Soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom fertilizer improvement, and particularly discloses a mushroom fertilizer-based soil quality improvement method, which is used for solving the problem that the research on the improvement effect of the mushroom fertilizer on the capillary porosity and the total porosity of the soil of an agricultural land and the action mechanism of the mushroom fertilizer under different addition proportions is still limited in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials according to preset dosage components to obtain an improved mushroom fertilizer, fermenting to obtain a secondary improved fertilizer, fully mixing the secondary improved fertilizer with secondary improved fertilizers in different proportions to obtain a soil sample group, and obtaining a first property parameter of the soil sample group in which the proportion of the added secondary improved fertilizer is 0%; adjusting the volume weight of the soil sample group to be 1.35 g / cm < 3 >, planting artemisia desertorum after natural settling for 2 months, obtaining a second soil sample group after the artemisia desertorum is planted, measuring a second property parameter of the second soil sample group, comparing and analyzing the quality of the soil added with the modifier in different proportions based on the first property parameter and the second property parameter, and determining the optimal proportion of the secondary improvement fertilizer required by the agricultural land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mushroom fertilizer improvement, and more particularly to a soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] With long-term, high-intensity tillage and excessive fertilizer application, agricultural soils often face structural degradation, decreased organic matter content, nutrient imbalance, and reduced porosity. This not only affects crop growth and yield but also poses a threat to the health of the soil ecosystem. The addition of soil amendments can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient status while also fixing aeolian sandy soils, making them more conducive to plant growth. This can significantly enhance biological sand fixation and increase the productivity of degraded soils. Therefore, the addition of soil amendments has become a key measure for remediating degraded soils. In recent years, with the advancement of research and application technologies for soil amendments, the development and application of new, environmentally friendly, efficient, low-cost, and low-pollution multifunctional amendments has not only become a current research hotspot but has also made their application in desertification control possible. However, research on the improvement of aeolian sandy soils with these amendments, as well as the durability and supply of their effects, is relatively limited, requiring extensive and long-term exploration. Mushroom fertilizer, a model for the resourceful utilization of organic waste, is a fermented product of mushroom cultivation substrate. Rich in organic matter, trace elements, and beneficial microorganisms, it has the potential to improve soil structure, increase organic matter content, and enhance nutrient utilization efficiency. Studies have shown that mushroom fertilizer, rich in lignocellulose and polysaccharides, can improve soil aggregate structure and increase capillary and total porosity. However, research on the effects of mushroom fertilizer on agricultural soil capillary and total porosity at different addition ratios, as well as its mechanism of action, is currently limited. To address these issues, a technical solution is now provided. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer, which is used to solve the problem that the research on the improvement effect of existing mushroom fertilizer on the capillary porosity and total porosity of agricultural soil at different addition ratios and its mechanism of action is still limited, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Weighing raw materials according to preset dosage components to obtain improved mushroom fertilizer; the preset dosage components include: a mushroom matrix with a content ranging from 40% to 70%, beneficial microorganisms with a content ranging from 1% to 5%, mushroom spores with a content ranging from 0.5% to 5%, inorganic salts with a content ranging from 2% to 5%, trace elements with a content ranging from 5% to 10.1%, a pH regulating substance with a content ranging from 1% to 3%, and water with a content ranging from 15% to 40%;

[0007] Step 2, obtaining improved mushroom fertilizer and fermenting it: piling the improved mushroom fertilizer, covering the pile with breathable cloth, inserting a ventilation pipe into the pile, and regularly monitoring the oxygen concentration in the pile through an oxygen sensor. If the oxygen concentration is lower than a preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to increase the ventilation frequency and duration; if the oxygen concentration is higher than the preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to reduce the ventilation frequency and duration; and the pile temperature is raised to 55 degrees Celsius and maintained for 4-7 days, then lowered to 40 degrees Celsius and maintained for 1-7 days, and then maintained at 30 degrees Celsius for 1-15 days, thereby obtaining fermented secondary improved fertilizer;

