Deep hole machining tool, deep hole machining system and deep hole machining method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a deep hole machining tool, a deep hole machining system and a deep hole machining method.The deep hole machining tool comprises a tool assembly and a main shaft assembly, the main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft piece, the main shaft piece is provided with a guide rail piece, the tool assembly comprises a cutter head piece, and the cutter head piece is installed on the main shaft piece and provided with a tool. The multiple cutters are arranged on the cutter head part, so that cutting stress can be shared when each cutter cuts a workpiece, the cutting stability of the cutters is effectively improved, elastic vibration deformation generated by cutting is reduced, the cutting precision of deep hole machining is guaranteed, multiple cutter head parts with different cutter lengths can be adopted for machining of different hole diameters, and the machining efficiency is improved. The tool does not need to be frequently replaced, re-disassembled, re-assembled and re-aligned, the position of the tool does not need to be adjusted for several times, overall deep hole machining can be completed through single-time clamping, the machining precision, the coaxial precision and the machining efficiency of deep hole machining are effectively improved, and a user can use the tool conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a deep hole machining tool, a deep hole machining system and a deep hole machining method. Background Art

[0002] Deep hole processing refers to a hole structure with a large ratio between the length of the processed hole and the diameter of the hole (the ratio is generally greater than 6). The processing process usually requires high processing accuracy and surface quality. Ensuring the processing accuracy and surface quality of deep hole processing is a difficult problem in the processing field.

[0003] The existing traditional deep hole processing usually adopts two processing methods, one is that the rotating tool processes the stationary workpiece, and the other is that the rotating workpiece is processed by the stationary tool. The existing processing method has the following disadvantages that are not convenient for users: 1. The existing processing method is limited by the size of the clamping tool holder and the processing tool, resulting in limited depth and diameter of the processed hole structure. When processing the hole structure, different lengths of tools need to be replaced for hole structures of different depths. Frequent replacement of tools leads to low processing efficiency. Replacing the tool will also affect the processing accuracy. After replacing the tool, it needs to be re-aligned, which consumes alignment time.

[0004] 2. Traditional tools used for deep hole processing are generally fixed on the tool holder by mechanical means. The clamped tool is similar to a cantilever arm structure (that is, after the tool tip extends from the tool holder, only the clamping end of the tool is supported on the machine tool, and the cutting end of the tool is in direct contact with the workpiece. The cutting end has no external force support, resulting in mechanical vibration during processing and large elastic vibration deformation). When the workpiece rotates at high speed or the tool rotates at high speed, since only the tool tip or the blade contacts the workpiece, the blade or the tool holder is prone to slight elastic vibration deformation in the cutting state. The elastic vibration deformation directly affects the processing accuracy and will emit huge processing noise.

[0005] 3. Since the tool is fixed to the tool holder mechanically, the cutting force between the tool and the workpiece is not easy to control during the machining process. When the feed rate is large, the tool wear will be aggravated. Although a wider blade can improve machining efficiency, it will also increase the chip force and cause a slight elastic vibration deformation, which will have an adverse effect on the machine tool and the tool, and directly affect the machining accuracy. Tool wear leading to tool replacement will also affect machining efficiency.

[0006] 4. In the process of deep hole processing, only the tip or blade of the traditional tool contacts the workpiece, and the blade body is usually not worn or damaged. The tip and blade of the tool are made of cemented carbide with an integrated structure, and the overall replacement cost of the tool is high.

[0007] 5. For non-continuous hole structures with different diameters that require high coaxiality, the tool needs to be adjusted multiple times during the processing to achieve it, or the workpiece needs to be processed in sections, change its posture and re-clamp it to complete it. Disassembling and assembling the workpiece or replacing the tool will directly affect the processing accuracy, and disassembling and assembling the workpiece or replacing the tool will also affect the processing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned existing processing methods, there are problems such as the limited depth and diameter of the processed hole structure, the need to replace tools of different lengths for hole structures of different depths, low processing efficiency caused by frequent tool replacement, the processing accuracy will be affected after tool replacement, the tool needs to be re-aligned after tool replacement, the elastic vibration deformation of the tool directly affects the processing accuracy, the cutting force between the tool and the workpiece is not easy to control, the overall tool replacement cost is high, and the tool needs to be adjusted multiple times for complex hole structures. The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: A deep hole machining tool comprises a tool assembly and a spindle assembly for mounting the tool assembly, wherein the spindle assembly comprises a spindle member for extending into a workpiece, and the spindle member has a guide rail member for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly; The tool assembly includes a cutter disc for deep hole processing, which is installed on the main shaft and can slide along the extension direction of the guide rail. The cutter disc has at least three retractable cutters, which are arranged at intervals around the rotation axis of the main shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the tool extension, facilitate limiting the tool extension position, and improve the deep hole processing accuracy, the tool disc component has a tool disc cylinder body for installing the tool, and a blade limiter for limiting the tool extension distance is installed inside the tool disc cylinder body.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to realize a detachable tool tip structure, reduce tool wear costs, reduce tool replacement costs, and improve tool tip replacement efficiency, the tool includes a tool tip portion for cutting a workpiece and a blade body portion for extension and retraction, and the tool tip portion is detachably connected to the blade body portion.

[0011] In order to realize automated deep hole processing and improve deep hole processing accuracy and deep hole processing efficiency, a deep hole processing system is provided, including the deep hole processing tool, a spindle motor and a control module. The control module can control the tool disc component to be in a moving state or a positioning state relative to the spindle component, the control module can control the tool to be in an extended state or a retracted state relative to the tool disc component, and the control module can control the spindle motor to rotate the spindle component or stop the spindle component.

[0012] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, as a technical solution for realizing the automatic displacement of the cutter disc, the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part are reduced, the control cost is reduced, the driving structure is simplified, and the activity efficiency and movement accuracy of the cutter disc are improved. The control module includes a pneumatic device, and the spindle part has a piston cavity for installing a magnetic piston inside. The pneumatic device is connected to the piston cavity through an air pipe. A magnetic part is installed at a position of the cutter disc near the spindle part. The magnetic piston and the magnetic part form a magnetic coupling. The pneumatic device can input or extract gas from the piston cavity through the air pipe, so that the magnetic piston is displaced by the change in air pressure and drives the cutter disc part to slide along the guide rail part through the magnetic coupling.

[0013] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, as a technical solution for realizing automatic extension and retraction of the tool, the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part are reduced, the driving structure is simplified, and the extension cutting strength, extension flexibility and extension accuracy of the tool are improved. The control module includes a hydraulic device, and the tool disc body of the tool disc has a tool disc oil circuit interface, and the tool disc oil circuit interface is connected to the tool disc cylinder body for installing the tool. The hydraulic device is connected to the tool disc oil circuit interface through an oil pipe, and the hydraulic device can input or extract oil from the tool disc through the oil pipe, so that the tool is extended or retracted relative to the tool disc cylinder body due to changes in oil pressure.

