Differentiated charging blasting method capable of efficiently utilizing energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a differentiated charging blasting method capable of efficiently utilizing energy. The method comprises the steps that a center blasting hole, a slotting hole, an auxiliary slotting hole, an auxiliary slotting guide hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a peripheral guide hole are sequentially formed in a working face; preparing explosives with different detonation velocities and different detonation volumes; the explosives with different detonation velocities and different detonation volumes are correspondingly loaded into different blast holes respectively; blocking the blast hole with stemming; and performing millisecond detonation, controlling a blasting time sequence, and optimizing a propagation path and action time of blasting waves. According to the differentiated charging blasting method capable of efficiently utilizing the energy, explosives with different dynamic and static effects are filled for different blast holes, and the effects of accurately and efficiently utilizing the dynamic and static energy of the explosives, improving the blasting effect and reducing blasting hazards are achieved by combining millisecond blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a differentiated charge blasting method for efficient energy utilization. Background Art

[0002] In open-pit mining and tunneling projects, most of the excavation is done by blasting. The blasting method is to arrange a certain number of blastholes on the working face, load explosives in the blastholes, and use the explosive stress wave and explosive gas generated by the explosion of the explosives to crush and throw rocks. The detonation velocity of the explosive determines the stress wave intensity, and the explosive capacity and explosion heat of the explosive determine the intensity of the explosive gas. In a working face, different blastholes have different functions. For example, the function of the peripheral holes is to form a regular contour line while reducing damage to the retained rock mass. Therefore, explosives with low detonation velocity and large explosion capacity are required; the function of the slot hole is to crush the rock with only one free face, which requires explosives with high detonation velocity. Therefore, different blastholes should require industrial explosives with different detonation velocities or explosion capacities.

[0003] The existing technical solution has the following defects: the detonation velocity of industrial explosives is generally 3200m / s-6000m / s, but when charging the working face, different blast holes on the same working face are loaded with explosives of the same detonation velocity. This will cause some blast holes to have too much energy, the surrounding rock mass to be over-crushed, and even cause safety accidents, while some blast holes cannot be blasted out due to insufficient energy. The existing blasting method has the situation that the explosive explosion energy cannot be effectively utilized. Therefore, we propose a differentiated charging blasting method with efficient energy utilization to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a differentiated charge blasting method with efficient energy utilization, so as to solve the problem that the explosive energy cannot be effectively utilized in the existing blasting method proposed in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a differentiated charge blasting method with efficient energy utilization, the method comprising:

[0006] S1: Arrange the central blasting hole, slot hole, auxiliary slot hole, auxiliary slot guide hole, auxiliary hole, peripheral hole and peripheral guide hole in sequence on the working face;

[0007] S2: prepare explosives with different detonation speeds and different detonation volumes;

[0008] S3: Loading explosives with different detonation velocities and different explosion volumes into different blast holes respectively;

[0009] S4: Use gun mud to block the blast hole;

[0010] S5: Micro-difference detonation, controlling the blasting sequence, optimizing the propagation path and action time of the blasting wave;

[0011] Wherein, in said S2, low detonation velocity explosive is loaded into the charge cavity of the charge tube, and nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate are added into the outer cavity of the charge cavity of the charge tube to form low detonation velocity high explosive;

[0012] In the S2, the mass ratio of nitrocellulose to ammonium perchlorate is 1:1;

[0013] In said S3, low detonation velocity explosives are sequentially loaded into the central blasting hole, high detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the slotting hole, low detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the auxiliary slotting guide hole, low detonation velocity high explosive container explosives are loaded into the auxiliary slotting hole, medium detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the auxiliary hole, low detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the peripheral guide hole, and low detonation velocity high explosive container explosives are loaded into the peripheral hole;

[0014] The auxiliary slot holes and peripheral holes are filled with low detonation velocity and high explosive capacity explosives, with detonation velocity: 3200m / s, detonation pressure: 5GPa, and explosion gas volume (explosion capacity): 1200L / kg;

[0015] The central blasting hole, auxiliary guide hole and peripheral guide hole are loaded with low detonation velocity explosives, with detonation velocity: 3200m / s, detonation pressure: 5GPa, gas volume (explosion capacity): 800L / kg;

[0016] The slot hole is filled with high-detonation-velocity explosives, with a detonation velocity of 6000m / s, a detonation pressure of 12GPa, and a volume of detonated gas (explosion capacity): 800L / kg;

[0017] The auxiliary hole is loaded with medium detonation velocity explosive, detonation velocity: 4600m / s, detonation pressure: 8GPa, explosion gas volume (explosion capacity): 800L / kg.

