Dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with mode diversity

Abstract

A dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with mode diversity belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, comprises a metal floor, Vivaldi antenna left and right ridge metal radiators, a conical monopole antenna, a dielectric polarization converter and two coaxial feed wires, and adopts a side coaxial line for feeding; wherein the metal radiator and the conical monopole radiator are of a composite integrated structure; the interior of the conical monopole radiator is hollow, and the two metal radiators are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the conical monopole radiator. According to the antenna, dual-frequency dual polarization is achieved, microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands can be covered, the two frequency bands are mutually independent and wide, and the antenna has an omnidirectional radiation mode and a directional radiation mode at the same time; the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna with multi-mode diversity has a good and stable omnidirectional radiation pattern in a microwave band, is in a circular polarization radiation mode in a millimeter wave band, has high-gain directional radiation capability, and can be applied to various applications such as UWB (Ultra Wideband), 5G millimeter wave communication and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and relates to a dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, communication services are covering a wider range of fields. 5G uses the Sub-6GHz band and millimeter wave band of the microwave frequency band. At present, microwave frequency band resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and millimeter waves can achieve a wider bandwidth coverage range, providing conditions for 5G communication to achieve dozens of times higher speed transmission, while laying the foundation for the long-distance transmission of 6G communication.

[0003] Omnidirectional antennas play an important role in providing wide wireless signal coverage, saving energy and enhancing network scalability with their advantages of omnidirectional coverage, cost-effectiveness, easy installation and maintenance, strong compatibility and support for multi-device connections. They are particularly suitable for wireless communication environments that require wide coverage and multi-user access. Circularly polarized antennas can improve communication quality due to their advantages in resisting polarization mismatch and multipath fading. Since millimeter wave band signals are easily affected by multipath effects, circularly polarized antennas are suitable for millimeter wave band communications to improve the quality of 5G millimeter wave communications. Therefore, the application prospects of circularly polarized antennas in 5G millimeter wave technology are very broad.

[0004] Combining the advantages of omnidirectional antennas and circularly polarized antennas, the present invention aims to design a shared aperture antenna that can achieve omnidirectional radiation in the microwave band and directional radiation in the millimeter wave band. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-polarization shared aperture antenna that covers both microwave and millimeter wave application frequency bands. The antenna can cover various application frequency bands such as 4G LTE, 5G Sub-6GHz, 5G n257 and n258, WIFI, UWB, etc., and can be particularly used in various applications such as UWB and 5G millimeter wave communications.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity, the dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna comprising a conical monopole metal radiator and its extended outer ring, left and right ridges of a Vivaldi antenna metal radiator, a dielectric polarization converter, a reflective floor, and two coaxial feeding connections. The main body of the dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna is a three-part composite integrated structure, including the left and right ridge metal radiators of the Vivaldi antenna and the conical monopole radiator. The conical monopole radiator is hollow inside and serves as a radiator in the microwave band. There are two Vivaldi antenna metal radiators, both made of metal, symmetrically placed at the bottom of the conical monopole radiator, serving as a radiator in the millimeter wave band, and side coaxial line feeding is used to replace the traditional microstrip line coupling feeding method. Specifically:

[0008] The reflective floor is a square metal floor 1, a conical monopole metal radiator with a hollow interior is arranged above the square metal floor 1, and the dielectric polarization converter 2 is placed directly above the conical monopole antenna 5. The square metal floor 1 is provided with a via A8.

[0009] The conical monopole metal radiator is a conical monopole antenna 5, and an extended outer ring is provided on the top of the conical monopole antenna 5, that is, a metal ring extends horizontally from the edge of the conical monopole antenna 5, which is used to fix the nylon column during processing to maintain structural stability.

[0010] The metal radiator of the Vivaldi antenna is arranged inside the conical monopole antenna 5, and includes two symmetrical structures, namely the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0011] There are two coaxial feeder connections, including a coaxial line A6 located directly below the conical monopole antenna 5 and a coaxial line B7 on the side. The coaxial line A6 is welded and fixed to the conical monopole antenna 5 through a via 8A on the metal floor 1. Specifically, the inner conductor of the coaxial line A6 is welded and connected to the conical monopole antenna 5 through the via 8A, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line A6 is connected to the metal floor 1. The inner conductor of the coaxial line B7 is connected to the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna through vias B9 and C10, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line B7 is connected to the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the outer wall of the conical monopole antenna 5.

