Range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and a vehicle. The system comprises a fuel cell system, a super capacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range extending system, a main control system, a first DC-DC conversion module and a second DC-DC conversion module, the super capacitor energy storage system is charged through the fuel cell system; the super capacitor energy storage system is electrically connected with the bus system and the master control system through the second DC-DC conversion module. The lithium battery range extending system is provided with a lithium battery; when the load is relatively low, the lithium battery range extending system controls the fuel battery system to charge the lithium battery; when the load is relatively high, the lithium battery range extending system controls the fuel cell system and the super capacitor energy storage system to supply power to the load; when the fuel cell system runs out of energy, the lithium battery supplies power to the load. According to the scheme, the requirement for the large transient power limit needed by the system can be met, and efficient operation and long-distance cruising ability of the vehicle are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery control systems, and in particular to an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In today's context of increasing environmental awareness and energy transformation, the research and development and promotion of electric bicycles are particularly important. Among them, breakthroughs in power battery technology have become the key to promoting the development of the electric bicycle industry. At present, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, as mainstream power sources, have occupied a place in the electric bicycle market. In particular, lithium batteries, with their excellent charging and discharging speed and long service life, have attracted the attention of many manufacturers and become a hot spot in the research and development of electric bicycle power systems.

[0003] However, due to the inherent characteristics of low output power and poor transient response of hydrogen fuel cells, it is difficult to meet the larger transient power limit requirements of the system. Lithium batteries are heavier than hydrogen fuel cells. For lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells of the same weight, the vehicle range is shorter when lithium batteries are used as a power source for the vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related technology, the present application provides an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system and vehicle, which can meet the larger transient power limit requirements required by the system and ensure the efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle.

[0005] The first aspect of the present application provides an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, which includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range-extending system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module;

[0006] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-DC conversion module, the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is charged by the fuel cell system; the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system through the second DC-DC conversion module; the bus system is used to connect the load; the lithium battery range extension system is provided with a lithium battery; the main control system, the first DC-DC conversion module, the second DC-DC conversion module, the lithium battery range extension system, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through a CAN bus;

[0007] When the load is low, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system to charge the lithium battery; when the load is high, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system to power the load; when the energy of the fuel cell system is exhausted, the lithium battery powers the load.

[0008] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a fuel cell and a battery controller, the fuel cell is a hydrogen energy battery, the battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell, and the battery controller monitors the parameters of the fuel cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a starting battery control system, wherein the starting battery control system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell is started, and the starting battery control system is used to pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell is initialized.

[0010] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a precharging circuit and a first function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the precharging circuit, and the lithium battery precharges the first supercapacitor through the precharging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.

[0011] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module, and the second supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.

[0012] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.

[0013] Furthermore, the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are in parallel structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the fuel cell, the lithium battery and the supercapacitor energy storage system are in a parallel structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the main control system coordinates power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system by dynamically adjusting the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC conversion module.

[0016] A second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle comprising the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system.

[0017] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system, which solves the problem of low output power of a single fuel cell by cooperating with a fuel cell system and a supercapacitor energy storage system. By cooperating with a lithium battery and a fuel cell system, it ensures that power can be provided to the load for a long time, ensuring efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle.

[0019] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a power schematic diagram of an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a control flow chart of the fuel cell system shown in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0025] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0026] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0027] Hydrogen fuel cells have inherent characteristics of low output power and poor transient response, which makes it difficult to meet the greater transient power limit requirements of the system. Lithium batteries are heavier than hydrogen fuel cells. When lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells are of the same weight, the vehicle range is shorter when lithium batteries are used as the power source of the vehicle. In response to the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system and vehicle, which can meet the greater transient power limit requirements of the system and ensure the efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle.

[0028] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system shown in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] See also Figure 1 The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range-extending system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module.

