Gravity piston type sampler suitable for long columnar sediment

Abstract

The gravity piston type sampler comprises a bearing pipe, a sampling pipe is installed at the lower end of the bearing pipe through a flange, a sampling tool bit is installed at the bottom end of the sampling pipe, a piston head is installed in the sampling pipe in an up-down sliding mode, a piston fixing mechanism is installed on the bearing pipe, and a piston rod is installed on the piston fixing mechanism. The piston fixing mechanism is connected with three groups of connecting columns which are annularly distributed, the bottom ends of the connecting columns are connected with the piston head, the bottom end of the sampling pipe is provided with a pipe opening seal, the upper part and the lower part of the whole sampler are communicated by rotatably arranging a plurality of petal-type pipe opening seals at the lower end of the sampling pipe, and when the sampler is put down, flushed down and injected, the sampling pipe can be conveniently connected with the sampling pipe. The resistance generated by water and sediments is reduced as much as possible, the sediments enter the sampling pipe as much as possible and completely, and after sampling is completed, the petal type pipe opening seals can be mutually closed to form sealing, so that the sediments can be taken out conveniently, and leakage is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean sampling, in particular to a gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments. Background Art

[0002] The gravity piston sampler is a conventional equipment for sediment column sampling. Its working principle is: when the sampler is lowered to a certain distance from the seabed, the attached weight of the release system hits the bottom first, the lever loses balance, the lifting tube weight and the sample tube are released, and it falls "freely". The sampler relies on its own weight to penetrate the sample tube into the sediment. At the same time, the piston is pulled by the suspension cable and stops falling, while the sample tube continues to penetrate and causes the piston to generate suction force.

[0003] The fundamental power of the gravity piston sampler for sampling is its own weight, and the limited weight of the sampler is used to obtain the longest and most complete columnar core sample. The existing gravity piston sampler has a petal-shaped orifice seal and a knife-edge joint seal. The bottom of the seal is used to ensure that the internal sample does not flow out. The existing seal adopts a petal-shaped seal, which is composed of several metal petal-shaped seals with a certain elasticity and pointed upward, and is fixed at the lower end of the sample tube by a knife. Obtaining a long columnar core requires the metal petal-shaped seal to have high strength and elasticity. If the strength and elasticity of the petal-shaped seal are high, the resistance generated when the sample tube is penetrated will be large, and the disturbance to the upper sediment sample will be heavy. If the strength and elasticity of the metal petal-shaped seal are low, the petal-shaped seal will be pressed by the sediment in the tube and reversed, so that the seal will completely lose its function. To this end, we designed a gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments, which solves the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments, comprising a load-bearing tube, a plurality of annularly distributed tail wings are arranged above the outer ring surface of the load-bearing tube, a plurality of counterweight blocks are stacked on the load-bearing tube, a sampling tube is installed at the lower end of the load-bearing tube through a flange, and a sampling cutter head is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube; A piston head is installed in the sampling tube for sliding up and down, a piston fixing mechanism is installed on the load-bearing tube, a heavy hammer is connected to the piston fixing mechanism through a connecting rope, the lower end of the heavy hammer is located below the sampling cutter head, three groups of connecting columns distributed in a ring are connected to the piston fixing mechanism, the bottom end of the connecting column is connected to the piston head, and a tube mouth seal is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube, and the tube mouth seal is connected to the connecting column.

[0006] Preferably, the piston fixing mechanism comprises a fixing ring fixed to the inner ring of the load-bearing tube, the lower surface of the fixing ring is designed with an arc-shaped structure to form an arc-shaped surface, the inner and outer rings of the fixing ring penetrate to form three groups of annularly distributed locking sliding holes, a locking part is slidably installed in the locking sliding hole, the inner ring of the load-bearing tube is rotatably installed with three groups of annularly distributed abutting parts through the connecting shaft seat, the abutting part contacts the arc-shaped surface on the downward side, and the locking part contacts the abutting part on the inner end; The fixing ring is penetrated up and down to form three groups of circular holes distributed in an annular manner, and the circular holes are connected to the locking sliding holes. The connecting column is slidably sleeved in the circular holes up and down. A locking groove is provided on the connecting column. The locking part is inserted into the locking groove at one end away from the abutting part. The abutting part prevents the locking part from moving outward and is fixed in the locking groove, thereby fixing the connecting column and preventing it from sliding up and down, thereby fixing the position of the piston head; The outer ring of the load-bearing tube is rotatably mounted with a balance rod through a connecting seat and an axle pin. The balance rod is connected to a pull rope at one end above the load-bearing tube. The pull rope is divided into three ropes below and connected to three groups of abutment parts respectively. The connecting rope is tied to the end of the balance rod away from the load-bearing tube 1. During the downward rush of the sampler, the weight is located below the sampling cutter head, and the abutting part is pulled upward by the pull rope. The abutting part can abut the locking part, so that the locking part is always inserted in the connecting column. At this time, the position of the piston head is fixed. When the weight comes into contact with the bottom sediment and the connecting rope is loosened, the lower end of the abutting part slides downward under its own gravity, and the locking part is separated from the connecting column. At this time, the connecting column can slide up and down freely, so that the piston head can slide relative to the sampling tube. When the sampling tube penetrates into the sediment, the piston head moves upward relative to the sampling tube to generate suction, thereby preventing compression disturbance of the columnar sample and realizing columnar sampling of sediment.

