Railway strip-shaped long-distance unmanned aerial vehicle sensing countering system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a strip-shaped long-distance unmanned aerial vehicle sensing countering system and method along a railway, and relates to the technical field of rail traffic safety. The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle detection device arranged at a key node along a railway and used for detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle; the unmanned aerial vehicle countering device transmits a controllable interference signal to interfere with the unmanned aerial vehicle; the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment is used for receiving, amplifying and redirectionally transmitting the interference signal or the radio signal transmitted by the unmanned aerial vehicle; the rear-end intelligent management and control platform is used for receiving the signal information, analyzing the threat level in real time, selecting a countering strategy and implementing directional interference through equipment; the method comprises the steps of equipment deployment, detection and early warning, data analysis, instruction issuing, signal emission and interference, and response and dynamic adjustment. According to the invention, the problems of insufficient coverage, poor identification precision and single countering means in long-distance and strip-shaped scenes along the railway in the prior art can be solved, and real-time sensing and dynamic countering of the unmanned aerial vehicle are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rail transit safety technology, and in particular to a belt-shaped long-distance unmanned aerial vehicle sensing and countermeasure system and method along a railway. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, drone technology has been widely used in many fields, such as logistics distribution, line inspection, agricultural plant protection and landscape photography. However, this rapid development has also brought new security challenges, especially when it comes to key infrastructure such as high-speed rail stations, airports and railways. Illegal drone flights ("black flights") have become a hidden danger that cannot be ignored. For example, at some airports, it is common for flights to be delayed or even canceled on a large scale due to the intrusion of drones. When drones fly along the railway, the voltage of the railway contact network is as high as 27,000 volts, and there is a strong electromagnetic field nearby, which will interfere with the control of the drone, causing great safety hazards. If the drone accidentally falls and hits the high-voltage line or the running train, it will cause the contact network to trip and power outage or the train to automatically emergency brake, causing the train to stop or even a large-scale suspension of operation, seriously endangering the operation safety of the train and the personal safety of the train passengers.

[0003] The long-distance belt-shaped area along the railway is more vulnerable to threats from drone intrusions due to its wide protection range and complex and diverse terrain. However, the existing technology has significant deficiencies in the field of drone perception and countermeasures along the railway. Taking the substation as an example, the existing technology divides the system defense range into detection and warning areas, monitoring and identification areas, and interception and disposal areas, with the geometric location of the substation as the center and the area within the substation wall as the core defense area.

[0004] (1) Detection and warning area: The radio detection equipment is always turned on to search. Once the target is found, it will track and measure it to predict the flight trajectory of the "illegal" drone.

[0005] (2) Surveillance and identification zone: The radio detection equipment activates an alarm and closely tracks and monitors the target's movements.

[0006] (3) Interception and disposal area: The control equipment interferes with the satellite navigation positioning signal or remote control image transmission signal of the target drone, and drives the drone away or forces it to land.

[0007] The above solution is mainly used in closed and connected sheet areas with a small protection range and relatively fixed internal layout, such as substations, oil storage depots, power plants, etc. These scenes usually have clear perimeters and centralized protection targets, which are suitable for the deployment of fixed detection and countermeasure equipment, and the protection range is generally within 1-2 kilometers.

[0008] The railway line is a typical long-distance linear area with a wide protection range and a large span. Traditional sensing technologies such as radar or optical equipment are prone to detection blind spots under complex terrain conditions (such as tunnels, mountainous areas, etc.), and cannot achieve full coverage. Secondly, there are many types of low-altitude drones, including small, micro and stealth targets. The existing system has limited capabilities in accurate identification and multi-target resolution, making it difficult to effectively assess the threat level. The detection and countermeasure system faces greater challenges in terms of coverage and real-time performance. In addition, most of the current countermeasure technologies are based on fixed-band interference, which is significantly ineffective when facing drones with multi-band communication capabilities or strong anti-interference capabilities, and the single countermeasure means lack scene adaptability. The slow response speed of the system is also a major bottleneck. Traditional solutions are difficult to meet real-time requirements and cannot dynamically adjust to rapidly changing targets. More importantly, the traditional perception and countermeasure system has a complex structure and high deployment costs, especially in scenarios such as railway lines that span urban core areas, suburbs and remote areas. The cost-effectiveness ratio is difficult to be accepted by the market.

