Solid hydrogen storage fuel cell system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system and a control method. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a solid-state hydrogen storage module, the solid hydrogen storage module provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack; the solid hydrogen storage module is provided with a first heat dissipation mechanism, and the fuel cell stack is provided with a second heat dissipation mechanism; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger; an inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a PTC1 heater; an outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a first temperature sensor; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected with the air compressor through a cooling liquid circulation pipeline; the air compressor, the intercooler, the humidifier and the tail gas silencer are sequentially connected through air ducts; the humidifier interacts gas with the fuel cell stack; heat generated by the fuel cell stack and waste heat of the air compressor are used for supplying heat to solid hydrogen storage and release, so that a radiator of the air compressor is omitted, and the integration difficulty of the solid hydrogen storage fuel cell system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage fuel cells, and in particular relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells are devices that convert hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. They are highly efficient and environmentally friendly. Fuel cell applications are gradually expanding from buses to heavy-duty trucks, and are gradually breaking through the transportation field to the construction machinery field under special scenarios.

[0003] At present, the design of fuel cell systems mostly adopts high-pressure hydrogen storage or solid-state hydrogen storage technology. Solid-state hydrogen storage is valued for its high safety and high volume hydrogen storage density. During the operation of the fuel cell, the temperature and conductivity of the coolant need to be precisely controlled to ensure the stable operation and long life of the system.

[0004] Existing technologies focus on how to effectively utilize the waste heat generated by the operation of fuel cells to couple the characteristics of solid-state hydrogen storage systems to release hydrogen and absorb heat, such as patents CN115295823A and CN116031445A. The heat dissipation requirements of fuel cell systems are usually met through water cooling or air cooling systems, and these heat dissipation systems often require additional space, increasing the complexity and cost of system integration. At the same time, due to the requirements of the insulation design of the fuel cell system, the cooling water system has a high requirement for the concentration of ion precipitation. The current technical solutions are mostly to configure a radiator for the BOP accessories separately, which will increase the difficulty of integration regardless of the air cooling mode or the water cooling mode. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system and control method, which utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the waste heat of the BOP accessories to supply heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, eliminating the radiator of the BOP accessories and reducing the difficulty of integrating the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack and a solid-state hydrogen storage module for storing and releasing hydrogen; the solid-state hydrogen storage module provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is electrically connected to a power battery; The solid-state hydrogen storage module is equipped with a first heat dissipation mechanism, and the fuel cell stack is equipped with a second heat dissipation mechanism; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the first heat exchanger through a coolant circulation pipeline, the second heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the first heat exchanger through a coolant circulation pipeline, and the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger; The inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a PTC1 heater, and the power battery supplies power to the PTC1 heater; the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a first temperature sensor; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the air compressor through a coolant circulation pipeline; the air compressor, intercooler, humidifier and exhaust silencer are connected in sequence through an air duct; the humidifier interacts with the fuel cell stack to exchange gas.

[0007] Further, the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump, the first heat exchanger, the PTC1 heater and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system also includes a second heat exchanger, a PTC2 heater and a thermostat; The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the thermostat, the PTC2 heater and the outlet of the second water pump are connected through a pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the outlet and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are both configured with a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump, the heat dissipation controller, the air compressor and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, comprising: receiving a power demand instruction, and obtaining a required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module according to the power demand instruction; Reading the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module through the first temperature sensor to determine whether the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range, the solid-state hydrogen storage module is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, the air compressor is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is started; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is greater than the preset power threshold; control the PTC1 heater to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is less than a preset power threshold; the solid-state hydrogen storage module is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and the air compressor is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is started; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger, and the first heat dissipation mechanism exchanges heat with the air compressor to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range.

[0012] Furthermore, the required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is obtained according to the power demand instruction, including: Obtain the power-flow mapping table and the flow-temperature mapping table, query the power-flow mapping table according to the power demand instruction to obtain the hydrogen flow to be output by the solid-state hydrogen storage module; query the flow-temperature mapping table according to the hydrogen flow to obtain the required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

[0013] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system also includes a second heat exchanger, a PTC2 heater and a thermostat; The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the thermostat, the PTC2 heater and the outlet of the second water pump are connected through a pipeline; After the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range and the fuel cell stack is started, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, and the second heat exchanger exchanges heat with the atmospheric environment.