[0014] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to avoid affecting the oil circuit connection when the main shaft component rotates and reduce the torsional influence on the oil pipe during rotation, the hydraulic device and the cutter disc component are connected through an oil circuit integration ring, and the oil circuit integration ring is installed on the main shaft component. The oil circuit integration ring has a movable ring and a stationary ring, the movable ring is movably connected to the main shaft component, the stationary ring is tightly connected to the main shaft component, and an annular oil circuit for the flow of hydraulic oil is provided between the stationary ring and the movable ring, the oil pipe of the hydraulic device is connected to the annular oil circuit through the movable ring, and the oil pipe of the cutter disc component is connected to the annular oil circuit through the stationary ring.

[0015] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the cutter disc member relative to the spindle member, enhance the axis calibration accuracy during tool rotation, improve the processing accuracy of deep hole processing, and simplify the difficulty of repeated positioning, a positioning cylinder body is installed at a position of the cutter disc member close to the spindle member, the positioning cylinder body is connected to the cutter disc oil circuit interface and is installed with a positioning pin that can be extended toward the guide rail member, the guide rail member is provided with a positioning hole for the positioning pin to extend into, and a plurality of the positioning holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail member.

[0016] In order to realize automated deep hole processing and improve deep hole processing accuracy and deep hole processing efficiency, a deep hole processing method is applied to a machine tool having the deep hole processing system, and the method comprises: The workpiece with deep hole structure is clamped on the machine tool; A cutter head having at least three cutters is mounted on a main shaft which can penetrate the deep hole structure, the cutter head can slide along the axis of the main shaft, and the cutters can be telescopically arranged relative to the cutter head; The spindle is inserted into the deep hole structure of the workpiece and then installed on the machine tool so that the spindle is coaxial with the deep hole structure; Before processing, the control module controls the cutter disc to be in a moving state. After the cutter disc moves from an initial position to a processing position along the guide rail in the moving state, the control module controls the cutter disc to be in a positioning state. The cutter disc is limited to a position on the guide rail in the positioning state. During processing, the control module controls the spindle motor to drive the spindle to rotate, and the control module controls the tool to be in an extended state. In the extended state, the tool extends in a direction away from the center of the cutter head and contacts the surface of the deep hole structure, and the tool performs cutting processing on the workpiece; After a single cutting process is completed, the control module controls the tool to be in a retracted state, in which the tool is retracted toward the center of the cutter head and leaves the surface of the deep hole structure; After the tool is retracted, the control module controls the cutter disc to be in a moving state. After the cutter disc moves to the next processing position along the guide rail through the moving state, the control module controls the cutter disc to be in a positioning state. The cutter disc is limited to a position on the guide rail through the positioning state. Repeat the above steps until the deep hole processing is completed.

[0017] Further, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated deep hole processing, improve deep hole processing accuracy and deep hole processing efficiency, reduce the difficulty of installing and debugging the control part, reduce the control cost, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and activity accuracy of the cutter head, the cutter head is respectively installed with a magnetic part for magnetically coupling a magnetic piston, a cutter head cylinder for installing the tool, and a retractable positioning pin, the spindle has a piston cavity for installing the magnetic piston and a positioning hole for the positioning pin to extend into, and the spindle adopts a detachable split structure; The method comprises: The moving state is that the control module controls the pneumatic device to drive the magnetic piston to move along the piston cavity through air pressure changes and drives the cutter head to move by magnetic coupling; The positioning state is that the control module controls the hydraulic device to drive the positioning pin into the positioning hole through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head relative to the spindle; The extended state is when the control module controls the hydraulic device to drive the tool to move in a direction away from the center of the cutter disc through oil pressure changes; The retracted state is that the control module controls the hydraulic device to drive the tool to move toward the center of the cutter disc through oil pressure changes.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention is provided with at least three retractable tools on the cutter head, so that each tool can share the cutting force when cutting the workpiece. Compared with the cutting force of a single tool, the cutting stability of the tool is effectively improved, the elastic vibration deformation caused by cutting is reduced, and the cutting accuracy of deep hole processing is guaranteed. When cutting, the principle of three-point self-centering can be used to ensure the coincidence accuracy of the cutting rotation line and the spindle rotation line, and the tool letting phenomenon during the cutting process is reduced. For the processing of different hole diameters, multiple cutter heads with different tool lengths can be used. There is no need to frequently replace the tools, disassemble and align them again, and adjust the tool position in batches. The overall deep hole processing can be completed by a single clamping, which effectively improves the processing accuracy, coaxial accuracy and processing efficiency of deep hole processing, and is convenient for users to use.

[0019] 2. The tool of the present invention adopts a detachable split structure, the tip of the tool can be detachably connected to the blade body, and only the tip of the tool is retained as the hard metal for cutting. When the tip of the tool is worn, only the tip of the tool needs to be replaced, and the tool does not need to be disassembled and replaced as a whole. The detachable tip of the tool can be easily replaced, which reduces the tool wear cost and replacement cost, and reduces the impact of tool maintenance on processing accuracy. In addition, cutting can be implemented by hydraulically driven telescopic means. The telescopic movement of the tool is affected by the flexible support of the hydraulic device, which can absorb part of the mechanical vibration, and when subjected to abnormal processing forces, it can reduce damage to the tool, reduce the elastic vibration deformation caused by the cutting process, improve processing accuracy, and reduce production costs.

[0020] 3. In the present invention, multiple cutter discs can be installed on the main shaft part. Multiple cutter discs can be used to process the same aperture position, and multiple cutter discs can also be used to process positions with different apertures, thereby realizing simultaneous processing of hole structures at multiple positions or with different apertures. Processing and forming can be completed with a single clamping, effectively ensuring the overall coaxiality requirements of the deep hole structure, and avoiding errors such as tool changing and tool setting caused by repeated adjustment and disassembly of the tool, as well as the influence of the reference error on the final processing error.

[0021] 4. The two ends of the main shaft component in the length direction of the present invention are respectively installed on the machine tool. Both ends of the main shaft component have the support effect of external force to form a simply supported beam structure. Compared with the existing cantilever beam structure, both ends of the main shaft component are supported by force, which provides a solid foundation for anti-seismic and shock absorption for deep hole processing. In actual cutting, the principle of self-determining the center of a circle by three points can be used to form a balanced force on the circumferential direction of the cutter head, further improving the overall anti-seismic and shock absorption effect.

[0022] 5. The spindle component of the present invention can adopt a detachable split structure. The segmented spindle structure can reduce the space requirements for the site during installation and operation, and can also reduce the replacement cost. Compared with the existing fixed structure of the entire spindle, the segmented spindle structure is not constrained and limited by the extension length, and can adapt to the processing of deep hole structures of workpieces with longer sizes and larger apertures, which is convenient for users to use.

[0023] 6. The present invention adopts a magnetic piston inside the spindle to drive the cutter disc to move axially along the spindle, and controls the movement of the magnetic piston through a pneumatic device. There is no need for a large number of driving structures to extend into the workpiece, which simplifies the driving method of the tool movement and solves the problem of adjusting the workpiece position or replacing the tool due to the workpiece size during deep hole processing. The pneumatic principle and magnetic coupling are used to realize the remote movement of the tool, reduce physical connections, and reduce the complexity of structural design. It can adapt to workpieces of different depths or different aperture sizes.

