Transplanting and planting method for efficient field propagation of detoxified original sugarcane seedlings

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a transplanting planting method for efficient field propagation of detoxified original sugarcane seedlings. According to the method disclosed by the invention, on the premise of ensuring the quality (stem diameter thickness and seed bud vitality) of the harvested virus-free seed stems, more effective lateral buds of the virus-free seed stems can be obtained in unit area, and the reduction of the large-field large-scale breeding cost of the sugarcane virus-free seedlings and the improvement of the overall propagation efficiency are promoted; the method has a positive promotion effect on popularization and planting of sugarcane virus-free seedlings in China and improvement of the coverage rate of improved varieties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of sugarcane planting, and in particular relates to a transplanting and planting method for efficiently multiplying and propagating detoxified original seedlings of sugarcane in the field. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important raw material crop for edible sugar in my country, with a planting area of ​​more than 18 million mu all year round. It is also the largest economic crop in tropical and subtropical regions of my country. Long-term asexual reproduction and perennial cultivation of sugarcane plants are easily infected and accumulated by various pathogens such as mosaic disease and perennial dwarfing disease, which leads to the degradation of sugarcane species and reduces yield and sucrose content. The virus-free sugarcane seedlings cultivated by constant temperature heat treatment combined with axillary bud meristem culture can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these diseases. At the same time, it can maintain the high yield and high sugar species of excellent varieties through purification and rejuvenation, and extend the perennial life. It is the most effective measure to promote the sustainable and healthy development of sugarcane production.

[0003] The large-scale promotion and planting of sugarcane virus-free seedlings is inseparable from the economical and efficient field propagation technology, among which the field propagation process from the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings cultivated in the laboratory to the production of sugarcane virus-free seed stems is one of the most important links. Before the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings enter the field for transplanting and propagation, they need to go through a transplanting process (such as "A method for transplanting healthy sugarcane seedlings in the open air"; Patent No.: ZL201110462984.1). After transplanting, the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings with complete root systems and strong adaptability can be transplanted to the field for the propagation of sugarcane virus-free seed stems. Different from the conventional raw sugarcane planting which focuses on higher yield and sucrose content, the field propagation of detoxified sugarcane seedlings is more focused on more effective buds per unit area. At the same time, there are certain requirements for the vitality of the lateral buds on the whole stem of the sugarcane plant at harvest (the number of lateral buds on a single seed stem shall not exceed 15 to ensure that the buds at the base remain full and fresh and have a strong germination ability) and the stem diameter (the quality of the seed stem requires a stem diameter of not less than 20mm to ensure the germination ability of the seed stem under drought conditions).

[0004] In addition, unlike the tillering rate of less than 200% in conventional sugarcane seed stem planting, the virus-free original sugarcane seedlings cultivated by tissue culture have the characteristics of super high tillering rate, which can reach more than 700% under the condition of sufficient base fertilizer. Too high tillering rate usually leads to the consumption of light, heat and nutrient resources by a large number of ineffective tillering plants, which has an adverse effect on group growth. At the same time, too high a number of tillering stems may also cause the seed stems to be too thin and fail to meet the seed stem quality requirement standard of stem diameter not less than 20mm. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the survival rate of transplantation, by adjusting the planting density of field transplantation of virus-free original sugarcane seedlings and accurately managing water and fertilizer management technology, the growth of seedlings, tillering and stem group growth can be regulated, which can ensure the quality of breeding virus-free seed stems while obtaining higher propagation efficiency and benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a transplanting and planting method for efficiently propagating sugarcane virus-free stock seedlings in the field, which solves the problems commonly existing in the field propagation process of sugarcane virus-free stock seedlings, such as low transplanting survival rate, too high tillering rate, many ineffective tillers, too thin seed stems, low propagation efficiency, etc., and improves the field propagation efficiency of sugarcane virus-free stock seedlings as a whole while ensuring the quality of breeding sugarcane virus-free seed stems.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0007] A method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Transplanting and cultivation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings: Select sugarcane seedlings with complete root system development, grow them to a pseudostem height of no less than 5 cm, cut off 1 / 3 of the leaf tip, and transplant them to the field in time to improve the survival rate after transplanting;

[0009] (2) Planting and management of virus-free sugarcane seedlings and transplanting them into the field:

[0010] ① Selection of breeding plots: Select plots with flat terrain, medium fertility and close to water sources as the base for the expansion and propagation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings, so as to facilitate the subsequent drip irrigation management of water and fertilizer under the film;

