Distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupling hydrogen storage and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy supply, and provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupling hydrogen storage and a working method thereof.The working method comprises the steps that a photovoltaic panel provides electric energy for a user through a first DC / AC converter, and electric energy is provided for an electrolytic cell through the first DC / DC converter; the electrolytic bath generates hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen is conveyed to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electric energy for a user through a fourth DC / AC converter; and heat exchange is carried out between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation. The hydrogen supply rate and the process stability are improved, waste heat in the distributed energy supply system is fully recycled, and the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy supply, and in particular to a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As a common hydrogen storage method, metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage has the advantages of good safety and low pressure. However, a single hydrogen storage method has different defects in volume hydrogen storage density, energy consumption, dynamic response and space occupation. The use of solid-state and gaseous coupled hydrogen storage is an effective way to solve these problems. At the same time, the new hydrogen storage method of coupling solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage can effectively meet the energy storage needs and dynamic response of hydrogen fuel cells or fixed power generation systems, providing an opportunity for the scale diversification of distributed energy supply systems.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cells have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low operating temperature, fast dynamic response speed and energy recycling. Affected by the electrical efficiency of fuel cells, a large amount of heat will be generated in the process of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. The recycling of the generated heat will help improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, improve system reliability and promote the development of cogeneration systems.

[0005] The construction and application of hydrogen energy storage distributed energy supply systems play an important role in promoting the development of renewable energy. At present, most of the distributed energy supply systems that have been applied use gaseous hydrogen storage, which has problems such as low hydrogen storage efficiency and high cost. Some distributed energy supply systems that use solid-state hydrogen storage have not yet considered new paths for coupling hydrogen storage technology, and there is still room for improvement in hydrogen storage efficiency, process stability, energy consumption and cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and a working method thereof, which not only realizes the hydrogen supply requirement of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by coordinating the working mode of metal hydride solid hydrogen storage and the hydrogen buffer tank, thereby improving the hydrogen supply rate and process stability, but also passes the waste heat generated by the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, thereby realizing full recovery and utilization of the waste heat in the distributed energy supply system including solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage.

[0008] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, comprising a photovoltaic panel, a first DC / AC converter, a first DC / DC converter, an electrolyzer, a metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen buffer tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fourth DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel is connected to a user via a first DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electrolyzer via a first DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the electrolyzer; The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen to transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to a user via a fourth DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; Heat exchange is performed between the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a second DC / DC converter and a low-voltage battery; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the low-voltage battery via a second DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery; The low-voltage battery is connected to a user to provide electric energy to the user.

[0010] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to a low-voltage battery via a third DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a second DC / AC converter, an electric water heater and a heat storage tank; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electric water heater via a second DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the electric water heater; The hot water generated by the operation of the electric water heater is stored in the hot water tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the hot water generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is stored in the hot water tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen in the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank passes through the second humidifier, the hydrogen flow meter, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor in sequence, and enters the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0014] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the second humidifier through a circulating hydrogen pump.

[0015] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and air enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and the air inlet in sequence.

[0016] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with a reaction air outlet, and the reaction air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides a working method of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy to the user through the first DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel provides electrical energy to the electrolyzer through a first DC / DC converter; The electrolyzer produces hydrogen and oxygen, and transmits the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electricity to the user through the fourth DC / AC converter; Heat is exchanged between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage described in the present invention coordinates the working mode of metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen buffer tank to meet the hydrogen supply requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Compared with the traditional single hydrogen storage mode, the hydrogen supply rate and process stability are improved.

[0019] The distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage described in the present invention realizes full recovery and utilization of waste heat in the distributed energy supply system by passing the waste heat generated by the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, a heat storage tank and a heat user, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0025] In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are relational words determined only for the convenience of describing the structural relationships of the various parts or elements of the present invention, and do not specifically refer to any part or element in the present invention and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0026] In the present invention, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Relevant scientific research or technical personnel in this field can determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances, and they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0028] Example 1 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage.

[0029] This embodiment provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a solar photovoltaic panel 1, a first DC / DC converter 2, an electrolyzer 3, a first solenoid valve 4, an oxygen cylinder 5, a second solenoid valve 6, a compressor 7, a second DC / DC converter 8, a first DC / AC converter 9, a second DC / AC converter 10, an electric water heater 11, a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12, a hydrogen buffer tank 13, a third solenoid valve 14, a low-voltage battery 15, a third DC / AC converter 16, a user 17, a heat storage tank 18, a fourth DC / AC converter 19, a third DC / DC converter 20, a fourth solenoid valve 21, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, an air filter 23, an air compressor 24, a first humidifier 25, an air flow meter 26, a first pressure sensor 27, a first temperature sensor 28, a fifth solenoid valve 29, a second temperature sensor 30, a second pressure sensor 31, a hydrogen flow meter 32, a second humidifier 33, and a circulating hydrogen pump 34.

[0030] The solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the low-voltage battery 15 via a second DC / DC converter 8 .

[0031] The solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the user 17 via a first DC / AC converter 9 .

