratio of the calcium mercaptocarbonate and dimethyl sulfoxide solution is 7.7-8.2 g:380-410 mL; The mass concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide solution is 38-42%; (4) Functionalization The cross-linked calcium carbonate, hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, functional additives and amino oligosaccharides are mixed and homogenized for 4-6 minutes, twice, and at a homogenization pressure of 3.8-4.2 MPa. After the homogenization is completed, the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a first functional layer. The mass ratio of the cross-linked calcium carbonate, carboxymethyl cellulose solution, functional additive and amino oligosaccharide is 13.0-13.5 g:4.8-5.2 g:0.11-0.15 mg:0.8-1.2 mg; The mass concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 0.8-1.2%; The functional additive is a mixture of ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.8-2.2:1.7-2.3:0.9-1.1; The cross-linked calcium carbonate is mixed with hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, imidacloprid and curcumin, stirred evenly, and then homogenized. The homogenization time is 4-6 minutes, the homogenization times are 2 times, and the homogenization pressure is 3.8-4.2 MPa. After the homogenization is completed, the second functional layer is obtained; The mass ratio of the cross-linked calcium carbonate, hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, imidacloprid and curcumin is 10.1-10.5:3.6-4.0:0.7-1.0:0.08-0.12:0.10-0.13; The mass concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 0.8-1.2%.

[0009] 2. Preparation of functionalized pepper seeds Pour high-quality pepper seeds of uniform size into a pelletizing coating machine, first add the first functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 78-83 rpm for 1.8-2.3 min, then add the second functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 78-83 rpm for 2.4-2.6 min. After stirring, take out the seeds and dry them at 36-39 ° C for 1.8-2.2 h to obtain functional pepper seeds; The variety of the pepper seeds is Jijiao No. 8; The mass ratio of the pepper seeds, the first functional layer and the second functional layer is 2.0-2.2:6.0-6.5:4.1-4.5.

[0010] 3. Planting seeds A rotary tiller is used to till the soil in the solar greenhouse to a depth of 11-14 cm. After the tillage is completed, 28-32 kg of nutrient matrix and 14-16 kg of compound fertilizer are spread per mu. After the spreading is completed, the soil is tilled again to a depth of 15-18 cm. After the tillage is completed, the soil is naturally dried for 3 days. Then, a mechanical precision film-laying seeder is used to lay drip irrigation tapes, cover the ground film, and sow seeds. Two seeds are controlled per hole, the plant spacing is 10-14 cm, the row spacing is 23-27 cm, and the planting direction is east-west, and the sowing steps are completed; The compound fertilizer has a N content of 14-17%, a P2O5 content of 14-16%, and a K2O content of 15-16%; The preparation method of the nutrient matrix comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and attapulgite powder, adding the mixture to deionized water, stirring evenly, adding polyvinyl alcohol to heat the mixture at a heating rate of 2.5-3.5°C / min to 87-92°C, stirring for 27-33min, filtering out the mixture, drying the mixture, and calcining the mixture at 316-325°C for 1.8-2.3h to obtain a porous substance; placing the porous substance in an ethanol solution, adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and polyethylene wax, stirring evenly, adding a crosslinking agent and sodium alginate, performing a crosslinking reaction at 38-42°C for 5.8-6.2h, filtering out the mixture after the crosslinking reaction is completed, and then placing the mixture in deionized water, adding glutamic acid and furfural, raising the temperature to 56-60°C, and performing a heat preservation reaction for 3.8-4.2h. After the heat preservation reaction is completed, filtering and washing the mixture, and then drying the mixture at 68-72°C to a constant weight to obtain a nutrient matrix; The mass ratio of the biochar, attapulgite powder, deionized water and polyvinyl alcohol is 5.0-5.5:4.3-4.7:90-100:1.0-1.3; The mass ratio of the porous substance, ethanol solution, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene wax, cross-linking agent, sodium alginate, deionized water, glutamic acid and furfural is 7.2-7.5:95-104:0.8-1.2:0.3-0.5:0.7-0.9:1.3-1.7:98-104:1.8-2.2:0.10-0.13; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 26-30%; The cross-linking agent is a mixture of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and the mass ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.8-1.2:1.