[0011] ② Transplanting season, planting pattern and breeding varieties: 6 to 7 months in advance of the main planting period of sugarcane seed stems in spring, the field transplanting of poison-free sugarcane seedlings and breeding of poison-free seed stems will be carried out; the transplanting planting adopts the wide and narrow row pattern, and the breeding varieties are mainly for the main varieties with large planting areas in my country;

[0012] ③ Preparation and assembly of drip irrigation facilities under the film for transplanting and planting: Before transplanting and planting, complete the processes of digging planting furrows, covering soil, laying drip irrigation tapes and covering the ground with film according to the row spacing requirements;

[0013] ④ Transplanting and planting method: 2 days before transplanting, first use the drip irrigation facilities under the film to drip water through the planting plot, and then transplant the virus-free sugarcane seedlings on both sides of the middle drip irrigation belt according to the above row spacing and plant spacing;

[0014] ⑤ Water management after planting: Water management after transplanting the original seedlings, drip irrigation to supplement water supply according to soil moisture conditions;

[0015] ⑥ Nutrient management after planting: All nutrient management after the original seedlings are transplanted to the field is carried out by drip irrigation and fertilizer integration under the film, and no base fertilizer is applied; during the entire breeding cycle, drip irrigation and fertilization are carried out 8 times in accordance with the growth conditions of the seedlings at different stages, and a total of 28-32kg of urea, 14-16kg of monoammonium phosphate, and 18-22kg of potassium chloride are applied;

[0016] ⑦Sugarcane pests, diseases and weeds and intertillage management: During the field propagation of detoxified sugarcane seedlings, timely control of pests and weeds is carried out. At the same time, mechanical intertillage is carried out in time when the sugarcane begins to joint. Diseases mainly include brown spot disease, tiger spot disease, etc., and pests mainly include borers, thrips, aphids, etc.

[0017] ⑧ Time for harvesting the poison-free sugarcane seed stems: When the sugarcane is planted to the main planting period, the poison-free sugarcane seed stems can be harvested.

[0018] Furthermore, the transplanted seedlings are sugarcane virus-free original seedling plug-tray transplanted seedlings, and the pseudostem height of the transplanted seedlings is 6 to 7 cm; the transplanted seedlings are preferably cultivated by the method described in Patent No. ZL201110462984.1, patent name "A method for outdoor transplanting and transplanting healthy sugarcane seedlings", and sugarcane virus-free original seedling plug-tray transplanted seedlings cultivated by other methods can also be selected.

[0019] Furthermore, in step ②, in the main sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the virus-free seed stems bred are used for the spring planting of sugarcane from late February to March of the following year, and the transplanted seedlings of the virus-free original seedlings can be transplanted to the field in early July of the same year; the transplanted varieties are Guiliu 05-136 or Guitang No. 42; the planting row spacing is set to the minimum row spacing requirement of 120 cm suitable for mechanized operation, the narrow row spacing is 48-52 cm, and the plant spacing is 48-52 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step ③, the drip irrigation tape with a diameter of 16 mm and a drip hole spacing of 25 to 30 cm and a rated flow rate of 2.5 to 3.0 L / h is laid in the middle of the narrow row, and then the virus-free original seedlings are transplanted and planted on both sides of the narrow row for drip irrigation of water and fertilizer; at the same time, a transparent ground film with a thickness of 0.01 mm and a width of 100 cm is used to cover the entire narrow row planting belt; the all-in-one machine described in patent number ZL 201720897424.1 and patent name "A machine for trenching, soil covering, pipe laying and film covering" is used to complete the processes of trenching, soil covering, drip irrigation tape laying and ground film covering at the same time.

[0021] Furthermore, in the step ④, the detoxified sugarcane seedlings are transplanted and planted at a vertical distance of 24 to 26 cm on both sides of the middle drip irrigation belt, and the transplanted seedlings on both sides of the same narrow row of drip irrigation belt are arranged in a triangular shape with a vertical spacing of 50 cm; when transplanting and planting, first dig a small hole on the ground film, and then put the entire transplanted seedling root system into the hole, and take the soil to cover the seedling stem about 2 to 2.5 cm to ensure that the seedling does not fall.

[0022] Furthermore, in step ⑤, the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-25 cm tillage layer is maintained at 65-75% during the seedling stage; the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-35 cm tillage layer is maintained at 70-80% during the tillering stage; and the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-45 cm tillage layer is maintained at 75-85% during the stem elongation stage.