[0012] Furthermore, a via hole A8 is provided at the center of the metal floor 1. A via hole B9 is provided on the outer wall of the conical monopole antenna 5. A via hole C10 is provided on the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna. The via holes B9 and C10 are at the same horizontal position.

[0013] Furthermore, the Vivaldi antenna right ridge 3 and the Vivaldi antenna left ridge 4 are a pair of irregular metal blocks, which have the same thickness, including the conical open Vivaldi antenna above and the trapezoidal connecting metal block below that fits with the side wall and bottom of the conical monopole antenna 5, and a gap is left between the two. The Vivaldi antenna right ridge 3 is provided with a via C10. The materials of both are the same as that of the conical monopole antenna, and can be made of metal materials such as copper or aluminum. Air is used instead of the dielectric substrate. The specific structure and position of the two are as follows: the Vivaldi antenna right ridge 3 and the Vivaldi antenna left ridge 4 are symmetrically placed at the bottom center of the conical radiator, and both are connected to the inner wall of the conical monopole antenna 5.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific structure of the dielectric polarization converter is: composed of several dielectric strips, and each dielectric strip forms an angle of 45° with the x-axis. Specifically: the dielectric polarization converter is composed of several dielectric blocks of unequal lengths arranged in the same direction and at the same intervals. The linear polarization waves emitted by the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna are converted into circular polarization waves by the dielectric polarization converter. At the same time, the side wall of the conical monopole antenna and the dielectric polarization converter can both improve the gain of the Vivaldi antenna in the millimeter wave band.

[0015] Furthermore, the Vivaldi antenna right ridge 3, the Vivaldi antenna left ridge 4 and the conical monopole antenna 5 can be manufactured by integrated 3D printing technology. This integrated processing method avoids the error that may be caused by the combination and fixation of the two parts, and improves the stability of the model. That is, the Vivaldi antenna does not need to be printed on the dielectric substrate and there is no need to consider how to fix it on the conical monopole antenna.

[0016] Furthermore, the dielectric polarization converter 2 and the conical monopole antenna 5 are fixed by extending the outer ring and adding nylon columns.

[0017] The conical monopole antenna 5 of the antenna is fed by the coaxial line 6A, and the current is mainly distributed on the outside of the conical monopole antenna 5. Since the current is evenly distributed along the same height, an omnidirectional radiation mode can be achieved in the microwave band; the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna are fed from the side by the coaxial line 7A, and the energy radiates linearly polarized waves along the opening direction of the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna. At the same time, the outer wall of the conical monopole antenna 5 can concentrate energy, reducing energy leakage on both sides of the antenna. Finally, when passing through the dielectric polarization converter 2, the linear polarization wave is converted into a circularly polarized wave and radiated. At the same time, the dielectric polarization converter can also concentrate energy, thereby improving the radiation gain of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with mode diversity provided by the present invention realizes a dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture design. The antenna is easy to process and can provide broadband bandwidths of 2.09-11.61 GHz (9.52 GHz, 138.9%) and 21.6-29.6 GHz (8 GHz, 31%). It can simultaneously cover the working bandwidths of multiple applications such as 4G LTE, Sub-6 GHz band in 5G, n257 and n258 bands in 5G millimeter wave band, WIFI, UWB, etc. It can adapt to a variety of application scenarios and is a good candidate for multi-frequency communication systems.

[0020] (2) The present invention can realize mode diversity design. The conical monopole antenna 5 can excite the omnidirectional radiation mode. The right ridge of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge of the Vivaldi antenna can cooperate with the dielectric polarization converter to realize the circular polarization radiation mode. The omnidirectional radiation compatibility is strong and can provide a wide range of wireless signal coverage. The circular polarization radiation mode can improve the communication quality due to its advantages in resisting polarization mismatch and multipath fading. Therefore, it has a very broad application prospect in 5G communication technology. At the same time, the conical monopole antenna and the dielectric polarization converter have a concentrating effect on the radiation wave of the Vivaldi antenna, which effectively improves the radiation gain of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna unit with pattern diversity proposed by the present invention: Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the top view of the antenna unit; Figure 1 (b) in the figure is the cross-sectional view of the xoz surface of the antenna unit.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the antenna structure parameters.

