Biochar-based heat-preservation, fertilizer-retention and water-retention potting device and potting planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of potting planting, and particularly discloses a biochar-based heat-preservation fertilizer-retention water-retention potting device and a potting planting method.The potting device comprises a pot body defined by a plurality of pot body units, and cavities used for storing biochar-based suspension fertilizer are formed in the pot body units; each pot body unit is connected with a water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the top of each water and fertilizer conveying pipe is connected with a drainage pipe, the middle of each drainage pipe is connected with charcoal-based bacterial fertilizer particles used for slowly releasing bacterial fertilizer, and the bottom end of each drainage pipe is connected with a charcoal cake used for retaining fertilizer and water. According to the application, heat preservation, fertilizer conservation and water conservation are taken as targets, the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release and lower water storage of potted plants are achieved by using corresponding biochar materials and cooperating with the potting device, and a favorable water and fertilizer supplement and growth environment is provided for plant growth; the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in the existing potted plant planting process are solved, and the method has wide popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of potted plant cultivation, and in particular to a biochar-based potted plant device and a potted plant cultivation method that can preserve heat, fertilizer and water. Background Art

[0002] As a daily home decoration, potted plants not only have ornamental value, but also can improve the indoor environment. The low temperature in winter and early spring may cause potted plants to shed leaves, stagnate growth or suffer frost damage. On the other hand, if the amount of fertilizer is uneven and the timing of fertilization is inappropriate, it will lead to low fertilizer utilization efficiency and insufficient nutrient supply, which will directly affect the growth of potted plants. In addition, when there is a lack of water in winter, the soil is prone to compaction and drying, and the air permeability and water content are reduced, which will also affect the growth of potted plants.

[0003] In agricultural production, before the arrival of winter, potted plants are kept warm by laying grass, bagging and covering; nutrient supply is ensured by spraying and root application of different types of fertilizers; soil is changed regularly, and humus and river sand are added to improve air permeability and drainage; the soil is kept moist by reasonable watering to avoid excessive wetness or dryness. However, bagging will affect the air permeability of potted plants, causing moisture on the leaves, and increasing labor costs; changing the soil is cumbersome and may damage the root system; and during fertilization, it is easy to cause over-fertilization, acidification of the soil, and easy loss of fertilizers into the soil, which increases costs and pollutes the water and soil environment. At the same time, potted plants also need certain trace element fertilizers for growth. Due to their small demand, slow-release / controlled-release technology is urgently needed to support the release of such fertilizers. In addition, if conventional microbial fertilizers are applied to enhance soil nutrient supply, fertilization is limited by climate, making it difficult to accurately reach the root area of ​​potted plants, and the fertilizer effect is limited and unstable. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to achieve temperature maintenance, frequent application of thin fertilizers, and slow release of water and fertilizer, so as to improve the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency during potted planting, the present application provides a biochar-based potted plant device and potted plant planting method that can preserve heat, fertilizer and water.

[0005] The present application provides a biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation potting device that adopts the following technical solutions: A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, comprising: The basin body is formed by a plurality of basin body units, each of which comprises a basin body side wall and a basin body bottom wall, the basin body side wall and the basin body bottom wall are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and the cavity is used to store biochar-based suspended fertilizer; the upper edge of the basin body side wall is provided with a fertilizer inlet connected to the cavity; A plurality of water and fertilizer delivery pipes corresponding to the plurality of the basin units one by one; the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are vertically arranged, with an opening at the top and a bottom end connected to the cavity of the bottom wall of the basin; the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe is higher than the surface of the soil in the basin and lower than the fertilizer inlet; A plurality of drainage pipes correspond one to one with the plurality of water and fertilizer delivery pipes, the drainage pipes include a detachably connected upper section and a lower section, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slow-release bacterial fertilizer are connected between the upper section and the lower section of the drainage pipe, the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is communicated with one side of the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the bottom of the lower section of the drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for retaining fertilizer and water; the drainage pipes are inserted into the soil so that the biochar cakes are located in the middle and lower soil layers.

