Layout planning method of millimeter wave communication system

Abstract

The invention discloses a layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system, which relates to the technical field of millimeter wave communication, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a base station node of a to-be-detected area, and acquiring power attenuation influence data and propagation path influence data of millimeter waves according to the base station node; constructing a propagation path model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the propagation path influence data, and obtaining an actual transmission path distance of the millimeter waves; constructing a millimeter wave power attenuation model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation influence data and the propagation path model; obtaining an optimal effective coverage range of a base station according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model, and ensuring that a signal can cover an expected user area; the millimeter wave power attenuation model is established to solve the problems of signal phase interference, inaccurate power attenuation when wireless signals are transmitted in a free space and large errors caused by a multipath effect formed when reflected signals and direct signals reach a receiving end at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of millimeter wave communication technology, and more specifically, to a layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system. Background Art

[0002] Millimeter wave communication system is a wireless communication technology that uses millimeter wave frequency bands for data transmission. With the development of 5G and future 6G networks, millimeter wave communication has attracted widespread attention due to its high bandwidth, large capacity, and low latency. These characteristics enable millimeter wave communication to support high-speed data transmission, large-scale terminal access, and complex application scenarios, especially in emerging applications such as smart cities, autonomous driving, virtual reality, and augmented reality.

[0003] As user needs diversify, millimeter wave communication systems also need to support a variety of business scenarios, such as high-density user areas and wide-area coverage. This requires that in layout planning, user distribution, traffic demand, and service quality indicators in different scenarios be fully considered to achieve reasonable resource allocation and network optimization. The above disclosed technical solutions have at least the following technical problems: The power attenuation calculation for signal propagation in the layout planning method of the traditional millimeter wave communication system is based on the Friis propagation model, and the Friis propagation model is to adjust the direction of signal transmission to bypass obstacles through reflected signals to ensure that the signal can reach the receiving end. However, this method causes the reflected signal and the direct signal to arrive at the receiving end at the same time, which will form a multipath effect and cause signal phase interference, thereby reducing the quality of the received signal. This makes the calculated power attenuation of the wireless signal when transmitted in free space inaccurate and has a large error. In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a solution. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system. By establishing a millimeter wave power attenuation model, it solves the problem that the reflected signal and the direct signal arrive at the receiving end at the same time, which will form a multipath effect and cause signal phase interference. The power attenuation of the wireless signal when transmitted in free space is not accurate, and there is a large error.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system includes obtaining base station nodes in a to-be-tested area, obtaining power attenuation impact data and propagation path impact data of the millimeter wave according to the base station nodes; the propagation path impact data includes obstacle impact data, earth curvature correction factor and signal-to-noise ratio impact data, constructing a propagation path model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the propagation path impact data, and obtaining the actual transmission path distance of the millimeter wave; constructing a millimeter wave power attenuation model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation impact data and the propagation path model; and obtaining the optimal effective coverage range of the base station according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the power attenuation impact data includes scattering attenuation, and the specific steps for obtaining the scattering attenuation are as follows: obtain a baseline signal strength in the absence of a scatterer, and obtain the distance, shape factor and speed of light between the transmitter to be tested and the receiver; obtain multiple sets of air index data, the air index data including scattered light intensity and particle size, filter the collected data, calculate based on the scattered light intensity and known scatterer characteristics, and obtain the concentration of the scatterer in the air; introduce the selected scatterer into the signal propagation path, start the signal transmitter, and record the signal strength received by the receiver with the scatterer; based on The scattering cross section is calculated based on a preset scattering cross section formula according to the signal strength after scattering, the baseline strength of the signal, the concentration of the scatterer and the distance between the transmitter and the receiver; the transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; the wavelength of the signal is calculated based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; the scattering attenuation is calculated based on a preset scattering attenuation formula according to the scattering cross section, wavelength, the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the concentration of the scatterer in the air and the shape factor.