[0023] Figure 3 The antenna reflection coefficient curve shows that the bandwidth of the antenna (return loss is less than -10dB) is 2.09-11.61GHz (9.52GHz, 138.9%), 21.6-29.6GHz (8GHz, 31%).

[0024] Figure 4 It is the simulated gain pattern in the microwave band; Figure 4 (a) is the main polarization pattern of the antenna at phi = 0° at 2.4 GHz; Figure 4 (b) shows the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the antenna at theta = 90° at 2.4 GHz; Figure 4(c) is the main polarization pattern of the antenna at phi = 0° at 6 GHz; Figure 4 (d) in the figure is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the antenna at theta = 90° at 6GHz; Figure 4 (e) is the main polarization pattern of the antenna at phi = 0° at 11 GHz; Figure 4 (f) in the figure is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the antenna at theta = 90° at 11GHz;.

[0025] Full text

[0026] Figure 5 It is the simulated gain pattern and axial ratio diagram of the millimeter wave band; Figure 5 (a) is the axial ratio of the antenna in the millimeter wave band; Figure 5 (b) is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the cut plane of the antenna at phi = 0° at 25GHz; Figure 5 (c) in the figure is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the cut plane of the antenna at phi = 90° at 25GHz; Figure 5 (d) in the figure is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the cut plane of the antenna at phi = 0° at 29 GHz; Figure 5 (e) in the figure is the main polarization and cross-polarization radiation pattern of the cut plane of the antenna at phi = 90° at 29GHz.

[0027] In the figure: 1 metal floor, 2 dielectric polarization converter, 3 Vivaldi antenna right ridge, 4 Vivaldi antenna left ridge, 5 conical monopole antenna, 6 coaxial line A, 7 coaxial line B, 8 via A, 9 via B, 10 via C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The specific implementation scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions of the specification.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 , providing a dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity, the inner conductor of the coaxial line 6A is welded to the conical monopole antenna 5 through the via 8A of the metal floor 1, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line 6A is welded and fixed to the metal floor 1. The inner conductor of the coaxial line 7B passes through the side wall of the conical monopole antenna 5 through the vias 9B and 10C and is welded and fixed to the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line 7B is welded and fixed to the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the monopole antenna 5. The dielectric polarization converter 2 is placed directly above the conical monopole antenna. Among them, the Vivaldi antennas 3 and 4, the conical monopole antenna and the metal floor are all made of metal materials such as copper or aluminum.

[0030] The specific structural parameters of this embodiment correspond to the following positions: Figure 2As shown, L1 represents the length of the conical curved slot of the conical opening Vivaldi antenna; L2 represents the overall length of the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna; L3 represents the distance from the center of the side coaxial line B7 feeding the Vivaldi antenna to the bottom of the conical monopole antenna 5; W represents the side length of the square metal floor 1; W1 represents the diameter length of the dielectric polarization converter 2; W2 represents the thickness of the dielectric block in the dielectric polarization converter 2; W3 represents the thickness of the air layer between the dielectric blocks in the dielectric polarization converter 2; w1 represents the conical monopole antenna 5 represents the diameter length of the extension ring; w2 represents the bottom diameter length of the conical monopole antenna 5; w3 represents the distance between the trapezoidal connecting metal blocks of the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna; S represents the opening width of the conical slot of the Vivaldi antenna at the top of the right ridge 3 of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge 4 of the Vivaldi antenna; H1 represents the distance between the aperture surface of the conical monopole antenna 5 and the metal floor 1; H2 represents the height of the dielectric polarization converter 2; α represents the angle between the side wall of the conical monopole antenna 5 and the metal floor 1; the specific data are as follows:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] Figure 3 is the reflection coefficient simulated by the present invention. Figure 3 It can be seen that the antenna bandwidth is 2.09-11.61 GHz (9.52 GHz, 138.9%) and 21.6-29.6 GHz (8 GHz, 31%).

[0034] Figure 4 is the radiation pattern of the antenna in the microwave band. Figure 4 As can be seen from (b), (d) and (f), the Theta = 90° radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz, 6 GHz and 11 GHz in the microwave band is basically a perfect circle, achieving omnidirectional radiation. It can be seen that the antenna proposed in the present invention has a stable radiation pattern in the microwave frequency band.