[0007] Preferably, the abutment portion comprises two groups of deflection rods rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the load-bearing tube through connecting shaft seats, and an abutment arc plate is fixed to one end of the two groups of deflection rods away from the inner wall of the load-bearing tube, and the lower surface of the abutment arc plate is designed with an arc-shaped structure to form an abutment arc surface, and the abutment arc surface abuts the locking portion, and the abutment joint at the rear end of the locking portion is an arc-shaped structure, and the two can be completely fitted, thereby increasing the contact area and facilitating abutment therewith, and a counterweight is arranged on the deflection rod; When the weight releases the downward pull on the balance bar, the deflection rod causes the abutting arc plate to slide downward along the arc surface. At this time, the locking portion can move inward, thereby releasing the limit on the connecting column and allowing it to slide freely up and down.

[0008] Preferably, the locking portion includes a locking head slidably arranged in the locking slide hole, the locking head is provided with a sleeve sliding rod at one end away from the connecting column, the other end of the sleeve sliding rod is fixed with a butt joint, the butt joint abuts with the abutting portion, a locking ring is slidably sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod, the locking ring is fixed to the inner wall of the locking slide hole, and a release spring is sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod, the two ends of the release spring abut against the locking ring and the butt joint respectively, the release spring makes the butt joint and the locking head have a tendency to move toward one side, and when the abutting portion is separated from the fixing ring, the butt joint can make the locking head separate from the connecting column under the action of the release spring.

[0009] Preferably, the piston head includes an upper ring seat fixed to the bottom end of the connecting column, a lower ring seat is arranged below the upper ring seat, a plurality of supporting screw sleeves are arranged above the lower ring seat, the lower end of the upper ring seat is fixed to the lower ring seat by supporting screw sleeves and bolts, a deflection ring seat is rotatably installed between the upper ring seat and the lower ring seat, a plurality of sealing blocks distributed in an annular shape are slidably arranged between the deflection ring seat and the lower ring seat, sealing rings are arranged on the outer ring surfaces of the upper ring seat and the lower ring seat, and the two are designed to slide and seal with the inner walls of the load-bearing tube and the sampling tube through the sealing rings; A driving slide rod is fixed to the upper end of the sealing block, and a plurality of driving arc holes are arranged in a circular array on the deflection ring seat. The plurality of driving slide rods are slidably placed in the corresponding driving arc holes. A plurality of annularly distributed sealing grooves are provided on the upper surface of the lower ring seat. A sealing slider is arranged at the lower end of the sealing block, and the sealing slider is slidably placed in the sealing groove. The plurality of sealing blocks form a complete circular structure, that is, a circular structure is evenly divided into a plurality of equal parts at its center, and then the structure is slidably placed between the lower ring seat and the deflection ring seat.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the sampling tube is provided with a plurality of guide grooves distributed in an annular shape, the guide grooves include vertically arranged linear grooves, the lower ends of the linear grooves are connected with deflection grooves, the linear grooves extend upward to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube, the outer ring surface of the deflection ring seat is provided with a plurality of deflection heads, and the deflection heads are slidably placed in the guide grooves; When the piston head is at the bottom, the deflection head is in the deflection groove, and the multiple sealing blocks are away from each other and in an open and closed state. When the weight hammer contacts the bottom sediment, the sampling tube and the piston head penetrate downward into the sediment, the connecting column moves upward relative to the sampling tube, the piston head moves upward with it, and the deflection head moves upward along the deflection groove; During its upward movement, the deflection ring seat will deflect accordingly. When the deflection ring seat rotates, the sealing block can be deflected accordingly along the sealing slide groove and the driving arc hole until the deflection head is placed in the linear groove. At this time, multiple sealing blocks are spliced ​​together to form a complete circular structure, which can completely seal the inner rings of the upper ring seat and the lower ring seat.

[0011] Preferably, an annular groove is provided below the inner wall of the sampling tube, the tube mouth seal comprises a plurality of rotating parts arranged in a circumferential array in the annular groove, each of the rotating parts is rotatably connected to a petal-shaped tube mouth seal, a plurality of threading holes distributed in an annular shape are vertically provided upward on the inner wall of the sampling tube, the threading holes extend upward into the load-bearing tube, and the upper and lower ends of the threading holes are respectively connected to the inside of the sampling tube and the inner wall of the load-bearing tube; The inner wall of the load-bearing tube is provided with a plurality of annularly distributed pressing members, a lifting ring is fixed at the lower end of the pressing member, and the lifting ring is slidably sleeved on the connecting column, a plurality of tensioning ropes are bundled above the lifting ring, and the other end of the tensioning rope passes through the threading hole and is connected to the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal; The lifting ring has a tendency to move downward under the action of the pressing piece, so that the tensioning rope can be in a tensioned state. At this time, the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal will be pulled upward and placed in the annular groove under the action of the tensioning rope. The upper and lower internal parts of the entire sampler are connected. When the sampler is lowered, punched down, and penetrated, the resistance caused by water and sediment is minimized, and the sediment is allowed to enter the sampling tube as much and completely as possible.