[0009] In view of the above reasons, the present invention proposes a belt-shaped long-range UAV perception and countermeasure system and method along the railway to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a belt-shaped long-range UAV perception and countermeasure system along the railway. The system can solve the problems of insufficient coverage, lack of recognition accuracy and single countermeasure means in the prior art in long-distance, belt-shaped scenes along the railway, and realize real-time perception and dynamic countermeasure of UAVs.

[0011] On the one hand, the present invention provides a belt-shaped long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system along a railway, comprising:

[0012] Drone detection equipment is deployed at key nodes along the railway to passively receive and detect drone remote control signals and data transmission signals;

[0013] Drone countermeasures are deployed in key areas along the railway and can emit controllable jamming signals to interfere with the navigation and positioning system or data transmission system of drones;

[0014] Signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment, arranged at intervals along the railway, can form an efficient relay link to receive, amplify and redirect the radio signals emitted by interference signals or drones;

[0015] The back-end intelligent management and control platform is used to receive signal information from the drone detection equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment at the front end, analyze the threat level in real time, automatically select a suitable countermeasure strategy, and command the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment to implement directional interference through the communication network.

[0016] Preferably, the detection method of the UAV detection equipment is mainly radio detection, supplemented by at least one of radar, electrostatic sensing and photoelectric sensing.

[0017] Preferably, key nodes along the railway include areas around stations, tunnel entrances and bridges.

[0018] Preferably, the drone countermeasure device can transmit multi-band interference signals and can automatically adjust the transmission parameters of the interference signals according to the navigation positioning frequency or remote control image transmission frequency of the target drone. The interference signals can destroy the drone's GNSS signal reception or suppress the drone's remote control image transmission signal, forcing the drone to deviate from the predetermined route, return to the take-off point or land automatically.

[0019] Preferably, the signal receiving and directional transmitting device includes a receiving antenna, a signal processing unit and a directional transmitting antenna, wherein the receiving antenna is used to receive the interference signal emitted by the drone countermeasure device or the radio signal emitted by the drone, the signal processing unit is used to process and amplify the received signal, and the directional transmitting antenna is used to redirect and transmit the processed and amplified signal.

[0020] Preferably, the transmission angle and coverage range of the interference signal emitted by the directional transmitting antenna are adjustable.

[0021] Preferably, the back-end intelligent management and control platform includes a signal receiving module, an analysis and processing module, a communication module and a countermeasure strategy sending module, wherein:

[0022] The signal receiving module is used to receive signal information from the UAV detection device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device at the front end;

[0023] The analysis and processing module is used to quickly process the received data based on advanced artificial intelligence algorithms to identify the type, path and potential threats of the target drone;

[0024] The countermeasure strategy sending module is used to select a suitable countermeasure strategy and send instructions through the communication module to command the UAV countermeasure device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device to implement directional interference;

[0025] The communication module is used to realize communication between the back-end intelligent management and control platform and the front-end drone detection equipment, the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmission equipment.

[0026] Preferably, the back-end intelligent management and control platform also includes an automatic alarm module, a data recording module and a remote operation module, wherein:

[0027] The automatic alarm module is used to alarm when receiving drone information;

[0028] The data recording module is used to record system operation status monitoring and threat response reports;

[0029] The remote operation module is used to remotely optimize and maintain the system.

[0030] Preferably, the drone detection equipment, the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment are all installed on the contact network pillars and are electrically connected to the trackside power supply lines.