[0032] The solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the electric water heater 11 through the second DC / AC converter 10 , and the electric water heater 11 is connected to the heat storage tank 18 .

[0033] Among them, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the electrolyzer 3 through the first DC / DC converter 2, the electrolyzer 3 is connected to the oxygen cylinder 5 through the first solenoid valve 4, and the electrolyzer 3 is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank 13 through the second solenoid valve 6, the compressor 7 and the third solenoid valve 14 in turn.

[0034] Among them, the hydrogen buffer tank 13 is interconnected with the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12, and the hydrogen buffer tank 13 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 through the second humidifier 33, the hydrogen flow meter 32, the second pressure sensor 31, and the second temperature sensor 30 in sequence.

[0035] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with an air (oxygen) inlet, and the air enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 through the air filter 23, the air compressor 24, the first humidifier 25, the air flow meter 26, the first pressure sensor 27, the first temperature sensor 28 and the air inlet in sequence.

[0036] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the second humidifier 33 through a circulating hydrogen pump 34 .

[0037] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with a reaction air outlet, and a fifth solenoid valve 29 is provided at the reaction air outlet.

[0038] The electrodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 are connected to the user 17 via the fourth DC / AC converter 19 ; the electrodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 are connected to the low-voltage battery 15 via the third DC / DC converter 20 .

[0039] The low-voltage battery 15 is connected to a user 17 via a third DC / AC converter 16 .

[0040] The water outlet (coolant outlet) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is connected to the user 17 , the heat storage tank 18 and the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12 through the fourth solenoid valve 21 .

[0041] The heat storage tank 18 is connected to the user 17 .

[0042] The water outlet of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12 is connected to the water inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 .

[0043] When the sunshine conditions are sufficient during the day, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 absorbs sunlight and directly supplies electricity to the user 17 through the first DC / AC converter 9. After the use requirements are met, the excess electricity is stored in the low-voltage battery 15 through the second DC / DC converter 8. After the low-voltage battery 15 stores the electricity, the excess electricity generated by solar energy is stored through the second DC / AC converter 10 to drive the electric water heater 11 to generate hot water, and is stored in the hot water tank 18. Subsequently, the excess electricity drives the electrolyzer 3 to operate through the first DC / DC converter 2 to generate oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen is stored in the oxygen cylinder 5 through the first solenoid valve 4; the generated hydrogen passes through the second solenoid valve 6, and after the compressor 7 appropriately increases the pressure, it passes through the third solenoid valve 14 and the hydrogen buffer tank 13 to be stored in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12.

[0044] When the sunlight is insufficient at night or during the day, energy will be supplied to the user 17 through the coordinated operation of the low-voltage battery 15, the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell 22 during the hydrogen storage process. Among them, the low-voltage battery 15 preferentially provides electric energy to the user through the third DC / AC converter 16. After the stored electric energy is basically supplied, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 begins to provide electric energy. At this time, due to the limitation of the hydrogen supply rate of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 needs to release hydrogen. The hydrogen is first transferred to the hydrogen buffer tank 13 and then released to the outside by the hydrogen buffer tank 13, so that the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 and the hydrogen buffer tank 13 can coordinate with each other to ensure that the speed of hydrogen supply to the outside can meet the normal use requirements. The hydrogen is humidified by the second humidifier 33 to meet the use requirements of the fuel cell. The flow rate, pressure and temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell are measured by the hydrogen flowmeter 32, the second pressure sensor 31 and the second temperature sensor 30, thereby based on the flow The measured values ​​of the quantity, pressure and temperature are used to timely adjust the opening of the third solenoid valve 14 and the working power of the second humidifier 33 to ensure that the supplied hydrogen flow, temperature and humidity meet the normal use of the fuel cell. The air passes through the air filter 23 to filter the relevant impurities therein, and the pressure of the supplied air is appropriately increased by the air compressor 24. The first humidifier 25 humidifies the air to meet the use requirements of the fuel cell. The air flow meter 26, the first pressure sensor 27, and the first temperature sensor 28 complete the flow, pressure and temperature measurement of the air supplied to the fuel cell. The corresponding air is matched according to the operation of the fuel cell, and the air excess ratio of the fuel cell is maintained at 1.65-2 to meet the normal use of the fuel cell when the load is connected, and the voltage drop and voltage fluctuation under the load change are minimized to the greatest extent, and the high fuel cell performance is maintained. The chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, and the electrical energy is preferentially supplied to the user 17 through the fourth DC / AC converter 19. When this electrical energy supply can meet the normal use of the user, the excess electrical energy is supplied to the low-voltage battery 15 through the third DC / DC converter 20. The heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is taken away by the coolant (from the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12), and is first supplied to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through the fourth solenoid valve 21 to meet the heat requirements of its hydrogen release process. The other heat is first supplied to the user 17. When the user's heat meets the use requirements, the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank 18. When the user side 17 needs to use hot water, the heat generated by the reaction of the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell is used to supply it. The hydrogen that has not fully reacted returns to the second humidifier 33 through the circulating hydrogen pump 34, and after a series of treatments, it enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 again for reaction. The air after the reaction passes through the fifth solenoid valve 29 and is directly discharged.