[0012] Preferably, the down-pressing member comprises an outer sleeve fixed to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube, the interior of the outer sleeve is hollow to form a down-pressing chamber, and the cross-section of the down-pressing chamber is an inverted convex structure, a down-pressing rod is provided in the down-pressing chamber for sliding up and down, a down-pressing plate is provided at the upper end of the down-pressing rod and is slidably placed in the down-pressing chamber, a down-pressing spring is abutted between the top of the down-pressing plate and the top of the down-pressing chamber, the bottom end of the down-pressing rod is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting ring, the down-pressing spring enables the down-pressing rod to have a downward moving drive, thereby pushing the lifting ring to move downward, and the lifting ring moving downward can make the tensioning rope in a tensioned state, thereby making the petal-type pipe mouth seal in an open state.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating part comprises a rotating shaft seat fixed in the annular groove, a rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft seat, the rotating shaft extends into the lower opening of the petal-type tube mouth seal, and an elastic member is arranged on the rotating shaft, the elastic member is connected to the inner wall opening of the petal-type tube mouth seal, the elastic member is a torsion spring or other high elastic structure, which has a large elastic force and makes the petal-type tube mouth seal have a tendency to deflect inwards, so that when the tension rope is in a relaxed state, the petal-type tube mouth seal can be closed to each other under the action of the elastic member, thereby completely sealing the lower end of the sampling tube to prevent the loss of the sample; The plurality of petal-shaped pipe spout seals form a complete conical structure, that is, the petal-shaped pipe spout seal is formed by dividing a conical body from its axis to form a plurality of completely identical parts.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. By setting a piston fixing mechanism, which is connected to the piston head below through a connecting column, the piston head is at the bottom during the lowering and downward punching process of the sampler. The piston head will be relatively displaced with the sampling tube only when it is close to the sampling position, so that the liquid inside the sampling tube is as small as possible, and the water resistance during downward punching is reduced, the impact force is increased, and sampling is convenient; 2. By providing a piston head that can be opened or closed freely, and cooperating with a piston fixing mechanism, the piston head is always in an open state during the lowering and punching process. When the sampler is lowered and punched, its interior is connected to reduce water resistance, so that the sampler can penetrate into the sediment. Before the penetration sampling, the piston head can be closed to form a sealing structure, so that the upward movement relative to the sampling tube produces a suction effect, thereby preventing compression disturbance of the columnar sediment and realizing columnar sediment sampling; 3. A plurality of petal-shaped tube mouth seals are rotatably arranged at the lower end of the sampling tube, the petal-shaped tube mouth seals are connected to the inner wall of the sampling tube through a rotating part, and the petal-shaped tube mouth seals are connected to the lifting ring through a tensioning rope. The lifting ring has a tendency to move downward under the action of the downward pressure piece. The upper and lower interiors of the entire sampler are connected. When the sampler is lowered, punched down, and penetrated, the resistance generated by water and sediment is minimized, and the sediment is allowed to enter the sampling tube as much as possible and completely. After the sampling is completed, the plurality of petal-shaped tube mouth seals can be closed to each other to form a seal, which is convenient for removing the sediment and will not leak. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a front and cross-sectional view of a gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle piston fixing mechanism, pipe mouth seal and piston head; Figure 4 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle piston fixing mechanism, lifting ring, and lower pressing piece; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged schematic diagram at C in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 3 Exploded view of the piston head; Fig. 9 for Figure 3Schematic diagram of the closed part of the piston head; Fig.10 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle pipe mouth seal; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a plurality of petal-shaped pipe openings in a pipe opening seal after being closed; Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of a petal-shaped pipe mouth seal and a rotating part in a pipe mouth seal; Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sealing block in the piston head.