[0024] 7. The present invention adopts an oil circuit integrated ring on the main shaft to optimize the stability of the oil circuit connection. The oil circuit integrated ring is divided into two parts, a movable ring and a stationary ring. Rollers are used to assist the movable ring in reducing the twisting effect of the rotational force on the external oil pipe of the hole structure when the main shaft rotates at high speed, thereby avoiding bending, twisting, clogging and entanglement of the oil pipe caused by the rotation. The stationary ring is installed on the main shaft to ensure the connection stability of the main shaft to the internal oil pipe of the hole structure when the main shaft rotates at high speed, thereby avoiding the situation that the internal oil pipe cannot keep up with the rotation speed of the cutter disc or the rotation is not synchronized, thereby improving the connection stability of the internal and external oil pipes and facilitating smooth and stable connection of the oil circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a deep hole machining tool of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of a deep hole machining tool of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Magnified view of the CC cutaway.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 D magnified view.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 3 E magnified view.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 3 F magnified view.

[0031] Figure 7 The third schematic diagram of the tool of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 The fourth schematic diagram of the tool of the present invention.

[0033] Fig. 9 This is the fifth structural schematic diagram of the deep hole processing system of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the deep hole processing system of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the deep hole processing method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Embodiment 1: like Figures 1 to 8 The deep hole machining tool shown in the figure comprises a tool assembly 200 and a spindle assembly 100, wherein the spindle assembly 100 comprises a spindle member 11 for extending into a workpiece, and the spindle member 11 has a guide rail member 111 for limiting the directional movement of the tool assembly 200 (the guide rail member 111 is integrally formed on the outer side of the spindle member 11), wherein the spindle member 11 is a main spindle body for mounting the tool assembly 200 and performing rotary cutting processing, and the main spindle body is cylindrical in shape so as to be better mounted on a machine tool. When in use, the main spindle body After the shaft 11 and the tool assembly 200 are inserted into the deep hole structure inside the workpiece, the shaft 11 is installed on the machine tool, and the machine tool drives the main shaft 11 to rotate and drive the tool assembly 200 to perform the processing steps. The guide rail 111 is a sliding linear guide rail arranged on the outer surface of the main shaft 11 to limit the directional movement of the tool assembly 200. When in use, the machine tool drives the tool assembly 200 to move forward or backward along the guide rail 111 toward the axial direction of the main shaft 11, and the tool assembly 200 and the guide rail 111 are connected by sliding; More specifically, the tool assembly 200 includes a cutter disc 201 for deep hole processing. The cutter disc 201 is installed on the outer wall of the main shaft 11 and is slidably connected with the guide rail 111. The tool body 21 of the cutter disc 201 is provided with a guide rail limit opening that matches the outer contour of the guide rail 111. The main shaft 11 can be provided with more than two mutually parallel guide rails 111. The tool body 21 is provided with a corresponding number of guide rail limit openings at the positions corresponding to the guide rails 111, so that the sliding of the cutter disc 201 is more stable and the supporting force of the main shaft 11 is more stable. When in use, the machine tool (which can adopt one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) drives the cutter disc 201 to slide forward or backward along the extension direction of the guide rail 111 relative to the main shaft 11, thereby realizing the flexibility of processing the cutter disc 201.

[0038] More specifically, the cutter disc 201 has at least three retractable tools 24, which are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the rotation axis of the spindle member 11. The machine tool (which can adopt one of the following methods, such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) drives each tool 24 to uniformly extend and retract, so that the tool 24 can move and extend from the cutter disc 201 toward the aperture surface of the workpiece. When the cutting portion of the tool 24 contacts the aperture surface of the workpiece, it is driven by the machine tool to push into the workpiece and, under the action of the rotational force of the spindle member 11, performs cutting processing on the deep hole structure of the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the machine tool drives the tools 24 to uniformly retract toward the center of the cutter disc 201, and finally moves and withdraws the cutter disc 201 to a position close to the outside world of the workpiece. After disassembling the spindle assembly 100 and the tool assembly 200, the workpiece can be disassembled or replaced to prepare for the processing of the next workpiece.

[0039] As another embodiment 101 of embodiment 1, Figures 1 to 8 A deep hole processing tool is shown, and the tool assembly 200 includes a plurality of cutter discs 201 installed on a spindle member 11, and each cutter disc 201 is installed with at least three retractable cutters 24. After the cutter 24 is extended to the maximum stroke, the rotary cutting outer diameter of the tool tip 241 is the maximum processing outer diameter. The maximum processing outer diameter of each cutter disc 201 of this embodiment is the same. The structure with the same maximum processing outer diameter can uniformly process deep hole structures with the same aperture. Compared with a single cutter disc 201, multiple cutter discs 201 with the same maximum processing outer diameter can simultaneously process hole structures at multiple different positions, thereby accelerating the cutting speed and improving the cutting efficiency. Moreover, during the processing process, three cutter discs simultaneously contact the workpiece for cutting, which is more stable than cutting with a single cutter disc 201 and is convenient for users to use.

[0040] As another embodiment 102 of embodiment 1, Fig.10 A deep hole processing tool is shown, and the tool assembly 200 includes a plurality of cutter disc components 201 installed on a spindle component 11, and each cutter disc component 201 is installed with at least three retractable cutters 24. After the cutter 24 is extended to the maximum stroke, the rotary cutting outer diameter of the tool tip 241 is the maximum processing outer diameter. The maximum processing outer diameter of each cutter disc component 201 of this embodiment is different. Compared with a single cutter disc component 201, a plurality of cutter disc components 201 with different maximum processing outer diameters can simultaneously process a plurality of hole structures with different apertures and different positions, and can be applied to more complex deep hole processing. The processing can be completed with a single clamping, and there is no need to disassemble the tool and the workpiece, which effectively ensures the coaxiality of the deep hole structure, speeds up the cutting speed, improves the cutting efficiency, provides processing accuracy, and is convenient for users to use.

[0041] As another embodiment 103 of embodiment 1, Figure 2A deep hole machining tool is shown, the spindle member 11 of this embodiment can adopt a detachable split structure, the spindle member 11 can be divided into at least two split shaft segments, more specifically, taking the two-segment split shaft segment as an example, the spindle member 11 is divided into a first shaft segment A and a second shaft segment B, each independent shaft segment has a shaft segment connecting portion for connecting to each other and a machine tool connecting portion for connecting to a machine tool; More specifically, the end of the first shaft segment A close to the second shaft segment B is the first connecting portion 11.1, the end of the first shaft segment A away from the second shaft segment B is the machine tool connecting portion, the end of the second shaft segment B close to the first shaft segment A is the second connecting portion 11.2, and the end of the second shaft segment B away from the first shaft segment A is the machine tool connecting portion. When in use, the first connecting portion 11.1 of the first shaft segment A extends from one side of the deep hole structure of the workpiece, and the second connecting portion 11.2 of the second shaft segment B extends from the other side of the deep hole structure of the workpiece. The first connecting portion 11.1 and the second connecting portion 11.2 are connected in a detachable manner (one of the connection methods, such as threaded connection, snap connection, magnetic connection, friction plug-in connection, etc., can be used) so that the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B form a complete and stable main shaft component 11 to facilitate subsequent processing.