[0006] Furthermore, the basin unit is transparent, so that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb light and store heat.

[0007] Furthermore, a filter screen is provided at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the top outer wall of the upper section of the drainage pipe is attached to the top outer wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0009] In order to solve the problems of poor winter insulation, poor soil properties and rapid loss of fertilizer and water in existing potted planting processes, the present application provides a method of combining biochar-based soil insulation, fertilizer and water conservation inputs with improved potted plant structures. Through external insulation of biochar-based suspended fertilizers, soil improvement and quality improvement with biochar-based inputs, and slow release of biochar-based water and fertilizer, the overall technical solution is provided to comprehensively meet the needs of soil insulation, water conservation and fertilizer conservation as well as the needs of plants for temperature, fertilizer and water.

[0010] Specifically, biochar-based suspended fertilizer is injected into the cavity of the pot unit to form an insulation layer on the periphery of the soil. The insulation layer absorbs and stores heat during the day when there is sunlight, and releases heat at night when the temperature is low, thereby maintaining the temperature of the potted soil and achieving the purpose of winter insulation. This provides a good temperature environment for the biochemical reactions of beneficial bacteria in the soil and plant growth. Biochar in a suspended liquid state is conducive to uniform heating of the insulation layer. At the same time, the pot unit, as a container for temporarily storing water and fertilizer, is conducive to reducing the volatilization of water and fertilizer compared to directly releasing water and fertilizer into the pot soil.

[0011] A U-shaped tube structure is formed by the water and fertilizer delivery pipe and the basin unit. When the liquid level in the cavity of the basin unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the water and fertilizer liquid overflows, and the biochar is retained in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe by the filter net. Most of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, and a small amount of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe and directly reaches the middle and lower layers of the soil, reducing the volatilization and loss of water and fertilizer.

[0012] In the drainage tube, the water and fertilizer liquid passes through the biochar-based fertilizer particles, moistening the particle column, inducing the dissolution and release of the fertilizer, achieving the purpose of slow release of the fertilizer, effectively supplementing the water and fertilizer content of the middle and lower layers of the soil and accelerating the decomposition and supply of soil organic matter. Biochar and water and fertilizer liquid contain essential nutrient elements required for the growth of bacterial agents, which is conducive to expanding the scale of bacterial populations, increasing the decomposition of soil organic matter, and providing nutrients for plants. The bacterial agent can not only be protected in the biochar carrier from the influence of the unstable pH and temperature and humidity environment of the soil, but also delay the growth and reproduction cycle and improve the efficacy of the bacterial agent. When promoting the decomposition of organic matter, the bacterial agent releases heat to further keep warm.

[0013] At the bottom of the drainage tube, water and part of the fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cake, further retaining fertilizer and water at the bottom of the soil. In addition, when there is sufficient water or it rains, the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes are slowly soaked and water is retained to prevent excessive waterlogging in the pot. When the soil moisture content decreases, the biochar slowly releases water to avoid excessive drought, so that the bottom of the soil always maintains appropriate humidity, promoting plant root absorption and development, and downward growth and fixation.

[0014] The method of using the potting device can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth cycle of the plant. For example, in the early stage of plant growth, fertilizer can be directly applied to the middle and upper layers of the soil in the potting device; as the plant continues to grow, the root system becomes dense and dense, and it is difficult to apply fertilizer to the root area. With the help of the potting device, fertilizer and water can be directly applied to the middle and lower layers of the potting soil to better meet the growth needs of the plant.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the basin units is 4-6, and the types of biochar-based suspended fertilizers stored in the cavities of the basin units are the same or different.

[0016] Taking into account the diversity of fertilizers applied during plant growth, by setting up multiple basin units, different types of fertilizers can be added separately to avoid fertilizer deterioration or reaction caused by long-term storage after mixing (for example, mixing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer with alkaline fertilizer may cause ammonia volatilization and reduce the effectiveness of nitrogen; mixing ammonium nitrate with organic fertilizer may cause explosion risk; mixing urea with superphosphate may cause precipitation of crystal water and affect the physical properties of the fertilizer, etc.).