[0014] Further, the outlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by a second temperature sensor and recorded as temperature; the inlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by a third temperature sensor and recorded as temperature; After receiving the power demand instruction, when the temperature is lower than the preset start temperature threshold, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the PTC2 heater, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism; The PTC2 heater heats the coolant of the second heat dissipation mechanism until the temperature reaches a preset start-up temperature threshold.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The solid-state hydrogen storage module of the present invention is configured with a first heat dissipation mechanism, and the fuel cell stack is configured with a second heat dissipation mechanism; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through a first heat exchanger; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the air compressor through a coolant circulation pipeline; the air compressor, intercooler, humidifier and exhaust silencer are connected in sequence through an air duct; the humidifier exchanges gas with the fuel cell stack; the need for separate heat dissipation components of the air compressor is reduced, saving the integration space of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, making the entire system more compact; the heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the waste heat of the BOP accessories (air compressor) are used to supply heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing energy waste.

[0016] The fuel cell stack of the present invention is electrically connected to a power battery, the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a PTC1 heater, and the power battery supplies power to the PTC1 heater; the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a first temperature sensor; when the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is less than a preset power threshold; the solid-state hydrogen storage module is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and the air compressor is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is started; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through a first heat exchanger, and the first heat dissipation mechanism exchanges heat with the air compressor to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range; the thermal management and the hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage system can be flexibly adjusted according to different working conditions, thereby improving the response speed and operating stability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provided in Example 1; Figure 2 is a flow chart of a control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provided in Embodiment 2; In the figure, 1 is a solid-state hydrogen storage module, 2 is a first temperature sensor, 3 is a first water pump, 4 is a controller, 5 is an air compressor, 6 is an intercooler, 7 is a humidifier, 8 is an exhaust muffler, 9 is a fuel cell stack, 10 is a second temperature sensor, 11 is a third temperature sensor, 12 is a PTC2 heater, 13 is a thermostat, 14 is a second water pump, and 15 is a PTC1 heater. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention rather than requiring the present invention to be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", and "down" used in the description of the present invention refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inside" and "outside" refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 9 and a solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 for storing and releasing hydrogen; the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is provided with solid materials; the solid-state material realizes the process of hydrogen absorption and release by absorbing and releasing heat; the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack 9, and the fuel cell stack 9 is electrically connected to the power battery.

[0022] The solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is provided with a first heat dissipation mechanism, the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump 3, the first heat exchanger, the PTC1 heater 15 and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the power battery supplies power to the PTC1 heater 15; the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a first temperature sensor 2.

[0023] The outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump 3, the heat dissipation controller 4, the air compressor 5 and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the air compressor 5, the intercooler 6, the humidifier 7 and the exhaust muffler 8 are connected in sequence through an air duct, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust muffler 8; the humidifier 7 exchanges gas with the fuel cell stack 9.

[0024] This embodiment reduces the need for separate heat dissipation components for the air compressor, saves integration space for the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, and makes the entire system more compact; it utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the waste heat of the BOP accessory (the air compressor is a BOP accessory in this embodiment) to supply heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing energy waste.

[0025] The fuel cell stack 9 is provided with a second heat dissipation mechanism; the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump 14, the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline, and the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger.

[0026] The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump 14, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat 13 and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the thermostat 13, the PTC2 heater 12 and the outlet of the second water pump 14 are connected through a pipeline; by using the thermostat and the PTC2 heater, the power battery supplies power to the PTC2 heater 12; the system can adjust the temperature of the coolant according to the real-time temperature demand, thereby reducing energy waste. The thermostat can turn on or off the heater according to the temperature of the coolant to ensure that the solid hydrogen storage fuel cell system will not be overheated.

[0027] The outlet and inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are both configured with a second temperature sensor 10 and a third temperature sensor 11; the configuration of the second temperature sensor 10 and the third temperature sensor 11 enables the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system to monitor the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures of the second heat dissipation mechanism in real time, thereby quickly responding to temperature changes and adjusting the cooling strategy in time to ensure the stable operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system; this implementation can flexibly adjust the thermal management and hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage system according to different working conditions, thereby improving the response speed and operating stability of the system.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system is applied to the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system described in Example 1, comprising: Receive a power demand instruction, obtain a power-flow mapping table and a flow-temperature mapping table, query the power-flow mapping table according to the power demand instruction to obtain the hydrogen flow to be output by the solid-state hydrogen storage module; query the flow-temperature mapping table according to the hydrogen flow to obtain the required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

[0030] The outlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by the second temperature sensor 10 and recorded as temperature; the inlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by the third temperature sensor 11 and recorded as temperature; After receiving the power demand instruction, when the temperature is lower than the preset starting temperature threshold, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat 13 to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump 14, the PTC2 heater 12, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism; the PTC2 heater 12 heats the coolant of the second heat dissipation mechanism until the temperature reaches the preset starting temperature threshold; by heating the fuel cell stack 9 by the PTC2 heater, the temperature can be quickly raised to the operating temperature required by the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, which is beneficial to improving the starting efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system; by precisely controlling the circulation and heating of the coolant, the system can be maintained within a stable operating temperature range, which is crucial to the performance of the fuel cell.