[0011] 4. Follow-up management After sowing, drip irrigation was carried out until the soil around the seeds was soaked with water and there was no water accumulation. Drip irrigation was carried out again 10 days after sowing until the soil moisture content around the seeds was 62-67%. When the pepper seedlings grew to six leaves and one heart, nutrient solution was drip irrigated at a rate of 0.33-0.36 kg per plant. Drip irrigation was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 3 times. The rest of the cultivation methods were in accordance with general cultivation management. The nutrient solution is a mixture of deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate is 1000g:3.4-3.7mg:1.0-1.5mg:0.8-1.2mg:1.0-1.4mg.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. The pepper seeds of the present invention are subjected to functionalization treatment, firstly, calcium carbonate is dispersed to improve the dispersibility of calcium carbonate and reduce the agglomeration performance, then ammonium persulfate is used for oxidation treatment, so that the surface of calcium carbonate contains more carboxyl groups, after the carboxyl groups on the surface of calcium carbonate are activated, cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan are introduced to react with the carboxyl groups of calcium carbonate, thereby introducing sulfhydryl groups on the surface of calcium carbonate, and after the sulfhydryl groups are oxidized, the sulfhydryl groups are cross-linked to obtain calcium carbonate containing disulfide bonds and having a cross-linked network structure, and the pepper seeds are coated after functionalization, which can significantly enhance the water absorption and water holding capacity of the pepper seeds, enhance the water retention stability, and improve the disease and insect pest resistance of the pepper seeds, and can also provide calcium, chitosan and other nutrients for the pepper seeds, promote the germination and seedling formation of the pepper seeds, lay the foundation for the vigorous growth of the peppers, enhance the stress resistance and weak light resistance of the plants, and can also better realize mechanized planting, effectively reducing labor; the present invention also uses biochar and attapulgite powder to prepare a nutrient matrix, which first Polyvinyl alcohol is used for treatment, and polyvinyl alcohol is attached to the surface of the powder. During the high-temperature calcination process, polyvinyl alcohol is gradually decomposed, increasing the specific surface area of ​​the powder and improving the adsorption performance of the powder. Then, a cross-linking agent and furfural are added for two cross-linking treatments, and sodium alginate and glutamic acid are also introduced, which can not only form a stable cross-linking structure with the porous material, but also provide nutrient elements in the growth process. Combined with the technical means of drip irrigation nutrient solution, the root vitality can be improved, and the adaptability of pepper plants to adverse environments under low temperature and weak light stress can be improved. The synthesis of chlorophyll can also be promoted, photosynthesis is enhanced, and the growth of pepper seedlings and fruits is finally promoted. Under the premise of avoiding the use of complex management modes, the present invention adopts green induction and a method for enhancing the self-immunity of pepper seeds, pepper seedlings and pepper plants, promotes the uniform color change of peppers and the synthesis of nutrient components, accelerates the coloring speed of fruits, reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests, increases pepper yield, enhances pepper quality, ensures storage resistance, and is conducive to the mechanized planting of peppers in solar greenhouses; 2. The seedling rate of the cultivation method of the present invention is 98-100%; 3. Using the cultivation method of the present invention, the incidence of aphids is 0.7-1.1%, the incidence of soft rot is 0.8-1.2%, and the incidence of bacterial wilt is 1.2-1.4%; 4. The cultivation method of the present invention has an acreage yield of 3549-3564 kg, a vitamin C content of 106.3-107.4 mg / 100 g, and a soluble solid content of 5.03-5.08; 4. The peppers cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention have good storage resistance. When placed in an environment with a temperature of 6° C. and a humidity of 60% and left to stand for 7 days, the vitamin C content is 103.3-105.3 mg / 100 g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0014] Example 1 1. Preparation of functionalized reagents (1) Preparation of dispersed calcium carbonate 11.5g of calcium carbonate was placed in a calcining furnace for calcination at a temperature of 350°C for 4.0h. After the calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, and then placed in 120g of a 30wt% sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature was raised to 63°C, and the mixture was stirred for 1.2h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered out and placed in 100g of a 35wt% ethanol solution. 0.5g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.9g of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide were added for ball milling. The ball milling time was 40min, the ball milling speed was 125rpm, the ball milling temperature was 55°C, and the ball-to-material ratio was 3:1. After the ball milling was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain dispersed calcium carbonate. The particle size of the calcium carbonate is 260 nm; (2) Thiolation 10.0g of dispersed calcium carbonate was placed in 450mL of 25wt% ammonium persulfate solution, stirred evenly, and then the temperature was raised to 62°C, and the mixture was stirred and kept warm for 10.0h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain carboxylated calcium carbonate. 9.5g of carboxylated calcium carbonate was placed in 1.0LN, N-dimethylformamide, and 1.5g of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2.6g of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride were added. The pH value was controlled to be 4.8, and the mixture was stirred and activated at room temperature for 2.0h. After the activation was completed, 3.7g of cysteine ​​hydrochloride and 2.1g of chitosan were added, the temperature was raised to 38°C, and the mixture was stirred and reacted for 12.0h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried at 80°C for 12h to obtain thiosulfate calcium carbonate. (3) Cross-linking 8.0 g of calcium mercaptocarbonate was placed in a sealed container, and 400 mL of a 40 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide solution was introduced for ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time was 15 min, the ultrasonic power was 115 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 31 kHz. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 84°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min, and the mixture was kept stirred for 6.0 h. After the stirring reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 84°C for 10.0 h to obtain cross-linked calcium carbonate. (4) Functionalization 13.2 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate, 5.0 g of 1.0 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.13 mg of functional additives, and 1.0 mg of amino oligosaccharide were mixed and homogenized for 5 min, 2 times, and a homogenization pressure of 4.0 MPa. After the homogenization, the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a first functional layer. The functional additive is a mixture of ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2:2:1; 10.3 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate was mixed with 3.8 g of 1.0 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.9 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.10 g of imidacloprid, and 0.11 g of curcumin. After stirring evenly, the mixture was homogenized for 5 min, twice, and at a homogenization pressure of 4.0 MPa. After the homogenization, a second functional layer was obtained. 2. Preparation of functionalized pepper seeds Pour high-quality pepper seeds of uniform size into a pelletizing coating machine, first add the first functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 80 rpm for 2.0 min, then add the second functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 80 rpm for 2.5 min. After stirring, take out the seeds and dry them at 38°C for 2.0 h to obtain functionalized pepper seeds; The variety of the pepper seeds is Jijiao No. 8; The mass ratio of the pepper seeds, the first functional layer and the second functional layer is 2.1:6.2:4.3.