[0017] Furthermore, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles are provided with a through hole for inserting a drainage pipe, the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipe are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, and a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section of the drainage pipe and the top end of the lower section for water and fertilizer to flow out.

[0018] By setting through holes in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipe are conveniently connected to the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles; a gap is set at the joint between the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipe, so that a part of the water and fertilizer in the drainage pipe can penetrate from the gap into the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles to achieve slow release of the fertilizer, and the other part of the water and fertilizer continues to flow along the drainage pipe to the biochar cake.

[0019] Furthermore, the drainage tube is arranged at an inclination, and its inclination direction is from top to bottom and opens outward from the center of the basin body.

[0020] In this way, water and fertilizer can pass through the drainage tube to the edge of the soil at the bottom of the pot, guiding the plant roots to grow downward and extend outward at the same time.

[0021] The present application also provides a biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention potted planting method, using the above-mentioned biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention potted planting device, the method comprises the following steps: Material preparation, including biochar-based suspension fertilizer preparation, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granule preparation and biochar cake preparation, are as follows: Mixing biomass organic fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer; mixing quick-acting fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer; mixing medium and trace element fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension medium and trace element fertilizer; mixing biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer or biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer with biochar-based suspension medium and trace element fertilizer to obtain biochar-based suspension fertilizer; Preferably, in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the mass ratio of biochar to corresponding fertilizer is 1:19; Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer or biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer to trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension is (7-9): (1-3).

[0022] The biochar is mixed with the bacterial solution and then dried and granulated to obtain biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules.

[0023] The biochar is granulated to obtain biochar cakes.

[0024] Preferably, the amount of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules and biochar cake added to the pot body accounts for 1% to 2% of the total weight of the soil in the pot body.

[0025] Potting installation and plant planting: A plurality of pot units are enclosed and fixed to form a pot, and a water and fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot; soil is filled in the middle and lower part of the pot, and the biochar cake and the lower section of the drainage pipe are connected and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot, and the biochar-based fertilizer particles and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected in sequence to the lower section of the drainage pipe, and then plant seedlings are transplanted.

[0026] Plant cultivation: Inject biochar-based suspension fertilizer into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspension fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, and releases heat in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm. When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the basin unit is higher than the top of the water-fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water-fertilizer delivery pipe, part of the water-fertilizer enters the soil, and the other part enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release the bacterial agent under the action of water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cake, retaining water and fertilizer in the lower layer of the soil.

[0027] Furthermore, the potted plant installation step also includes: installing a filter screen at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; when the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar is intercepted by the filter screen in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0028] Furthermore, the biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir, the biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice husk, and the biochar in the biochar cake is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.

[0029] For biochar in biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the raw material is Chinese fir, the pyrolysis temperature is 700~900℃, and the pyrolysis time is 0.5~2h. Chinese fir has a high lignin content, and lignin is more easily converted into a stable carbon structure during pyrolysis, which helps to form high-density biochar and is conducive to the formation of a suspension state.

[0030] For biochar in biochar-based fertilizer, the raw material is rice husk, the pyrolysis temperature is 350~400℃, and the pyrolysis time is 1~3h. Long-term low-temperature slow pyrolysis is conducive to the formation of biochar with a macroporous structure, which is conducive to the adsorption and storage of water, nutrients and adsorption of bacterial agents. Rice husk straw biomass materials themselves contain high carbon and nitrogen elements, which are suitable for the preparation of biochar, and its organic carbon content can reach 38%-76%. At the same time, due to the concentration and enrichment of certain nutrients during the pyrolysis process, the content of P, K, Ca, Mg and other elements in biochar is also higher than that of its preparation raw materials. These elements are suitable as nutrients for the reproduction and growth of bacterial agents.