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the power attenuation impact data includes free space attenuation, and the specific steps for obtaining the free space attenuation are as follows: obtaining the distance between the transmitter and the receiver to be tested, the density of the air and the speed of light; the transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; the wavelength of the signal is calculated based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; the free space attenuation is calculated based on the preset free space attenuation formula according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the air density and the wavelength of the signal.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the power attenuation impact data includes reflection attenuation, and the specific steps for obtaining the reflection attenuation are as follows: obtain electric field strength and magnetic field strength data of multiple groups of signals during reflection and transmission; calculate multiple groups of wave impedances of incident media and wave impedances of transmission media based on the reflected and transmitted electric field strength and magnetic field strength data based on a preset wave impedance formula, and clear the wave impedance to be zero or negative; calculate the reflection coefficient based on the wave impedance of the incident medium and the wave impedance of the transmission medium; calculate the reflection attenuation based on the reflection coefficient based on a preset reflection attenuation formula.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the specific steps for obtaining the obstacle effect are as follows: obtain the positions of the signal transmitter and signal receiver to be tested, place the obstacle to be tested between the transmitter and the receiver, and record the length of the obstacle; obtain multiple groups of signal strengths received by the receiver in the absence of obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after the obstacle is placed, and obtain the average of the signal strengths received by the receiver in the absence of obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after the obstacle is placed; obtain the signal attenuation coefficient based on the signal strengths received by the receiver in the absence of obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after the obstacle is placed; and obtain the obstacle effect by calculating based on the signal attenuation coefficient and the length of the obstacle based on a preset obstacle effect formula.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the specific steps for obtaining the earth curvature correction factor are as follows: obtain the radius of the earth, the height of the transmitter and the receiver; calculate based on the preset earth curvature correction factor formula according to the radius of the earth, the height of the transmitter and the receiver to obtain the earth curvature correction factor.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the specific steps for obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio influence are as follows: start the noise source, set the operating frequency and amplitude of the noise source, adjust the output power of the noise source, and record the initial settings; connect the noise source output to the input of the spectrum analyzer, turn on the spectrum analyzer, set the frequency range and resolution, and record the power spectral density and total power of the noise signal; analyze the distribution of noise power through software, compare the noise power in different frequency ranges, and identify the noise power of the main noise source; start the signal source, set the operating frequency and amplitude, adjust the output power of the signal source, and connect the signal source output to the input of the power meter; if the signal strength is too large, use an attenuator to attenuate it to avoid damage to the measuring equipment, turn on the power meter for measurement, obtain the signal power, and obtain multiple groups of signal powers by adjusting the operating frequency and amplitude; calculate based on the preset signal-to-noise ratio influence formula according to the signal power and noise power to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio influence.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the optimal effective coverage range of the base station is obtained according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area, specifically: obtaining known parameters including wavelength, impedance, and scattering cross section, performing numerical calculations according to a preset maximum attenuation threshold, and obtaining the propagation path distance of the millimeter wave within the effective coverage range; inversely deducing the distance between each base station based on the propagation path distance of the millimeter wave and the propagation path model; and at the same time, adjusting the set maximum attenuation threshold according to the number of user demands between the base stations to obtain the optimal distance between each base station.

[0013] The technical effects and advantages of the layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention obtains comprehensive power attenuation and propagation path impact data. The method accurately evaluates the propagation characteristics of millimeter wave signals in a specific area, ensures the effectiveness of signal coverage, and uses machine learning algorithms to construct propagation path models and power attenuation models, so that the system can continuously optimize and adjust signal propagation parameters according to real-time data, thereby improving communication quality.

[0014] 2. The present invention takes into account multiple influencing factors such as scattering, free space attenuation, reflection, obstacles, earth curvature and signal-to-noise ratio, so as to make the planning results more comprehensive and reliable. In the process of signal propagation testing, by transmitting and receiving signals of different frequencies and conditions, the influence of the environment on the signal is dynamically captured, thereby ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the data. According to user needs and environmental changes, the maximum attenuation threshold and base station spacing are flexibly adjusted to ensure that the signal coverage in the user area meets actual needs, thereby improving user experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Embodiment 1, Figure 1 The present invention provides a layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining base station nodes in the area to be measured, and obtaining millimeter wave power attenuation impact data and propagation path impact data according to the base station nodes.