[0031] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for sensing and countering long-distance UAVs along a railway based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1: Deploy equipment, arrange the drone detection equipment and the drone countermeasure equipment in areas along the railway that are prone to drone intrusion, and arrange the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment in sequence at a certain distance from the two, power on each device, and exchange information with the back-end intelligent management and control platform through the communication network;

[0033] S2: Detection and early warning, the drone detection device captures the drone location information and sends the data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform;

[0034] S3: Data analysis: the backend intelligent management and control platform performs real-time data processing to identify drone types and threat levels;

[0035] S3: Instructions are issued. According to the analysis results, the back-end intelligent control platform sends instructions to enable the drone countermeasure device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device to take corresponding countermeasures;

[0036] S4: signal transmission and interference, the signal receiving and directional transmission equipment amplifies and beam-processes the interference signal to ensure accurate transmission to the designated area;

[0037] S5: Response and dynamic adjustment: Based on real-time feedback, the back-end intelligent management and control platform adjusts strategies to optimize interference effects and avoid electromagnetic pollution.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (1) Coverage and flexibility: Traditional countermeasure systems mostly use a single radio detection method, which makes it difficult to provide full coverage without blind spots in a long-distance strip area, especially in scenes along railways with complex terrain. The present invention uses signal relay and beam control technology of signal receiving and directional transmission equipment to achieve long-distance signal transmission and continuous coverage along the line, which can effectively reduce blind spots and improve detection effects.

[0040] (2) Multi-source fusion detection and diversified methods: Different from the existing technology that relies solely on radio detection, the present invention can adopt a fusion solution of multiple sensors such as radar, radio, electrostatic sensing and photoelectric detection. This multi-source detection method enables the system to have the comprehensive recognition capability of drones of different types and characteristics, significantly improving the detection accuracy and the detection capability of low-reflectivity targets (such as small and stealth drones). Different sensors work together to provide reliable data under various environmental conditions, enhancing the robustness and environmental adaptability of the system;

[0041] (3) Low cost and high efficiency: Compared with the traditional solution that requires the deployment of a large number of high-power detection devices, the present invention achieves efficient signal transmission through modular signal receiving and directional transmission equipment, significantly reducing the deployment and maintenance costs of the system. The modular structure enables the system to be easily installed and replaced in different terrains and environments.

[0042] (4) Accurate threat identification and dynamic response: The present invention combines advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. The system has the functions of accurate identification of multiple targets and dynamic assessment of threat levels. The back-end intelligent management and control platform can automatically adjust the transmission parameters of signal receiving and directional transmission equipment based on real-time data analysis to optimize the interference effect and quickly respond to high-threat targets. Real-time adjustment and dynamic response ensure that the system can respond efficiently when dealing with multiple targets and fast-moving targets.

[0043] (5) Adaptability and anti-interference capability: The system can adjust the interference strategy according to the communication characteristics and anti-interference capabilities of different UAVs. The combination of multi-source detection and intelligent algorithms provides a variety of countermeasures, including navigation deception, radio interference suppression, protocol cracking, etc., which enhances the system's adaptability in different scenarios and its ability to deal with complex threats. Through programmable control of signal receiving and directional transmission equipment, the system can flexibly adjust interference parameters to avoid unnecessary electromagnetic pollution to the surrounding environment.

[0044] In summary, this technical solution significantly improves the perception and countermeasure capabilities of strip-shaped long-range drones along the railway, solves the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of coverage, single detection method, response speed and adaptability, and provides a new solution for low-altitude safety management along the railway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the arrangement of the system of the present invention along the railway line;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a working flow chart of the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment in the system of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the back-end intelligent management and control platform in the system of the present invention;

[0049] Description of reference numerals:

[0050] 1: Drone detection equipment; 2: Drone countermeasure equipment; 3: Signal receiving and directional transmission equipment; 4: Trackside power supply lines; 5: Contact network pillars. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0054] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a belt-shaped long-distance UAV perception and countermeasure system along the railway, including: UAV detection equipment 1, UAV countermeasure equipment 2, signal receiving and directional transmission equipment 3 and a back-end intelligent management and control platform.

[0055] Among them, the drone detection equipment 1 is arranged at key nodes along the railway, especially in high-risk areas prone to drone intrusion such as railway intersections, around stations, tunnel entrances, bridges, etc., for passive reception and detection of drone remote control signals and data transmission signals; the drone detection equipment 1 adopts multi-source fusion and multi-band receiving technology, which can capture drone signals of different types and frequency bands, capture their position, speed and direction information in real time, and transmit these data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform via wireless or wired. The equipment has the ability to work around the clock, supports multi-target detection, and ensures safety monitoring coverage along the railway.