[0008] Step 3: Selecting soil samples from the 0-30 cm soil layer of agricultural land, and fully mixing them with secondary improvement fertilizer at proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% to obtain soil sample groups, and obtaining the primary property parameters of the soil sample group with 0% secondary improvement fertilizer added;

[0009] Step 4: Adjust the bulk density of the soil sample group to 1.35 g / cm 3 , planting Artemisia ordosica after natural sedimentation for 2 months, obtaining a second soil sample group after the Artemisia ordosica planting, and measuring the second property parameter of the second soil sample group;

[0010] Step 5: Compare and analyze the soil quality after adding different proportions of amendments based on the primary property parameters and the secondary property parameters.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the preset dosage components include: a mushroom matrix with a content range of 65%, a beneficial microorganism with a content range of 3%, a mushroom spore with a content range of 2.75%, an inorganic salt with a content range of 3.5%, a trace element with a content range of 7.55%, a pH regulating substance with a content range of 2%, and a water content range of 27.5%.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the mushroom matrix is ​​composed of a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sand and gravel in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1:1.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the beneficial microorganisms are composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, organic matter-decomposing bacteria, antagonistic bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:2:1:1.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic salt is composed of sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate and sulfate in a mass ratio of 2:3:2:1:1:1.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the trace elements are composed of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:1:1:1:1.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pH regulating substance is composed of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and silicate mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:1.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pH regulating substance is a mixture of sulfur powder, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1:1.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first property parameter includes a first physical property parameter, a first chemical property parameter and a first biological property parameter; the first physical property parameter includes a first soil capillary porosity and a first soil total porosity; the first chemical property parameter includes a first soil pH value, a first soil electrical conductivity, a first soil organic matter content, a first soil nitrogen content, a first soil phosphorus content and a first soil potassium content; the first biological property parameter includes a first soil peroxidase content, a first soil polyphenol oxidase content, a first soil urease content, a first soil sucrase content, a first soil dehydrogenase content and a first soil phosphatase content.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second property parameters include second physical property parameters, second chemical property parameters and second biological property parameters; the second physical property parameters include second soil capillary porosity and second soil total porosity; the second chemical property parameters include second soil pH value, second soil electrical conductivity, second soil organic matter content, second soil nitrogen content, second soil phosphorus content and second soil potassium content; the second biological property parameters include second soil peroxidase content, second soil polyphenol oxidase content, second soil urease content, second soil sucrase content, second soil dehydrogenase content and second soil phosphatase content.

[0020] The technical effects and advantages of the soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer of the present invention are as follows: the present invention obtains improved mushroom fertilizer by weighing raw materials according to preset dosage components, takes a 0-30 cm soil layer of agricultural land as a soil sample, and fully mixes it with fermented secondary improved fertilizer in different proportions to obtain a soil sample group, and obtains the primary property parameters of the soil sample group with a secondary improved fertilizer added in a proportion of 0%; adjusts the bulk density of the soil sample group to 1.35 g / cm 3 , plant Artemisia ordosica 2 months after natural sedimentation, obtain the second soil sample group after Artemisia ordosica planting, and measure its secondary property parameters. Based on the first and second property parameters, compare and analyze the soil quality after adding different proportions of amendments to determine the optimal secondary improvement fertilizer ratio required for agricultural land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention are described below in a clear and complete manner. Obviously, the technical solutions described are only part of the present invention, not the entire invention. All other technical solutions derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the technical solutions of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Weighing raw materials according to preset dosage components to obtain improved mushroom fertilizer; the preset dosage components include: a mushroom matrix with a content ranging from 40% to 70%, beneficial microorganisms with a content ranging from 1% to 5%, mushroom spores with a content ranging from 0.5% to 5%, inorganic salts with a content ranging from 2% to 5%, trace elements with a content ranging from 5% to 10.1%, a pH regulating substance with a content ranging from 1% to 3%, and water with a content ranging from 15% to 40%;