[0018] In this embodiment, the base station node of the area to be measured is obtained, and the power attenuation influence data of the millimeter wave is obtained according to the base station node, specifically: Scattering attenuation data: Scattering attenuation refers to the reduction in signal strength caused by encountering scatterers such as gas molecules and raindrops during the propagation process. This attenuation is mainly caused by the scattering of signal energy when encountering these tiny particles.

[0019] The specific steps of obtaining the scattering attenuation are as follows: Obtain the baseline signal strength in the absence of scatterers, and obtain the distance, form factor, and speed of light between the transmitter and receiver under test; Acquire multiple sets of air index data, including scattered light intensity and particle size, filter the collected data, calculate based on the scattered light intensity and known scatterer characteristics, and obtain the concentration of scatterers in the air; Introduce the selected scatterer into the signal propagation path, start the signal transmitter, and record the signal strength received by the receiver with the scatterer; The scattering cross section is obtained by calculating based on a preset scattering cross section formula according to the intensity of the scattered signal, the reference intensity of the signal, the concentration of the scatterer, and the distance between the transmitter and the receiver; The transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; Calculate the wavelength of the signal based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; The scattering attenuation is calculated based on a preset scattering attenuation formula according to the scattering cross section, wavelength, distance between the transmitter and the receiver, concentration of the scatterer in the air and shape factor to obtain the scattering attenuation.

[0020] The specific calculation formula of the scattering attenuation is as follows:

[0021] The specific calculation formula of the scattering cross section is as follows:

[0022] In the formula, is the scattering attenuation, is the scattering cross section, which is related to the properties of the scatterer, is the wavelength, is the propagation distance, is the concentration of scatterers in the air, is the shape factor, is the baseline strength of the signal, is the intensity of the scattered signal.

[0023] It should be noted that the scattering cross section reflects the degree of influence of the scatterer on the signal, which depends on the size and shape of the scatterer. The scattering intensity is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, which means that the longer the wavelength, the greater the scattering loss.

[0024] Free space attenuation data: Free space attenuation refers to the phenomenon that when electromagnetic waves propagate in free space without any obstacles, reflections or scattering, the signal strength decreases as the propagation distance increases. It is an important concept in wireless communications, which describes the degree of attenuation of signals when propagating in free space.

[0025] The specific steps of obtaining the free space attenuation are as follows: Obtain the distance between the transmitter and receiver to be tested, the density of the air and the speed of light; The transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; Calculate the wavelength of the signal based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; The free space attenuation is calculated based on a preset free space attenuation formula according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the air density and the wavelength of the signal to obtain the free space attenuation.

[0026] The specific calculation formula of the free space attenuation is as follows:

[0027] In the formula, is the free space attenuation, is pi, is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, is the wavelength of the signal, is the air density.

[0028] It should be noted that the signal frequency itself will not attenuate with distance. Frequency is an inherent characteristic of the signal, which indicates the number of periodic changes per second and is determined by the transmitting source. If the transmitting source or receiver is moving, it will cause the frequency to change. This is not the result of distance attenuation, but a phenomenon caused by relative motion. Free space attenuation is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the signal. The higher the wavelength of the signal, the smaller the free space attenuation.

[0029] Reflection attenuation data, reflection attenuation refers to the signal loss caused by wave impedance mismatch when the signal encounters the medium interface. It is an important concept to describe the signal loss caused by wave impedance mismatch at the medium interface.

