Intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of high-temperature heat damage and fire blast of mine

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of mine high-temperature heat damage and fire blast, which belongs to the technical field of mine disaster safety monitoring and comprises a mine high-temperature heat damage prevention and control module, a fire blast damage prevention and control module, a data processing module and a communication module, the mine high-temperature heat damage prevention and control module continuously collects real-time environment temperature data and environment humidity data in a mine at preset interval time; the data processing module obtains data and then carries out iterative calculation to obtain miner human body thermal physiological reaction indexes at the current moment, the miner human body thermal physiological reaction indexes are substituted into the mine longest working time model, and therefore the longest working time of miners is obtained and countdown is carried out; and when the longest working time is zero, the data processing module sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module. According to the method, the human body temperature is accurately calculated through the environment temperature and humidity, whether miners reach the working bearing limit or not at the current temperature can be more accurately judged, and therefore the purpose of preventing and treating mine high-temperature heat damage is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mine disaster safety monitoring and surveillance, and more specifically, relates to an intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, mine safety in my country has gradually improved. However, as the depth of mining increases, high temperature heat damage has become a major threat to the health of workers. In addition, explosion hazards such as gas and fire still threaten mine safety as the main disasters. The rapid development of Internet of Things technology helps to ensure mine safety.

[0003] With the development of my country's scientific and technological level, my country's coal mines have gradually entered the deep mining stage. When the mining depth exceeds one kilometer, the temperature of the rock layer will exceed the human body temperature. Even after mechanical cooling measures are taken, the temperature is still higher than 30°C. When physical labor is carried out for a long time in a hot and humid environment, it is very easy to cause heatstroke to the workers. When it develops into heat stroke, it may even endanger the life safety of the workers. High temperature heat damage has become another major mine disaster after the five traditional disasters of roof, gas, fire, water and dust. The new version of the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" in my country in 2016 also stipulates that "when the air temperature of the mining face exceeds 26°C and the electromechanical equipment chamber exceeds 30°C, the working hours of the workers at the over-temperature location must be shortened, and high temperature health care treatment must be given." It can be seen that the prevention and control of high temperature heat damage is one of the important safety protection tasks underground. At present, the control technology of high temperature heat damage in mines mainly adopts source control technology, that is, different technologies are adopted according to different heat sources to control high temperature heat damage in a targeted manner. For example, for heat dissipation from surrounding rocks, the U-shaped geothermal docking well technology is adopted; for heat dissipation from electromechanical equipment, the vortex tube refrigeration and cooling technology is adopted; for heat generated by explosions, measures to increase air volume are taken, etc. It is not difficult to find that the source control technology is to take measures from the heat generating end to reduce the generation of heat, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling high temperature heat damage. However, the existing method of taking measures from the heat receiving end (i.e. the human body) is relatively lacking.

[0004] At the same time, gas and fire still threaten the safe production of mines as traditional mine disasters. Due to the limitations of the terrain and space in the mine, gas is easy to accumulate in the mine, which leads to the danger of gas combustion and gas explosion. Poor electrical contact, illegal operation, gunfire, heat generated by mechanical operation igniting surrounding combustibles, etc. can cause underground fires. Gas combustion, gas explosion and fire are collectively referred to as combustion and explosion. According to relevant data published by the State Administration of Work Safety and the National Bureau of Statistics of my country, from 2001 to 2013, combustion and explosion accounted for about 80% of the particularly serious accidents in my country's coal mines. It can be seen that combustion and explosion accidents are one of the major risk factors affecting the safe production of coal mines. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and treatment of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines, thereby solving the technical problem of the lack of individualized prevention and treatment of high-temperature heat damage for miners in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines, comprising a safety helmet body and a mine high-temperature heat damage prevention module, a data processing module and an alarm module arranged on the safety helmet body;

[0007] The mine high temperature heat damage prevention module is used to continuously collect real-time ambient temperature data and ambient humidity data in the mine at preset intervals, and transmit the ambient temperature data and ambient humidity data to the data processing module;

[0008] The data processing module is used to obtain the ambient temperature data and the ambient humidity data and then iteratively calculate to obtain the miner's human body thermal physiological response index at the current moment, substitute the miner's human body thermal physiological response index into the mine's longest working time model to obtain the miner's longest working time and count down; when the longest working time is zero, the data processing module sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module.