[0023] Further, in the step ⑥, the first fertilization is applied 7 days after transplanting, when the transplanted seedlings have adapted to the field environment, and 5% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; about 8 to 10 days after the first fertilization, about 50% of the seedlings enter the tillering stage, and 10% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; about 28 to 30 days after transplanting, the seedling tillering enters the peak stage, and 15% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; then, when the seedlings are jointing and entering the stem elongation stage, the fertilizer is applied to the seedlings. Long-term drip irrigation and fertilization were carried out 5 times. When more than 70% of the seed stems reached 1-2 nodes, 3-4 nodes, 5-6 nodes, 10-11 nodes and 13-14 nodes, 18%, 20%, 15%, 12% and 5% of all fertilizers were applied per mu respectively by drip irrigation. The fertilizers used had urea N content ≥46%, monoammonium phosphate N content ≥12%, P2O5 content ≥61%, and potassium chloride was white potassium chloride with K2O content ≥62%.

[0024] Furthermore, in step ⑧, if the virus-free sugarcane seedlings are transplanted in July of the current year, the virus-free seed stems can be harvested when more than 70% of the average number of buds per plant is 14 to 15 nodes in late February to early to mid-March of the following year.

[0025] Furthermore, the sugarcane varieties are Guiliu 05-136 and / or Guitang 42. For other main cultivated varieties, the above method can also be used for propagation as needed.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The method of the present invention first determines the best time to go out of the field after the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings are transplanted and cultivated through experiments to ensure that the subsequent field transplant survival rate is as high as 98% or more. At the same time, in view of the high tillering characteristics of the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings, by adjusting and setting a reasonable row spacing, reducing the supply of water and fertilizer in the early stage of tillering, obtaining a suitable tillering rate, reducing ineffective tillering, and at the same time, according to the water and fertilizer requirements of different periods, the drip irrigation under the film is differentiated to supply water and nutrients, thereby improving the group growth rate and the stem diameter of the sugarcane plant. Under the premise of ensuring the quality of the harvested virus-free seed stems (stem diameter thickness and seed bud vitality), a higher number of effective side buds of the virus-free seed stems can be obtained per unit area, which promotes the reduction of the cost of large-scale breeding of sugarcane virus-free seed seedlings in the field and the improvement of the overall expansion efficiency, and has a positive role in promoting the planting of sugarcane virus-free seed seedlings in my country and increasing the coverage rate of improved varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 To plant the poison-free sugarcane seedlings in plug trays for planting;

[0031] Figure 2 To use a trenching, soil covering, pipe laying and film covering all-in-one machine (patent number ZL 201720897424.1, patent name "a trenching, soil covering, pipe laying and film covering all-in-one machine") to dig planting trenches, cover soil and install drip irrigation facilities under the film in the field expansion plots;

[0032] Figure 3 The artificial field transplanting of the detoxified sugarcane seedlings is in progress;

[0033] Figure 4 The growth status of the virus-free sugarcane seedlings in the early stage of field propagation;

[0034] Figure 5 To detoxify the sugarcane stems to be harvested;

[0035] Figure 6 The sugarcane seed stems are being manually harvested for detoxification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] (1) Transplanting and transplanting of virus-free sugarcane seedlings: The transplanted seedlings ( Figure 1 ), when the pseudostem grows to be no less than 5cm, preferably 6-7cm, cut off 1 / 3 of the leaf tip and then transplant it out to the field to improve the survival rate of transplanted virus-free sugarcane seedlings.

[0039] (2) Planting and management of virus-free sugarcane seedlings and transplanting them into the field:

[0040] ① Selection of breeding plots: Select plots with flat terrain, medium fertility and close to water sources as the base for the expansion and propagation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings.

[0041] ② Transplanting season, varieties and planting patterns: In the main sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the bred virus-free seed stems are used for the spring planting of sugarcane from late February to March of the following year, and the transplanted seedlings of the virus-free original seedlings are transplanted to the field in early July of the same year; the bred varieties are the two main varieties with the largest planting area in my country, Guiliu 05-136 and Guitang No. 42; the transplanting planting adopts a wide and narrow row pattern, with a medium wide row spacing of 120 cm, a narrow row spacing of 48 to 52 cm, and a plant spacing of 48 to 52 cm. In order to facilitate farming, in this embodiment, the narrow row spacing and the plant spacing are both set to 50 cm.

[0042] ③ Preparation and assembly of drip irrigation facilities under the film for transplanting and planting plots: Before transplanting and planting, according to the row spacing requirements, a trenching, soil covering, pipe laying, and film covering all-in-one machine (patent number is ZL 201720897424.1, patent name is "A trenching, soil covering, pipe laying, and film covering all-in-one machine") is used to complete the processes of trenching, soil covering, drip irrigation tape laying, and ground film covering at the same time. The drip irrigation tape used is a 16mm diameter patch drip irrigation tape with a drip hole spacing of 25cm and a rated flow rate of 3.0L / h. It is laid in the middle of the narrow row, and then water and fertilizer are drip-irrigated for transplanting and planting virus-free original seedlings on both sides of the narrow row. At the same time, a transparent ground film with a thickness of 0.01mm and a width of 100cm is used to cover the entire narrow row planting belt (see Figure 2 ).