[0018] Preferably, in S1, the central blasting hole is located at the center of the slot hole, the auxiliary slot holes are located outside the slot holes, and the row spacing between the auxiliary slot holes is smaller than the row spacing between the auxiliary holes.

[0019] Preferably, in S1, the auxiliary groove guide hole is located between the two auxiliary groove holes, and the peripheral guide hole is located between the two peripheral holes.

[0020] Preferably, in said S2, high detonation velocity explosives, medium detonation velocity explosives, and low detonation velocity explosives are prepared.

[0021] Preferably, in S4, the plugging length of the peripheral holes and auxiliary slot holes with gun mud is 1 / 3 of the length of the blasthole, and the plugging length of the slot holes, central blasting holes, auxiliary slot guide holes and auxiliary holes is 1 / 4 of the length of the blasthole.

[0022] Preferably, in S5, the auxiliary slotting guide hole is detonated first, and then the auxiliary slotting hole, the central blasting hole, the slotting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral guide hole, and the peripheral hole are detonated in sequence.

[0023] Preferably, after the auxiliary slotting guide hole is detonated, a rock mechanical property deterioration zone is formed, which guides the cracks of the auxiliary slotting hole to expand toward it after the explosion, and forms a circle of cracks outside the slotting hole, thereby improving the slotting efficiency.

[0024] Preferably, the auxiliary slotting hole is detonated after the auxiliary slotting guide hole, and the guide hole detonated first has formed a mechanical property degradation zone on both sides of the auxiliary slotting hole, which is easy to form a crack ring around the slotting hole in the direction of the guide hole;

[0025] Preferably, the central blasting is used to improve the mechanical properties of the rock in the cutout area after detonation;

[0026] Preferably, after the peripheral guide hole is detonated, a rock mechanical property degradation zone is formed between the two peripheral holes;

[0027] Preferably, the peripheral holes are detonated after the peripheral guide holes are blasted. When detonated, the guide holes on both sides thereof have formed mechanical degradation zones. In addition, the peripheral holes are filled with low detonation velocity and high explosive capacity explosives, which can easily form a regular contour surface and reduce damage to the retained rock mass.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the differentiated charge blasting method with efficient energy utilization loads explosives with different dynamic and static effects according to the matching relationship between different blastholes and dynamic and static effects of explosives, and combines micro-difference blasting to achieve accurate and efficient utilization of dynamic and static energy of explosives, improve blasting effect, and reduce blasting hazards;

[0029] 1. The auxiliary slot holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity high-explosive explosives with nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate. They have strong quasi-static expansion and "gas wedge" effects. In addition, the guide holes on both sides of the auxiliary holes are first detonated to form a mechanical property degradation zone, which is easy to form a crack circle around the slot holes in the direction of the guide holes, effectively controlling the outward propagation of the slot hole energy, so that the slot hole energy is efficiently used to destroy the slot cavity; its low detonation velocity characteristics will not cause excessive fragmentation of the rock mass, avoiding premature energy release when the slot hole explodes.

[0030] 2. The central blast hole is filled with low-detonation-velocity explosives and detonated before the slot holes, which can deteriorate the mechanical properties of the rock in the slot area and make it easier to break and throw the rock in the slot holes. At the same time, since the explosives have a low detonation velocity and a circle of fractures has been formed in the auxiliary slot holes, the impact of blasting vibration can be reduced.