[0009] Preferably, the mine high temperature heat damage prevention and control module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is arranged on the safety helmet and connected to the data processing module.

[0010] Preferably, the mine high temperature heat damage prevention and control module also includes a cooling component arranged on the safety helmet body, the cooling component includes a fan cover and a fan, the fan cover is arranged outside the fan, when the maximum working time is zero, the data processing module sends a cooling instruction to the cooling component, driving the fan of the cooling component to start cooling.

[0011] Preferably, the alarm module is a buzzer.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a display module arranged on the helmet body, and the display module is an OLED display screen, which is used to display the current maximum working time countdown in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the data processing module is a STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer chip.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a combustion and explosion hazard prevention and control module, which is used to monitor the gas concentration data in the mine in real time and send the gas concentration data to the data processing module. When the gas concentration exceeds a preset value, the data processing module sends an alarm command to the alarm module; the combustion and explosion hazard prevention and control module is also used to monitor the flame information in the mine in real time. When a flame is detected in the mine, the data processing module sends an alarm command to the alarm module.

[0015] Preferably, the explosion hazard prevention module includes a five-way flame sensor and a methane gas sensor arranged on the safety helmet, and the five-way flame sensor and the methane gas sensor are respectively connected to the data processing module.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a communication module, which is connected to the data processing module; when the maximum working time is zero, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server controls the start-up of the underground ventilation fan in the mine to reduce the ambient temperature of the mine; when it is monitored that the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server controls the start-up of the underground ventilation fan in the mine to reduce the gas concentration in the mine; when it is monitored that there is a flame in the mine, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server establishes communication with the miners in the mine to organize the extinguishing of the flame or rapid evacuation.

[0017] Preferably, the communication module includes a LoRa terminal module arranged on the helmet, and the LoRa terminal module transmits the instruction information to the external application server in a wireless manner through the LoRa gateway module and the network server in sequence.

[0018] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0019] 1. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines proposed by the present invention continuously collects real-time ambient temperature data and ambient humidity data in the mine at preset intervals. Iterative calculation is used to obtain the miner's human body thermal physiological response index at the current moment, and the miner's human body thermal physiological response index is substituted into the mine's longest working time model to obtain the miner's longest working time and count down. Compared with the method of taking measures from the heat generation end in the existing mine high-temperature heat damage prevention and control technology, individual measures can be taken from the heat receiving end, so as to judge whether the miner has reached the work tolerance limit at the current temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling high-temperature heat damage.

[0020] 2. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines proposed by the present invention can achieve the purpose of dual prevention of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines by setting a high-temperature heat damage prevention module and an explosion hazard prevention module, which is of great significance to mine safety production.

[0021] 3. The smart helmet for dual prevention of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines proposed by the present invention has a LoRa terminal module installed on each smart helmet. The LoRa terminal module transmits the information to be transmitted to the LoRa gateway module first, and the LoRa gateway module transmits the information to the network server, and the network server transmits the information to the application server. In this way, a one-to-many communication mode of one computer to one LoRa gateway module to multiple LoRa terminal modules is formed from top to bottom, realizing reliable and efficient communication underground. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a top view schematic diagram of the intelligent safety helmet structure for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 1. It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the intelligent safety helmet structure for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the communication mode of the intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines of the present invention.

[0025] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same elements or structures, including: 1-safety helmet; 2-STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer chip; 3-OLED display screen; 4-gas sensor; 5-five-way flame sensor; 6-temperature and humidity sensor; 7-fan cover; 8-buzzer; 9-LoRa terminal module; 10-fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention proposes an intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention and control of high-temperature heat damage and explosion in mines, including a mine high-temperature heat damage prevention module, an explosion hazard prevention module, a data processing module, an alarm module and a communication module.