[0025] Step 2, obtaining improved mushroom fertilizer and fermenting it: piling the improved mushroom fertilizer, covering the pile with breathable cloth, inserting a ventilation pipe into the pile, and regularly monitoring the oxygen concentration in the pile through an oxygen sensor. If the oxygen concentration is lower than a preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to increase the ventilation frequency and duration; if the oxygen concentration is higher than the preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to reduce the ventilation frequency and duration; and the pile temperature is raised to 55 degrees Celsius and maintained for 4-7 days, then lowered to 40 degrees Celsius and maintained for 1-7 days, and then maintained at 30 degrees Celsius for 1-15 days, thereby obtaining fermented secondary improved fertilizer;

[0026] Step 3: Selecting soil samples from the 0-30 cm soil layer of agricultural land, and fully mixing them with secondary improvement fertilizer at proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% to obtain soil sample groups, and obtaining the primary property parameters of the soil sample group with 0% secondary improvement fertilizer added;

[0027] Step 4: Adjust the bulk density of the soil sample group to 1.35 g / cm 3 , planting Artemisia ordosica after natural sedimentation for 2 months, obtaining a second soil sample group after the Artemisia ordosica planting, and measuring the second property parameter of the second soil sample group;

[0028] Step 5: Compare and analyze the soil quality after adding different proportions of amendments based on the primary property parameters and the secondary property parameters.

[0029] It should be noted that the first property parameters include first physical property parameters, first chemical property parameters and first biological property parameters; the first physical property parameters include first soil capillary porosity and first soil total porosity; the first chemical property parameters include first soil pH value, first soil electrical conductivity, first soil organic matter content, first soil nitrogen content, first soil phosphorus content and first soil potassium content; the first biological property parameters include first soil peroxidase content, first soil polyphenol oxidase content, first soil urease content, first soil sucrase content, first soil dehydrogenase content and first soil phosphatase content.

[0030] The second property parameters include second physical property parameters, second chemical property parameters and second biological property parameters; the second physical property parameters include second soil capillary porosity and second soil total porosity; the second chemical property parameters include second soil pH value, second soil electrical conductivity, second soil organic matter content, second soil nitrogen content, second soil phosphorus content and second soil potassium content; the second biological property parameters include second soil peroxidase content, second soil polyphenol oxidase content, second soil urease content, second soil sucrase content, second soil dehydrogenase content and second soil phosphatase content.

[0031] Specifically, in step 1, the preset dosage components include: a mushroom matrix with a content range of 65%, a beneficial microorganism with a content range of 3%, a mushroom spore with a content range of 2.75%, an inorganic salt with a content range of 3.5%, a trace element with a content range of 7.55%, a pH regulating substance with a content range of 2%, and a water content range of 27.5%.

[0032] According to the above-mentioned preset dosage components of the secondary improved fertilizer, it was fully mixed with the soil sample of the 0-30 cm soil layer of the agricultural land to obtain a soil sample group, and the primary property parameters of the soil sample group with the addition ratio of the secondary improved fertilizer being 0% were obtained, and the bulk density of the soil sample group was adjusted to 1.35 g / cm 3 After 2 months of natural sedimentation, Artemisia ordosica was planted, and a second soil sample group after Artemisia ordosica planting was obtained. The second property parameters of the second soil sample group were measured. At this time, a comparison data table of the first property parameters and the second property parameters under different secondary improvement fertilizer ratios as shown in Table 1 was obtained.

[0033]

[0034]

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Table 1 Comparison data of primary property parameters and secondary property parameters under different secondary improved fertilizer ratios