[0016] Numbers in the figure: 1, load-bearing tube; 11, counterweight; 12, tail; 2, sampling tube; 21, threading hole; 22, linear slot; 23, deflection slot; 3, sampling cutter head; 4, connecting column; 41, locking slot; 5, heavy hammer; 51, connecting rope; 6, piston fixing mechanism; 61, balance rod; 611, connecting seat; 62, pull rope; 63, fixing ring; 631, arc surface; 632, locking slide hole; 633, locking ring; 64, abutment; 641, abutment arc plate; 642, abutment arc surface; 643, deflection rod; 644, connecting shaft seat; 65, locking part; 651, locking head; 66 52. Release spring; 653. Sliding rod; 654. Butt joint; 7. Piston head; 71. Upper ring seat; 72. Deflection ring seat; 721. Driving arc hole; 722. Deflection head; 73. Sealing block; 731. Driving sliding rod; 732. Sealing slider; 74. Lower ring seat; 741. Sealing slide groove; 8. Pipe mouth seal; 81. Petal-type pipe mouth seal; 82. Rotating part; 821. Rotating shaft seat; 822. Rotating shaft; 823. Elastic part; 83. Tensioning rope; 84. Lifting ring; 85. Pressing part; 851. Outer sleeve; 852. Pressing spring; 853. Pressing rod; 854. Pressing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0018] Reference Figure 1-Figure 13 A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments, characterized in that it includes a load-bearing tube 1, a plurality of annularly distributed tail wings 12 are arranged above the outer surface of the load-bearing tube 1, and a plurality of counterweight blocks 11 are stacked on the load-bearing tube 1, a sampling tube 2 is installed at the lower end of the load-bearing tube 1 through a flange, and a sampling cutter head 3 is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube 2; A piston head 7 is installed in the sampling tube 2 for sliding up and down, a piston fixing mechanism 6 is installed on the load-bearing tube 1, a weight 5 is connected to the piston fixing mechanism 6 through a connecting rope 51, the lower end of the weight 5 is located below the sampling cutter head 3, three groups of connecting columns 4 distributed in an annular shape are connected to the piston fixing mechanism 6, the bottom end of the connecting column 4 is connected to the piston head 7, and a pipe mouth seal 8 is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube 2, and the pipe mouth seal 8 is connected to the connecting column 4; A ring is set at the upper end of the three connecting columns 4, and rope 1 is connected to the ring. Rope 2 is connected to the top of the load-bearing tube 1 through a hanging ear, and rope 1 and rope 2 are connected to two lifting mechanisms respectively, wherein the length of rope 2 is greater than that of rope 1.

[0019] The piston fixing mechanism 6 includes a fixing ring 63 fixed to the inner ring of the load-bearing tube 1. The lower surface of the fixing ring 63 is designed with an arc-shaped structure to form an arc-shaped surface 631. The inner and outer rings of the fixing ring 63 penetrate to form three groups of annularly distributed locking sliding holes 632. The locking sliding holes 632 are slidably installed with locking parts 65. The inner ring of the load-bearing tube 1 is rotatably installed with three groups of annularly distributed abutting parts 64 through the connecting shaft seat 644. The abutting parts 64 are in contact with the arc-shaped surface 631 on the lower side, and the locking parts 65 are in contact with the abutting parts 64 on the inner end. The design of the arc-shaped surface 631 facilitates the flow of liquid and reduces water resistance. The fixing ring 63 is penetrated up and down to form three groups of circular holes distributed in an annular manner, and the circular holes are connected to the locking sliding holes 632. The connecting column 4 is slidably sleeved in the circular holes up and down. The connecting column 4 is provided with a locking groove 41, and the end of the locking portion 65 away from the abutting portion 64 is inserted into the locking groove 41; The abutment portion 64 prevents the locking portion 65 from moving outward and fixes it in the locking groove 41, thereby fixing the connecting column 4 so that it cannot slide up and down, thereby fixing the position of the piston head 7; During the lowering and punching process of the sampler, the piston head 7 is at the bottom, and the piston head 7 will be relatively displaced with the sampling tube 2 only when it is close to the sampling position, so that the liquid inside the sampling tube 2 is as small as possible, and the water resistance during the punching is reduced, the impact force is increased, and the sampling is convenient; The outer ring of the load-bearing tube 1 is rotatably mounted with a balance bar 61 through a connecting seat 611 and an axle pin. The balance bar 61 is located above the load-bearing tube 1 and one end is connected with a pull rope 62. The lower part of the pull rope 62 is divided into three ropes and respectively connected to three groups of abutment parts 64. The connecting rope 51 is tied to the end of the balance bar 61 away from the load-bearing tube 1. The bottom end of the weight 5 is located below the sampling cutter head 3, and its specific height is adjusted accordingly according to actual needs; During the downward punching process of the sampler, the weight 5 is located below the sampling blade 3, and the abutting portion 64 is pulled upward by the pull rope 62, so that the abutting portion 64 can abut against the locking portion 65, so that the locking portion 65 is always inserted into the connecting column 4, and the position of the piston head 7 is fixed at this time; When the weight 5 contacts the bottom sediment and the connecting rope 51 is loosened, the lower end of the abutment portion 64 slides downward under the action of its own gravity, and the locking portion 65 is disconnected from the connecting column 4. At this time, the connecting column 4 can slide up and down freely, so that the piston head 7 can slide relative to the sampling tube 2. When the sampling tube 2 penetrates the sediment, the piston head 7 moves upward relative to the sampling tube 2 to generate a suction effect, thereby preventing compression disturbance of the columnar sample and realizing columnar sampling of the sediment.

