A gel material and a venipuncture model prepared therefrom and its application

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of gel material, including the following components: agar, carrageenan, konjac gum, additives; The mass ratio of described agar, carrageenan, konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5; The described additives include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sorbate, food coloring. The venipuncture model of the present invention is a highly simulated human blood vessel model, which can simulate real human blood vessel structure, so that learners can perform practical operation in a simulated environment, improve learning effect, adopt agar as main material, simple to make, with low cost, convenient for large-scale production and promotion, single model single point can actually enter needle puncture and reach more than 70 times, improve mold service life, and reduce cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of medical teaching, and in particular relates to a gel material and a venipuncture model prepared therefrom and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of medical technology, ultrasound-guided venipuncture and PICC cannulation have been widely used in clinical practice and have become an indispensable part of modern medicine. However, these technologies often pose certain operational difficulties and risks for beginners. When beginners perform venipuncture and PICC cannulation under ultrasound, they may face puncture failure due to insufficient clinical practice experience, unskilled operation, improper vessel selection, improper needle insertion angle, improper puncture needle selection, misjudgment, incorrect tube delivery angle, insufficient skin dilation, shallow or deep insertion, and excessive angle between the puncture needle and the vascular endothelium. The accuracy of ultrasound-guided venipuncture and PICC cannulation directly affects the patient's treatment effect and safety. Improper operation may lead to complications such as vascular damage, infection, and thrombosis.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new teaching aids to simulate the real operating environment, reduce the difficulty of operation, and improve the practical technical level of beginners.

[0004] The new teaching aids can simulate real vascular structure, blood flow, patient movement and other factors, allowing beginners to practice repeatedly in a simulated environment, helping them become familiar with the operation process, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the operation, mastering the correct operation methods, and reducing the occurrence of complications.

[0005] Currently, the ultrasonic puncture molds in the existing technology are expensive and difficult to obtain. They will be worn out after more than ten punctures and cannot be used anymore. These molds are mostly high-value consumables used by lecturers during demonstrations and cannot meet the daily puncture practice needs of every student. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a gel material and a venipuncture model prepared therefrom and its application, so as to solve the technical problems of the existing ultrasonic venipuncture model in terms of complex structure, high cost, inconvenience in use and lack of durability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a gel material comprising the following ingredients: agar, carrageenan, konjac gum, and additives;

[0009] The mass ratio of the agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:3:3.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 20:3:3.

[0012] Furthermore, the additives include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sorbate, and food coloring.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the gel material according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Pour water into a container and boil;

[0015] Step 2: Add agar powder, konjac gum, and carrageenan to the continuously heated boiling water in step 1 while stirring until completely dissolved. Prevent lumps from forming during the stirring process.

[0016] Step 3: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 2, add food coloring, and stir evenly;

[0017] Step 4: Add potassium sorbate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution;

[0018] Step 5: Pour the mixed solution into the mold, cool to room temperature, and take it out after solidification.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5.

[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:3:3.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 20:3:3.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass ratio of potassium sorbate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1-3:0.5-2.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the potassium sorbate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2:1.

[0024] Furthermore, the food coloring includes pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring;

[0025] The mass ratio of pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring is 1:1:2.

[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic venous puncture model prepared according to the gel material described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the gel material described in the first aspect of the present invention and a rubber tube, wherein rubber tubes of different diameters are embedded inside the gel material, and the rubber tubes are used to simulate human blood vessels.

[0027] Preferably, the diameter of the rubber tube is 3-5 mm, and a thinner simulated child vein or a curved path of the CVC tube can also be customized according to individual needs.

[0028] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a use of the gel material according to the first aspect of the present invention in preparing an ultrasonic venipuncture model.

[0029] Agar, also known as agar gel or jelly powder, is a polysaccharide extracted from red algae such as Gelidium agar and Gracilaria truncatula. Agar is white or light yellow, odorless, and hydrophilic. It can be added to foods as a food additive, serving various functions, including thickening, gelling, stabilization, and moisture retention. Moderate addition is generally harmless to the human body. It is commonly used in foods such as soft candies, jellies, ice cream, and pastries. Agar is easily moldable and reusable, mimics the human body structure, and exhibits excellent ultrasound transparency.

[0030] Carrageenan is a calcium, potassium, sodium, and ammonium salt of a polysaccharide sulfate ester composed of galactose and anhydrogalactose. Its chemical structure is a linear polysaccharide compound composed of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose residues. It is a hydrophilic colloid extracted from red algae seaweeds such as Eucheuma, Gelidium, and Carrageenan. Carrageenan is safe and reliable, with a wide range of industrial applications. It plays an important role in the daily chemical industry and medical research. In the food industry, it is particularly used as a thickener, gelling agent, suspending agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. For example, in the production of jellies and ice cream, carrageenan can provide the desired texture and stability.