[0042] As another embodiment 104 of embodiment 1, Figure 1 to Figure 2 A deep hole machining tool is shown in the figure. The spindle member 11 of this embodiment is respectively provided with a first spindle support member 14 and a second spindle support member 15 at both side ends thereof installed on a machine tool. The spindle support members are used as transfer members between the spindle member 11 and the machine tool. One of the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 is installed on a power output device of the machine tool, and the other of the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 is installed on a spindle clamping mechanism of the machine tool. By transferring and installing the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 on the machine tool, the machine tool can be conveniently clamped and driven better. The first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 can also be used to Part 15 adjusts the overlap between the center axis of the spindle component 11 and the machining axis of the deep hole structure of the workpiece, so that the installation of the spindle assembly meets the coaxiality requirement of the workpiece machining, improves the machining accuracy and clamping accuracy, and the machine tool clamps the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 during clamping to avoid the machine tool directly clamping the spindle component 11 to cause clamping loss or clamping deformation of the spindle component 11, thereby improving the durability of the spindle component 11. The spindle component 11 can also be adapted to machine tools with different clamping structures by replacing the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15, thereby improving the practical adaptability of the spindle assembly 100, reducing the installation difficulty of the spindle component 11, and improving the clamping efficiency of the spindle component 11.

[0043] As another embodiment 105 of embodiment 1, the main shaft member 11 is installed with a guide member 111 for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly 200. The guide member 111 of this embodiment is installed on the outer side of the main shaft member 11 (not shown) by fasteners (such as screws, bolts, etc.), so that the guide member 111 is detachable and convenient for users to replace it regularly to ensure the sliding accuracy of the cutter disc member 201, and also convenient for users to adjust the installation position of the guide member 111.

[0044] Embodiment 2: Based on any of the above embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 5 The cutter disc component 201 shown has a cutter disc cylinder body 23 for installing a cutter 24. The middle part of the cutter disc cylinder body 23 has a hollow through-going cylinder inner cavity 231. The cutter 24 is installed in the cylinder inner cavity 231. The cutter 24 includes a tip portion 241 and a body portion 242. The tip portion 241 is used to contact and cut the surface material of the workpiece, and the body portion 242 is used for allowing the cutter 24 to be extended or retracted in a directional manner. The body portion 242 and the cylinder inner cavity 231 are connected by a matching sliding connection. When in use, the body portion 242 is driven by a machine tool (one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive can be used) to extend and retract the cutter 24 to achieve the telescopic effect of the cutter.

[0045] More specifically, a blade stopper 25 for limiting the extension distance of the tool 24 is installed in the inner cavity 231 of the cutter head cylinder 23. When the tool 24 is extended, it is driven by the machine tool and moves to the position where the blade portion 242 touches the blade stopper 25 and then stops extending. The extension distance of the tool 24 is limited by the blade stopper 25, and the maximum outer diameter of the tool tip portion 241 can be limited. That is, the aperture of the deep hole structure finally formed is determined by the blade stopper 25. The user can adjust the position of the blade stopper 25 installed in the cylinder according to the actual aperture of the processing. The position of the inner cavity 231 of the body is used for deep hole structures with different aperture positions. The user can adjust the positions of the blade limiters 25 corresponding to the aperture sizes of the multiple cutter disc parts 201 respectively. During the processing, the extension distance of the tool 24 is limited by the blade limiter 25. There is no need to manually pause the processing to insert into the deep hole structure for measurement. The aperture processing and forming can be completed according to the positioning of the blade limiter 25, thereby improving the processing efficiency, simplifying the processing and proofreading steps, avoiding the difficulty for users to enter the interior to measure and calibrate the processing dimensions during deep hole processing, and facilitating user use.

[0046] As another embodiment 201 of embodiment 2, Figures 7 and 8A deep hole processing tool is shown, in which the tip portion 241 of this embodiment can be detachably connected to the blade body portion 242, and the tip portion 241 becomes an individual part independent of the blade body portion 242. The volume of the tip portion 241 is smaller than that of the blade body portion 242. On this basis, the tip portion 241 can be made of a hard material suitable for machining (such as cemented carbide or hard ceramics), and the blade body portion 242 only needs to be made of a material that meets the requirements of good rigidity, good strength and good shock resistance, thereby reducing the use of hard materials, reducing the production and maintenance costs of the tool 24, and thus reducing the production cost; More specifically, the blade tip portion 241 can be detachably connected to the blade body portion 242 by using a fastener 243 (such as a buckle, a reverse buckle, a screw, a bolt, a screw, etc.), the blade tip portion 241 is provided with a blade tip limiting hole 2411 for the fastener 243 to pass through, the blade tip limiting hole 2411 adopts a hollow through-hole structure, the blade body portion 242 is provided with a blade body fastening hole 2421 corresponding to the position of the blade tip limiting hole 2411, and the inner wall of the fastening hole 2421 adopts a fastening structure (such as a buckle, a reverse buckle, a reverse buckle or a thread, etc.) that cooperates with the fastener 243, so that the user can conveniently disassemble, install and replace the tool 24 when maintaining it; More specifically, if Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the blade tip portion 241 can be mounted on the top of the blade body portion 242 (i.e. Figure 7 242, or mounted on the side of the blade body portion 242 (i.e. Figure 8 The user can select different installation structures and installation positions according to actual processing needs. Preferably, the following are selected: Figure 8 The installation structure shown has better cutting force resistance and cutting vibration resistance, reduces elastic vibration deformation generated during the cutting process, and is beneficial to improving cutting processing accuracy.

[0047] As another embodiment 202 of the embodiment 201, the blade body portion 242 has a blade tip limiting structure (not shown) for limiting the installation position of the blade tip portion 241. The blade tip limiting structure is used for contacting the lateral contact surface of the blade tip portion 241, and is inclined from the bottom toward the outside relative to the blade tip installation plane where the blade body fastening hole 2421 is located, which can better limit the installation position of the blade tip portion 241.