[0056] The drone countermeasure equipment 2 is arranged in key areas along the railway and works in conjunction with the drone detection equipment 1. It can emit controllable interference signals to interfere with the navigation and positioning system of the drone, destroy the drone's GPS, GLONASS and other GNSS signal reception or suppress the drone's remote sensing image transmission signal, forcing the drone to deviate from the scheduled route, return to the take-off point or land automatically.

[0057] The signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3 is arranged at intervals along the railway line, and can form an efficient relay link to realize the reception, amplification and redirection transmission of interference signals or radio signals transmitted by drones. The signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3 includes a receiving antenna, a signal processing unit and a directional transmitting antenna, wherein the receiving antenna is used to receive the interference signal emitted by the drone countermeasure device 2 or the radio signal transmitted by the drone, the signal processing unit is used to process and amplify the received signal, and the directional transmitting antenna is used to redirect the processed and amplified signal. Through modularization and programmable control, the directional transmitting antenna supports multi-hop relay and long-distance interference, significantly expanding the coverage of the system, and can dynamically adjust the transmission angle and range according to the scene requirements to adapt to complex terrain and different application scenarios.

[0058] The back-end intelligent management and control platform is the control center of the system, which is used to receive signal information from the front-end drone detection device 1 and the signal receiving and directional transmission device 3, and analyze the threat level in real time. Based on advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, the platform can quickly process the received data, identify the type, path and potential threats of the target drone, automatically select the most suitable countermeasure strategy based on the analysis results, and command the drone countermeasure device 2 and the signal receiving and directional transmission device 3 to implement directional interference through the communication network.

[0059] The above modules are interconnected through a reliable data transmission network to form an integrated perception and countermeasure system. Among them, the drone detection equipment 1 transmits the captured drone signal data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform in real time. The platform combines the on-site signal receiving and directional transmission equipment 3 and the drone countermeasure equipment 2 to quickly analyze and issue corresponding instructions. After receiving the instruction, the signal receiving and directional transmission equipment 3 adjusts its working state, amplifies the signal and redirects the beam, so that the interference signal can cover a long-distance area and achieve precise countermeasures. This design ensures the continuous monitoring and efficient protection of the system in long-distance strip scenarios, and significantly improves the system's ability to cope with complex environments and dynamic threats.

[0060] In this embodiment, the detection method of the drone detection device 1 is mainly radio detection, supplemented by at least one of radar, electrostatic sensing and photoelectric sensing. A better method is to use a multi-source fusion detection device that uses all of the above methods at the same time, which can receive multi-band signals. By adopting multi-source fusion and multi-band receiving technology, it can capture drone signals of different types and frequency bands, capture their position, speed and direction information in real time, and transmit these data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform wirelessly or wired. The radio detection method of the drone detection device 1 can work passively, be arranged at multiple key nodes along the railway, support multi-target detection, continuously receive and analyze signals, and do not emit any electromagnetic waves to maintain concealment and low energy consumption.

[0061] In this embodiment, the drone countermeasure device 2 is arranged in the same key area as the drone detection device 1, and can flexibly transmit multi-band interference signals, and can automatically adjust the transmission parameters of the interference signal according to the navigation positioning frequency of the target drone. The interference signal can destroy the drone's GPS, GLONASS and other GNSS signal reception or suppress the drone's remote control image transmission signal, forcing the drone to deviate from the scheduled route, return to the take-off point or automatically land. It is linked with the drone detection device 1 in real time, can quickly respond and send out directional interference signals to ensure the countermeasure effect.