[0030] The specific steps for obtaining the reflection attenuation are as follows: Obtaining data on the electric field strength and magnetic field strength of multiple sets of signals during reflection and transmission; According to the reflected and transmitted electric field strength and magnetic field strength data, multiple groups of incident medium wave impedances and transmission medium wave impedances are calculated based on a preset wave impedance formula, wave impedances that are zero or negative are cleared, and the reasons are recorded and analyzed to ensure data accuracy; Calculating a reflection coefficient according to the wave impedance of the incident medium and the wave impedance of the transmission medium; The reflection attenuation is calculated based on the reflection coefficient based on a preset reflection attenuation formula.

[0031] The specific calculation formula of the reflection attenuation is as follows:

[0032] The specific calculation formula of the wave impedance is as follows:

[0033] In the formula, is the reflection attenuation, is the reflection coefficient, is the wave impedance of the incident medium, is the wave impedance of the transmission medium, is the electric field strength, is the magnetic field strength.

[0034] Further, the advantages of analyzing the influence of scattering attenuation data, free space attenuation data and reflection attenuation data on millimeter waves are as follows: Accurate channel models enable engineers to calculate the minimum required transmit power according to different environmental conditions to ensure that the signal can reach the required quality at the receiving end. This not only improves the reliability of communication, but also effectively saves energy and extends the service life of the equipment. By analyzing attenuation data, designers optimize the gain configuration of the antenna to adapt to different propagation environments. For example, in a high-scattering environment, a higher-gain antenna is required to compensate for signal loss, thereby improving overall communication performance. Different attenuation mechanisms will have different effects on millimeter wave signals of different frequencies. Through data analysis, the most suitable frequency for use in a specific environment can be determined to improve the signal penetration and propagation distance. After understanding the characteristics of signal attenuation, a more reasonable network topology can be formulated to ensure that the coverage overlap area between base stations is sufficient and blind spots are reduced. This can improve the service quality of the overall network and enhance the user experience in different scenarios. The analysis results reveal areas with greater signal attenuation in specific environments, such as densely populated urban areas and basements. These areas are often key points of signal weakening. Engineers concentrate resources to deploy additional base stations or signal enhancement equipment in these areas to ensure that users can obtain stable signals in various environments. By real-time monitoring and analysis of attenuation data, dynamic network management is achieved, and signal strength, frequency and antenna direction are adjusted in a timely manner to adapt to the ever-changing environment and user needs.

[0035] S2, the propagation path impact data includes obstacle impact data, earth curvature correction factor and signal-to-noise ratio impact data. According to the propagation path impact data, a propagation path model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm to obtain the actual transmission path distance of the millimeter wave.

[0036] In this implementation, the propagation path impact data includes obstacle impact data, earth curvature correction factor and signal-to-noise ratio impact data, specifically: The impact of obstacles refers to the attenuation and obstruction of signal strength and propagation path caused by buildings, trees, and hills during wireless communication or signal propagation. These obstacles can cause signal reflection, refraction, and diffraction, causing signal attenuation and distortion, which in turn affects communication quality and reliability.

[0037] The specific steps for obtaining the obstacle influence are as follows: Get the positions of the signal transmitter and signal receiver to be tested, place the obstacle to be tested between the transmitter and the receiver, and record the length of the obstacle; Obtain multiple sets of signal strengths received by the receiver when there are no obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after obstacles are placed, and obtain the average of the signal strengths received by the receiver when there are no obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after obstacles are placed; Obtaining a signal attenuation coefficient according to the signal strength received by the receiver in the absence of obstacles and the signal strength received by the receiver after the obstacles are placed; The obstacle impact is calculated based on a preset obstacle impact formula according to the signal attenuation coefficient and the length of the obstacle to obtain the obstacle impact.

[0038] The specific calculation formula of the obstacle impact is as follows:

[0039] In the formula, It is the influence of obstacles. is the signal attenuation coefficient, is the length of the obstacle.

[0040] Earth curvature correction factor,The earth curvature correction factor involves the impact of the shape of the earth as a three-dimensional sphere on the propagation of wireless signals. When propagating over long distances, the signal may be limited by the curvature of the earth, causing the signal to be blocked by the horizon before reaching the receiving end.