[0028] To further explain, the mine high temperature heat damage prevention and control module first establishes a mine maximum working time model based on the PHS (Predicted Heat Strain) model, a human heat stress prediction model under high temperature working environment. The human heat stress prediction model is established on the basis of the human body heat balance equation, taking into account human physiological parameters such as human height, weight, metabolic rate, and external environmental factors such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, clothing heat permeability, and clothing breathability and moisture dissipation performance. The human sweat rate, core temperature, rectal temperature, and other reference indicators for measuring human thermal physiological responses are calculated through numerical iteration methods. When the reference indicator exceeds the standard, the working time is the longest working time. In order to simplify the calculation, only the rectal temperature t is selected in the present invention. re,i In addition, in order to establish a model of the longest working time in a mine that is actually applied to Chinese mines, the present invention selects the physiological parameters of Chinese miners for calculation, and the model of the longest working time in a mine that is actually applied to mines is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Where i is the time step, in units of min; t re,i is the rectal temperature at time i, in °C, with an initial value of 36.8 °C; t cr,i is the core temperature at time i, in °C, with an initial value of 36.8 °C. The value at time i is calculated using formula (2).

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, α i is the skin temperature coefficient at time i, the initial value is set to 0.3, and the value at time i is calculated by formula (3); dS i is the heat accumulation rate corresponding to time step i, in W / m 2 , calculated by formula (4); c sp is the heat capacity of the human body, in W / (m 2 ·K), calculated by formula (8); t sk is the skin temperature in °C, and its value is set to 34.1 °C.

[0033]

[0034] dS i =E req -E p -dS eq (4)

[0035] In the formula, E req is the required evaporation heat flow rate, in W / m 2, calculated by formula (5); E p is the expected evaporation heat flow rate, in W / m 2 , set to 0 to simplify the calculation; dS eq The heat accumulation rate corresponding to the increase in core temperature caused by metabolism, in W / m 2 , calculated by equations (8) to (11).

[0036] E req =M-dS eq -WC res -E res -CR (5)

[0037] Where M is the metabolic rate of the human body, the unit is W / m 2 , M is calculated by equations (6) and (7); dS eq The heat accumulation rate corresponding to the increase in core temperature caused by metabolism, in W / m 2 , calculated by equations (8) to (11); W is the mechanical work done by the human body, in W / m 2 ; C res and E res They are the convective heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation caused by breathing, in W / m 2 , calculated by formulas (12) to (14). C and R are the heat exchange between the skin and the external environment in the form of heat convection and heat radiation, respectively, in W / m 2 , calculated by formula (15).

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, R Q V is the respiratory entropy, with a value of 0.83 to 1.00. The value of moderate-intensity labor in coal mines is generally 0.86 to 0.90, while most types of work in high-temperature mines are heavy labor intensity, and the value is selected as 1.00; O2 is the oxygen consumption under standard conditions, in L / h. High-temperature mines are considered heavy-intensity labor, so the value is 72 L / h. D is the surface area of ​​human skin, in m 2 , calculated by formula (7).

[0040] A D =0.202B 0.425 L 0.725 (7)

[0041] Where B is body weight in kg, which is the average weight of Chinese miners, 70 kg. L is body height in m, which is the average height of Chinese miners, 1.71 m.

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, c sp is the heat capacity of the human body, in W / (m 2 K);

[0044] dS eq =c sp (t cr,eq,i -t cr,eq,i-1 )×(1-α i-1 ) (9)

[0045] In the formula, t cr,eq,i is the core temperature corresponding to the metabolic level at time step i, in °C, with an initial value of 36.8 °C. The value at time i is calculated by equations (10) and (11).

[0046] t cr,eq,m =0.0036×(M-55)+36.8 (10)

[0047] In the formula, t cr,eq,m is the core temperature at steady state corresponding to the metabolic level, in °C.

[0048] t cr,eq,i =t cr,eq,i-1 ×e -0.1 +t cr,eq,m ×(1-e -0.1 ) (11)

[0049] C res =0.00152M(28.56+0.885T a +0.641P a ) (12)

[0050] E res =0.00127M(59.34+0.53T a -11.63P a ) (13)

[0051] Where, T a is the air temperature in °C, and the temperature data is collected by the BME280 temperature and humidity sensor described below; P a is the water vapor partial pressure, in kPa, determined by formula (10):

[0052]

[0053] Where RH is relative humidity, and humidity data is collected by the BME280 temperature and humidity sensor described below.