[0048] Embodiment 3: Based on any of the above embodiments, Fig. 9The deep hole processing system shown includes the deep hole processing tool, a spindle motor 600 and a control module 500, wherein the spindle motor 600 is a power source installed on the machine tool for providing a rotational force for the spindle member 11, and the output end of the spindle motor 600 can be directly connected to one end of the spindle member 11, or indirectly connected to one end of the spindle member 11 through a spindle support member (such as a bearing seat, a flange seat or a gear seat, etc.), and the control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to rotate the spindle member 11 or stop the spindle member 11, so that the output end of the spindle motor 600 can drive the spindle member 11 to perform a rotational motion, and the spindle member 11 drives the cutter head member 201 to rotate and perform cutting processing; In order to better automate and control the operations of cutting, cutting depth, feed movement, retract movement, and idle movement during deep hole processing, the deep hole processing system may adopt a control module 500 with logic operation capability, and a control unit 51 (which may adopt a computer, a PLC, or a single-chip microcomputer) may uniformly manage and control the operation and start and stop of the devices and equipment in the deep hole processing system to realize the automated production of deep hole processing. A display unit 52 (which may adopt a display screen or a touch screen) may also be added to intuitively display the processing status; More specifically, the control module 500 (which may adopt one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) controls the cutter head 201 to be in a moving state or a positioning state relative to the spindle 11. When the cutter head 201 is in a moving state, the cutter head 201 can move along the guide rail 111 of the spindle 11 toward the processing position, or move along the guide rail 111 of the spindle 11 toward a direction away from the processing position, so as to realize the function of the cutter head 201 to process different deep hole positions. When the cutter head 201 is in a positioning state, the cutter head 201 can be connected with the spindle 11 in a coordinated manner (which may adopt one of the methods such as pin hole connection, snap connection, magnetic connection, meshing connection, friction clamping, etc.) to limit the position of the cutter head 201 on the spindle 11, so as to realize the positioning function of the cutter head 201 on the spindle 11. More specifically, the control module 500 (which may adopt one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) controls the tool 24 to be in an extended state or a retracted state relative to the cutter head 201. When the tool 24 is in the extended state, the blade part 242 of the tool 24 can move linearly along the cylinder inner cavity 231 of the cutter head cylinder body 23 toward the direction close to the workpiece. When the tool 24 is in the retracted state, the blade part 242 of the tool 24 can move linearly along the cylinder inner cavity 231 of the cutter head cylinder body 23 toward the direction close to the center of the cutter head 201, that is, move along the circumferential linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the spindle member 11, so as to realize the telescopic function of the tool 24 on the cutter head 201. As another embodiment 301 of embodiment 3, Fig. 9 The deep hole processing system shown in the figure, the control module 500 of this embodiment includes a pneumatic device 300 (one of the devices such as a pneumatic pump and a pneumatic cylinder can be used). The pneumatic device 300 is a gas driving device for the deep hole processing system that uses compressed gas and air pressure difference to change the gas flow direction to implement directional driving, wherein the spindle member 11 has a piston cavity 113 for installing a magnetic piston 12 inside, and the magnetic piston 12 is a piston component with magnetic force. The outer diameter of the magnetic piston 12 is slidably connected with the piston cavity 113, and the cutter head member 201 is installed with a magnetic member 22 near the spindle member 11, and the magnetic member 22 is also a magnetic member with magnetic force. The magnetic member 22 is fixedly connected to the position of the cutter head member 201 close to the main shaft member 11. The magnetic member 22 and the magnetic piston 12 achieve mutual magnetic adsorption by adopting different magnetic poles. The main shaft member 11 of this embodiment can be made of non-magnetic material to avoid affecting the magnetic coupling effect between the magnetic member 22 and the magnetic piston 12. When the magnetic member 22 and the magnetic piston 12 are close to each other and enter the magnetic influence range of each other, the magnetic adsorption force of the opposite magnetic poles is used to form a magnetic coupling. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, the magnetic coupling is used to drive the cutter head member 201 through the magnetic member 22 to realize the movement of the cutter head member 201. When in use, the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the piston cavity 113 through the air pipe 31, the cutter disc component 201 is installed on the guide rail component 111 outside the main shaft component 11, and the magnetic piston 12 is installed in the piston cavity 113 inside the main shaft component 11. The cutter disc component 201 is installed at a position close to the magnetic piston 12, so that the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic component 22 form a magnetic coupling. The pneumatic device 300 can be connected to different piston cavities 113 from both ends of the main shaft component 11 through the air pipe 31 (after the magnetic piston 12 is installed into the piston cavity 113, a first piston cavity and a second piston cavity that are not connected on both sides of the main shaft component 11 are formed), and the gas is input or extracted from the piston cavity 113 by the pneumatic device 300. The gas and air pressure are used to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move linearly along the piston cavity 113 toward the axial direction of the main shaft component 11. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, the magnetic coupling is used to drive the cutter disc component 201 through the magnetic component 22 to achieve movement on the guide rail component 111.

[0049] As another embodiment 302 of embodiment 3, Fig. 9The deep hole processing system shown in the figure, the control module 500 of this embodiment includes a hydraulic device 400 (one of the devices such as a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic cylinder can be used). The hydraulic device 400 is a liquid drive device for the deep hole processing system that uses hydraulic oil and oil pressure difference to implement directional drive by changing the flow direction of the oil body, wherein the cutter body 21 of the cutter head 201 has a cutter head oil circuit interface 211, and the cutter head oil circuit interface 211 is connected to the cylinder body 231 of the cutter head cylinder body 23 through the oil circuit structure inside the cutter head body 21. When in use, the hydraulic device 400 is connected to the cutter head oil circuit interface 211 through the oil pipe 41. When the tool 24 needs to be in an extended state, the hydraulic device 400 can be supplied through the oil pipe 41. The hydraulic oil enters the cylinder body cavity 231 through the cutter disc oil circuit interface 211, the hydraulic oil fills the cylinder body cavity 231 and uses the oil pressure to push against the blade body 242 so that the tool 24 is pushed outward under the influence of the oil pressure, and the cutting tip 241 contacts the workpiece to perform cutting processing. When the tool 24 needs to be in a retracted state, the hydraulic device 400 can return the hydraulic oil in the cylinder body cavity 231 through the oil pipe 41 through the cutter disc oil circuit interface 211, the hydraulic oil leaves the cylinder body 231 and uses the oil pressure to absorb the blade body 242 so that the tool 24 is retracted inward under the influence of the oil pressure, and the tool tip 241 is separated from the workpiece to achieve the telescopic function of the tool 24 relative to the cutter disc 201.

[0050] As another embodiment 303 of the embodiment 3, in order to solve the problem that the oil pipe 41 is easily entangled with the main shaft component 11, the workpiece 700 and the cutter head component 201, resulting in a processing accident, as shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 4 as well as Fig. 9 As shown, an oil circuit integration ring 13 is installed between the hydraulic device 400 and the cutter head 201 of this embodiment, and the oil circuit between the hydraulic device 400 and the cutter head 201 is connected through the oil circuit integration ring 13, wherein the oil circuit integration ring 13 has a movable ring 131 and a stationary ring 132, the movable ring 131 can flexibly rotate relative to the main shaft 11, and the movable ring 131 and the main shaft 11 are connected by rollers (one of the structures such as needle rollers and ball rollers can be used) to reduce friction and realize active connection, and the stationary ring 132 is tightly connected to the surface of the main shaft 11 (interference fit or snap fit), so that when the main shaft 11 rotates, it can drive the stationary ring 132 to rotate synchronously; More specifically, an annular oil circuit 133 for hydraulic oil flow is provided between the stationary ring 132 and the movable ring 131. The oil pipe 41 of the hydraulic device 400 is connected to the annular oil pipe input port G of the movable ring 131, and the oil pipe 41 of the cutter head 201 is connected to the annular oil pipe output port H of the stationary ring 132. The annular oil pipe input port G and the annular oil pipe output port H are respectively connected to the annular oil circuit 133. When in use, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic device 400 enters the annular oil circuit 133 from the annular oil pipe input port G via the oil pipe 41, and then enters the annular oil circuit 133 from the annular oil circuit 133 via the annular oil pipe output port H and the oil pipe 41. 1 enters the cutter head 201 to realize the connection of the oil circuit and the reverse reflux of the hydraulic oil. Similarly, when the main shaft 11 rotates, the movable ring 131 uses the roller to move relative to the main shaft 11, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the hydraulic device 400 is not affected by the rotation to cause twisting and winding, and the stationary ring 132 keeps rotating synchronously with the main shaft 11, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the cutter head 201 can be stationary relative to the main shaft 11 and the cutter head 201, and is not affected by the rotation to cause twisting and winding, thereby realizing flexible connection of the oil circuit during the rotation process, which is convenient for users to use.