[0031] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-DC conversion module, the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is charged by the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system through the second DC-DC conversion module. The lithium battery range extension system is provided with a lithium battery. The first DC-DC conversion module and the second DC-DC conversion module are both DC-DC converters. The main control system, the first DC-DC conversion module, the second DC-DC conversion module, the lithium battery range extension system, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through the CAN bus.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The bus system is used to connect the load. The output power of the bus system is divided into static power, cruising power and maximum power. The power demand includes zero power demand, small power demand, medium power demand and large power demand. In actual work, the working mode of the lithium battery is determined according to the working conditions. The fuel cell charges the lithium battery in the zero power demand, small power demand and medium power demand modes. When there is a high power demand, the fuel cell system, lithium battery range extension system and super capacitor energy storage system are connected to the bus system to form an overall power supply system. The fuel cell system, lithium battery range extension system and super capacitor energy storage system are connected to the bus system to form an overall power supply system.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a power schematic diagram of the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 When the load is low, the lithium battery range extension system controls the fuel cell system to charge the lithium battery; when the load is high, the lithium battery range extension system controls the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system to supply power to the load; when the fuel cell system is exhausted, the lithium battery supplies power to the load. By combining the advantages of different energy sources, the efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle are ensured.

[0035] The present invention provides an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system, which solves the problem of low output power of a single fuel cell by cooperating with a fuel cell system and a supercapacitor energy storage system. By cooperating with a lithium battery and a fuel cell system, it ensures that power can be provided to the load for a long time, ensuring efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a control flow chart of the fuel cell system shown in the embodiment of the present application.

[0037] The fuel cell system also includes a fuel cell and a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen energy battery. The battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is connected to an external hydrogen cylinder. The battery controller includes a hydrogen intake control valve, a hydrogen exhaust control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The hydrogen intake control valve is set on the pipeline connecting the fuel cell and the hydrogen cylinder. The hydrogen intake control of the fuel cell is realized by the hydrogen intake control valve, the hydrogen exhaust control of the fuel cell is realized by the hydrogen exhaust control valve, the intake control of the fuel cell is realized by the intake fan, and the pressure of the fuel cell is detected by the pressure sensor.

[0038] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a starting battery control system. The starting battery control system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell is started. The starting battery control system is used to pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell is initialized, so as to speed up the starting speed of the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, reduce the voltage difference between the various components in the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, and reduce the formation of arcs when the various components are connected. Specifically, the starting battery control system is connected to the lithium battery, and the starting battery control system can control the lithium battery to power the main control system or charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system.

[0039] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a precharging circuit and a first function switching circuit. Before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the precharging circuit, and the lithium battery precharges the first supercapacitor through the precharging circuit to speed up the startup speed of the supercapacitor voltage balancing system, and reduce the voltage difference between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system, and reduce the formation of arcs when the supercapacitor voltage balancing system is connected to other systems. After the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor. Due to the addition of the first supercapacitor, the instantaneous output capacity of the fuel cell is greatly improved, and the output voltage of the fuel cell system can be stabilized.

[0040] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through a second DC-to-DC conversion module, and the second supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system. The first supercapacitor and the second supercapacitor are both supercapacitors. As pollution-free energy storage devices, the first supercapacitor and the second supercapacitor have the characteristics of fast charging and discharging, high efficiency and long life, which greatly improve the recycling rate of energy. The second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are in parallel structure. When the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are combined in parallel, the transient characteristics of the fuel cell are significantly improved, so that the fuel cell balances the bus voltage when a large current output is required, and the fuel cell is not protected due to excessive current. When the second supercapacitor is connected to the bus system through the second DC-to-DC conversion module, it can improve the adaptability of the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system to load changes in the face of high-power pulsating loads.

[0041] The supercapacitor energy storage system is independent of the first supercapacitor inside the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. The charging circuit is controlled by the main control system, and the charging circuit can dynamically adjust the charging current according to the state of the supercapacitor energy storage system. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit. By pre-charging the second supercapacitor, the startup speed of the supercapacitor energy storage system can be accelerated, and the voltage difference between the supercapacitor energy storage system and the fuel cell system can be reduced, reducing the formation of arcs when the supercapacitor energy storage system is connected to other systems. After the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell powers the second supercapacitor, completing the initialization of the entire supercapacitor energy storage system.