[0054]

[0055] Where, t sk is the skin temperature, in °C, and its value is set to 34.1 °C; I c is the thermal resistance of clothing, in m 2 ·K / W, because the clothes worn by underground miners are the same, the thermal resistance of ordinary work clothes is 0.164m 2 ·K / W.

[0056] At this point, as long as the BME280 temperature and humidity sensor described below collects the ambient temperature and humidity data, substitute them into equations (1) to (15), and calculate according to a certain time step i, the rectal temperature t corresponding to time i can be obtained. re,i . Rectal temperature of Chinese population re,i The upper limit of safety is 38.9℃, so 38.9℃ is set as the critical temperature index for thermal injury. re,i The operating time when the temperature exceeds 38.9°C is the longest operating time, as shown in the following formula (16).

[0057] Time = n × i (16)

[0058] Where Time is the longest working time in min, n is the number of iterations, and i is the time step. The model of the longest working time in actual mines in China has been established.

[0059] Secondly, the single-chip microcomputer, sensors and peripheral devices are used to implement hardware operations to achieve the purpose of high temperature heat damage warning and prevention. The smart helmet is equipped with a BME280 sensor module for measuring ambient temperature and humidity. The temperature measurement range of the sensor module is 0℃~65℃, and the measurement error is

[0060] ±0.5℃, with a resolution of 0.1℃. The measurement range of relative humidity is 0% to 100%, with a measurement error of ±2% and a resolution of 0.8%. The sensor module meets the precision and accuracy requirements of temperature and humidity measurement. The smart helmet is equipped with a single-chip microcomputer chip STC89C52RC as an operator and controller. The chip is pre-burned with the program code of the mine's longest working time model composed of formulas (1) to (16). BME280 collects ambient temperature and ambient humidity every minute, and the measured data is input into the single-chip microcomputer chip as input variables. On the one hand, the single-chip microcomputer calculates the mine's longest working time model, outputs the longest working time of the miner under this working condition, and counts down; on the other hand, the single-chip microcomputer transmits the ambient temperature and ambient humidity data to the communication module. A 0.96-inch OLED display is installed on the smart helmet as a display, which can display the current working time countdown in real time. When the ambient temperature and humidity change, the working time countdown calculated according to the mine's longest working time model also changes. For example, when the ambient temperature rises and the humidity increases, the workers will feel hotter, so the maximum working time calculated according to the mine's maximum working time model should be reduced. An active buzzer is installed on the smart helmet as an alarm. When the working time countdown reaches zero, the microcontroller controls the buzzer to sound an alarm, reminding the workers to go to the rest area as soon as possible. At the same time, a small fan is also installed on the smart helmet. When the human rectal temperature calculated by the mine's maximum working time model is too high, the microcontroller controls the fan to start to cool the human body.

[0061] Further explanation, the explosion hazard prevention module uses single-chip microcomputer, sensors and peripheral devices to realize hardware operation to achieve the purpose of explosion hazard warning. The smart helmet is equipped with MJC4 / 2.5L mining catalytic combustion gas sensor, and the output end of the sensor is connected to the I / O port of the single-chip microcomputer STC89C52RC. The measurement range of the sensor is 0-100% LEL, the sensitivity to methane gas is 20-40mV / 1% methane, the sensitivity to propane is 30-60mV / 1% propane, and the response time is less than 10 seconds, which meets the precision and accuracy requirements of gas monitoring. The explosion limit of gas is 5%-16%. When the gas sensor detects that the gas concentration is 7500ppm, the single-chip microcomputer controls the buzzer to sound an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the communication module at the same time. The smart helmet is equipped with a YS-17 five-way flame sensor, and the output end of the sensor is connected to the I / O port of the single-chip microcomputer. The sensor detects flame angles between 0 and 120° and detects short-wave near-infrared rays in the range of 700 to 1100 nm, meeting the requirements of flame monitoring. When the flame sensor detects a flame, the microcontroller controls the buzzer to sound an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the communication module at the same time.