[0031] For the biochar in the biochar cake, the raw material is natural wood, which is pyrolyzed at 625~675℃ for 1~2h. The biochar produced by high-temperature pyrolysis has a large specific surface area, small pore size, strong structural stability, and stronger water adsorption and storage capacity, which can effectively control the rate of water release. In addition, in general, wood is an excellent water storage and water transport medium. Natural wood has a low density, high porosity, and is easy to absorb water, so that the biochar prepared from it has the function of water retention and slow release of water.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. No other heat source is needed for heat preservation: water with large specific heat capacity and biochar with strong light absorption and heat storage capacity are used as heat preservation media. The pot body can temporarily store fertilizer while providing heat for potted plants; 2. Realize the linkage mechanism between external water replenishment and bacterial agent release: In the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, biochar provides a carrier for the bacterial agent, prolonging the storage time of the bacterial agent; under the infiltration of water and fertilizer, the bacterial agent is slowly released and dissolved, and the bacterial agent decomposes soil organic matter, enhances soil nutrients, and synergistically replenishes water and fertilizer; 3. Fixed water and fertilizer: Through drainage pipes and biochar cakes, water is adsorbed and fixed at the bottom of the potting soil, which plays a role in water retention and guides the plant roots to grow downward and fix; 4. This application uses corresponding biochar materials and cooperates with the potting device structure to achieve the synergistic technical effects of external insulation, middle fertilizer release, and lower water storage in the pot, providing more favorable water, fertilizer and environment for plant growth, and improving the existing problems of low temperature, poor soil properties, difficulty in adding water and fertilizer, and difficulty in fixing in the potted planting process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the potted plant device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a pot unit of a pot plant device in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe and drainage pipe of the potting device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure numerals: 1. fertilizer inlet; 2. bottom wall of basin; 3. water and fertilizer delivery pipe; 4. filter screen; 5. side wall of basin; 6. drainage pipe; 7. biochar-based fertilizer granules; 8. biochar cake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This application is described in further detail.

[0036] The present application embodiment discloses a biochar-based potted plant device that can retain heat, fertilizer and water. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer retention and water retention potting device method includes a pot body, a plurality of water and fertilizer delivery pipes 3 and a plurality of drainage pipes 6.

[0037] Among them, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The basin body is surrounded by a plurality of basin body units, each basin body unit includes a curved basin body side wall 5 and a fan-shaped basin body bottom wall 2, the basin body side wall 5 and the basin body bottom wall 2 are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and the cavities are used to store biochar-based suspended fertilizer; the upper edge of the basin body side wall 5 is provided with a fertilizer inlet 1 connected to the cavity. In order to increase the stability of the basin body, the plurality of basin body units can be fixed by a hoop or connected and fixed by bonding.

[0038] In order to promote the light absorption and heat storage of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the basin unit is made of a transparent material, for example, transparent plastic.

[0039] In order to achieve the separate addition of different types of fertilizers, the number of the pot body units is 4-6, and in this embodiment, the number of the pot body units is 6. When using the potting device, different types of fertilizers are added to the cavities of different pot body units, which helps to avoid the fertilizers from being mixed and stored for a long time, causing the fertilizers to deteriorate or react and become ineffective.

[0040] In another feasible embodiment, the basin body is an integral whole, the side walls and the bottom wall of the basin body are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, a plurality of partitions are arranged in the cavity, the partitions are arranged along the radial direction of the basin body and divide the cavity in the basin body wall into a plurality of chambers, different types of fertilizers can be added into different chambers, and different fertilizers can also be added separately.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each basin unit is connected to a water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3; the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 is vertically arranged, with an opening at the top and a bottom end connected to the cavity of the bottom wall 2 of the basin. In order to facilitate the overflow of water and fertilizer from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 and realize the controllable "slow release" of water and fertilizer, the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 is higher than the surface of the soil in the basin and lower than the fertilizer inlet 1. In order to prevent the biochar from overflowing with the water and fertilizer, a filter 4 for intercepting the biochar is installed at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 A drainage pipe 6 is connected to one side of each water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3. The drainage pipe 6 includes a detachably connected upper section and a lower section. A biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particle 7 for slow-release bacterial fertilizer is connected between the upper section and the lower section of the drainage pipe 6. The top of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 is connected to one side of the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3. The bottom of the lower section of the drainage pipe 6 is connected to a biochar cake 8 for fertilizer and water retention. The drainage pipe 6 is inserted into the soil so that the biochar cake 8 is located in the middle and lower soil layers.