[0031] The operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is read by the first temperature sensor 3 to determine whether the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 reaches the required temperature range; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 reaches the required temperature range, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 9, and the air compressor 5 is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack 9, and the fuel cell stack is started; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 does not reach the required temperature range and the power of the power battery is greater than the preset power threshold; the PTC1 heater 15 is controlled to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range; by heating the solid-state hydrogen storage module, it can be ensured that hydrogen can be effectively released under low temperature conditions, meeting the fuel cell stack's hydrogen supply needs and improving the system's adaptability to changes in ambient temperature.

[0032] When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is less than the preset power threshold; the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 9, and the air compressor 5 is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack 9, and the fuel cell stack is started at low temperature; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger, and the first heat dissipation mechanism exchanges heat with the air compressor to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range.

[0033] The heat of the fuel cell stack 9 is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system as a whole, reducing dependence on external heat sources and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency; starting in a low-temperature environment expands the application range of the fuel cell system, enabling it to work under a wider range of climatic conditions.

[0034] After the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 reaches the required temperature range and the fuel cell stack is started, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat 13 to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump 14, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat 13 and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, and the second heat exchanger exchanges heat with the atmospheric environment. This implementation can flexibly adjust the thermal management and hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage system according to different working conditions, thereby improving the response speed and operation stability of the system.

[0035] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell stack and a solid-state hydrogen storage module for storing and releasing hydrogen; the solid-state hydrogen storage module provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is electrically connected to the power battery; The solid-state hydrogen storage module is equipped with a first heat dissipation mechanism, and the fuel cell stack is equipped with a second heat dissipation mechanism; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the first heat exchanger through a coolant circulation pipeline, the second heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the first heat exchanger through a coolant circulation pipeline, and the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger; The inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a PTC1 heater, and the power battery supplies power to the PTC1 heater; the outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism is provided with a first temperature sensor; the first heat dissipation mechanism is connected to the air compressor through a coolant circulation pipeline; the air compressor, intercooler, humidifier and exhaust silencer are connected in sequence through an air duct; the humidifier interacts with the fuel cell stack to exchange gas.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump, the first heat exchanger, the PTC1 heater and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a second heat exchanger, a PTC2 heater and a thermostat; The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the thermostat, the PTC2 heater and the outlet of the second water pump are connected through a pipeline.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are both configured with a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism, the first water pump, the heat dissipation controller, the air compressor and the inlet of the first heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline.

7. The control method of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: receiving a power demand instruction, and obtaining a required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module according to the power demand instruction; Reading the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module through the first temperature sensor to determine whether the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range, the solid-state hydrogen storage module is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, the air compressor is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is started; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is greater than the preset power threshold; control the PTC1 heater to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range; When the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module does not reach the required temperature range, and the power of the power battery is less than a preset power threshold; the solid-state hydrogen storage module is controlled to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and the air compressor is controlled to provide oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is started; the first heat dissipation mechanism and the second heat dissipation mechanism exchange heat through the first heat exchanger, and the first heat dissipation mechanism exchanges heat with the air compressor to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module until the operating temperature reaches the required temperature range.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is obtained according to the power requirement instruction, including: Obtain the power-flow mapping table and the flow-temperature mapping table, query the power-flow mapping table according to the power demand instruction to obtain the hydrogen flow to be output by the solid-state hydrogen storage module; query the flow-temperature mapping table according to the hydrogen flow to obtain the required temperature range of the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

9. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system also includes a second heat exchanger, a PTC2 heater and a thermostat; The outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism are connected through a coolant circulation pipeline; the thermostat, the PTC2 heater and the outlet of the second water pump are connected through a pipeline; After the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module reaches the required temperature range and the fuel cell stack is started, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the second heat exchanger, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, and the second heat exchanger exchanges heat with the atmospheric environment.

10. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by a second temperature sensor and recorded as temperature; the inlet coolant temperature of the second heat dissipation mechanism is detected by a third temperature sensor and recorded as temperature; After receiving the power demand instruction, when the temperature is lower than the preset start temperature threshold, the coolant is controlled by the thermostat to circulate along the outlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism, the second water pump, the PTC2 heater, the thermostat and the inlet of the second heat dissipation mechanism; The PTC2 heater heats the coolant of the second heat dissipation mechanism until the temperature reaches a preset start-up temperature threshold.

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