[0035] Figure 5 is the antenna millimeter wave band radiation pattern and axial ratio diagram. Figure 5 (a) It can be seen that the antenna achieves an axial ratio of less than 3dB in the corresponding millimeter wave band and realizes circular polarization radiation. Figure 5 It can be seen from (b), (c), (d), and (e) that the front-to-back ratios of the antenna in the phi = 0° and phi = 90° radiation patterns at 25 GHz and 29 GHz are both over 40 dB, and the gain is stable within the frequency band, achieving stable directional radiation.

[0036] The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are only used for a specific description of the present invention so that people familiar with the technology can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the content of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity, characterized in that: The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna includes a conical monopole metal radiator and its extended outer ring, left and right ridges of a Vivaldi antenna metal radiator, a dielectric polarization converter, a reflective floor, and two coaxial feeds; the left and right ridge metal radiators of the Vivaldi antenna and the conical monopole radiator are a composite integrated structure; the conical monopole radiator is hollow inside, and there are two left and right ridge metal radiators of the Vivaldi antenna, both of which are made of metal and are symmetrically placed at the bottom of the conical monopole radiator.

2. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specific: The reflective floor is a square metal floor (1), a hollow conical monopole metal radiator is arranged above the metal floor (1), and a dielectric polarization converter (2) is placed directly above the conical monopole antenna (5); The square metal floor (1) is provided with a through hole A (8); The conical monopole metal radiator is a conical monopole antenna (5), and the top of the conical monopole antenna (5) is provided with an extended outer ring. The metal radiator of the Vivaldi antenna is specifically the right ridge (3) of the Vivaldi antenna and the left ridge (4) of the Vivaldi antenna; The coaxial feeding connection comprises a coaxial line A (6) located directly below the conical monopole antenna (5) and a coaxial line B (7) on the side thereof; the coaxial line A (6) is welded and fixed to the conical monopole antenna (5) through a via hole A (8) on the metal floor (1); the coaxial line B (7) is connected to the left ridge (4) of the Vivaldi antenna through the via hole and is connected to the wall surface of the conical monopole antenna (5).

3. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Vivaldi antenna right ridge (3) and the Vivaldi antenna left ridge (4) are a pair of metal blocks of special shape, both of which have the same thickness and are made of the same material as the conical monopole antenna, and a gap is left between the two.

4. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Vivaldi antenna right ridge (3) and the Vivaldi antenna left ridge (4) are symmetrically placed at the bottom center of the conical radiator, and both are connected to the inner wall surface of the conical monopole antenna (5).

5. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Vivaldi antenna right ridge (3), the Vivaldi antenna left ridge (4) and the conical monopole antenna (5) are manufactured by integrated 3D printing technology.

6. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner conductor of the coaxial line A (6) is welded to the conical monopole antenna (5) through the via A (8), and the outer conductor of the coaxial line A (6) is connected to the metal floor (1); the inner conductor of the coaxial line B (7) is connected to the left ridge (4) of the Vivaldi antenna through the via B9 and the via C10, and the outer conductor of the coaxial line B (7) is connected to the right ridge (3) of the Vivaldi antenna and the outer wall of the conical monopole antenna (5).

7. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extended outer ring is a metal ring horizontally extending from the top edge of the conical monopole antenna (5), and the dielectric polarization converter (2) and the conical monopole antenna (5) are fixed by adding a nylon column to the extended outer ring.

8. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that: A via hole A (8) is provided at the center of the metal floor (1); a via hole B (9) is provided on the outer wall of the conical monopole antenna (5); and a via hole C (10) is provided on the right ridge (3) of the Vivaldi antenna, wherein the via hole B (9) and the via hole C (10) are at the same horizontal position.

9. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific structure of the dielectric polarization converter (2) is that it is composed of a plurality of dielectric strips, and each dielectric strip forms an angle of 45° with the x-axis.

10. The dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture antenna with pattern diversity according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dielectric polarization converter is composed of a plurality of dielectric blocks of unequal lengths arranged in the same direction and at the same intervals. The linearly polarized waves emitted by the right ridge (3) and the left ridge (4) of the Vivaldi antenna are converted into circularly polarized waves by the dielectric polarization converter (2). At the same time, the side wall of the conical monopole antenna (5) and the dielectric polarization converter (2) can improve the gain of the Vivaldi antenna in the millimeter wave frequency band.

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