[0051] As another embodiment 304 of the embodiment 3, in order to further strengthen the precise positioning and processing stability of the cutter head 201 on the spindle 11, as shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6 and Fig. 9 In the deep hole processing system shown in the figure, the cutter head 201 of this embodiment is equipped with a positioning cylinder body 26 at a position close to the main shaft part 11, the positioning cylinder body 26 is connected to the cutter head oil circuit interface 211 and is equipped with a positioning pin 261 that can be extended toward the guide rail part 111, the guide rail part 111 is provided with a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into, and a plurality of positioning holes 112 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail part 111. More specifically, the end of the positioning pin 261 close to the positioning hole 112 adopts a conical pin head, and the positioning hole 112 adopts a conical hole cavity that cooperates with the conical pin head, and the self-centering effect of the cone is used to improve the positioning accuracy. When the cutter disc component 201 stops moving and enters the positioning state, the hydraulic device 400 outputs hydraulic oil through the cutter disc oil circuit interface 211 into the positioning cylinder 26, and uses oil pressure to push the positioning pin 261 into the positioning hole 112 to limit the position of the cutter disc component 201 on the spindle component 11. On this basis, multiple positioning pins 261 are used to extend into the positioning holes 112 respectively, which can further enhance the processing stability of the cutter disc component 201. Positioning through more than three positioning pins 261 can also utilize the principle of three-point self-centering to improve the coincidence and coaxiality of the center axis of the cutter disc component 201 and the center axis of the spindle component 11, which helps the stability and accuracy of subsequent deep hole processing.

[0052] Embodiment 4: like Fig.11 The deep hole processing method shown is applied to a machine tool having a deep hole processing system, and the method includes: S1. The workpiece with a deep hole structure is clamped on the machine tool; S2, installing a cutter head 201 having at least three cutters 24 on a main shaft 11 that can penetrate a deep hole structure, the cutter head 201 can slide along the axis of the main shaft 11, and the cutters 24 can be telescopically arranged relative to the cutter head 201; S3, the spindle member 11 is inserted into the deep hole structure of the workpiece and then installed on the machine tool so that the spindle member 11 is coaxial with the deep hole structure; S4, before processing, the control module 500 controls the cutter head 201 to be in a moving state. After the cutter head 201 moves from the initial position to the processing position along the guide rail 111 in the moving state, the control module 500 controls the cutter head 201 to be in a positioning state. The cutter head 201 is limited to a position on the guide rail 111 in the positioning state; S5, during processing, the control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the spindle member 11 to rotate, and the control module 500 controls the tool 24 to be in an extended state. In the extended state, the tool 24 extends in a direction away from the center of the cutter head member 201 and contacts the surface of the deep hole structure, and the tool 24 performs cutting processing on the workpiece; S6. After a single cutting process is completed, the control module 500 controls the tool 24 to be in a retracted state, in which the tool 24 is retracted toward the center of the cutter head 201 and leaves the surface of the deep hole structure; S7, after the tool 24 is retracted, the control module 500 controls the cutter head 201 to be in a moving state. After the cutter head 201 moves to the next processing position along the guide rail 111 in the moving state, the control module 500 controls the cutter head 201 to be in a positioning state. The cutter head 201 is limited to a position on the guide rail 111 in the positioning state. S8. Repeat the above steps until the deep hole processing is completed, the control module 500 controls the tool 24 to be in a retracted state, controls the spindle motor 600 to stop the rotation of the spindle part 11, and controls the cutter head part 201 to be in a moving state. The cutter head part 201 moves to the initial position along the guide rail part 111 through the moving state.

[0053] S9 , taking out the spindle component 11 and the cutter head component 201 from the deep hole structure, disassembling or replacing the workpiece 700 to prepare for deep hole processing of the next workpiece 700 .

[0054] Among them, this embodiment uses a tooling fixture that limits the rotation of the workpiece to clamp it on the machine tool, so that the workpiece cannot move or rotate relative to the machine tool. By limiting the movement of the workpiece, the spindle part 11 is rotated and the tool 24 is driven by the cutter head part 201 to perform cutting, that is, the "workpiece is stationary, the tool is moving" cutting method is adopted.

[0055] Among them, the deep hole structure of the workpiece adopts a hollow through-hole structure, the total length of the spindle component 11 is greater than the hole depth length of the deep hole structure, and the spindle component 11 is extended into the deep hole structure and installed on the machine tool so that the center axis of the spindle component 11 is coaxial with the center axis of the deep hole structure, or is installed and adjusted by the machine tool operator to a coaxiality that meets the tolerance requirements of the drawing.

[0056] More specifically, the control system of the machine tool includes a control module 500 for controlling each motion unit (such as movement, chip removal, measurement, workpiece loading and unloading, etc.). Before processing, the control module 500 (which can be one of mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) drives and controls the cutter head 201 to move (i.e., be in a moving state) or stop (i.e., be in a positioning state), so that the tool 24 moves to the processing position and then enters the processing state. During processing, the control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the output end of the spindle motor 600 (or to drive with a belt drive, a gear drive, etc.). The spindle 11 rotates (using one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive), and the control module 500 (which can use one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) controls the tool 24 to extend in a direction away from the center of the cutter head 201 (that is, it is in an extended state). When the tool 24 contacts the surface of the deep hole structure, the rotation of the spindle 11 drives the tool 24 to rotate and cuts the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the control module 500 controls the tool 24 to separate from the workpiece and retract it to the cutter head 201. The control module 500 drives the cutter head 201 to the next processing position again until all the positions of the deep hole structures are processed.

[0057] More specifically, after the processing is completed, the control module 500 executes a retract instruction, controls the tool 24 to retract the cutter disc component 201 (i.e., it is in a retracted state), controls the spindle motor 600 to stop the rotation of the spindle component 11, and controls the cutter disc component 201 to move toward the workpiece close to the outside world (i.e., it is in a moving state). After the cutter disc component 201 moves to the initial position along the guide rail component 111, the processing is completed. The user can remove the spindle component 11 to smoothly remove the processed workpiece 700 from the machine tool, or replace the workpiece 700 and reinstall the unprocessed workpiece to prepare for the next deep hole processing.

[0058] Embodiment 5: On the basis of Example 4, Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the cutter head 201 is respectively equipped with a magnetic member 22 for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston 12, a cutter head cylinder 23 for installing the tool 24, and a retractable positioning pin 261, the spindle 11 has a piston cavity 113 for installing the magnetic piston 12 and a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into, and the spindle 11 adopts a detachable split structure; the method includes: The moving state is that the control module 500 controls the pneumatic device 300 to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the piston cavity 113 through air pressure changes and drives the cutter head 201 to move by magnetic coupling; The positioning state is that the control module 500 controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the positioning pin 261 into the positioning hole 112 through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head 201 relative to the spindle 11; The extended state is when the control module 500 controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the cutter 24 to move in a direction away from the center of the cutter head 201 through oil pressure changes; The retracted state is that the control module 500 controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the tool 24 to move toward the center of the cutter disc 201 through oil pressure changes.