[0043] ④ Transplanting and planting method: 2 days before transplanting, first use the drip irrigation facilities under the film to drip water to thoroughly drip the planting plot, and then transplant the detoxified sugarcane seedlings at a vertical distance of 24 to 26 cm on both sides of the middle drip irrigation belt according to the aforementioned row spacing and plant spacing. In this embodiment, it is set at 25 cm, and the seedlings transplanted on both sides of the same narrow row are arranged in a triangular shape with a vertical spacing of 50 cm (see Figure 3-Figure 4 ). When transplanting, first dig a small hole in the ground film, then put the entire transplanted seedling root system into the hole, and take soil to cover the seedling stem about 2cm.

[0044] ⑤ Water management after planting: Water management after seedling transplanting and planting, drip irrigation to supplement water supply according to soil moisture conditions. During the seedling stage, keep the 0-25cm tillage layer soil relative moisture content at 65-75%; during the tillering stage, keep the 0-35cm tillage layer soil relative moisture content at 70-80%; during the stem extension period, keep the 0-45cm tillage layer soil relative moisture content at 75-85%.

[0045] ⑥ Nutrient management after planting: All nutrient management after seedlings are transplanted to the field is carried out by drip irrigation and fertilizer integration under the film, and no base fertilizer is applied. During the entire breeding cycle, drip irrigation and fertilization are carried out 8 times in accordance with the growth conditions of the seedlings at different stages, and a total of 30kg of urea (N content 46%), 15kg of monoammonium phosphate (N content 12%, P2O5 content 61%), and 20kg of white potassium chloride (K2O content 62%) are applied. Among them, the first fertilization is 7 days after transplanting and planting. At this time, the transplanted seedlings have adapted to the field environment and survived, and a few seedlings have begun to tiller. 5% of all fertilizers are applied per mu through drip irrigation. Apply fertilizer about 10 days after the first application, when more than 50% of the sugarcane plants enter the tillering stage, and apply 10% of the total fertilizer per mu by drip irrigation; about 30 days after transplanting, the tillering of the seedlings enters the peak stage, and apply 15% of the total fertilizer per mu by drip irrigation; then apply drip irrigation and fertilizer 5 times when the seedlings joint and enter the stem elongation growth stage, among which when more than 70% of the stems joint 1-2 nodes, 3-4 nodes, 5-6 nodes, 10-11 nodes and 13-14 nodes, apply 18%, 20%, 15%, 12% and 5% of the total fertilizer per mu by drip irrigation respectively.

[0046] ⑦Sugarcane pests, diseases, weeds and intertillage management: During the field propagation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings, the prevention and control of diseases such as brown spot disease and tiger spot disease, insect pests such as aphids, thrips, borers, weed pests, and rodent pests are the same as those in conventional production.

[0047] ⑧ Time for harvesting virus-free sugarcane seed stems: In the main planting period of spring sugarcane in early March of the following year, when more than 70% of the sugarcane buds are within 14-15 nodes, they should be harvested in time. At this time, the buds at the base of the seedlings are still full and fresh, with strong germination ability, the stem diameter is more than 20mm, the whole stem can be used for seeding, and the number of effective stems per mu is more than 9,000. This is the best time to harvest virus-free sugarcane seed stems (see Figure 5-Figure 6 ).

[0048] Test case 1

[0049] In order to obtain the best time for transplanting the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings, transplanting was set at different pseudostem heights, and the survival rate was investigated and compared after 15 days of field transplanting. The test site is located in the National Sugarcane Virus-Free Healthy Seedlings Breeding Base in Changping Township, Fusui County, Chongzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The sugarcane varieties bred are Guiliu 05-136 and Guitang No. 42, the two main varieties with the largest planting area in my country, which together account for about 60% of my country's sugarcane planting area. The two sugarcane varieties of virus-free original seedlings were cultivated and provided by the Sugarcane Virus-Free Seedlings Laboratory of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tropical Agricultural Sciences Academy. Six different pseudostem height treatments were set for the two varieties of sugarcane virus-free original seedlings during the transplanting period, and three replicates were set for each treatment. Each treatment area was set with 10 rows and a row length of 50m. Except for the different pseudostem heights when transplanting, the rest were the same as Example 1.