[0041] The specific steps for obtaining the earth curvature correction factor are as follows: Get the radius of the Earth, the altitude of the transmitter and the receiver; The earth curvature correction factor is calculated based on the radius of the earth and the heights of the transmitter and the receiver based on the preset earth curvature correction factor formula to obtain the earth curvature correction factor.

[0042] The specific calculation formula of the earth curvature correction factor is as follows:

[0043] In the formula, is the correction factor for the curvature of the earth, is the height of the transmitter, is the height of the receiver, is the radius of the Earth.

[0044] Signal-to-noise ratio impact refers to the phenomenon that wireless signals reach the receiver through different paths during the propagation process. These paths can include direct paths and indirect paths through reflection, refraction or scattering. Due to the difference in propagation time of different paths, the received signal may have a phase difference, resulting in signal interference or attenuation, which is called multipath interference.

[0045] The specific steps for obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio influence are as follows: Start the noise source, set the operating frequency and amplitude of the noise source, adjust the output power of the noise source, and record the initial settings; Connect the noise source output to the input of the spectrum analyzer, turn on the spectrum analyzer, set the frequency range and resolution, and record the power spectral density and total power of the noise signal; Analyze the distribution of noise power through software, compare the noise power in different frequency ranges, and identify the noise power of the main noise source; Start the signal source, set the operating frequency and amplitude, adjust the output power of the signal source, and connect the signal source output to the input of the power meter; If the signal strength is too strong, use an attenuator to attenuate it to avoid damage to the measuring equipment, turn on the power meter to measure, obtain the signal power, and obtain multiple groups of signal powers by adjusting the operating frequency and amplitude; The signal-to-noise ratio impact is calculated based on the signal power and the noise power based on a preset signal-to-noise ratio impact formula to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio impact.

[0046] The specific calculation formula for the signal-to-noise ratio effect is as follows:

[0047] In the formula, is the signal-to-noise ratio effect, Signal power, Noise Power In this implementation, the propagation path model is constructed based on the machine learning algorithm according to the propagation path impact data to obtain the actual transmission path distance of the millimeter wave, specifically: The specific calculation formula of the propagation path model is as follows:

[0048] In the formula, is the signal propagation path distance, is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, It is the obstacles that affect the data. is the correction factor for the curvature of the earth, It is the signal-to-noise ratio that affects the data.

[0049] Further analysis shows the advantages of obstacle impact data, earth curvature correction factor and signal-to-noise ratio impact data on the propagation path: By adjusting the attenuation coefficient and obstacle length, the model is optimized according to different frequencies and environmental conditions. This flexibility enables system designers to develop more effective strategies in changing real environments to ensure signal coverage and strength. After introducing the attenuation factor, the model simulates signal attenuation in complex environments more realistically, taking into account the diversity of obstacles such as buildings and trees, thereby improving the credibility of the simulation results. When designing and optimizing communication systems, understanding the impact of obstacles on signals allows engineers to more reasonably arrange base stations, select transmission power and frequency, thereby improving the overall performance of the system; The introduction of the signal-to-noise ratio allows the model to take into account the interaction between signal quality and noise at the design stage, making the final propagation effect more accurate. This feature is particularly important for scenarios such as wireless communications and satellite communications, because these environments are usually accompanied by high noise levels. Using the additional parameter of the signal-to-noise ratio, the model can evaluate the availability of signals under different noise conditions, which provides an important basis for system design. For example, in areas with severe signal attenuation, the system automatically adjusts the power or selects a more suitable modulation method to improve transmission efficiency. The model considering the signal-to-noise ratio enables designers to implement adaptive technologies, such as dynamically adjusting the transmission power or selecting different frequencies to cope with environmental changes, thereby optimizing communication quality. By taking into account the height of the transmitter and receiver, the earth curvature correction factor provides a more accurate propagation path calculation. This correction is particularly important in high-altitude communications such as satellites or high-altitude aircraft. It effectively avoids errors caused by terrain changes and earth curvature, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction. For long-distance communication applications, considering the earth's curvature makes signal propagation path planning more scientific and can maximize signal coverage. Especially in signal propagation in complex terrain and vast areas, this correction can significantly improve the reliability of the system. In the field of satellite communications, the application of the earth's curvature correction factor can help optimize satellite orbit design and ensure the efficiency of signal transmission between ground stations and satellites, thereby improving the performance of the overall communication network.