[0045] This embodiment provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, which coordinates the working mode of metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen buffer tank to achieve the hydrogen supply requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Compared with the traditional single hydrogen storage mode, the hydrogen supply rate and process stability are improved.

[0046] The present embodiment provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage. By passing the waste heat generated by the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, a heat storage tank and a heat user, the waste heat in the distributed energy supply system is fully recovered and utilized, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system.

[0047] Example 2 Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a working method of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Hydrogen storage process.

[0048] When the sunshine conditions are sufficient during the day, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 absorbs sunlight and directly supplies electricity to the user 17 through the first DC / AC converter 9. After the use requirements are met, the excess electricity is stored in the low-voltage battery 15 through the second DC / DC converter 8. After the low-voltage battery 15 stores the electricity, the excess electricity generated by solar energy is stored through the second DC / AC converter 10 to drive the electric water heater 11 to produce hot water, and is stored in the hot water tank 18. Subsequently, the excess electricity drives the electrolyzer 3 to operate through the first DC / DC converter 2 to produce oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen is stored in the oxygen cylinder 5 through the first solenoid valve 4; the generated hydrogen passes through the second solenoid valve 6, and after the compressor 7 appropriately increases the pressure, it is stored in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through the hydrogen buffer tank 13 through the third solenoid valve 14.

[0049] (2) Hydrogen release process.

[0050] When the sunlight is insufficient at night or during the day, energy is supplied to the user 17 through the coordinated operation of the low-voltage battery 15, the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell 22 during the hydrogen storage process.

[0051] Among them, the low-voltage battery 15 preferentially provides electric energy to the user through the third DC / AC converter 16. After the stored electric energy is basically supplied, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 begins to provide electric energy. At this time, due to the limitation of the hydrogen supply rate of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 needs to release hydrogen. The hydrogen is first transferred to the gaseous buffer tank 12 and then released outward from the gaseous buffer tank 12, so that the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 and the gaseous buffer tank 13 are coordinated with each other to ensure that the speed of supplying hydrogen to the outside can meet the normal use requirements. The hydrogen is humidified by the second humidifier 33 to meet the fuel cell's demand for hydrogen. Humidity requirements, hydrogen flow meter 32, second pressure sensor 31, second temperature sensor 30 complete the flow, pressure and temperature measurement of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell, thereby timely adjusting the valve opening and humidifier working power to ensure that the supplied hydrogen flow, temperature and humidity meet the normal use of the fuel cell, the air passes through the air filter 23 to filter the relevant impurities, the air compressor 24 appropriately increases the pressure of the supplied air, the first humidifier 25 humidifies the air to meet the use requirements of the fuel cell, and the air flow meter 26, first pressure sensor 27, first temperature sensor 28 complete the flow, pressure and temperature measurement of the air supplied to the fuel cell. The chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, and the voltage is increased by the third DC / DC converter 20 after passing through the fourth DC / AC converter 19, and the electrical energy is supplied to the user 17 first. When this electrical energy supply can meet the normal use of the user, the excess electrical energy is supplied to the low-voltage battery 15. The heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is taken away by the coolant (from the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12), and is first supplied to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through the fourth solenoid valve 21 to meet the heat requirements of its hydrogen release process. The other heat is first supplied to the user 17. When the user's heat meets the use requirements, the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank 18. When the user side 17 needs to use hot water, the heat generated by the reaction of the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell is used to supply it. The hydrogen that has not fully reacted returns to the second humidifier 33 through the circulating hydrogen pump 34, and after a series of treatments, it enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 again for reaction. The air after the reaction passes through the fifth solenoid valve 29 and is directly discharged.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic panel, a first DC / AC converter, a first DC / DC converter, an electrolyzer, a metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen buffer tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fourth DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel is connected to a user via a first DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electrolyzer via a first DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the electrolyzer; The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen to transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to a user via a fourth DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; Heat exchange is performed between the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation.

2. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a second DC / DC converter and a low-voltage battery; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the low-voltage battery via a second DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery; The low-voltage battery is connected to a user to provide electric energy to the user.

3. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the low-voltage battery via a third DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery.

4. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a fourth DC / AC converter, an electric water heater and a heat storage tank; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electric water heater via a second DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the electric water heater; The hot water generated by the operation of the electric water heater is stored in the hot water tank.

5. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The hot water generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is stored in the hot water tank.

6. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank passes through the second humidifier, the hydrogen flow meter, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor in sequence, and enters the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

7. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the second humidifier through a circulating hydrogen pump.

8. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and air enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and the air inlet in sequence.

9. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with a reaction air outlet, and the reaction air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve.

10. A working method of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy to the user through the first DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel provides electrical energy to the electrolyzer through a first DC / DC converter; The electrolyzer produces hydrogen and oxygen, and transmits the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electricity to the user through the fourth DC / AC converter; Heat is exchanged between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation.

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