[0015] 3. Planting seeds A rotary tiller is used to till the soil in the solar greenhouse to a depth of 11-14 cm. After the tillage is completed, 30 kg of nutrient matrix and 15 kg of compound fertilizer are spread per mu. After the spreading is completed, the soil is tilled again to a depth of 15-18 cm. After the tillage is completed, the soil is naturally dried for 3 days. Then, a mechanical precision film-laying seeder is used to lay drip irrigation tapes, cover the ground film, and sow seeds. Two seeds are controlled per hole, the plant spacing is 12 cm, the row spacing is 25 cm, and the planting direction is east-west, and the sowing steps are completed; The compound fertilizer has a N content of 15%, a P2O5 content of 15%, and a K2O content of 15%; The preparation method of the nutrient matrix is ​​as follows: 5.2g of biochar and 4.5g of attapulgite powder are mixed, added to 95g of deionized water, stirred evenly, and then 1.2g of polyvinyl alcohol is added to heat up at a heating rate of 3.0°C / min to 90°C, stirred for 30min, filtered out, dried, and then calcined at 320°C for 2.0h to obtain a porous substance; 7.4g of the porous substance is placed in 100g of 28wt% ethanol solution, 1.0g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.4g of polyethylene wax are added, stirred evenly, 0.8g of a cross-linking agent and 1.5g of sodium alginate are added, cross-linking reaction is carried out at 40°C for 6.0h, after the cross-linking reaction is completed, filtered out, and then 100g is put into deionized water, 2.0g of glutamic acid and 0.12g of furfural are added, the temperature is increased to 58°C, and the temperature is kept for reaction for 4.0h. After the temperature is kept for reaction, it is filtered and washed, and then dried at 70°C to constant weight to obtain a nutrient matrix; The cross-linking agent is a mixture of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and the mass ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 1:1.

[0016] 4. Follow-up management After sowing, drip irrigation was carried out until the soil around the seeds was soaked with water and there was no water accumulation. Drip irrigation was carried out again 10 days after sowing until the soil moisture content around the seeds was 65%. When the pepper seedlings grew to six leaves and one heart, nutrient solution was drip irrigated at a rate of 0.35 kg per plant. Drip irrigation was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 3 times. The rest of the cultivation methods were in accordance with general cultivation management. The nutrient solution is a mixture of deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate is 1000g:3.5mg:1.3mg:1.0mg:1.2mg.