[0050] S3, constructing a millimeter wave power attenuation model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation impact data and the propagation path model.

[0051] In this implementation, the millimeter wave power attenuation model is constructed based on the machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation impact data and the propagation path model, specifically: The specific calculation formula of the millimeter wave power attenuation model is as follows:

[0052] In the formula, is the free space attenuation, is the reflection attenuation, is the scattering attenuation, is pi, is the wavelength of the signal, is the air density, is the scattering cross section, which is related to the properties of the scatterer, is the signal propagation path distance, is the concentration of scatterers in the air, is the shape factor, is the reflection coefficient, is the wave impedance of the incident medium, is the wave impedance of the transmission medium, is the electric field strength, is the magnetic field strength.

[0053] S4, obtaining the optimal effective coverage range of the base station according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area.

[0054] In this implementation, the optimal effective coverage range of the base station is obtained according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area, specifically: Obtain known parameters including wavelength, impedance, and scattering cross section, perform numerical calculations based on a preset maximum attenuation threshold, and obtain the propagation path distance of the millimeter wave within the effective coverage range; The distance between each base station is obtained by inverse calculation based on the millimeter wave propagation path distance and propagation path model; At the same time, the set maximum attenuation threshold is adjusted according to the number of user demands between base stations to obtain the optimal distance between each base station.

[0055] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0056] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.

[0057] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0058] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.

[0059] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0060] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system, characterized in that: Acquire base station nodes in the area to be measured, and acquire millimeter wave power attenuation impact data and propagation path impact data according to the base station nodes; The propagation path impact data includes obstacle impact data, earth curvature correction factor and signal-to-noise ratio impact data. A propagation path model is constructed based on the machine learning algorithm according to the propagation path impact data to obtain the actual transmission path distance of the millimeter wave; Constructing a millimeter wave power attenuation model based on a machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation impact data and the propagation path model; The optimal effective coverage range of the base station is obtained according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area.

2. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power attenuation influence data includes scattering attenuation, and the specific steps of obtaining the scattering attenuation are as follows: Obtain the baseline signal strength in the absence of scatterers, and obtain the distance, form factor, and speed of light between the transmitter and receiver under test; Acquire multiple sets of air index data, including scattered light intensity and particle size, filter the collected data, calculate based on the scattered light intensity and known scatterer characteristics, and obtain the concentration of scatterers in the air; Introduce the selected scatterer into the signal propagation path, start the signal transmitter, and record the signal strength received by the receiver with the scatterer; The scattering cross section is obtained by calculating based on a preset scattering cross section formula according to the intensity of the scattered signal, the reference intensity of the signal, the concentration of the scatterer, and the distance between the transmitter and the receiver; The transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; Calculate the wavelength of the signal based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; The scattering attenuation is calculated based on a preset scattering attenuation formula according to the scattering cross section, wavelength, distance between the transmitter and the receiver, concentration of the scatterer in the air and shape factor to obtain the scattering attenuation.

3. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power attenuation impact data includes free space attenuation, and the specific steps of obtaining the free space attenuation are as follows: Obtain the distance between the transmitter and receiver to be tested, the density of the air and the speed of light; The transmitter is used to transmit signals, and multiple groups of signals with different frequencies are transmitted by the transmitter, and the signals are received by the receiver, and the transmitter and the receiver are kept in a stationary state during the process of transmitting and receiving signals; Calculate the wavelength of the signal based on the wavelength formula according to the collected frequency data and the speed of light; The free space attenuation is calculated based on a preset free space attenuation formula according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the air density and the wavelength of the signal to obtain the free space attenuation.

4. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power attenuation influence data includes reflection attenuation, and the specific steps of obtaining the reflection attenuation are as follows: Obtaining data on the electric field strength and magnetic field strength of multiple sets of signals during reflection and transmission; According to the reflected and transmitted electric field strength and magnetic field strength data, multiple groups of incident medium wave impedances and transmission medium wave impedances are calculated based on a preset wave impedance formula, and the wave impedance is cleared to be zero or negative; Calculating a reflection coefficient according to the wave impedance of the incident medium and the wave impedance of the transmission medium; The reflection attenuation is calculated based on the reflection coefficient based on a preset reflection attenuation formula.

5. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the obstacle influence are as follows: Get the positions of the signal transmitter and signal receiver to be tested, place the obstacle to be tested between the transmitter and the receiver, and record the length of the obstacle; Obtain multiple sets of signal strengths received by the receiver when there are no obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after obstacles are placed, and obtain the average of the signal strengths received by the receiver when there are no obstacles and the signal strengths received by the receiver after obstacles are placed; Obtaining a signal attenuation coefficient according to the signal strength received by the receiver in the absence of obstacles and the signal strength received by the receiver after the obstacles are placed; The obstacle impact is calculated based on a preset obstacle impact formula according to the signal attenuation coefficient and the length of the obstacle to obtain the obstacle impact.

6. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio influence are as follows: Start the noise source, set the operating frequency and amplitude of the noise source, adjust the output power of the noise source, and record the initial settings; Connect the noise source output to the input of the spectrum analyzer, turn on the spectrum analyzer, set the frequency range and resolution, and record the power spectral density and total power of the noise signal; Analyze the distribution of noise power through software, compare the noise power in different frequency ranges, and identify the noise power of the main noise source; Start the signal source, set the operating frequency and amplitude, adjust the output power of the signal source, and connect the signal source output to the input of the power meter; If the signal strength is too strong, use an attenuator to attenuate it to avoid damage to the measuring equipment, turn on the power meter to measure, obtain the signal power, and obtain multiple groups of signal powers by adjusting the operating frequency and amplitude; The signal-to-noise ratio impact is calculated based on the signal power and the noise power based on a preset signal-to-noise ratio impact formula to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio impact.

7. A layout planning method for a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optimal effective coverage range of the base station is obtained according to the millimeter wave power attenuation model to ensure that the signal can cover the expected user area, specifically: Obtain known parameters including wavelength, impedance, and scattering cross section, perform numerical calculations based on a preset maximum attenuation threshold, and obtain the propagation path distance of the millimeter wave within the effective coverage range; The distance between each base station is obtained by inverse calculation based on the millimeter wave propagation path distance and propagation path model; At the same time, the set maximum attenuation threshold is adjusted according to the number of user demands between base stations to obtain the optimal distance between each base station.

8. The layout planning method of a millimeter wave communication system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In this implementation, the propagation path model is constructed based on the machine learning algorithm according to the propagation path impact data to obtain the actual transmission path distance of the millimeter wave, specifically: The specific calculation formula of the propagation path model is as follows: In the formula, is the signal propagation path distance, is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, It is the obstacles that affect the data. is the correction factor for the curvature of the earth, It is the signal-to-noise ratio that affects the data.

9. A millimeter wave communication system layout planning method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The millimeter wave power attenuation model is constructed based on the machine learning algorithm according to the power attenuation impact data and the propagation path model, specifically: The specific calculation formula of the millimeter wave power attenuation model is as follows: In the formula, is the free space attenuation, is the reflection attenuation, is the scattering attenuation, is pi, is the wavelength of the signal, is the air density, is the scattering cross section, which is related to the properties of the scatterer, is the signal propagation path distance, is the concentration of scatterers in the air, is the shape factor, is the reflection coefficient, is the wave impedance of the incident medium, is the wave impedance of the transmission medium, is the electric field strength, is the magnetic field strength.

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