[0059] This embodiment further limits the motion unit modules used by the control module 500. The use of the hydraulic device 400 in processing drive can improve the processing accuracy and make the chip cutting force stable and controllable. The use of the pneumatic device 300 in mobile drive can reduce procurement costs and will not cause oil leakage and pollution, making it easy to use.

[0060] As another embodiment 501 of embodiment 5, the moving state can also be that the control module 500 controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move through oil pressure changes, wherein the piston chamber 113 is a hydraulic cylinder structure, the hydraulic drive has greater power, and the movement and positioning are more precise than the pneumatic drive.

[0061] As another embodiment 502 of embodiment 5, the positioning state can also be that the control module 500 controls the pneumatic device 300 to drive the positioning pin 261 into the positioning hole 112 through air pressure changes. Pneumatic drive has lower costs than hydraulic drive and can also prevent hydraulic oil leakage from polluting the processing environment.

[0062] As another embodiment 503 of embodiment 5, the extended state can also be that the control module 500 controls the pneumatic device 300 to drive the tool 24 to move (extend or retract) through air pressure changes. Pneumatic drive has lower costs than hydraulic drive and can also avoid hydraulic oil leakage to pollute the processing environment.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the specific implementation of the present invention is as follows: In this embodiment, more than two cutter discs 201 are installed on the outside of the main shaft 11, and each cutter disc 201 is connected to each other by an oil pipe 41. In addition, more than two magnetic pistons 12 are installed on the inside of the main shaft 11, and each magnetic piston 12 is precisely separated by a positioning partition 121.

[0064] Assembly step a: During assembly, the magnetic piston 12 is installed into the piston cavity 113 of the main shaft 11, and the cutter head 201 is installed at the position of the guide rail 111 of the main shaft 11 corresponding to the magnetic piston 12, so that each guide rail 111 is installed correspondingly to the guide rail 111 installation opening of the cutter head body 21, and the extension direction of the positioning pin 261 is toward the side of the guide rail 111 having the positioning hole 112, the oil circuit integrated ring 13 is installed on the outer surface of the main shaft 11, and the hydraulic device 400 is connected to the oil circuit integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41, and the oil circuit integrated ring 13 is connected to the oil circuit integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41. The tube 41 is connected to the cutter disc 201, and then the first spindle support 14 is installed at one end of the first shaft section A away from the first connecting part 11.1, and the second spindle support 15 is installed at one end of the second shaft section B away from the second connecting part 11.2. One of the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the cavity opening of the piston chamber 113 of the first shaft section A away from the first connecting part 11.1 through the air pipe 31, and the other air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the cavity opening of the piston chamber 113 of the second shaft section B away from the second connecting part 11.2 through the air pipe 31.

[0065] Assembly step b: Before processing, first clamp the workpiece 700 with a deep hole structure on the machine tool fixture, extend one end of the first shaft segment A with the first connecting portion 11.1 into the deep hole structure from one side of the workpiece 700, and then extend one end of the second shaft segment B with the second connecting portion 11.2 into the deep hole structure from the other side of the workpiece 700, the first connecting portion 11.1 and the second connecting portion 11.2 are matched and connected so that the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B form a complete spindle component 11, one of the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 is limitedly connected to the spindle motor 600 so that the output end of the spindle motor 600 can drive the spindle component 11 to rotate, and the other of the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 is limitedly connected to the machine tool so that the spindle component 11 is coaxial with the workpiece 700, or the position of the spindle support component on the machine tool is adjusted so that the spindle component 11 is coaxial with the workpiece 700.

[0066] Assembly step c: The control module 500 is electrically connected to the pneumatic device 300, the hydraulic device 400 and the spindle motor 600 respectively to centrally control the orderly operation of each motion module, and check whether all air pipes 31 and oil pipes 41 are tightly connected and unobstructed to avoid accidents such as air leakage and oil leakage during processing.

[0067] Processing step d: During processing, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas to be input into one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and at the same time controls the pneumatic device 300 to reflux the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing forward direction, that is, the direction of extending into the deep hole structure. Under the action of magnetic coupling between the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic member 22, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head member 201 to move linearly along the guide rail member 111. When the cutter head member 201 moves to the preset position, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to stop and starts the hydraulic device 400; The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flow it to the oil circuit integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41. The hydraulic oil enters the annular oil circuit 133 from the input port of the ring oil pipe 41 of the stationary ring 132, and then flows from the annular oil circuit 133 to the cutter head 201 through the output port of the ring oil pipe 41 of the movable ring 131. The hydraulic oil enters the positioning cylinder 26 from the cutter head oil circuit interface 211. The positioning pin 261 is pushed out toward the guide rail member 111 and extends into the positioning hole 112 under the action of the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil, so that the cutter head 201 is connected with the guide rail member 111 to realize the positioning of the tool 24. The control unit 51 controls the spindle motor 600 to start, and the output end of the spindle motor 600 drives the spindle member 11 to rotate, and the spindle member 11 drives the cutter head member 201 and the movable ring 131 to rotate. When the movable ring 131 rotates, the stationary ring 132 can slide circumferentially relative to the spindle member 11 through the roller 134, so as to prevent the oil pipe 41 between the stationary ring 132 and the hydraulic device 400 from being twisted and damaged due to the rotation of the stationary ring 132, thereby affecting the oil line transmission; when the cutter head member 201 rotates, the tool 24 rotates circumferentially around the central axis of the spindle member 11; The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flows to the cutter head oil circuit interface 211 through the oil circuit of the oil circuit integrated ring 13. The hydraulic oil enters the cutter head cylinder body 23 from the cutter head oil circuit interface 211. The blade portion 242 of the tool 24 is pushed outward along the inner cavity of the cutter head cylinder body 23 under the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil, so that the tip portion 241 contacts the surface of the deep hole structure of the workpiece 700. The tool 24 is pushed out and cuts into the workpiece 700 by the continuous pressure of the oil pressure. The tip portion 241 continuously cuts the surface material of the deep hole structure to realize the hole structure processing. After the blade portion 242 touches the limiter of the cutter head cylinder body 23, the tool 24 stops extending. At this time, the hole structure is processed in place. The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the tool 24 separates from the workpiece 700 and moves back toward the center of the cutter disc 201 until the blade body 242 touches the bottom of the inner cavity of the cutter disc cylinder 23 close to the center of the cutter disc 201 and stops. At this time, the tool 24 is retracted into place, and the control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the positioning pin 261 is retracted in the direction away from the positioning hole 112.

[0068] Processing step e: the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas to one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and at the same time controls the pneumatic device 300 to reflux the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing forward direction. Under the action of magnetic coupling between the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic part 22, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head part 201 to move linearly along the guide rail part 111 to the next processing position, and repeats step a until the deep hole structure of the workpiece 700 is completed.