[0043] In this embodiment, the top outer wall of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 is attached to the top outer wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3, and the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3, so that when the water and fertilizer overflow from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3, most of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, and a small part of the water and fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe 6. In order to prevent the amount of water and fertilizer entering the drainage pipe 6 from being too small, the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 and the drainage pipe 6 can be square pipes, so that the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 and the drainage pipe 6 have sufficient contact area.

[0044] In other feasible implementations, a pipe may also be connected between the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 and the top of the water-fertilizer delivery pipe 3 to guide the water and fertilizer overflowing from one side of the water-fertilizer delivery pipe 3 into the drainage pipe 6 .

[0045] In order to facilitate the connection between the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipe 6 and the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7, refer to Figure 3 The biochar-based fertilizer particles 7 are cylindrical and have a through hole for the drainage tube 6 to be inserted along the axial direction. The upper and lower sections of the drainage tube 6 are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7. In order to facilitate the water and fertilizer to wet the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7, a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section of the drainage tube 6 and the top end of the lower section for the water and fertilizer to flow out.

[0046] Further, refer to Figure 3 The drainage pipe 6 is arranged at an angle, and its inclination direction is from top to bottom and opens outward from the center of the pot body, so as to guide the plant roots to grow downward and stretch outward at the same time.

[0047] The implementation principle of a biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer retention and water retention potting device in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the pot body and the biochar-based suspended fertilizer filled in the cavity of the pot body wall form an insulation layer around the soil. The insulation layer absorbs and stores heat during the day when there is sunlight, and releases heat at night when the temperature is low, so as to maintain the temperature of the potted soil. The water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 and the pot body unit form a U-shaped pipe structure. When the liquid level in the cavity of the pot body unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3, the water and fertilizer overflow from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3. Most of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, and a small part of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe 6 and directly reaches the middle and lower layers of the soil, reducing the volatilization and loss of water and fertilizer. When the water and fertilizer liquid entering the drainage pipe 6 passes through the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles 7, it wets the particle column and induces the dissolution and release of bacterial fertilizer; the water and fertilizer in the drainage pipe 6 further flows to the biochar cake 8 to be adsorbed and fixed, so as to achieve fertilizer and water retention at the bottom of the soil. In this way, the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release and lower water storage are achieved in the potted plants.

[0048] Taking kumquat potted plants as an example, the following describes a biochar-based potted planting method that preserves heat, fertilizer and water using the above-mentioned potted plant device.

[0049] Example 1 The present application embodiment discloses a biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation: including the preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules and biochar cakes, as follows: Step 1.1, preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer: The main body of the fertilizer is a mixture of biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, which is a winter basic fertilizer for kumquat. The preparation method is as follows: Fir wood was pyrolyzed at 800℃ for 2h to obtain biochar. Corn stalks, rice stalks and chicken manure were used as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportions, and a decomposing agent (5% of the mixture mass of Bacillus subtilis) was added for high temperature fermentation (≥70℃), and the pile was turned over several times to fully decompose to make biomass organic fertilizer. Biochar and biomass organic fertilizer were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:19, and then the mixture and water were adjusted to an appropriate concentration in a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0050] Biochar was mixed with commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 1:9:3:3:2:2, and the mixture was then adjusted with water to a suitable concentration in a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0051] Finally, the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed at a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0052] Step 1.2, preparation of biochar-based fertilizer particles: pyrolyze rice husk at 350°C for 2h to obtain biochar, mix 0.5g of Bacillus subtilis powder with 200ml of deionized water to obtain Bacillus subtilis solution, mix the biochar and 200ml of Bacillus subtilis solution at a mass ratio of 1:100, stir and adsorb, and then dry at 30°C to obtain biochar-based Bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, and finally form it into cylindrical particles with a height of 20mm and a radius of 5mm through molding and granulation, and set a through hole with a radius of 2.5mm inside the particle, which is the biochar-based fertilizer particle.