[0020] The abutting part 64 includes two groups of deflection rods 643 rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the load-bearing tube 1 through connecting shaft seats 644. An abutting arc plate 641 is fixed to one end of the two groups of deflection rods 643 away from the inner wall of the load-bearing tube 1. The lower surface of the abutting arc plate 641 is designed with an arc-shaped structure to form an abutting arc surface 642. The abutting arc surface 642 abuts against the locking part 65. The abutting joint 654 at the rear end of the locking part 65 is an arc-shaped structure. The two can be completely fitted together to increase the contact area and facilitate abutment. A counterweight is set on the deflection rod 643. When the weight 5 releases the downward pull on the balance bar 61, the deflection rod 643 causes the abutting arc plate 641 to slide downward along the arc surface 631. At this time, the locking portion 65 can move inward, thereby releasing the limit on the connecting column 4 and allowing it to slide freely up and down.

[0021] The locking portion 65 includes a locking head 651 slidably arranged in the locking sliding hole 632, a sleeve sliding rod 653 is arranged at one end of the locking head 651 away from the connecting column 4, a butt joint 654 is fixed at the other end of the sleeve sliding rod 653, the butt joint 654 butts against the butt joint 64, a locking ring 633 is slidably sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod 653, the locking ring 633 is fixed to the inner wall of the locking sliding hole 632, a release spring 652 is sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod 653, and two ends of the release spring 652 are respectively butted against the locking ring 633 and the butt joint 654; The release spring 652 causes the abutment head 654 and the locking head 651 to move inward. When the abutment portion 64 is separated from the fixing ring 63 , the abutment head 654 can separate the locking head 651 from the connecting column 4 under the action of the release spring 652 .

[0022] The piston head 7 includes an upper ring seat 71 fixed to the bottom end of the connecting column 4, a lower ring seat 74 is arranged below the upper ring seat 71, and a plurality of supporting screw sleeves are arranged above the lower ring seat 74. The upper ring seat 71 and the lower ring seat 74 are fixed by supporting screw sleeves and bolts, a deflection ring seat 72 is rotatably installed between the upper ring seat 71 and the lower ring seat 74, and a plurality of sealing blocks 73 distributed in an annular shape are slidably arranged between the deflection ring seat 72 and the lower ring seat 74. The outer ring surfaces of the upper ring seat 71 and the lower ring seat 74 are both provided with sealing rings, and the two are slidably and sealedly designed with the inner walls of the load-bearing tube 1 and the sampling tube 2 through the sealing rings; A driving slide bar 731 is fixed to the upper end of the sealing block 73, a plurality of driving arc holes 721 are arranged in a circumferential array on the deflection ring seat 72, and the plurality of driving slide bars 731 are slidably placed in the corresponding driving arc holes 721, a plurality of annularly distributed sealing slide grooves 741 are opened on the upper surface of the lower ring seat 74, a sealing slide block 732 is arranged at the lower end of the sealing block 73, and the sealing slide block 732 is slidably placed in the sealing slide groove 741; The multiple sealing blocks 73 form a complete circular structure, that is, a circular structure is evenly divided into multiple parts at its center, and then the sealing blocks 73 are slidably placed between the lower ring seat 74 and the deflection ring seat 72 .

[0023] The inner wall of the sampling tube 2 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves distributed in an annular shape, the guide grooves include a vertically arranged straight groove 22, the lower end of the straight groove 22 is connected with a deflection groove 23, the straight groove 22 extends upward to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube 1, and the outer surface of the deflection ring seat 72 is provided with a plurality of deflection heads 722, and the deflection heads 722 are slidably placed in the guide grooves; When the piston head 7 is at the bottom, the deflection head 722 is in the deflection groove 23. At this time, the multiple sealing blocks 73 are away from each other and are in an open and closed state. When the weight 5 contacts the bottom sediment, the sampling tube 2 and the piston head 7 penetrate downward into the sediment, the connecting column 4 moves upward relative to the sampling tube 2, the piston head 7 moves upward accordingly, and the deflection head 722 moves upward along the deflection groove 23. During its upward movement, the deflection ring seat 72 will deflect accordingly. When the deflection ring seat 72 rotates, the sealing block 73 can be deflected accordingly along the sealing groove 741 and the driving arc hole 721 until the deflection head 722 is placed in the linear groove 22. At this time, the multiple sealing blocks 73 are spliced ​​together to form a complete circular structure, which can completely seal the inner rings of the upper ring seat 71 and the lower ring seat 74.