[0031] Konjac gum is primarily composed of glucomannan, with a molecular ratio of glucose to mannose of approximately 2:3. Konjac gum and kappa-carrageenan are both commonly used gelling agents in the food industry. When carrageenan and konjac gum are properly combined, they can form a thermoreversible elastic gel under neutral to slightly acidic conditions. The resulting gel also requires minimal gelling agent, exhibits high gel strength, and exhibits low water loss.

[0032] Konjac gum and carrageenan have a strong synergistic effect, which can significantly enhance the gel strength and elasticity of carrageenan and reduce the water secretion of carrageenan. Its effect is stronger than that of locust bean gum and has great application value in the food industry.

[0033] In the present invention, a small amount of carrageenan and konjac gum is added to the agar mold, which can improve the overall strength, elasticity, toughness and water retention of the mold, is beneficial to improving the anti-corrosion performance of the mold, improves the overall ultrasonic sound permeability of the mold, enhances the user experience, and extends the service life.

[0034] The function of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is to prevent water loss, further improve the toughness and water retention of the model, and increase its service life.

[0035] Potassium sorbate serves as a preservative and has an antiseptic effect, which can increase the service life of the gel material.

[0036] Food coloring is used to adjust the color to make the gel material closer to human skin color, increase the realism of the experience, and improve the effect of venipuncture practice under ultrasound.

[0037] Compared with the existing technology, the gel material and the venipuncture model prepared therefrom and its application in the present invention have the following advantages:

[0038] (1) The present invention uses agar as the main material, which is simple to prepare, low in cost, and convenient for large-scale production and promotion;

[0039] (2) The venipuncture model of the present invention is a highly simulated human blood vessel model that can simulate the real human blood vessel structure, allowing learners to perform practical operations in a simulated environment and improve learning effects;

[0040] (3) After the present invention is connected to the ultrasound equipment, the ultrasound permeability of the test model and the simulated vascular structure display are tested, and the vascular puncture and PICC catheterization operation process under ultrasound guidance are simulated, so that learners can better understand and master the operation skills under ultrasound guidance;

[0041] (4) The puncture model of the present invention is reusable, and a single model can be used for more than 70 punctures at a single point. The cost-effectiveness is significantly better than the expensive teaching aids currently available on the market, which can reduce teaching costs and improve teaching efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2-3 Graphs of elastic moduli measured by two elastic imaging methods for the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6-7 Graphs of elastic moduli measured by two elastic imaging methods for the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10-11 Graphs of elastic moduli measured by two elastic imaging methods for the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a grayscale image of a normal human superficial vein;

[0053] Figure 14 A simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 15 This is a color Doppler image of a normal human superficial vein;

[0055] Figure 16 A simulated venous color Doppler image of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 17 、 Figure 19 Figure 2 shows the elastic modulus of normal human tissue measured by two elastography methods.

[0057] Figure 18 、 Figure 20 Graphs of elastic moduli measured by two elastic imaging methods for the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 21 This is a diagram showing the venipuncture demonstration of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 22 This is a physical diagram of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 23 This is a simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention;

[0061] Figures 24-25These are elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0063] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0066] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0067] Step 3: Take 20.0g agar powder, 3.0g konjac gum, and 3.0g carrageenan, add them to continuously heated boiling water while stirring, and stir until completely dissolved;

[0068] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir well;

[0069] Step 5: Add 4 g of potassium sorbate and 2 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution;

[0070] Step 6: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 5 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, remove the gel material and rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0073] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0074] Step 3: Take 20.0g of agar powder and add it to the boiling water while stirring until it is completely dissolved;

[0075] Step 4: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 3 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, remove the gel material and rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0078] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0079] Step 3: Take 20.0g agar powder, 3.0g konjac gum, and 3.0g carrageenan, add them to continuously heated boiling water while stirring, and stir until completely dissolved;

[0080] Step 4: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 3 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, remove the gel material and rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0083] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0084] Step 3: Take 20.0g agar powder, 3.0g konjac gum, and 3.0g carrageenan, add them to continuously heated boiling water while stirring, and stir until completely dissolved;

[0085] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir well;

[0086] Step 5: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 4 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, remove the gel material and rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0087] Comparative Example 4

[0088] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0089] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0090] Step 3: Take 10g agar powder, 14g konjac gum, and 2g carrageenan, add them to the continuously heated boiling water while stirring until completely dissolved;

[0091] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir well;

[0092] Step 5: Add 4 g of potassium sorbate and 2 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution;

[0093] Step 6: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 5 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, remove the gel material and rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0094] The venipuncture models prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were connected to ultrasound equipment to test the ultrasound acoustic transparency of the models and simulate the vascular structure display, and to simulate the vascular puncture and PICC catheterization procedures under ultrasound guidance.