[0069] Tool retraction step f: After deep hole processing is completed, the control unit 51 controls the spindle motor 600 to stop, and the control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the tool 24 is retracted into the cutter head cylinder 23, and the positioning pin 261 is retracted into the positioning cylinder 26. The control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the cavity wall of the piston cavity 113 in the direction away from the center of the workpiece 700. After the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head 201 to move to the entrance of the deep hole structure, the first shaft section A and the second shaft section B can be disassembled and separated. After the spindle part 11 and the cutter head 201 are taken out, the workpiece 700 can be smoothly removed from the machine tool fixture, or replaced with the next workpiece 700 to be processed for clamping. Repeat the above steps b to e until the processing is completed.

[0070] The above examples are only used to further illustrate the technical content of the present invention, so that readers can understand it more easily, but they do not mean that the implementation of the present invention is limited to this. Any technical extension or re-creation made according to the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A deep hole machining tool (24), characterized in that: Comprising a tool assembly (200) and a spindle assembly (100) for mounting the tool assembly (200), the spindle assembly (100) comprising a spindle component (11) for extending into a workpiece, the spindle component (11) having a guide rail component (111) for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly (200); The tool assembly (200) comprises a cutter head component (201) for deep hole machining, the cutter head component (201) being mounted on the spindle component (11) and being slidable along the extension direction of the guide rail component (111), the cutter head component (201) having at least three retractable cutters (24), the cutters (24) being arranged at intervals around the circumference of the rotation axis of the spindle component (11).

2. A deep hole machining tool (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc component (201) comprises a cutter disc cylinder body (23) for mounting the cutter (24), and a cutter body stopper (25) for limiting the extension distance of the cutter (24) is mounted inside the cutter disc cylinder body (23).

3. The deep hole machining tool (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool (24) comprises a tool tip portion (241) for cutting a workpiece and a tool body portion (242) for telescoping, wherein the tool tip portion (241) is detachably connected to the tool body portion (242).

4. Deep hole processing system, characterized by: The invention comprises the deep hole machining tool (24) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, a spindle motor (600) and a control module (500), wherein the control module (500) can control the tool disc component (201) to be in a moving state or a positioning state relative to the spindle component (11), the control module (500) can control the tool (24) to be in an extended state or a retracted state relative to the tool disc component (201), and the control module (500) can control the spindle motor (600) to rotate the spindle component (11) or stop the spindle component (11).

5. The deep hole processing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module (500) comprises a pneumatic device (300), the main shaft component (11) has a piston chamber (113) for installing a magnetic piston (12) inside, the pneumatic device (300) is connected to the piston chamber (113) via an air pipe (31), a magnetic component (22) is installed on the cutter head component (201) near the main shaft component (11), the magnetic piston (12) and the magnetic component (22) form a magnetic coupling, and the pneumatic device (300) can input or extract gas from the piston chamber (113) via the air pipe (31), so that the magnetic piston (12) is displaced by changes in air pressure and drives the cutter head component (201) to slide along the guide rail component (111) through the magnetic coupling.

6. The deep hole processing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module (500) comprises a hydraulic device (400); a cutter disc body (21) of the cutter disc component (201) has a cutter disc oil circuit interface (211); the cutter disc oil circuit interface (211) is connected to a cutter disc cylinder body (23) for installing the cutter (24); the hydraulic device (400) is connected to the cutter disc oil circuit interface (211) via an oil pipe (41); the hydraulic device (400) can input or extract oil from the cutter disc component (201) via the oil pipe (41), so that the cutter (24) is extended or retracted relative to the cutter disc cylinder body (23) due to changes in oil pressure.

7. The deep hole machining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydraulic device (400) is connected to the cutter head (201) via an oil circuit integration ring (13). The oil circuit integration ring (13) is mounted on the main shaft (11). The oil circuit integration ring (13) comprises a movable ring (131) and a stationary ring (132). The movable ring (131) is movably connected to the main shaft (11). The stationary ring (132) is tightly connected to the main shaft (11). An annular oil circuit (133) for hydraulic oil to flow is provided between the stationary ring (132) and the movable ring (131). The oil pipe (41) of the hydraulic device (400) is connected to the annular oil circuit (133) via the movable ring (131). The oil pipe (41) of the cutter head (201) is connected to the annular oil circuit (133) via the stationary ring (132).

8. The deep hole machining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A positioning cylinder body (26) is installed on the cutter disc member (201) at a position close to the main shaft member (11); the positioning cylinder body (26) is connected to the cutter disc oil circuit interface (211) and is provided with a positioning pin (261) that can be extended toward the guide rail member (111); the guide rail member (111) is provided with a positioning hole (112) for the positioning pin (261) to extend into; a plurality of the positioning holes (112) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail member (111).

9. A deep hole processing method, applied to a machine tool having the deep hole processing system, characterized in that: The method comprises: The workpiece with deep hole structure is clamped on the machine tool; A cutter disc (201) having at least three cutters (24) is mounted on a main shaft (11) capable of penetrating a deep hole structure, wherein the cutter disc (201) can slide directionally along the axis direction of the main shaft (11), and the cutters (24) can be telescopically arranged relative to the cutter disc (201); The spindle member (11) is inserted into the deep hole structure of the workpiece and then installed on the machine tool so that the spindle member (11) is coaxial with the deep hole structure; Before processing, the control module (500) controls the cutter disc member (201) to be in a moving state, and after the cutter disc member (201) moves from an initial position to a processing position along the guide rail member (111) in the moving state, the control module (500) controls the cutter disc member (201) to be in a positioning state, and the cutter disc member (201) is restricted to a position on the guide rail member (111) in the positioning state; During machining, the control module (500) controls the spindle motor (600) to drive the spindle component (11) to rotate, and the control module (500) controls the tool (24) to be in an extended state. In the extended state, the tool (24) extends in a direction away from the center of the cutter head component (201) and contacts the surface of the deep hole structure, and the tool (24) performs cutting machining on the workpiece; After a single cutting process is completed, the control module (500) controls the tool (24) to be in a retracted state, wherein the tool (24) is retracted in a direction close to the center of the cutter head (201) and is separated from the surface of the deep hole structure; After the tool (24) is retracted, the control module (500) controls the cutter disc member (201) to be in a moving state. After the cutter disc member (201) moves to a next processing position along the guide rail member (111) in the moving state, the control module (500) controls the cutter disc member (201) to be in a positioning state. The cutter disc member (201) is restricted to a position on the guide rail member (111) in the positioning state. Repeat the above steps until the deep hole processing is completed.

10. The deep hole processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cutter disc component (201) is respectively equipped with a magnetic component (22) for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston (12), a cutter disc cylinder (23) for installing the cutter (24), and a retractable positioning pin (261); the main shaft component (11) has a piston cavity (113) for installing the magnetic piston (12) and a positioning hole (112) for the positioning pin (261) to extend into; the main shaft component (11) adopts a detachable split structure; The method comprises: The moving state is that the control module (500) controls the pneumatic device (300) to drive the magnetic piston (12) to move along the piston cavity (113) through air pressure changes and drives the cutter head (201) to move by using magnetic coupling; The positioning state is that the control module (500) controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the positioning pin (261) to extend into the positioning hole (112) through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head component (201) relative to the spindle component (11); The extended state is when the control module (500) controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the tool (24) to move in a direction away from the center of the tool disc (201) through oil pressure changes; The retracted state is when the control module (500) controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the cutter (24) to move in a direction close to the center of the cutter disc (201) through oil pressure changes.

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