[0017] Example 2 1. Preparation of functionalized reagents (1) Preparation of dispersed calcium carbonate 11.2g of calcium carbonate was placed in a calcining furnace for calcination at a temperature of 342°C for 3.8h. After the calcination, the temperature was naturally lowered to room temperature. The solution was then placed in a 116g 28wt% sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature was raised to 60°C, and the solution was stirred for 1.5h. After the stirring was completed, the solution was filtered out and placed in a 96g 33wt% ethanol solution. 0.4g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.8g of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide were added for ball milling. The ball milling time was 37min, the ball milling speed was 120rpm, the ball milling temperature was 53°C, and the ball-to-material ratio was 2:1. After the ball milling was completed, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain dispersed calcium carbonate. The particle size of the calcium carbonate is 250 nm; (2) Thiolation 9.7 g of dispersed calcium carbonate was placed in 440 mL of 23 wt% ammonium persulfate solution, stirred evenly, and then the temperature was raised to 60°C, and the mixture was stirred and kept warm for 9.6 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain carboxylated calcium carbonate. 9.3 g of carboxylated calcium carbonate was placed in 0.9 L N, N-dimethylformamide, and 1.4 g of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2.5 g of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride were added. The pH value was controlled to be 4.7, and the mixture was stirred and activated at room temperature for 1.8 h. After the activation was completed, 3.5 g of cysteine ​​hydrochloride and 2.0 g of chitosan were added, the temperature was raised to 36°C, and the mixture was stirred and reacted for 11.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried at 78°C for 13 h to obtain thiosulfate calcium carbonate. (3) Cross-linking 7.7 g of calcium mercaptocarbonate was placed in a sealed container, and 380 mL of 38 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide solution was introduced for ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time was 13 min, the ultrasonic power was 112 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 30 kHz. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 82° C. at a rate of 1.6° C. / min, and the mixture was kept stirred for 5.8 h. After the stirring reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 82° C. for 12.0 h to obtain cross-linked calcium carbonate. (4) Functionalization 13.0 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate, 4.8 g of 0.8 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.11 mg of functional additives, and 0.8 mg of amino oligosaccharide were mixed and homogenized for 4 min, 2 times, and a homogenization pressure of 3.8 MPa. After the homogenization, the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a first functional layer. The functional additive is a mixture of ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.8:1.7:0.9; 10.1 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate was mixed with 3.6 g of 0.8 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.7 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.08 g of imidacloprid, and 0.10 g of curcumin. After stirring evenly, the mixture was homogenized for 4 min, twice, and at a homogenization pressure of 3.8 MPa. After the homogenization, a second functional layer was obtained. 2. Preparation of functionalized pepper seeds Pour high-quality pepper seeds of uniform size into a pelletizing coating machine, first add the first functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 78 rpm for 2.3 min, then add the second functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 78 rpm for 2.6 min. After stirring, take out the seeds and dry them at 36°C for 1.8 h to obtain functionalized pepper seeds; The variety of the pepper seeds is Jijiao No. 8; The mass ratio of the pepper seeds, the first functional layer and the second functional layer is 2.0:6.0:4.1.

[0018] 3. Planting seeds A rotary tiller is used to till the soil in the solar greenhouse to a depth of 11-14 cm. After the tillage is completed, 28 kg of nutrient matrix and 14 kg of compound fertilizer are spread per mu. After the spreading is completed, the soil is tilled again to a depth of 15-18 cm. After the tillage is completed, it is naturally dried for 3 days. Then, a mechanical precision film-laying seeder is used to lay drip irrigation tapes, cover the ground film, and sow seeds. Two seeds are controlled per hole, the plant spacing is 10 cm, the row spacing is 23 cm, and the planting direction is east-west, and the sowing steps are completed; The compound fertilizer has a N content of 14%, a P2O5 content of 16%, and a K2O content of 15%; The preparation method of the nutrient matrix is ​​as follows: 5.0g of biochar and 4.3g of attapulgite powder are mixed, added to 90g of deionized water, stirred evenly, and then 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol is added to heat up at a heating rate of 2.5°C / min to 87°C, stirred for 27min, filtered out, dried, and then calcined at 316°C for 2.3h to obtain a porous substance; 7.2g of the porous substance is placed in 95g of a 26wt% ethanol solution, 0.8g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.3g of polyethylene wax are added, stirred evenly, 0.7g of a cross-linking agent and 1.3g of sodium alginate are added, cross-linking reaction is carried out at 38°C for 6.2h, after the cross-linking reaction is completed, filtered out, and then 98g is put into deionized water, 1.8g of glutamic acid and 0.10g of furfural are added, the temperature is increased to 56°C, and the temperature is kept for reaction for 3.8h. After the temperature is kept, it is filtered and washed, and then dried at 68°C to constant weight to obtain a nutrient matrix; The cross-linking agent is a mixture of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and the mass ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.8:1.

[0019] 4. Follow-up management After sowing, drip irrigation was carried out until the soil around the seeds was soaked with water and there was no water accumulation. Drip irrigation was carried out again 10 days after sowing until the soil moisture content around the seeds was 62%. When the pepper seedlings grew to six leaves and one heart, nutrient solution was drip irrigated at a rate of 0.33 kg per plant. Drip irrigation was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 3 times. The rest of the cultivation methods were in accordance with general cultivation management. The nutrient solution is a mixture of deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate is 1000g:3.4mg:1.0mg:0.8mg:1.0mg.