[0062] In this embodiment, the receiving antenna includes but is not limited to omnidirectional antennas, directional antennas, etc. Directional antennas include but are not limited to high-gain antennas such as Yagi antennas, horn antennas, and smart metasurfaces. The signal processing unit has a programmable control function, thereby realizing the phase, amplitude, and directional beam shape control of the signal and long-distance relay transmission; its structure and function can also be simplified to only realize the signal amplification and long-distance relay transmission functions. The above-mentioned signal processing unit can adjust the emission angle and coverage range of the interference signal emitted by the directional transmitting antenna. By controlling the phase, amplitude, and polarization of the electromagnetic wave, the signal relay can be adjusted to expand the effective coverage range of the interference signal to several kilometers, thereby ensuring continuous monitoring and countermeasure capabilities in long-distance strip scenarios, and well adapting to the characteristics of the strip linear area along the railway.

[0063] The back-end intelligent management and control platform is the control core of the system. It receives and processes the data transmitted by the detection equipment and combines artificial intelligence algorithms to conduct real-time analysis and decision-making. The platform has powerful data processing capabilities and can complete signal analysis, target identification and threat assessment within milliseconds. It automatically determines the threat level of the drone based on its flight characteristics, type and behavior pattern, and selects appropriate countermeasure strategies.

[0064] The back-end intelligent management and control platform includes a signal receiving module, an analysis and processing module, a communication module and a countermeasure strategy sending module, wherein the signal receiving module is used to receive signal information from the front-end UAV detection device 1 and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3; the analysis and processing module is used to quickly process the received data based on advanced artificial intelligence algorithms to identify the type, path and potential threats of the target UAV; the countermeasure strategy sending module is used to select a suitable countermeasure strategy and issue instructions through the communication module to command the UAV countermeasure device 2 and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3 to implement directional interference; the communication module is used to realize the communication between the back-end intelligent management and control platform and the front-end UAV detection device 1, UAV countermeasure device 2 and signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3. When the system detects a UAV with high anti-interference ability, the back-end intelligent management and control platform can instruct the signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3 to adjust its transmission parameters, such as adjusting the transmission power and beam direction, to enhance the interference effect and reduce unnecessary electromagnetic pollution. The response time of the entire system is less than 50 milliseconds, ensuring high real-time performance from detection to countermeasure process, and realizing rapid response to dynamic threats.

[0065] In this embodiment, the back-end intelligent management and control platform also includes an automatic alarm module, a data recording module and a remote operation module, wherein the automatic alarm module is used to sound an alarm when receiving drone information, so as to cooperate with navigation deception, radio interference suppression and protocol cracking to immediately intercept the drone; the data recording module is used to record system operation status monitoring and threat response reports; the remote operation module is used to remotely optimize and maintain the system.

[0066] In this embodiment, the drone detection equipment 1, the drone countermeasure equipment 2 and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment 3 are all installed on the contact network pillar 5 and electrically connected to the trackside power supply line 4. The trackside power supply line 4 can be used to power each device. There is no need to set up new lines or fixed equipment, and the deployment is simple and convenient.

[0067] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for sensing and countering long-distance UAVs along a railway based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0068] S1: Deploy equipment. Arrange drone detection equipment 1 and drone countermeasure equipment 2 at railway intersections, around stations, tunnel entrances, bridges and other areas prone to drone intrusion along the railway. Arrange signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment 3 in sequence at a certain distance on both sides of the two equipments. Power on each equipment and exchange information with the back-end intelligent management and control platform through the communication network.

[0069] S2: Detection and early warning, the drone detection device 1 captures the drone location information and sends the data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform;

[0070] S3: Data analysis: the back-end intelligent management and control platform performs real-time data processing to identify drone types and threat levels;

[0071] S3: Instructions are issued. According to the analysis results, the back-end intelligent control platform sends instructions to the drone countermeasure device 2 and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device 3 to take corresponding countermeasures. The drone countermeasure device 2 sends an interference signal to interfere with the navigation and positioning system or the remote control image transmission system of the drone.

[0072] S4: Signal transmission and interference. The signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment amplifies and beam-processes the interference signal to ensure accurate transmission to the designated area. Multiple groups of signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment 3 are connected to form an efficient relay link to receive, amplify and redirect the interference signal. The signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment 3 uses modularization and programmable control to enable the directional transmitting antenna to support multi-hop relay and long-distance interference, significantly expanding the coverage of the system. The transmission angle and range can be dynamically adjusted according to the scene requirements to adapt to complex terrain and different application scenarios.