[0050] The specific treatment and test results are as follows:

[0051] Table 1. Comparative analysis of the survival rate of sugarcane virus-free original seedlings and transplanted seedlings at different field transplanting periods

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05)

[0055] As shown in Table 1, the survival rate of the two main varieties of sugarcane virus-free seedlings transplanted into the field is closely related to the height of the pseudostem of the seedlings when they are transplanted. As the height of the pseudostem increases, the survival rate gradually increases significantly from about 85% to more than 98%. However, when the pseudostem height of the seedlings is 6 cm, the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in each treatment is above 98%, and there is no statistically significant difference among the treatments. Due to the small space in the plug tray, the growth of the seedlings is significantly restricted. On the basis of ensuring a high survival rate of field transplantation, the pseudostem height of the seedlings is selected to be 6-7 cm, and the seedlings are transplanted into the field as soon as possible, which can speed up the field breeding speed and efficiency of the sugarcane virus-free seedlings.

[0056] Test case 2

[0057] In order to obtain efficient and reasonable management methods for field propagation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings, different transplanting density, water and fertilizer management methods and other treatments were set up, and various indicators of field propagation of each treatment were investigated and compared. The experimental site is located in the National Sugarcane Virus-Free Healthy Seedling Breeding Base in Changping Township, Fusui County, Chongzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The bred sugarcane varieties are Guiliu 05-136 and Guitang No. 42, the two main varieties with the largest planting area in my country, accounting for about 60% of my country's sugarcane planting area. The virus-free seedlings of the two sugarcane varieties were cultivated and provided by the Sugarcane Virus-Free Seedling Laboratory of the Guangxi Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The experiment set up a total of 11 treatments, each with 3 replicates, and each treatment area with 10 rows and a row length of 50m. The specific treatments are as follows:

[0058] Treatment 1 is exactly the same as Example 1.

[0059] Treatment 2 is different from Example 1 in that the fertilization method adopts the conventional method of directly applying granular fertilizer in two times, and the total amount applied is the same as Example 1. Conventional fertilization mainly considers two problems: the application of granular fertilizer requires soil covering and the sugarcane row is closed in the middle and late stages of jointing and it is impossible to enter the sugarcane field for fertilization. Therefore, usually in the process of seedling breeding, two agricultural machinery operations are used to complete the fertilizer application and soil covering, and all fertilizer application is completed in the early stage of sugarcane jointing. First, when preparing and assembling the drip irrigation facilities under the film of the transplanting planting plot, the "ditching, covering, pipe laying, and film covering all-in-one machine" equipped with a fertilization device is used to apply 40% of all fertilizers in the planting ditch as base fertilizer. Then at the beginning of jointing, the cultivator equipped with a fertilization device is used to apply the remaining 60% of the fertilizer in the planting belt at one time during the mechanical tillage and soiling operation, and the soil is covered simultaneously. The rest, including water management, is the same as Example 1, using a drip irrigation system to supplement water supply.