[0038] Based on the above comparison data table, it can be seen that the effect of the addition ratio on capillary porosity and total porosity is significant, but there is no significant difference in capillary porosity and total porosity between vegetation types. With the increase of the addition ratio of mushroom fertilizer, the capillary porosity and total porosity of the soil in agricultural land show an upward trend to varying degrees. It can also be seen that the effect of different secondary improvement fertilizer addition ratios on soil pH is small, and the difference is not significant; different secondary improvement fertilizer addition ratios have a significant effect on soil electrical conductivity. With the increase of the addition ratio, the soil electrical conductivity increases significantly; different secondary improvement fertilizer addition ratios The results show that the addition ratio of secondary improved fertilizer has a significant effect on soil organic matter. With the increase of addition ratio, soil organic matter increases exponentially; the addition ratio of different secondary improved fertilizer has a significant effect on soil nitrogen. With the increase of addition ratio, soil total nitrogen increases significantly; the addition ratio of different secondary improved fertilizer has a significant effect on soil phosphorus. With the increase of addition ratio, soil total phosphorus increases significantly; the addition ratio of different secondary improved fertilizer has an effect on soil potassium. With the increase of addition ratio, soil total potassium does not show a trend of continuous increase. The content of total potassium in agricultural land is higher when the addition ratio is 5%; the addition ratio of different secondary improved fertilizer has a significant effect on soil peroxidase. With the increase of addition ratio, soil peroxidase does not show a trend of continuous increase. The content of soil peroxidase in agricultural land increases first and then decreases with the increase of addition ratio, and is higher when the addition ratio is 10%; the addition ratio of different secondary improved fertilizer has a significant effect on soil polyphenol oxidase. With the increase of addition ratio, agricultural land shows a downward trend and tends to be stable after the addition ratio is 30%; the addition ratio has a significant effect on soil urease. With the increase of addition ratio, agricultural land shows a continuous increase. The addition ratio had a significant effect on soil sucrase. With the increase of the addition ratio, the content of agricultural land was higher when the addition ratio was 10%. The addition ratio had a significant effect on soil dehydrogenase. With the increase of the addition ratio, the dehydrogenase in agricultural land showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The content was higher when the addition ratio was 30%. The addition ratio had a significant effect on soil phosphatase. With the increase of the addition ratio, the phosphatase in agricultural land showed a trend of first increasing and then stabilizing. The agricultural land tended to be stable when the addition ratio was 30%.

[0039] By adding mushroom fertilizer to soil at varying rates, the effects of different addition rates on soil physicochemical and biological properties, as well as plant growth characteristics, were analyzed. Results showed significant differences in soil physicochemical properties and plant growth responses to the addition rate. Mushroom fertilizer addition rate significantly affected capillary porosity and total porosity, but no significant differences in capillary porosity and total porosity were found between vegetation types. While the addition rate had no significant effect on soil pH, it did significantly affect salt and nutrient content. Most soil nutrient indices increased significantly with increasing mushroom fertilizer addition rates. Different soil biological properties responded differently to increasing mushroom fertilizer addition rates. For example, peroxidase activity initially increased and then decreased, polyphenol oxidase activity decreased, and phosphatase activity significantly increased. Germination rate and plant height both increased and then decreased with increasing mushroom fertilizer addition rates, with higher values ​​observed at 10% addition rate in agricultural land. Therefore, mushroom fertilizer addition significantly improved soil nutrient content, microbial activity, and plant growth. However, excessive addition rates can inhibit microbial activity and affect plant growth.

[0040] Specifically, the mushroom matrix is ​​composed of a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sand and gravel in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1:1.

[0041] Specifically, the beneficial microorganisms are composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, organic matter-decomposing bacteria, antagonistic bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:2:1:1.

[0042] Specifically, the inorganic salt is composed of sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate and sulfate in a mass ratio of 2:3:2:1:1:1.

[0043] Specifically, the trace elements are composed of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:1:1:1:1.

[0044] Specifically, the pH regulating substance is a mixture of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and silicate in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:1.

[0045] Specifically, the pH adjusting substance is a mixture of sulfur powder, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1:1.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, raw materials are weighed according to preset dosage components to obtain improved mushroom fertilizer, a soil sample of 0-30 cm soil layer of agricultural land is taken, and the soil sample group is fully mixed with different proportions of secondary improved fertilizer to obtain a soil sample group, and fermentation is performed to obtain the secondary improved fertilizer, and the primary property parameters of the soil sample group with a secondary improved fertilizer added at a ratio of 0% are obtained; the bulk density of the soil sample group is adjusted to 1.35 g / cm 3, plant Artemisia ordosica 2 months after natural sedimentation, obtain the second soil sample group after Artemisia ordosica planting, and measure its secondary property parameters. Based on the first and second property parameters, compare and analyze the soil quality after adding different proportions of amendments to determine the optimal secondary improvement fertilizer ratio required for agricultural land.