[0031] 3. When the slot hole is blasted, a circle of fracture zone has been formed around it, and the central blasting hole has deteriorated the mechanical properties of the slot area. The slot hole is filled with high-explosive explosives, and the explosion stress wave propagation is that the fracture zone formed by the outer circle of auxiliary slot holes will form a reflected tensile wave, which is more conducive to the crushing of the rock mass in the slot area.

[0032] 4. When the auxiliary hole is detonated, there is already a free surface formed by the slot hole, which is easier to break the rock than the slot hole. Therefore, this type of hole is filled with medium-speed explosives, which can more efficiently utilize the explosive energy, will not cause waste of explosive energy, excessive rock breaking, and will also reduce blasting vibration.

[0033] 5. The peripheral guide holes are detonated earlier than the peripheral holes, forming rock mechanical property degradation zones on both sides of the peripheral holes, guiding the cracks to expand toward them after the explosion of the peripheral holes, reducing the expansion to the retained rock mass. At the same time, the peripheral guide holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity explosives to reduce damage to the retained rock mass.

[0034] 6. The peripheral holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity high-explosive explosives with nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate. The low detonation velocity can reduce the damage to the retained rock mass. The nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate can increase the gas production and explosion heat, increase the gas expansion effect and "gas wedge effect" of the explosives, and the cracking zones with mechanical properties on both sides can easily form directional cracks in the direction of the contour lines on both sides, forming a regular contour surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the blasting hole arrangement of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the charge tube structure of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1. Central blasting hole; 2. Grooving hole; 3. Auxiliary groove hole; 4. Auxiliary groove guide hole; 5. Auxiliary hole; 6. Peripheral hole; 7. Peripheral guide hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a differentiated charge blasting method with efficient energy utilization, the specific steps are as follows:

[0040] S1: Arrange the central blasting hole, slot hole, auxiliary slot hole, auxiliary slot guide hole, auxiliary hole, peripheral hole and peripheral guide hole in sequence on the working face;

[0041] Specifically, the central blasting hole is arranged slightly below the center of the tunnel, with a blasthole diameter of 42mm and a hole depth of 2m. The central blasting hole is the starting point of the entire blasting, and its arrangement directly affects the blasting effect and the crushing quality of the rock mass. The location of the central blasting hole is selected slightly below the center of the tunnel, which helps to form a stable blasting cavity and provides good conditions for the arrangement and detonation of subsequent slot holes;

[0042] The cut holes are cut in a wedge shape, with an angle of 83 degrees, a blasthole depth of 2.2m, a blasthole diameter of 42mm, and a blasthole spacing of 400mm.

[0043] The auxiliary cutting hole angle is perpendicular to the blast hole to expand the cavity in the cutting area. The blast hole depth is 2.0m, the blast hole diameter is 42mm, and the blast hole spacing is 500mm.

[0044] The auxiliary slotting guide hole is located between the auxiliary slotting holes. The angle of the auxiliary slotting guide hole is perpendicular to the blasthole. The blasthole depth is 2.0m and the blasthole diameter is 42mm.

[0045] The auxiliary holes are used to supplement the residual rock mass on the crushing working surface to make the blasting surface uniformly crushed. The blasthole depth is 2.0m, the blasthole diameter is 42mm, and the blasthole spacing is 600mm.

[0046] The blasthole spacing of the peripheral holes is 600mm, the blasthole angle is 10 degrees outward, and the blasthole depth is 2.0m;

[0047] The guide hole is located between the two peripheral holes. The peripheral guide hole blasthole angle is inserted outward at 10 degrees, the blasthole depth is 2.0m, and the guide hole is located between the two peripheral holes;

[0048] S2: prepare explosives with different detonation speeds and different detonation volumes;

[0049] Prepare high-speed explosives, medium-speed explosives, and low-speed explosives. The high-speed explosives have a detonation velocity of 6000m / s; the medium-speed explosives have a detonation velocity of 4600m / s; and the low-speed explosives have a detonation velocity of 3200m / s.