[0060] Treatment 3 is different from Example 1 in that the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied 5 times, and the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth cycle is the same as in Example 1. In the seedling stage, 10% fertilizer is dripped 1 week after transplanting; in the tillering stage, 15% fertilizer is dripped when 50% of the sugarcane plants begin to tiller; in the stem elongation growth stage, 25% fertilizer is dripped at the 1st to 2nd joint, the 5th to 6th joint, and the 9th to 10th joint. The rest, including water management, is the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Treatment 4 differs from Example 1 in that the planting distance is adjusted to 40 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0062] Treatment 5 differs from Example 1 in that the planting distance is adjusted to 60 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0063] Treatment 6 differs from Example 1 in that the narrow row spacing in the planting row spacing is adjusted to 40 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0064] Treatment 7 differs from Example 1 in that the narrow row spacing in the planting row spacing is adjusted to 60 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0065] Treatment 8 differs from Example 1 in that the wide row spacing in the planting rows is adjusted to 130 cm, and the narrow row spacing is adjusted to 40 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0066] Treatment 9 differs from Example 1 in that the wide row spacing in the planting rows is adjusted to 140 cm, and the narrow row spacing is adjusted to 30 cm, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0067] Treatment 10 differs from Example 1 in that a row spacing of 120 cm is used for planting, drip irrigation tapes are set 20 cm from the sides of the transplanted seedlings, and each drip irrigation tape supplies water and fertilizer to one row of virus-free sugarcane seedlings. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0068] Treatment 11 is different from Example 1 in that the irrigation standard for supplementary water during the entire growth period is to maintain the relative humidity of the 0-35 cm tillage layer soil between 70% and 80% according to the soil moisture conditions, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0069] During the experiment, the transplant survival rate, tillering rate, number of effective stems, stem formation rate, stem diameter, number of effective buds per plant and total number of effective buds were investigated in each treatment plot. First, the survival rate was investigated 10 days after the virus-free sugarcane seedlings were transplanted into the field. The number of unsurvived seedlings in the middle 6 rows and 30m area of ​​each plot was investigated, and the survival rate was calculated according to the formula: survival rate = (total number of transplanted seedlings - number of unsurvived seedlings) / total number of transplanted seedlings × 100%. The tillering rate was investigated 40 days after the field planting. The total number of seedlings in the middle 6 rows and 30m area of ​​each plot was investigated, and the tillering rate was calculated according to the formula: tillering rate = (total number of seedlings - number of transplanted surviving seedlings) / number of transplanted surviving seedlings × 100%. Then, before harvesting, the number of seedlings with a plant height of more than 80 cm in the middle 6 rows of each plot and a plant height of 30 m in the area was investigated (mostly a small amount of autumn bamboo shoots grow in the middle and late stages of jointing, and the number of lateral buds that can be used as seeds is small, so it is not counted as the number of effective stems), and converted into the number of seedlings per mu as the number of effective stems, and the stem diameter in the middle of 100 consecutive seedlings and the number of lateral buds of the whole plant were investigated to calculate the average stem diameter and the number of effective buds per plant. The formula for calculating the stem rate of each treatment is: stem rate = number of effective stems / [total number of transplanted seedlings × survival rate × (100% + tillering rate)] × 100%. In addition, in order to ensure the quality of virus-free seed stems during harvesting of each treatment, the best expansion and propagation benefits are taken into account at the same time. The economic benefit of harvesting is the highest when the number of effective buds per plant reaches 14 to 15 buds for each treatment. After more than 15 buds, the germination rate of the lateral buds at the bottom base will be affected, and this part of the seed stem needs to be removed during harvesting, wasting the harvesting labor cost. Therefore, the seedlings of each treatment were harvested when they reached the 14-15 bud growth period and had the best economic benefits, and the total number of effective buds was calculated based on this. The specific results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0070] Table 2. Comparison of various indicators of field propagation of Guiliu 05-136 sugarcane virus-free seedlings under different treatments

[0071]

[0072] Table 3 Comparison of various indicators of field propagation of Guitang 42 sugarcane virus-free original seedlings under different treatments

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from Tables 2 and 3, by the method of the present invention, a reasonable planting row spacing is set, and differentiated water and fertilizer management is performed according to different growth periods of seedling propagation. In treatment 1, the number of effective stems of the virus-free original seedlings of two main sugarcane varieties in my country for field propagation can reach more than 9,000 plants / mu, and the total number of effective buds reaches 128,300 and 130,500 buds / mu respectively, which are significantly higher than other treatments, and the average stem diameter of the sugarcane plants is more than 22 mm, and more than 98.5% of the stem diameters reach more than 20 mm.

[0075] Treatment 2 used the conventional method of directly applying granular fertilizer in two times, and the amount of base fertilizer reached 40% of the total fertilizer. The tillering rate of the two varieties of virus-free original seedlings was the highest, but there were more ineffective tillers, and the final stem rate was only about 60%. The number of effective stems and total buds were significantly lower than that of treatment 1, and the average stem diameter of the sugarcane plants was less than 20 mm, which did not meet the standard for virus-free sugarcane stems.

[0076] Treatment 3 applied drip fertilization five times. More fertilizer was applied in the early stage of tillering than in treatment 1. The overall tillering rate was higher than that in treatment 1, but the stem formation rate in the later stage was only about 70%, resulting in significantly fewer effective stems and final effective buds than in treatment 1.

[0077] In treatment 4, the planting distance was reduced to 40 cm, and the planting density per unit area was increased by 25% compared with treatment 1. The overall tillering rate and stem formation rate were significantly reduced, and the final number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than those in treatment 1.

[0078] In treatment 5, the planting distance was increased to 60 cm, and the planting density decreased by 16.7% relative to that in treatment 1. Although the tillering rate increased significantly, the stem formation rate did not change much, and the final number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than that in treatment 1.

[0079] Treatment 6 reduced the row spacing to 40 cm, and the planting density increased by only 6.3% relative to treatment 1, but the tillering rate decreased significantly, the stem rate also decreased slightly, and the final number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than that of treatment 1.