[0047] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0048] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, weighing raw materials according to preset dosage components to obtain improved mushroom fertilizer; the preset dosage components include: mushroom matrix with a content range of 40%-70%, beneficial microorganisms with a content range of 1%-5%, mushroom spores with a content range of 0.5%-5%, inorganic salts with a content range of 2%-5%, trace elements with a content range of 5%-10.1%, pH regulating substances with a content range of 1%-3%, and water with a content range of 15%-40%; Step 2, obtaining improved mushroom fertilizer and fermenting it: piling up the improved mushroom fertilizer, covering the pile with breathable cloth, inserting a ventilation pipe into the pile, and regularly monitoring the oxygen concentration in the pile through an oxygen sensor. If the oxygen concentration is lower than a preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to increase the ventilation frequency and duration; if the oxygen concentration is higher than the preset oxygen concentration threshold, the ventilation pipe is controlled to reduce the ventilation frequency and duration; and the temperature of the pile is raised to 55 degrees Celsius and maintained for 4-7 days, then the temperature is lowered to 40 degrees Celsius and maintained for 1-7 days, and then the temperature is maintained at 30 degrees Celsius for 1-15 days, so as to obtain a fermented secondary improved fertilizer; Step 3, selecting a 0-30 cm soil layer of agricultural land as soil samples, and fully mixing them with secondary improved fertilizers at proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% to obtain soil sample groups, and obtaining the first property parameters of the soil sample group with 0% of the secondary improved fertilizer added; Step 4: Adjust the bulk density of the soil sample group to 1.35 g / cm 3 , planting Artemisia ordosica after natural sedimentation for 2 months, obtaining a second soil sample group after the planting of Artemisia ordosica, and determining a second property parameter of the second soil sample group; Step 5, based on the first property parameter and the second property parameter, compare and analyze the soil quality after adding different proportions of the amendment.

2. A soil quality improvement method based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the preset dosage components include: a mushroom matrix with a content range of 65%, a beneficial microorganism with a content range of 3%, a mushroom spore with a content range of 2.75%, an inorganic salt with a content range of 3.5%, a trace element with a content range of 7.55%, a pH regulating substance with a content range of 2% and a moisture with a content range of 27.5%.

3. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom matrix is ​​composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sand and gravel mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1:

1.

4. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beneficial microorganisms are composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, organic matter-decomposing bacteria, antagonistic bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, which are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:2:1:

1.

5. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic salt is composed of sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate and sulfate in a mass ratio of 2:3:2:1:1:

1.

6. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements are composed of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:1:1:1:

1.

7. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH adjusting substance is composed of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and silicate mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:

1.

8. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH adjusting substance is a mixture of sulfur powder, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1:

1.

9. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first property parameters include a first physical property parameter, a first chemical property parameter and a first biological property parameter; the first physical property parameter includes a first soil capillary porosity and a first soil total porosity; the first chemical property parameter includes a first soil pH value, a first soil electrical conductivity, a first soil organic matter content, a first soil nitrogen content, a first soil phosphorus content and a first soil potassium content; the first biological property parameter includes a first soil peroxidase content, a first soil polyphenol oxidase content, a first soil urease content, a first soil sucrase content, a first soil dehydrogenase content and a first soil phosphatase content.

10. The method for improving soil quality based on mushroom fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second property parameters include second physical property parameters, second chemical property parameters and second biological property parameters; the second physical property parameters include second soil capillary porosity and second soil total porosity; the second chemical property parameters include second soil pH value, second soil electrical conductivity, second soil organic matter content, second soil nitrogen content, second soil phosphorus content and second soil potassium content; the second biological property parameters include second soil peroxidase content, second soil polyphenol oxidase content, second soil urease content, second soil sucrase content, second soil dehydrogenase content and second soil phosphatase content.

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