[0020] Example 3 1. Preparation of functionalized reagents (1) Preparation of dispersed calcium carbonate 11.7g of calcium carbonate was placed in a calcining furnace for calcination at a temperature of 356°C for 4.2h. After the calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, and then placed in 125g of a 32wt% sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature was raised to 65°C, and the mixture was stirred for 1.0h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered out and placed in 105g of a 38wt% ethanol solution. 0.6g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and 1.0g of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide were added for ball milling. The ball milling time was 42min, the ball milling speed was 1320rpm, the ball milling temperature was 56°C, and the ball-to-material ratio was 4:1. After the ball milling was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain dispersed calcium carbonate. The particle size of the calcium carbonate is 270 nm; (2) Thiolation 10.3 g of dispersed calcium carbonate was placed in 460 mL of 27 wt% ammonium persulfate solution, stirred evenly, and then the temperature was raised to 64 ° C. The mixture was stirred and kept warm for 10.3 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain carboxylated calcium carbonate. 9.7 g of carboxylated calcium carbonate was placed in 1.1 L N, N-dimethylformamide, 1.6 g of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2.7 g of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride were added, the pH value was controlled to be 5.0, and the mixture was stirred and activated at room temperature for 2.2 h. After the activation was completed, 4.0 g of cysteine ​​hydrochloride and 2.3 g of chitosan were added, the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 12.3 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried at 82 ° C for 10 h to obtain thiosulfate calcium carbonate. (3) Cross-linking 8.2 g of calcium mercaptocarbonate was placed in a sealed container, and 410 mL of a 42 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide solution was introduced for ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time was 18 min, the ultrasonic power was 117 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 33 kHz. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 86°C at a rate of 2.3°C / min, and the mixture was kept stirred for 6.2 h. After the stirring reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 86°C for 9.0 h to obtain cross-linked calcium carbonate. (4) Functionalization 13.5 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate, 5.2 g of 1.2 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.15 mg of functional additives, and 1.2 mg of amino oligosaccharides were mixed and homogenized for 6 min, 2 times, and a homogenization pressure of 4.2 MPa. After the homogenization, the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a first functional layer. The functional additive is a mixture of ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2.2:2.3:1.1; 10.5 g of cross-linked calcium carbonate was mixed with 4.0 g of 1.2 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, 1.0 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.12 g of imidacloprid, and 0.13 g of curcumin. After stirring evenly, the mixture was homogenized for 6 min, twice, and at a homogenization pressure of 4.2 MPa. After the homogenization, a second functional layer was obtained. 2. Preparation of functionalized pepper seeds Pour high-quality pepper seeds of uniform size into a pelletizing coating machine, first add the first functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 83 rpm for 1.8 min, then add the second functional layer and stir at a stirring speed of 83 rpm for 2.4 min. After stirring, take out the seeds and dry them at 39°C for 2.2 h to obtain functionalized pepper seeds; The variety of the pepper seeds is Jijiao No. 8; The mass ratio of the pepper seeds, the first functional layer and the second functional layer is 2.2:6.5:4.5.

[0021] 3. Planting seeds A rotary tiller is used to till the soil in the solar greenhouse to a depth of 11-14 cm. After the tillage is completed, 32 kg of nutrient matrix and 16 kg of compound fertilizer are spread per mu. After the spreading is completed, the soil is tilled again to a depth of 15-18 cm. After the tillage is completed, it is naturally dried for 3 days. Then, a mechanical precision film-laying seeder is used to lay drip irrigation tapes, cover the ground film, and sow seeds. Two seeds are controlled per hole, the plant spacing is 14 cm, the row spacing is 27 cm, and the planting direction is east-west, and the sowing steps are completed; The compound fertilizer has a N content of 17%, a P2O5 content of 14%, and a K2O content of 16%; The preparation method of the nutrient matrix is ​​as follows: 5.5g of biochar and 4.7g of attapulgite powder are mixed, added to 100g of deionized water, stirred evenly, 1.3g of polyvinyl alcohol is added to heat up at a heating rate of 3.5°C / min to 92°C, stirred for 33min, filtered out, dried, and then calcined at 325°C for 1.8h to obtain a porous substance; 7.5g of the porous substance is placed in 104g In a 30wt% ethanol solution, 1.2g fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.5g polyethylene wax were added, and after stirring evenly, 0.9g cross-linking agent and 1.7g sodium alginate were added, and the cross-linking reaction was carried out at 42°C for 5.8h. After the cross-linking reaction was completed, it was filtered out, and then 104g was put into deionized water, 2.2g glutamic acid and 0.13g furfural were added, and the temperature was raised to 60°C, and the reaction was kept warm for 4.2h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered and washed, and then dried at 72°C to constant weight to obtain a nutrient matrix; The cross-linking agent is a mixture of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and the mass ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 1.2:1.