[0053] Step 1.3, preparation of biochar cakes: pyrolyze natural wood at 625-675°C for 2h to activate biochar, which is then formed into round cakes with a height of 5 mm and a radius of 10 mm through molding and granulation, namely biochar cakes.

[0054] Step 2: Installation of potted plants and planting of plants: A plurality of pot units are enclosed and fixed to form a pot, a water and fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot, and a filter is installed on the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; soil is filled in the middle and lower part of the pot, and the biochar cake and the lower section of the drainage pipe are connected and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot, and the biochar-based fertilizer particles and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected in sequence to the lower section of the drainage pipe, and then kumquat seedlings are transplanted and planted.

[0055] Step 3: Plant cultivation: Biochar-based suspended fertilizer is injected into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspended fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, and releases heat in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm. When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the pot unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the biochar is retained in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe by the filter net. Most of the overflowed water and fertilizer enter the soil, and a small part of the overflowed water and fertilizer enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release the bacterial agent under the action of the water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes to retain water and fertilizer in the lower soil layer.

[0056] Example 2 The embodiment of the present application discloses a biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer retention and water retention. The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the fertilizer main body of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer used in step 1.1 is a mixture of biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, which is a special fertilizer (calcium-magnesium fertilizer) for kumquat in summer and autumn, and its preparation method is as follows: The fir wood was pyrolyzed at 800℃ for 2h to obtain biochar. A commercially available high-nitrogen and high-potassium formula fertilizer (18-5-22) was selected as a quick-acting fertilizer, and the biochar and quick-acting fertilizer were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:19, and then the mixture was adjusted to a suitable concentration with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, the large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0057] Biochar was mixed with commercially available quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:7:5:4:3, and water was added to the mixture to adjust the mixture to a suitable concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0058] Finally, the biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0059] Example 3 The present application example discloses a biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer retention and water retention. The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer main body of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer used in step 1.1 is a mixture of biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, which is a spring flower bud differentiation fertilizer for kumquat, and its preparation method is as follows: Fir wood was pyrolyzed at 800℃ for 2h to obtain biochar. Corn stalks, rice stalks and chicken manure were used as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportions, and a decomposing agent (5% of the mixture mass of Bacillus subtilis) was added for high temperature fermentation (≥70℃), and the pile was turned over several times to fully decompose to make biomass organic fertilizer. Biochar and biomass organic fertilizer were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:19, and then the mixture was adjusted to a suitable concentration with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0060] Biochar was mixed with commercially available borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:8:8:3, and then the mixture was adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0061] Finally, the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0062] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 uses an ordinary potted container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potted device used in Example 1), the fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 1 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 1.

[0063] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules used in Comparative Example 1 do not contain biochar, and the specific preparation method is as follows: Preparation of suspension fertilizer: The main body of the fertilizer is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in suspension, and its preparation method is as follows: Corn stalks, rice stalks and chicken manure are used as raw materials. After being crushed and mixed in equal proportions, a decomposing agent (5% of the mixture mass of Bacillus subtilis) is added for high temperature fermentation (≥70°C), and the pile is turned over several times for full decomposition to make biomass organic fertilizer. It is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension, and finally the large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0064] Commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:3:3:2:2, and then the mixture is adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to a suitable concentration to form a suspension, and finally large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0065] Finally, the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0066] Preparation of bacterial fertilizer granules: Bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, deionized water and binder (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, and cylindrical particles with a height of 20 mm and a radius of 5 mm are formed by molding and granulation. Through holes with a radius of 2.5 mm are set inside the particles to obtain bacterial fertilizer particles.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 2 is that Example 2 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 2), the fertilizer applied in Example 2 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 2.