[0095] Experimental results

[0096] 1. Ultrasound imaging results

[0097] like Figure 13-22 As shown in FIG, there is an ultrasound image of the venous puncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, an ultrasound image of a normal human body and a real picture of the model. The color, texture and elasticity of the model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are close to those of human soft tissue. Figure 13-14 As shown in FIG, a grayscale image of a normal human superficial vein is compared with a grayscale image of a simulated vein according to Example 1 of the present invention. The model according to Example 1 of the present invention has good ultrasonic penetration and can simulate the target puncture vein in soft tissue. Figure 15-16 As shown in the figure, the color Doppler image of the superficial veins of a normal human body and the color Doppler image of the simulated veins of Example 1 of the present invention are shown. Doppler ultrasound can display the direction and flow rate of the fluid through brightness and color. As shown in the figure, the model of Example 1 of the present invention can display the flow state and direction of the fluid in the simulated blood vessels. Figure 17-20 As shown in the figure, the elastic modulus diagram of normal human tissue and embodiment 1 of the present invention measured by ultrasound through two elastic imaging methods can show the hardness of the detection target. As shown in the figure, the elastic modulus of the model of embodiment 1 of the present invention is similar to that of normal human tissue. Figure 21 As shown, this is a venipuncture demonstration diagram of the venipuncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. The model can clearly display the position and morphology of the simulated blood vessels in the ultrasound puncture guidance mode, and can clearly display the position of the puncture needle and the relationship between the puncture needle and the puncture target, which can effectively help practitioners complete ultrasound-guided puncture with the help of the model.

[0098] like Figure 1-4 The following are ultrasound images and a real-life model of the venous puncture model prepared in Comparative Example 1. The simulated blood vessels in the model prepared in Comparative Example 1 are directly visible and differ from those in normal human tissue, which affects the actual puncture effect. Figure 1 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 1, and Figure 14 Compared with CT scans, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 2-3 As shown, it is an elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 1 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with embodiment 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of embodiment 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0099] like Figure 5-8 As shown in the figure, it is an ultrasound image and a real picture of the venous puncture model prepared in comparative example 2. The simulated blood vessels in the model prepared in comparative example 2 are directly visible and are different from the blood vessels in normal human tissue, which affects the actual effect of puncture. Figure 5 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 2, and Figure 14 Compared with CT scans, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 6-7 As shown, it is the elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 2 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with embodiment 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of embodiment 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0100] like Figure 9-12 As shown, the ultrasonic image and the physical picture of the venous puncture model prepared in Comparative Example 3 are shown. Figure 9 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 3, and Figure 14 Compared with CT scans, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 10-11 As shown, it is an elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 3 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with embodiment 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of embodiment 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0101] like Figure 23-25 As shown, it is the ultrasonic image of the venipuncture model prepared in Comparative Example 4. Figure 23 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 4, and Figure 14 Compared with CT scans, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figures 24-25 As shown, the elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 4 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound, compared with Example 1 of the present invention, the hardness and durability of the model of comparative example 4 are reduced, and the hardness and toughness of the model of Example 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0102] In summary, the venous puncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention has a similar appearance, hardness, and toughness to human soft tissue, which not only increases the authenticity of puncture practice but also ensures the service life of the model.

[0103] 2. Puncture times experiment

[0104] Actual needle insertion and puncture experiments were conducted on the venous puncture models of the above embodiments and comparative examples, and the number of possible punctures under normal imaging conditions was recorded. The number of possible punctures is shown in Table 1.

[0105] Table 1 Number of punctures possible for venipuncture molds

[0106] Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Example 1 79 82 77 83 90 Comparative Example 1 45 43 53 55 46 Comparative Example 2 66 61 64 64 66 Comparative Example 3 67 58 59 64 68 Comparative Example 4 50 41 52 56 45

[0107] As shown in Table 1, the present invention uses agar as the main raw material, and after adding carrageenan and konjac gum, the overall strength, elasticity, toughness, and water retention of the model can be improved, and the number of single-point punctures is significantly increased; Example 1 can achieve a single-point puncture number of more than 70 times without deformation, thereby increasing the service life of the mold and reducing the cost of use.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gel material, characterized in that: Includes the following ingredients: agar powder, carrageenan, konjac gum, additives; The mass ratio of the agar powder, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5; The additives include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sorbate and food coloring.

2. A method for preparing the gel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Pour water into a container and boil; Step 2: Add agar powder, konjac gum, and carrageenan to the continuously heated boiling water in step 1 while stirring until completely dissolved. Step 3: Add food coloring and stir well; Step 4: Add potassium sorbate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution; Step 5: Pour the mixed solution into the mold, cool to room temperature, and take it out after solidification.

3. The method for preparing a gel material according to claim 2, wherein: The food coloring includes pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring; The mass ratio of pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring is 1:1:

2.

4. An ultrasound-assisted venipuncture model prepared from the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The invention comprises the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a rubber tube, wherein the rubber tube is embedded in the gel material.

5. Use of the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in preparing an ultrasound-assisted venipuncture model.

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