[0024] An annular groove is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the sampling tube 2, and the tube mouth seal 8 includes a plurality of rotating parts 82 arranged in a circumferential array in the annular groove, and each rotating part 82 is rotatably connected to a petal-shaped tube mouth seal 81, and a plurality of threading holes 21 distributed in an annular shape are vertically provided upward on the inner wall of the sampling tube 2, and the threading holes 21 extend upward into the load-bearing tube 1, and the upper and lower ends of the threading holes 21 are respectively connected to the inside of the sampling tube 2 and the inner wall of the load-bearing tube 1; The inner wall of the load-bearing pipe 1 is provided with a plurality of annularly distributed pressing members 85, a lifting ring 84 is fixed to the lower end of the pressing member 85, and the lifting ring 84 is slidably sleeved on the connecting column 4, a plurality of tensioning ropes 83 are bundled above the lifting ring 84, and the other end of the tensioning rope 83 passes through the threading hole 21 and is connected to the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81; The lifting ring 84 has a tendency to move downward under the action of the pressing piece 85, so that the tensioning rope 83 can be in a tensioned state. At this time, the petal-shaped tube mouth seal 81 will be pulled upward and placed in the annular groove under the action of the tensioning rope 83. The upper and lower interiors of the entire sampler are connected. When the sampler is lowered, punched down, and penetrated, the resistance caused by water and sediment is minimized, and the sediment is allowed to enter the sampling tube 2 as much and completely as possible.

[0025] The pressing member 85 includes a sleeve 851 fixed to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube 1. The sleeve 851 is hollow inside to form a pressing cavity, and the cross section of the pressing cavity is an inverted convex structure. A pressing rod 853 is provided in the pressing cavity to slide up and down. A pressing plate 854 is provided at the upper end of the pressing rod 853 and is slidably placed in the pressing cavity. A pressing spring 852 is abutted between the upper end of the pressing plate 854 and the top end of the pressing cavity. The bottom end of the pressing rod 853 is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting ring 84. The downward pressure spring 852 drives the downward pressure rod 853 to move downward, thereby pushing the lifting ring 84 to move downward. The downward moving lifting ring 84 can put the tensioning rope 83 in a tensioned state, thereby putting the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81 in an open state.

[0026] The rotating part 82 includes a rotating shaft seat 821 fixed in the annular groove, a rotating shaft 822 is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft seat 821, the rotating shaft 822 extends into the lower opening of the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81, and an elastic member 823 is arranged on the rotating shaft 822, and the elastic member 823 is connected to the inner wall opening of the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81; The elastic member 823 is a torsion spring or other highly elastic structure, which has a large elastic force and makes the petal-shaped tube mouth seal 81 have a tendency to deflect inwards, so that when the tension rope 83 is in a relaxed state, the petal-shaped tube mouth seal 81 can be closed to each other under the action of the elastic member 823, thereby completely sealing the lower end of the sampling tube 2 to prevent the loss of the sample; The multiple petal-shaped pipe mouth seals 81 form a complete conical structure, that is, the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81 is composed of a cone body divided from its axis to form multiple completely identical parts.

[0027] Working principle: In actual use, a ring is set at the upper end of the three connecting columns 4, and rope 1 is connected to the ring, and rope 2 is connected to the top of the load-bearing tube 1 through the hanging ear, and rope 1 and rope 2 are respectively connected to two lifting mechanisms, wherein the length of rope 2 is greater than that of rope 1. The sampler is lifted and lowered into the water through the lifting mechanism. When the bottom end of the sampler has a certain distance from the bottom of the water, rope 1 and rope 2 are loosened at the same time, so that the sampler performs free fall motion, and the entire sampler is in the downward rush process at this time; During the lowering and punching process of the sampler, the weight 5 is always under the sampling cutter head 3, so that the abutting portion 64 can be pulled upwards by the pull rope 62, and the abutting portion 64 can abut the locking portion 65, so that the locking portion 65 is always inserted in the connecting column 4, and the position of the piston head 7 is fixed. At this time, the lifting ring 84 is at the bottom under the action of the pressing member 85 and has a tendency to move downward, which can make the tensioning rope 83 in a tensioned state. The tensioning rope 83 in a tensioned state can pull the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81 upwards, so that the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal 81 is in an open state; When the weight 5 contacts the bottom sediment, the connecting rope 51 will become loose. As the looseness of the connecting rope 51 increases, the lower end of the abutting portion 64 will slowly slide downward under its own gravity. The locking head 651 and the abutting head 654 will always have a tendency to move inward under the action of the release spring 652. After the abutting portion 64 is completely separated from the fixing ring 63, the locking head 651 will be separated from the connecting column 4. At this time, the connecting column 4 can slide up and down freely. When 3 is inserted into the sediment, the rope is no longer being paid out and is in a taut state. At this time, the piston head 7 will not continue to move downward, but the load-bearing tube 1 and the sampling tube 2 will continue to move downward under the action of their own gravity, and the lower end of the sampling cutter head 3 will be inserted into the sediment and continue to penetrate downward, which is the penetration sampling stage; At this time, the piston head 7 and the sampling tube 2 undergo relative sliding displacement, and the piston head 7 is equivalent to moving upward together with the connecting column 4, and the deflection head 722 moves upward along the deflection groove 23. During the upward movement, the deflection ring seat 72 will deflect accordingly. When the deflection ring seat 72 rotates, the sealing block 73 can be deflected accordingly along the sealing slide groove 741 and the driving arc hole 721 until the deflection head 722 is placed in the linear groove 22. At this time, multiple sealing blocks 73 are spliced ​​together to form a complete circular structure, which can completely seal the inner rings of the upper ring seat 71 and the lower ring seat 74. When the sampling tube 2 penetrates into the sediment and stops moving downward, the piston head 7 can be pulled upward by rope 1. Since the sampling tube 2 is inserted into the sediment to a certain depth, the resistance to its withdrawal is greater than the resistance to the upward movement of the piston head 7. At this time, the piston head 7 can move upward while the sampling tube 2 will not move upward. When the piston head 7 moves upward with the connecting column 4, it will contact the lifting ring 84 and move it upward. At this time, the tensioning rope 83 gradually relaxes, and the petal-type tube mouth seal 81 can close to each other under the action of the elastic member 823, thereby completely sealing the lower end of the sampling tube 2 to prevent the loss of the sample. Thereafter, by pulling rope 1 and rope 2 at the same time, the sampler can be taken out to complete the sampling of the entire sediment.