[0068] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules applied in Comparative Example 2 do not contain biochar, wherein the preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer granules is the same as that of Comparative Example 1; the fertilizer main body of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of suspension quick-acting fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the suspension, and the specific preparation method is as follows: A commercially available high-nitrogen and high-potassium formula fertilizer (18-5-22) was selected as a quick-acting fertilizer, which was mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a suspension quick-acting fertilizer.

[0069] Commercially available quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:5:4:3, and then water is added to the mixture to adjust the mixture to a suitable concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0070] Finally, the suspension quick-acting fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0071] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that Comparative Example 3 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 3), the fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 3 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 3.

[0072] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules applied in Comparative Example 3 do not contain biochar, wherein the preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer granules is the same as that of Comparative Example 1; the fertilizer main body of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the suspension, and the specific preparation method is as follows: Corn stalks, rice stalks and chicken manure are used as raw materials. After being crushed and mixed in equal proportions, a decomposing agent (5% of the mixture mass of Bacillus subtilis) is added for high temperature fermentation (≥70°C), and the pile is turned over several times for full decomposition to make biomass organic fertilizer. It is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension, and finally the large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0073] Commercially available borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:8:3, and then the mixture is adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to a suitable concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0074] Finally, the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0075] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 2 is that Comparative Example 4 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 2), and the method of applying the bacterial agent is: after dissolving 0.5g of Bacillus subtilis powder in 100ml of water, it is directly mixed with the potting soil.

[0076] Index test: The kumquat potted plants in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in winter for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Physical and chemical indexes of soil after 30 days of potted kumquat cultivation in winter

[0077] The kumquat potted plants in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in summer for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Some physical and chemical indicators of soil after 30 days of kumquat potting in summer and autumn

[0078] The kumquat potted plants in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in spring for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 3: Table 3 Physical and chemical indexes of soil after 30 days of potted kumquat cultivation in spring

[0079] The kumquat potted plants in Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 were cultivated at room temperature for 180 days, and a small amount of soil samples were taken on the 10th day and the 180th day (the sampling position was the middle of the potted plants, and multiple points were collected and mixed), and a gradient dilution plate count test was performed. The test results of the effective viable bacteria count in the potted soil are shown in Table 4: Table 4 Comparison of Bacillus subtilis counts in kumquat potted soil

[0080] From the results of Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, it can be seen that the soil pH of the embodiment is higher than the soil pH of the corresponding comparative example. The main reason is that the alkalinity of biochar can neutralize the soil acidity, and by exchanging with the hydrogen ions in the soil, the pH value of the soil is increased to meet the optimal pH of 5.5-6.5 for kumquat. At the same time, the nutrient elements in the biochar itself, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., can also provide nutritional support for the soil and further improve the soil environment. In addition, under the condition of applying fertilizers of equal quality, the comparative example is directly applied, and the embodiment is that the fertilizer is adsorbed and slowly released by biochar in combination with the potting device structure, which reduces the soil acidification caused by excessive application and aggregation of fertilizers from the source.

[0081] Since the biochar in the outer insulation layer of the soil has the function of absorbing light and storing heat, the soil temperature of the embodiment is significantly higher than the soil temperature of the corresponding comparison example.

[0082] Trace elements are part of the basic fertilizer for kumquats and need to be supplemented, but the key is "micro". Plants cannot absorb them in excess, nor can they be lost naturally. The embodiment uses the potting device structure to allow water and fertilizer to overflow in a controllable manner, achieving "slow release"; on the other hand, the porosity and large specific surface area of ​​biochar enable it to effectively adsorb and fix nutrients, achieve "slow release" and reduce leaching losses during watering, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer conservation and improving nutrient utilization efficiency. At the same time, the water and fertilizer under drainage promote the proliferation and reproduction of bacterial agents, decompose soil organic matter, and increase available nutrients in the soil, further making the content of trace elements in the embodiment higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.