[0062] Further explanation, the communication module consists of a LoRa terminal module, a LoRa gateway module, a network server and an application server. Each smart helmet is equipped with a LoRa terminal module of model A39C-T400A30S1a, with a frequency band of 410-490MHz, an IPEX antenna, a power of 30dBm, and a maximum distance of 10km, which can meet the needs of underground communication. Since the LoRa terminal module cannot communicate directly with the computer, it is necessary to add a LoRa gateway module as a communication medium between the smart helmet and the computer. The selected LoRa gateway module model is A700-SSL (02), which has the functions of data temporary storage and disconnection reconnection, ensuring the successful transmission of data. At the same time, the LoRa gateway module has a LoRa wake-up function, that is, it disconnects when there is no data communication within the specified time and enters a dormant state to reduce power consumption. In the underground working environment, power saving is even more important. The LoRa wake-up function of the LoRa gateway module allows the LoRa gateway module to start receiving data only when it receives an alarm signal from the single-chip microcomputer, which is more power-saving. Considering that there are many workers underground, the LoRa module adopts a point-to-multiple communication mode. One LoRa gateway module communicates with multiple LoRa terminal modules, that is, one LoRa gateway module communicates with multiple smart helmets. When a smart helmet receives an alarm that the ambient temperature is too high or the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the LoRa terminal module transmits the alarm signal to the LoRa gateway module, and the LoRa gateway module transmits the information to the network server, and the network server transmits the information to the application server. The computer equipped with the application server controls the underground ventilator to achieve the purpose of cooling or reducing the gas concentration.

[0063] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines, characterized in that: It includes a safety helmet body and a mine high temperature heat damage prevention and control module, a data processing module and an alarm module arranged on the safety helmet body; The mine high temperature heat damage prevention module is used to continuously collect real-time ambient temperature data and ambient humidity data in the mine at preset intervals, and transmit the ambient temperature data and ambient humidity data to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to obtain the ambient temperature data and the ambient humidity data and then iteratively calculate to obtain the miner's human body thermal physiological response index at the current moment, substitute the miner's human body thermal physiological response index into the mine's longest working time model to obtain the miner's longest working time and count down; when the longest working time is zero, the data processing module sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module.

2. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mine high temperature heat damage prevention and control module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is arranged on the safety helmet and connected to the data processing module.

3. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mine high-temperature heat damage prevention and control module also includes a cooling component arranged on the safety helmet body, and the cooling component includes a fan cover and a fan, and the fan cover is arranged outside the fan; when the maximum working time is zero, the data processing module sends a cooling instruction to the cooling component, driving the fan of the cooling component to start cooling.

4. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alarm module is a buzzer.

5. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a display module arranged on the helmet body, and the display module is an OLED display screen for displaying the current maximum working time countdown in real time.

6. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data processing module is a STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer chip.

7. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a combustion and explosion hazard prevention and control module, which is used to monitor the gas concentration data in the mine in real time and send the gas concentration data to the data processing module. When the gas concentration exceeds a preset value, the data processing module sends an alarm command to the alarm module; the combustion and explosion hazard prevention and control module is also used to monitor the flame information in the mine in real time. When a flame is detected in the mine, the data processing module sends an alarm command to the alarm module.

8. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The explosion hazard prevention module comprises a five-way flame sensor and a methane gas sensor which are arranged on the safety helmet, and the five-way flame sensor and the methane gas sensor are respectively connected to the data processing module.

9. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a communication module, which is connected to the data processing module; when the maximum working time is zero, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server controls the start-up of the underground ventilation fan in the mine to reduce the ambient temperature of the mine; when it is monitored that the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server controls the start-up of the underground ventilation fan in the mine to reduce the gas concentration in the mine; when it is monitored that there is a flame in the mine, the communication module is used to send instruction information to the external application server, and the external application server establishes communication with the miners in the mine to organize the extinguishing of the flame or rapid evacuation.

10. The intelligent safety helmet for dual prevention of high temperature heat damage and explosion in mines according to claim 9, characterized in that: The communication module includes a LoRa terminal module arranged on the helmet, and the LoRa terminal module transmits the instruction information to the external application server in a wireless manner through the LoRa gateway module and the network server in sequence.

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