[0050] See also Figure 2 , prepare a charge tube, the material of the charge tube is PVC, the charge cavity in the charge tube has a diameter of 30mm, and the thickness of the cavity outside the charge cavity is 4mm. Load low-detonation-velocity explosives into the charge cavity of the charge tube, and load nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate into the cavity outside the charge cavity. The mass ratio of nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate is 1:1, so as to form low-detonation-velocity high-explosion explosives;

[0051] S3: Loading explosives with different detonation velocities and different explosion volumes into different blast holes respectively;

[0052] Sequentially load low detonation velocity explosives into the central blasting hole, high detonation velocity explosives into the slotting hole, low detonation velocity explosives into the auxiliary slotting guide hole, low detonation velocity high explosives into the auxiliary slotting hole, medium detonation velocity explosives into the auxiliary hole, low detonation velocity explosives into the peripheral guide hole, and low detonation velocity high explosives into the peripheral hole;

[0053] The charging length of the central blasting hole, auxiliary slot hole, and peripheral guide hole is 1m, the charging length of the slot hole is 1.5m, and the charging length of the auxiliary hole is 1.2m;

[0054] S4: Use gun mud to block the blast hole;

[0055] S5: Micro-difference detonation controls the blasting sequence and optimizes the propagation path and action time of the blasting wave. The auxiliary slot guide hole is detonated first, and then the auxiliary slot hole, central blasting hole, slot hole, auxiliary hole, peripheral guide hole, and peripheral hole are detonated in sequence;

[0056] During the implementation process, the auxiliary slotting guide hole is filled with low-detonation-velocity explosives and detonated first, forming a rock mechanical properties deterioration zone on both sides of the auxiliary slotting hole, guiding the cracks to expand towards it after the auxiliary slotting hole explodes.

[0057] During the implementation process, the auxiliary slotting hole is detonated after the auxiliary slotting guide hole, and is loaded with low-detonation-velocity explosives and high-explosive explosives with nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate. It has strong quasi-static expansion and "air wedge" effects. In addition, the guide holes on both sides of the auxiliary hole are detonated first and then form a mechanical property degradation zone, which is easy to form a crack circle around the slotting hole in the direction of the guide hole, effectively controlling the outward propagation of the slotting hole energy, so that the slotting hole energy is efficiently used to destroy the slotting cavity; its low detonation velocity characteristics will not cause excessive fragmentation of the rock mass, avoiding premature release of energy when the slotting hole explodes.

[0058] During the implementation process, the center blasting hole is loaded with low-detonation-velocity explosives and detonated before the slot holes, which can deteriorate the mechanical properties of the rock in the slot area and make the slot holes easier to break and throw rocks.

[0059] During the implementation process, when the slot holes were blasted, a circle of fracture zones had been formed around them, and the central blasting hole had deteriorated the mechanical properties of the slot area. The slot holes were filled with high-explosive explosives, and the explosion stress wave propagation was that the fracture zone formed by the outer circle of auxiliary slot holes would form a reflected tensile wave, which was more conducive to the crushing of the rock mass in the slot area.

[0060] During the implementation process, the auxiliary hole has a free surface formed by the slot hole when it is detonated, and it is easier to break the rock than the slot hole. Therefore, this type of hole is filled with medium-speed explosives, which can more efficiently utilize the explosive energy, will not cause waste of explosive energy, excessive rock breaking, and will also reduce blasting vibration.

[0061] During the implementation process, the peripheral guide holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity explosives and are detonated earlier than the peripheral holes, forming mechanical property deterioration zones on both sides of the peripheral holes.

[0062] During the implementation process, the peripheral holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity high-explosive explosives with nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate. The low detonation velocity can reduce the damage to the retained rock mass. The nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate can increase the gas production and explosion heat, increase the gas expansion effect and "gas wedge effect" of the explosives, and the cracking zones with mechanical properties on both sides can easily form directional cracks in the contour line direction on both sides, forming a regular contour surface. This is the entire working process of the energy-efficient differentiated charging blasting method.