[0073] S5: Response and dynamic adjustment: Based on real-time feedback, the back-end intelligent management and control platform adjusts strategies to optimize interference effects and avoid electromagnetic pollution.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A belt-shaped long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system along the railway, characterized in that: include: Drone detection equipment is deployed at key nodes along the railway to passively receive and detect drone remote control signals and data transmission signals; Drone countermeasures are deployed in key areas along the railway and can emit controllable jamming signals to interfere with the navigation and positioning system or data transmission system of drones; Signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment, arranged at intervals along the railway, can form an efficient relay link to receive, amplify and redirect the radio signals emitted by interference signals or drones; The back-end intelligent management and control platform is used to receive signal information from the drone detection equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment at the front end, analyze the threat level in real time, automatically select a suitable countermeasure strategy, and command the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment to implement directional interference through the communication network.

2. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection method of the UAV detection equipment is mainly radio detection, supplemented by at least one of radar, electrostatic sensing and photoelectric sensing.

3. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Key nodes along the railway include around stations, tunnel entrances and bridges.

4. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drone countermeasure device can transmit multi-band interference signals and automatically adjust the transmission parameters of the interference signals according to the navigation positioning frequency or remote control image transmission frequency of the target drone. The interference signals can destroy the drone's GNSS signal reception or suppress the drone's remote control image transmission signal, forcing the drone to deviate from the predetermined route, return to the take-off point or land automatically.

5. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal receiving and directional transmitting device includes a receiving antenna, a signal processing unit and a directional transmitting antenna, wherein the receiving antenna is used to receive the interference signal emitted by the drone countermeasure device or the radio signal emitted by the drone, the signal processing unit is used to process and amplify the received signal, and the directional transmitting antenna is used to redirect and transmit the processed and amplified signal.

6. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The transmission angle and coverage range of the interference signal emitted by the directional transmitting antenna are adjustable.

7. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The back-end intelligent management and control platform includes a signal receiving module, an analysis and processing module, a communication module and a countermeasure strategy sending module, wherein: The signal receiving module is used to receive signal information from the UAV detection device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device at the front end; The analysis and processing module is used to quickly process the received data based on advanced artificial intelligence algorithms to identify the type, path and potential threats of the target drone; The countermeasure strategy sending module is used to select a suitable countermeasure strategy and send instructions through the communication module to command the UAV countermeasure device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device to implement directional interference; The communication module is used to realize communication between the back-end intelligent management and control platform and the front-end drone detection equipment, the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmission equipment.

8. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The back-end intelligent management and control platform also includes an automatic alarm module, a data recording module and a remote operation module, wherein: The automatic alarm module is used to alarm when receiving drone information; The data recording module is used to record system operation status monitoring and threat response reports; The remote operation module is used to remotely optimize and maintain the system.

9. The railway-side long-distance UAV sensing and countermeasure system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drone detection equipment, the drone countermeasure equipment and the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment are all installed on the contact network pillars and are electrically connected to the trackside power supply lines.

10. A method for sensing and countering long-distance UAVs along a railway based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Deploy equipment, arrange the drone detection equipment and the drone countermeasure equipment in areas along the railway that are prone to drone intrusion, and arrange the signal receiving and directional transmitting equipment in sequence at a certain distance from the two, power on each device, and exchange information with the back-end intelligent management and control platform through the communication network; S2: Detection and early warning, the drone detection device captures the drone location information and sends the data to the back-end intelligent management and control platform; S3: Data analysis: the backend intelligent management and control platform performs real-time data processing to identify drone types and threat levels; S3: Instructions are issued. According to the analysis results, the back-end intelligent control platform sends instructions to enable the drone countermeasure device and the signal receiving and directional transmitting device to take corresponding countermeasures; S4: signal transmission and interference, the signal receiving and directional transmission equipment amplifies and beam-processes the interference signal to ensure accurate transmission to the designated area; S5: Response and dynamic adjustment: Based on real-time feedback, the back-end intelligent management and control platform adjusts strategies to optimize interference effects and avoid electromagnetic pollution.

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