[0080] In treatment 7, the narrow row spacing was increased to 60 cm, and the planting density decreased by 5.5% relative to that in treatment 1. The corresponding tillering rate showed a certain improvement. However, the increase in narrow row spacing resulted in a significant increase in the distance from the drip irrigation belt to the sugarcanes on both sides, which may have affected the nutrient supply in the middle and late stages of growth, resulting in a certain degree of decrease in the stem rate. In the end, the number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than those in treatment 1.

[0081] In treatment 8, the medium-wide row spacing was adjusted to 130 cm and the narrow row spacing was adjusted to 40 cm. Although the overall planting density remained unchanged relative to treatment 1 and the wide row spacing increased, the narrow row spacing decreased, resulting in the influence of both the tillering rate and the stem formation rate. Finally, the number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than those in treatment 1.

[0082] In treatment 9, the wide row spacing was adjusted to 140 cm and the narrow row spacing was adjusted to 30 cm. Although the overall planting density remained unchanged and the wide row spacing increased compared to treatment 1, the narrow row spacing decreased significantly, which affected the tillering rate and stem formation rate. In the end, the number of effective stems and the total number of effective buds were the lowest among all treatments.

[0083] Treatment 10 adopted 120 cm equal row spacing for planting, and the planting density decreased by 29% compared with treatment 1, the tillering rate increased significantly, the stem formation rate was close to that of treatment 1, and the final number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than that of treatment 1. In addition, compared with wide and narrow row planting, two narrow rows shared one drip irrigation tape and mulch film, while equal row spacing planting required one drip irrigation tape and mulch film for each row, which would greatly increase the cost of drip irrigation tape and mulch film.

[0084] In treatment 11, water management was adjusted to a uniform 0-35 cm tillage layer soil relative humidity of 70-80% according to soil moisture conditions during the entire growth period. The early survival rate of transplanted seedlings and the later stem formation rate were affected to a certain extent, and the final number of effective stems and effective buds were significantly lower than those in treatment 1.

[0085] Based on the above results, it can be found that the amount of fertilizer applied at different times will affect the tillering rate and stem formation rate. At the same time, a high tillering rate will lead to a large number of ineffective tillers, which will squeeze out nutrient consumption and growth space, which is not conducive to group growth, and will affect the final number of effective stems and the total number of effective buds after the stem formation rate. At the same time, the row spacing setting will also have a great impact on the later tillering and stem formation. Among them, the adjustment of the spacing has a greater impact on the planting density per unit area; the narrow row spacing will have an adverse effect on both tillering and stem formation, and the narrow row spacing may cause the drip irrigation belt to be too far away from the seedling root system, affecting the absorption and utilization of water and fertilizer; equal row spacing planting will greatly reduce the planting density on the one hand, and there will be a problem that the amount of drip irrigation belt and mulch film will also increase significantly. In addition, the water requirements of detoxified sugarcane seedlings at different stages are different. Excessive water in the early stage and insufficient water in the later stage will have an adverse effect on the growth of seedlings. Therefore, through the method of the present invention, differentiated water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth conditions of the original sugarcane virus-free seedlings at different stages, and reasonable row spacing and planting density are set to reduce ineffective tillering and promote the improvement of stem formation rate. Under the premise of ensuring the quality of the harvested virus-free seed stems (stem diameter and seed bud vitality), higher propagation efficiency and total effective bud number per unit area are obtained.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Transplanting and transplanting of virus-free sugarcane seedlings: Select sugarcane seedlings with complete root system development, grow to a pseudostem height of no less than 5 cm, and cut off the tip of 1 / 3 of the leaf length before transplanting to the field to improve the survival rate after transplanting to the field; (2) Planting and management of virus-free sugarcane seedlings and transplanting them into the field: ① Selection of breeding plots: Select plots with flat terrain, medium fertility and close to water sources as the base for the expansion and propagation of virus-free sugarcane seedlings, so as to facilitate the subsequent drip irrigation management of water and fertilizer under the film; ② Transplanting season and planting pattern: Transplant the virus-free original seedlings to the field 6 to 7 months in advance of the main planting period of sugarcane seed stems in spring to breed virus-free seed stems; transplanting and planting adopts the wide and narrow row pattern; ③ Preparation and assembly of drip irrigation facilities under the film for transplanting and planting: Before transplanting and planting, complete the processes of digging planting furrows, covering soil, laying drip irrigation tapes and covering the ground with film according to the row spacing requirements; ④ Transplanting and planting method: 2 days before transplanting, first use the drip irrigation facilities under the film to drip water through the planting plot, and then transplant the virus-free sugarcane seedlings on both sides of the middle drip irrigation belt according to the above row spacing and plant spacing; ⑤ Water management after planting: Water management after transplanting the original seedlings, drip irrigation to supplement water supply according to soil moisture conditions; ⑥ Nutrient management after planting: All nutrient management after the original seedlings are transplanted to the field is carried out by drip irrigation and fertilizer integration under the film, and no base fertilizer is applied; during the entire breeding cycle, drip irrigation and fertilization are carried out 8 times in accordance with the growth conditions of the seedlings at different stages, and a total of 28-32kg of urea, 14-16kg of monoammonium phosphate, and 18-22kg of potassium chloride are applied; ⑦Sugarcane pests, diseases and weeds and intertillage management: During the field propagation of detoxified sugarcane seedlings, timely control of pests and weeds should be carried out. At the same time, mechanical intertillage should be carried out in time when the sugarcane begins to joint; ⑧ Time for harvesting the poison-free sugarcane seed stems: When the sugarcane is planted to the main planting period, the poison-free sugarcane seed stems can be harvested.

2. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the transplanted seedlings are sugarcane virus-free original seedlings transplanted in plug trays, and the height of the pseudostem of the transplanted seedlings is 6 to 7 cm.

3. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the transplanted seedlings are cultivated by the method described in Patent No. ZL201110462984.1, "A method for outdoor transplanting of healthy sugarcane seedlings", or the sugarcane virus-free seedlings are cultivated by other methods.

4. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step ②, in the main sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the virus-free seed stems bred are used for the spring planting of sugarcane from late February to March of the following year, and the transplanted seedlings of the virus-free original seedlings can be transplanted to the field in early July of the same year; the transplanted varieties are Guiliu 05-136 or Guitang No. 42; the planting row spacing is set to the minimum row spacing requirement of 120 cm suitable for mechanized operation, the narrow row spacing is 48-52 cm, and the plant spacing is 48-52 cm.

5. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step ③, the drip irrigation tape with a diameter of 16 mm, a drip hole spacing of 25 to 30 cm, and a rated flow rate of 2.5 to 3.0 L / h is used, which is laid in the middle of the narrow row, and then the virus-free original seedlings are transplanted and planted on both sides of the narrow row for drip irrigation of water and fertilizer; at the same time, a transparent ground film with a thickness of 0.01 mm and a width of 100 cm is used to cover the entire narrow row planting belt; the all-in-one machine described in the patent number ZL 201720897424.1 and the patent name "A ditching, soil covering, pipe laying, and film covering all-in-one machine" is used to complete the processes of ditching, soil covering, drip irrigation tape laying, and ground film covering at the same time.

6. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step ④, the sugarcane virus-free original seedlings are transplanted and planted at a vertical distance of 24 to 26 cm on both sides of the middle drip irrigation belt, and the original seedlings transplanted and planted on both sides of the same narrow row of drip irrigation belts are arranged in a triangular shape with a vertical spacing of 50 cm; when transplanting and planting, first dig a small hole on the ground film, then put the entire transplanted seedling root system into the hole, and take the soil to cover the seedling stems by about 2 to 2.5 cm to ensure that the seedlings do not fall.

7. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step ⑤, the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-25 cm tillage layer is maintained at 65-75% during the seedling stage; the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-35 cm tillage layer is maintained at 70-80% during the tillering stage; and the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-45 cm tillage layer is maintained at 75-85% during the stem elongation stage.

8. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step ⑥, the first fertilization is applied 7 days after transplanting, when the transplanted seedlings have adapted to the field environment, and 5% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; about 8 to 10 days after the first fertilization, about 50% of the seedlings enter the tillering stage, and 10% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; about 28 to 30 days after transplanting, the seedling tillering enters the peak stage, and 15% of the total fertilizer is applied per mu by drip irrigation; then, when the seedlings are jointing and entering the stem elongation growth stage, the seedlings are fertilized for 24 hours. Drip irrigation and fertilization were carried out 5 times in total. When more than 70% of the seed stems reached 1-2 nodes, 3-4 nodes, 5-6 nodes, 10-11 nodes and 13-14 nodes, 18%, 20%, 15%, 12% and 5% of all fertilizers were applied per mu respectively by drip irrigation. The fertilizers used had urea N content ≥46%, monoammonium phosphate N content ≥12%, P2O5 content ≥61%, and potassium chloride was white potassium chloride with K2O content ≥62%.

9. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting detoxified sugarcane seedlings in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step ⑧, if the virus-free sugarcane seedlings are transplanted in July of the current year, the virus-free seed stems can be harvested when more than 70% of the buds per plant have 14 to 15 nodes in late February to early or mid-March of the following year.

10. The method for efficiently propagating and transplanting virus-free sugarcane seedlings in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane varieties are Guiliu 05-136 and / or Guitang 42.

Images