[0063] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to the professional and technical personnel in this field. The standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt the conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0064] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A differentiated charge blasting method with efficient energy utilization, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Arrange the central blasting hole, slot hole, auxiliary slot hole, auxiliary slot guide hole, auxiliary hole, peripheral hole and peripheral guide hole in sequence on the working face; S2: prepare explosives with different detonation speeds and different detonation volumes; S3: Loading explosives with different detonation velocities and different explosion volumes into different blast holes respectively; S4: Use gun mud to block the blast hole; S5: Micro-difference detonation, controlling the blasting sequence, optimizing the propagation path and action time of the blasting wave; Wherein, in said S2, high detonation velocity explosive, medium detonation velocity explosive, and low detonation velocity explosive are prepared; In S2, low detonation velocity explosive is loaded into the charging cavity of the charging tube, and nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate are added into the outer cavity of the charging cavity of the charging tube to form low detonation velocity high explosive. In the S2, the mass ratio of nitrocellulose to ammonium perchlorate is 1:1; In said S3, low detonation velocity explosives are sequentially loaded into the central blasting hole, high detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the slotting hole, low detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the auxiliary slotting guide hole, low detonation velocity high explosive container explosives are loaded into the auxiliary slotting hole, medium detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the auxiliary hole, low detonation velocity explosives are loaded into the peripheral guide hole, and low detonation velocity high explosive container explosives are loaded into the peripheral hole; The auxiliary slot holes and peripheral holes are filled with low detonation velocity and high explosive capacity explosives, with detonation velocity: 3200m / s, detonation pressure: 5GPa, and explosion gas volume (explosion capacity): 1200L / kg; The central blasting hole, auxiliary guide hole and peripheral guide hole are loaded with low detonation velocity explosives, with detonation velocity: 3200m / s, detonation pressure: 5GPa, gas volume (explosion capacity): 800L / kg; The slot hole is filled with high-detonation-velocity explosives, with a detonation velocity of 6000m / s, a detonation pressure of 12GPa, and a volume of detonated gas (explosion capacity): 800L / kg; The auxiliary hole is loaded with medium detonation velocity explosive, detonation velocity: 4600m / s, detonation pressure: 8GPa, explosion gas volume (explosion capacity): 800L / kg.

2. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the central blasting hole is located at the center of the slot hole, the auxiliary slot holes are located outside the slot holes, and the row spacing between the auxiliary slot holes is smaller than the row spacing between the auxiliary holes.

3. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the auxiliary groove guide hole is located between the two auxiliary groove holes, and the peripheral guide hole is located between the two peripheral holes.

4. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the plugging length of the peripheral holes and auxiliary slot holes with gun mud is 1 / 3 of the length of the blast hole, and the plugging length of the slot hole, central blasting hole, auxiliary slot guide hole and auxiliary hole is 1 / 4 of the length of the blast hole.

5. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the auxiliary slotting guide hole is detonated first, and then the auxiliary slotting hole, the central blasting hole, the slotting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral guide hole, and the peripheral hole are detonated in sequence.

6. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the auxiliary slotting guide hole is detonated, a rock mechanical property deterioration zone is formed, which guides the cracks of the auxiliary slotting hole to expand toward it after the explosion, and forms a crack circle outside the slotting hole, thereby improving the slotting efficiency.

7. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary slotting hole is detonated after the auxiliary slotting guide hole. The guide hole detonated first has formed mechanical property degradation zones on both sides of the auxiliary slotting hole, which is easy to form a crack ring around the slotting hole in the direction of the guide hole.

8. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The central blasting is used to improve the mechanical properties of the rock in the cutout area after detonation.

9. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the peripheral guide holes are detonated, a rock mechanical property degradation zone is formed between the two peripheral holes.

10. The energy efficient differentiated charge blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The peripheral holes are detonated after the peripheral guide holes are blasted. When detonated, the guide holes on both sides thereof have formed mechanical degradation zones. In addition, the peripheral holes are filled with low detonation velocity and high explosive capacity explosives, which can easily form a regular contour surface and reduce damage to the retained rock mass.

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