[0028] By setting a piston fixing mechanism 6, which is connected to the piston head 7 below through a connecting column 4, the piston head 7 is at the bottom during the lowering and downward punching process of the sampler, and the piston head 7 will be relatively displaced with the sampling tube 2 only when it is close to the sampling position, so that the liquid inside the sampling tube 2 is as small as possible, and the water resistance during downward punching is reduced, the impact force is increased, and the sampling is convenient; By providing a piston head 7 that can be opened or closed freely, and cooperating with the piston fixing mechanism 6, the piston head 7 is always in an open state during the lowering and punching process. When the sampler is lowered and punched, its interior is connected to reduce the water resistance, so that the sampler can penetrate into the sediment, and before the penetration sampling, the piston head 7 can be closed to form a sealing structure, so that the upward movement relative to the sampling tube 2 produces a suction effect, thereby preventing the compression disturbance of the columnar sediment and realizing the columnar sampling of the sediment; By rotating and setting a plurality of petal-shaped tube mouth seals 81 at the lower end of the sampling tube 2, the petal-shaped tube mouth seals 81 are connected to the inner wall of the sampling tube 2 through the rotating part 82, and the petal-shaped tube mouth seals 81 are connected to the lifting ring 84 through the tensioning rope 83. The lifting ring 84 has a tendency to move downward under the action of the pressing piece 85. The upper and lower interiors of the entire sampler are connected. When the sampler is lowered, punched down, and penetrated, the resistance generated by water and sediment is minimized, and the sediment is allowed to enter the sampling tube as much as possible and completely. After the sampling is completed, the plurality of petal-shaped tube mouth seals 81 can be closed to each other to form a seal, which is convenient for removing the sediment and will not leak.

Claims

1. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments, characterized in that: It comprises a load-bearing tube (1), a plurality of annularly distributed tail wings (12) are arranged above the outer surface of the load-bearing tube (1), a plurality of counterweight blocks (11) are stacked on the load-bearing tube (1), a sampling tube (2) is mounted at the lower end of the load-bearing tube (1) via a flange, and a sampling cutter head (3) is mounted at the bottom end of the sampling tube (2); A piston head (7) is slidably mounted in the sampling tube (2) up and down, a piston fixing mechanism (6) is mounted on the load-bearing tube (1), a weight (5) is connected to the piston fixing mechanism (6) via a connecting rope (51), the lower end of the weight (5) is located below the sampling cutter head (3), three groups of connecting columns (4) distributed in an annular shape are connected to the piston fixing mechanism (6), the bottom ends of the connecting columns (4) are connected to the piston head (7), and a pipe mouth seal (8) is mounted on the bottom end of the sampling tube (2), and the pipe mouth seal (8) is connected to the connecting column (4).

2. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston fixing mechanism (6) comprises a fixing ring (63) fixed to the inner ring of the load-bearing tube (1); the lower surface of the fixing ring (63) is designed with an arcuate structure to form an arcuate surface (631); the inner and outer rings of the fixing ring (63) penetrate to form three groups of annularly distributed locking sliding holes (632); a locking portion (65) is slidably installed in the locking sliding hole (632); the inner ring of the load-bearing tube (1) is rotatably installed with three groups of annularly distributed abutting portions (64) via a connecting shaft seat (644); the abutting portions (64) are in contact with the arcuate surface (631) on the downward side, and the locking portion (65) is in contact with the abutting portion (64) on the inward end; The fixing ring (63) is penetrated vertically to form three groups of circular holes distributed in an annular pattern, and the circular holes are connected to the locking sliding holes (632), the connecting column (4) is slidably sleeved in the circular holes, the connecting column (4) is provided with a locking groove (41), and the locking portion (65) is inserted into the locking groove (41) at one end away from the abutting portion (64); The outer ring of the load-bearing tube (1) is rotatably mounted with a balance rod (61) via a connecting seat (611) and an axle pin; one end of the balance rod (61) located above the load-bearing tube (1) is connected to a pull rope (62); the pull rope (62) is divided into three rope strands below and respectively connected to three groups of abutment portions (64); the connecting rope (51) is tied to one end of the balance rod (61) away from the load-bearing tube (1).

3. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The abutment portion (64) comprises two groups of deflection rods (643) rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the load-bearing tube (1) via connecting shaft seats (644); an abutment arc plate (641) is fixed to one end of the two groups of deflection rods (643) away from the inner wall of the load-bearing tube (1); the arc-shaped structure of the lower surface of the abutment arc plate (641) is designed to form an abutment arc surface (642); and a counterweight is provided on the deflection rod (643).

4. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking portion (65) comprises a locking head (651) slidably arranged in the locking sliding hole (632); a sleeve sliding rod (653) is arranged at one end of the locking head (651) away from the connecting column (4); a butt joint (654) is fixed to the other end of the sleeve sliding rod (653); the butt joint (654) abuts against the abutting portion (64); a locking ring (633) is slidably sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod (653); the locking ring (633) is fixed to the inner wall of the locking sliding hole (632); a release spring (652) is sleeved on the sleeve sliding rod (653); and two ends of the release spring (652) abut against the locking ring (633) and the butt joint (654), respectively.

5. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston head (7) comprises an upper ring seat (71) fixed to the bottom end of the connecting column (4), a lower ring seat (74) is arranged below the upper ring seat (71), a plurality of supporting screw sleeves are arranged above the lower ring seat (74), the upper ring seat (71) and the lower ring seat (74) are fixed by supporting screw sleeves and bolts, a deflection ring seat (72) is rotatably installed between the upper ring seat (71) and the lower ring seat (74), and a plurality of sealing blocks (73) distributed in an annular shape are slidably arranged between the deflection ring seat (72) and the lower ring seat (74); A driving slide rod (731) is fixed to the upper end of the sealing block (73); a plurality of driving arc holes (721) are arranged in a circular array on the deflection ring seat (72); the plurality of driving slide rods (731) are slidably placed in the corresponding driving arc holes (721); a plurality of annularly distributed sealing grooves (741) are provided on the upper surface of the lower ring seat (74); a sealing slide block (732) is arranged at the lower end of the sealing block (73); the sealing slide block (732) is slidably placed in the sealing groove (741).

6. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the sampling tube (2) is provided with a plurality of guide grooves distributed in an annular shape, the guide grooves comprising a vertically arranged straight groove (22), the lower end of the straight groove (22) being connected to a deflection groove (23), the straight groove (22) extending upward to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube (1), the outer ring surface of the deflection ring seat (72) being provided with a plurality of deflection heads (722), the deflection heads (722) being slidably placed in the guide grooves.

7. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular groove is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the sampling tube (2); the tube mouth seal (8) comprises a plurality of rotating parts (82) arranged in a circumferential array in the annular groove; each of the rotating parts (82) is rotatably connected to a petal-shaped tube mouth seal (81); a plurality of threading holes (21) distributed in an annular shape are vertically arranged upward on the inner wall of the sampling tube (2); the threading holes (21) extend upward into the bearing tube (1), and the upper and lower ends of the threading holes (21) are respectively connected to the interior of the sampling tube (2) and the inner wall of the bearing tube (1); The inner wall of the load-bearing tube (1) is provided with a plurality of annularly distributed downward pressing members (85), a lifting ring (84) is fixed to the lower end of the downward pressing member (85), and the lifting ring (84) is slidably sleeved on the connecting column (4), a plurality of tensioning ropes (83) are bundled above the lifting ring (84), and the other end of the tensioning rope (83) passes through the threading hole (21) and is connected to the petal-shaped pipe mouth seal (81).

8. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The down-pressing member (85) comprises an outer sleeve (851) fixed to the inner wall of the load-bearing tube (1); the inner part of the outer sleeve (851) is hollow to form a down-pressing chamber, and the cross-section of the down-pressing chamber is an inverted convex structure; a down-pressing rod (853) is arranged in the down-pressing chamber for sliding up and down; a down-pressing plate (854) is arranged at the upper end of the down-pressing rod (853) and is slidably placed in the down-pressing chamber; a down-pressing spring (852) is abutted between the top of the down-pressing plate (854) and the top of the down-pressing chamber; and the bottom end of the down-pressing rod (853) is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting ring (84).

9. A gravity piston sampler suitable for long columnar sediments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating part (82) comprises a rotating shaft seat (821) fixed in an annular groove, a rotating shaft (822) being rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft seat (821), the rotating shaft (822) extending into an opening below the petal-shaped tube mouth seal (81), and an elastic member (823) being arranged on the rotating shaft (822), the elastic member (823) being connected to an opening on an inner wall of the petal-shaped tube mouth seal (81); A plurality of petal-shaped pipe mouth seals (81) form a complete conical structure.

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