[0022] 4. Follow-up management After sowing, drip irrigation was carried out until the soil around the seeds was soaked with water and there was no water accumulation. Drip irrigation was carried out again 10 days after sowing until the soil moisture content around the seeds was 67%. When the pepper seedlings grew to six leaves and one heart, nutrient solution was drip irrigated at a rate of 0.36 kg per plant. Drip irrigation was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 3 times. The rest of the cultivation methods were in accordance with general cultivation management. The nutrient solution is a mixture of deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate is 1000g:3.7mg:1.5mg:1.2mg:1.4mg.

[0023] Comparative Example 1 Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows: In the step of preparing the functionalized reagent, the thiolization and cross-linking steps are omitted; in the functionalization step, the cross-linked calcium carbonate is replaced with dispersed calcium carbonate in equal amounts; The rest of the operations are the same.

[0024] Comparative Example 2 Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows: In the method for preparing the nutrient matrix in the sowing step, the step of “placing 7.4 g of the porous substance in 100 g of a 28 wt % ethanol solution, …, to obtain the nutrient matrix” is omitted; that is, an equal amount of the nutrient matrix is ​​replaced with the porous substance; The rest of the operations are the same.

[0025] Performance Testing A pepper cultivation experiment was conducted in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. The cultivation base was 20 mu in total, divided into 5 plots, each with 4 mu. The peppers were cultivated using the cultivation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in the 5 cultivation bases; During the pepper cultivation cycle, the pepper seedling rate was counted, seedling rate = (number of holes - number of holes without seedlings) / number of holes × 100%; during the cultivation cycle after the pepper seedlings, the incidence of aphids, soft rot, and bacterial wilt was counted; after the pepper fruit was harvested, the per-acre yield of the pepper was counted, the vitamin C content and soluble solids content in the pepper fruit were tested, and the storage resistance of the pepper was tested. Specifically, the pepper fruit was placed in an environment with a temperature of 6°C and a humidity of 60% for 7 days, and the vitamin C content in the pepper was tested again; the specific test results are as follows:

[0026] The pepper seeds of the present invention are subjected to functionalization treatment, firstly, calcium carbonate is dispersed to improve the dispersibility of calcium carbonate and reduce the agglomeration performance, then ammonium persulfate is used for oxidation treatment, so that the surface of calcium carbonate contains more carboxyl groups, after the carboxyl groups on the surface of calcium carbonate are activated, cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan are introduced to react with the carboxyl groups of calcium carbonate, thereby introducing sulfhydryl groups on the surface of calcium carbonate, and after the sulfhydryl groups are oxidized, the sulfhydryl groups are cross-linked to obtain calcium carbonate containing disulfide bonds and having a cross-linked network structure, and the pepper seeds are coated after functionalization, which can significantly enhance the water absorption and water holding capacity of the pepper seeds, enhance the water retention stability, and enhance the disease and insect pest resistance of the pepper seeds, and can also provide calcium, chitosan and other nutrients for the pepper seeds, promote the germination and seedling formation of the pepper seeds, lay a foundation for the vigorous growth of the peppers, enhance the stress resistance and weak light resistance of the plants, and can also better realize mechanized planting, effectively reducing labor; the present invention also adopts biochar and attapulgite powder to prepare a nutrient matrix, which firstly collects The powder is treated with polyvinyl alcohol, which is attached to the surface of the powder. During the high-temperature calcination process, the polyvinyl alcohol is gradually decomposed, which increases the specific surface area of ​​the powder and improves the adsorption performance of the powder. Then, a cross-linking agent and furfural are added for two cross-linking treatments, and sodium alginate and glutamic acid are also introduced, which can not only form a stable cross-linked structure with the porous material, but also provide nutrient elements in the growth process. Combined with the technical means of drip irrigation nutrient solution, the root vitality can be improved, and the adaptability of pepper plants to adverse environments under low temperature and weak light stress can be improved. The synthesis of chlorophyll can also be promoted, photosynthesis is enhanced, and the growth of pepper seedlings and fruits is finally promoted. The present invention adopts green induction and a method for enhancing the self-immunity of pepper seeds, pepper seedlings and pepper plants under the premise of avoiding the use of complex management modes, promotes the uniform color change of peppers and the synthesis of nutrients, accelerates the coloring speed of fruits, reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests, increases pepper yield, enhances pepper quality, ensures storage resistance, and is conducive to the mechanized planting of peppers in solar greenhouses.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 only uses dispersed calcium carbonate for coating, which has poor water absorption and water retention capacity, unstable water retention performance, insufficient nutrient supply to seeds, affecting seed germination, and further affecting pepper seedling formation, resulting in poor plant development of peppers, weak disease and insect pest resistance and weak light resistance of peppers, ultimately reducing yield and quality, and weakening storage resistance; Comparative Example 2 only uses porous material as a nutrient matrix, which is insufficient for the nutrition of peppers, affecting the growth and development of peppers, and has weak stress resistance, and poor water absorption and water retention capacity, which also affects the yield and quality of peppers.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass ratios and percentages are by mass percentages.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized cultivation method for peppers in a solar greenhouse, characterized in that: It includes preparation of functionalized reagents, preparation of functionalized pepper seeds, sowing, and subsequent management steps; The preparation of the functionalized reagent includes the steps of preparing dispersed calcium carbonate, thiolization, cross-linking and functionalization; The thiolation step comprises placing carboxylic calcium carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide, adding N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the pH value to 4.7-5.0, stirring and activating at room temperature for 1.8-2.2 hours, adding cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan after the activation, raising the temperature to 36-40°C, stirring and reacting for 11.5-12.3 hours, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction, and obtaining the thiolated calcium carbonate; The cross-linking step comprises placing the calcium mercaptocarbonate in a sealed container, introducing a dimethyl sulfoxide solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion. After the ultrasonic dispersion is completed, the temperature is raised to 82-86° C. at a rate of 1.6-2.3° C. / min, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 5.8-6.2 hours. After the stirring reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain the cross-linked calcium carbonate. The functionalization step comprises mixing cross-linked calcium carbonate, hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, functional additives and amino oligosaccharides, homogenizing the mixture, stirring the mixture evenly to obtain a first functional layer; mixing cross-linked calcium carbonate with hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, imidacloprid and curcumin, stirring the mixture evenly, homogenizing the mixture, and obtaining a second functional layer; The sowing step is to scatter 28-32 kg of nutrient matrix per mu after rotary tilling the soil; The preparation method of the nutrient matrix comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and attapulgite powder, adding the mixture to deionized water, stirring evenly, adding polyvinyl alcohol to heat the mixture, filtering out the mixture, drying the mixture, and then calcining the mixture to obtain a porous substance; placing the porous substance in an ethanol solution, adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and polyethylene wax, stirring evenly, adding a cross-linking agent and sodium alginate, performing a cross-linking reaction at 38-42° C. for 5.8-6.2 hours, filtering out the mixture after the cross-linking reaction is completed, and then placing the mixture in deionized water, adding glutamic acid and furfural, raising the temperature to 56-60° C., and performing a heat preservation reaction for 3.8-4.2 hours. After the heat preservation reaction is completed, filtering and washing the mixture, and then drying the mixture at 68-72° C. to a constant weight to obtain a nutrient matrix.

2. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of preparing dispersed calcium carbonate is as follows: placing calcium carbonate in a calcining furnace for calcining, the calcining temperature is 342-356° C., the calcining time is 3.8-4.2 hours, after the calcining is completed, the temperature is naturally reduced to room temperature, and then placed in a sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature is increased to 60-65° C., and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 1.0-1.5 hours. After the keeping warm and stirring is completed, the mixture is filtered out, and then placed in an ethanol solution, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide are added for ball milling, the ball milling time is 37-42 minutes, the ball milling speed is 120-130 rpm, the ball milling temperature is 53-56° C., and the ball-to-material ratio is 2-4:

1. After the ball milling is completed, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain dispersed calcium carbonate; The particle size of the calcium carbonate is 250-270nm; The mass ratio of the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide solution, the ethanol solution, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.9 g of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide is 11.2-11.7:116-125:96-105:0.4-0.6:0.8-1.0; The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 28-32%; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 33-38%.

3. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the thiolation step, the mass volume ratio of the carboxy calcium carbonate, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, cysteine ​​hydrochloride and chitosan is 9.7-9.7g:0.9-1.0L:1.4-1.6g:2.5-2.7g:3.5-4.0g:2.0-2.3g; The preparation method of carboxylic calcium carbonate comprises placing dispersed calcium carbonate in an ammonium persulfate solution, stirring evenly, raising the temperature to 60-64° C., maintaining the temperature and stirring for 9.6-10.3 hours, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed to obtain carboxylic calcium carbonate; The mass ratio of the dispersed calcium carbonate and the ammonium persulfate solution is 9.7-10.3 g:440-460 mL; The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 23-27%.

4. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cross-linking step, the ultrasonic dispersion has an ultrasonic time of 13-18 min, an ultrasonic power of 112-117 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 30-33 kHz; The mass volume ratio of the calcium mercaptocarbonate and dimethyl sulfoxide solution is 7.7-8.2 g:380-410 mL; The mass concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide solution is 38-42%.

5. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the functionalization step, the homogenization time is 4-6 min, the homogenization times are 2 times, and the homogenization pressure is 3.8-4.2 MPa; In the first functional layer, the mass ratio of the cross-linked calcium carbonate, carboxymethyl cellulose solution, functional additive, and amino oligosaccharide is 13.0-13.5 g: 4.8-5.2 g: 0.11-0.15 mg: 0.8-1.2 mg; The mass concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 0.8-1.2%; The functional additive is a mixture of ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.8-2.2:1.7-2.3:0.9-1.1; In the second functional layer, the mass ratio of the cross-linked calcium carbonate, hydroxymethyl cellulose solution, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, imidacloprid and curcumin is 10.1-10.5:3.6-4.0:0.7-1.0:0.08-0.12:0.10-0.13; The mass concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 0.8-1.2%.

6. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of preparing the functionalized pepper seeds is as follows: pouring high-quality pepper seeds of uniform size into a pelletizing coating machine, first adding the first functional layer and stirring, the stirring speed is 78-83 rpm, the stirring time is 1.8-2.3 min, and then adding the second functional layer and stirring, the stirring speed is 78-83 rpm, the stirring time is 2.4-2.6 min, after the stirring is completed, taking out the seeds, and drying them at 36-39° C. for 1.8-2.2 h to obtain the functionalized pepper seeds; The variety of the pepper seeds is Jijiao No. 8; The mass ratio of the pepper seeds, the first functional layer and the second functional layer is 2.0-2.2:6.0-6.5:4.1-4.

5.

7. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing step comprises: using a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage on the soil in the solar greenhouse, the rotary tillage depth is 11-14 cm, after the rotary tillage is completed, 28-32 kg of nutrient matrix and 14-16 kg of compound fertilizer are spread per mu, and after the spreading is completed, rotary tillage is performed again, the rotary tillage depth is 15-18 cm, after the rotary tillage is completed, the soil is naturally dried for 3 days, and then a mechanical precision film-laying seeder is used to lay a drip irrigation belt, cover the ground film, and sow the seeds, controlling 2 seeds per hole, a plant spacing of 10-14 cm, and a row spacing of 23-27 cm, to complete the sowing step; The compound fertilizer has a N content of 14-17%, a P2O5 content of 14-16%, and a K2O content of 15-16%; In the preparation method of the nutrient matrix, the mass ratio of the porous substance, ethanol solution, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene wax, cross-linking agent, sodium alginate, deionized water, glutamic acid and furfural is 7.2-7.5:95-104:0.8-1.2:0.3-0.5:0.7-0.9:1.3-1.7:98-104:1.8-2.2:0.10-0.13; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 26-30%; The cross-linking agent is a mixture of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and the mass ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.8-1.2:

1.

8. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the nutrient matrix, the preparation method of the porous substance is to mix biochar and attapulgite powder, add them to deionized water, stir them evenly, add polyvinyl alcohol to heat them, the heating rate is 2.5-3.5°C / min, the temperature is increased to 87-92°C, stirred for 27-33min, filtered out, dried, and then calcined at 316-325°C for 1.8-2.3h to obtain a porous substance; The mass ratio of the biochar, attapulgite powder, deionized water and polyvinyl alcohol is 5.0-5.5:4.3-4.7:90-100:1.0-1.

3.

9. The mechanized cultivation method of pepper in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The subsequent management steps are: drip irrigation after sowing, drip irrigation until the soil around the seeds is soaked with water and there is no water accumulation, drip irrigation again 10 days after sowing, drip irrigation until the soil moisture content around the seeds is 62-67%; when the pepper seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, drip irrigation of nutrient solution, the drip irrigation amount is 0.33-0.36kg per plant, drip irrigation once every 7 days, a total of 3 times, and the rest of the cultivation methods are in accordance with general cultivation management; The nutrient solution is a mixture of deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride and sodium molybdate is 1000g:3.4-3.7mg:1.0-1.5mg:0.8-1.2mg:1.0-1.4mg.

Images