[0042] The fuel cell, lithium battery and supercapacitor energy storage system are in parallel structure. Specifically, the fuel cell, lithium battery and second supercapacitor are in parallel structure. The output voltages of the fuel cell, lithium battery and second supercapacitor can be adjusted dynamically, and the fuel cell, lithium battery and second supercapacitor directly supply power to the load. Among them, the voltage matching of the fuel cell, lithium battery and second supercapacitor directly affects the working efficiency and performance of the entire air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating supercapacitors. The second supercapacitor is an auxiliary power source. When the vehicle needs to accelerate quickly or climb a slope, it quickly provides additional electrical energy to achieve efficient power distribution.

[0043] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The main control system can coordinate the power distribution of the fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system; specifically, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-to-DC conversion module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC conversion module, thereby coordinating the power distribution of the fuel cell system and the second supercapacitor.

[0044] Corresponding to the aforementioned application function implementation method embodiment, the present application also provides a vehicle and corresponding embodiments.

[0045] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The vehicle includes an extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, which forms a hybrid system by combining a fuel cell, a lithium battery, a first supercapacitor and a second supercapacitor, effectively integrating the advantages of the four to meet the vehicle's greater transient power limit requirements. Through precise power output control strategies, it not only ensures the stability of the vehicle's energy supply, but also extends the service life of the fuel cell while improving power performance.

[0046] The vehicle includes an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system that integrates supercapacitors. The vehicle also includes a communication system. The communication system serves as an information transmission link between the vehicle and the host computer, ensuring the real-time and accurate transmission of vehicle data. It establishes a reliable connection with the host computer through wireless technology, and quickly transmits the pre-processed data to the host computer through a stable connection, meeting the high standards of real-time monitoring and remote diagnosis; the wireless technology can be one of 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The communication system follows communication protocols such as MQTT to ensure the smooth flow of data between different systems. At the same time, it has a powerful fault detection and response mechanism, which can promptly handle problems such as signal loss, interference, and connection interruption to ensure the continuity of communication.

[0047] The vehicle also includes an anti-theft system, which can improve the safety of the vehicle, reduce the occurrence of theft cases, and provide users with convenient vehicle management functions. The anti-theft system includes hardware devices and software applications; specifically, the vehicle can be installed with a GPS or Beidou module so that the GPS or Beidou module can track the vehicle's location in real time. The anti-theft system is equipped with a motion detection module, which is used to detect whether the vehicle has been moved. Once abnormal movement occurs, an alarm is immediately triggered. When the anti-theft system detects illegal movement or vandalism, the shell emits a high-decibel sound alarm.

[0048] Furthermore, users can remotely control the anti-theft system through mobile phone applications to receive alarm notifications or view the vehicle location. Users can store vehicle location data through the cloud platform, provide vehicle history track query, and process alarm information. In order to ensure the security of vehicle location and user information, vehicle location data needs to be encrypted to prevent it from being intercepted or tampered with.

[0049] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a busbar system, a lithium battery range extension system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module; The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-DC conversion module, the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is charged by the fuel cell system; the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system through the second DC-DC conversion module; the bus system is used to connect the load; the lithium battery range extension system is provided with a lithium battery; the main control system, the first DC-DC conversion module, the second DC-DC conversion module, the lithium battery range extension system, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through a CAN bus; When the load is low, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system to charge the lithium battery; when the load is high, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system to power the load; when the energy of the fuel cell system is exhausted, the lithium battery powers the load.

2. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a fuel cell and a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen energy cell. The battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell. The battery controller monitors the parameters of the fuel cell.

3. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a starting battery control system. The starting battery control system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell is started, and the starting battery control system is used to pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell is initialized.

4. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a precharging circuit and a first function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the precharging circuit, and the lithium battery precharges the first supercapacitor through the precharging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.

5. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module, and the second supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.

6. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.

7. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second super capacitor and the fuel cell are in parallel structure.

8. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell, the lithium battery and the supercapacitor energy storage system are in a parallel structure.

9. The extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control system coordinates power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system by dynamically adjusting the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC conversion module.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises the range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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