[0083] Furthermore, thanks to the drainage effect of the drainage pipe on water and fertilizer and the water-holding effect of the biochar fertilizer particles and biochar cakes, the water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced, making the moisture content of the embodiment significantly higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.

[0084] From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that Example 2 uses biochar-based fertilizer particles in combination with a potted plant device to achieve slow release of the microbial agent. During the cultivation period, the number of effective live bacteria remains stable and meets the national standards for agricultural microbial agents. Comparative Example 4 directly mixes the bacterial powder with the soil, and the number of effective live bacteria is significantly reduced at the end of the cultivation period. This shows that the use of the biochar-based fertilizer particles provided by the present application in combination with the potted plant device can significantly prolong the growth and reproduction time of the microbial agent, and the fertilizer effect is more lasting.

[0085] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, characterized by: include: The basin body is formed by a plurality of basin body units, each of which comprises a basin body side wall and a basin body bottom wall, the basin body side wall and the basin body bottom wall are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and the cavity is used to store biochar-based suspended fertilizer; the upper edge of the basin body side wall is provided with a fertilizer inlet connected to the cavity; A plurality of water and fertilizer delivery pipes corresponding to the plurality of the basin units one by one; the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are vertically arranged, with an opening at the top and a bottom end connected to the cavity of the bottom wall of the basin; the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe is higher than the surface of the soil in the basin and lower than the fertilizer inlet; A plurality of drainage pipes correspond one to one with the plurality of water and fertilizer delivery pipes, the drainage pipes include a detachably connected upper section and a lower section, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slow-release bacterial fertilizer are connected between the upper section and the lower section of the drainage pipe, the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is communicated with one side of the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the bottom of the lower section of the drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for retaining fertilizer and water; the drainage pipes are inserted into the soil so that the biochar cakes are located in the middle and lower soil layers.

2. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basin unit is transparent, so that the biochar-based suspended fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb light and store heat.

3. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter screen is arranged at the top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

4. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the basin units is 4-6, and the types of biochar-based suspended fertilizers stored in the cavities of the basin units are the same or different.

5. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top outer wall of the upper section of the drainage pipe is attached to the top outer wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

6. A biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles are provided with a through hole for inserting a drainage pipe, the upper section and the lower section of the drainage pipe are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, and a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section of the drainage pipe and the top end of the lower section for water and fertilizer to flow out.

7. The biochar-based potted plant device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage tube is arranged in an inclined manner, and its inclined direction is from top to bottom and opens outwards from the center of the basin body.

8. A biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water conservation, characterized in that: A biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the following steps: Material preparation: mixing one or more of biomass organic fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer, medium and trace element fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension fertilizer; mixing biochar with bacterial liquid and drying and granulating to obtain biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles; granulating biochar to obtain biochar cakes; Installation of potted plant device and planting of plants: multiple pot units are enclosed and fixed to form a pot, and the water and fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot; soil is filled in the middle and lower part of the pot, and the biochar cake and the lower section of the drainage pipe are connected and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot, and the biochar-based fertilizer particles and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected in sequence to the lower section of the drainage pipe, and then the plant seedlings are transplanted; Plant cultivation: Inject biochar-based suspended fertilizer into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspended fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, and releases heat in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm. When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the pot unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and part of the water and fertilizer enters the soil, and the other part enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release the bacterial agent under the action of the water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, retaining water and fertilizer in the lower soil layer.

9. A biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir, the biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice husk, and the biochar in the biochar cake is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.

10. A biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The potted plant installation step also includes: installing a filter screen at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; when the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar is intercepted by the filter screen in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

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