One-way transmission electromagnetic wave tesla valve and design method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a one-way transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and a design method thereof. The one-way transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve comprises a photonic crystal and a one-way transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit. The electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit comprises two interference loops and a photonic crystal waveguide connected with the two interference loops. At a certain working frequency, electromagnetic wave forward transmission is allowed and reverse transmission is prevented. The method comprises the following steps: determining an analog structure, calculating a normalized photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal, frequency scanning and recording corresponding power, drawing a one-way coefficient curve, calculating a working frequency when an absolute value of the one-way coefficient is maximum, calculating an actual value of a lattice constant and obtaining an actual structure of the one-way transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. The application realizes transmission of electromagnetic waves in a specific direction and prevention of electromagnetic waves in the opposite direction by using an alternating layout of multiple electromagnetic wave interference loops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic wave technology, specifically to a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves (such as microwaves, terahertz waves, infrared waves, and visible light waves) has wide applications in electromagnetic wave technology, microwave technology, terahertz technology, infrared technology, and optical communication technology. For example, microwave isolators, microwave circulators, optical isolators, and optical circulators are all unidirectional optical transmission devices. Traditional unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission is achieved using a unidirectional transmission system composed of Faraday's polarization rotation effect and polarization gratings. Its disadvantages are that such unidirectional transmission systems require structures such as magnetic fields and gratings, making the system complex, costly, and energy-intensive, resulting in energy waste.

[0003] In addition, traditional unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission systems have moving parts, which are more prone to damage and have higher maintenance costs and shorter lifespans compared to systems without moving parts.

[0004] The aforementioned shortcomings deserve to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve and its design method.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0007] On one hand, a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is characterized by comprising a photonic crystal, one or more unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units, and multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units connected in sequence.

[0008] Each of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units includes a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit. A photonic crystal waveguide is provided at one end of the first interference circuit, between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit, at the other end of the second interference circuit, and between two adjacent unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units.

[0009] Along the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave, the unidirectional transmission electronic wave Tesla valve is asymmetrically configured such that when the electromagnetic wave is input from the first photonic crystal waveguide at a certain operating frequency, it is output from the second photonic crystal waveguide with low insertion loss, and the electromagnetic wave at that operating frequency is blocked from transmission when it is input from the second photonic crystal waveguide.

[0010] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the photonic crystal is characterized in that it is formed by arranging dielectric rods in a background medium, and the refractive index of the dielectric rods is greater than the refractive index of the background medium.

[0011] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the photonic crystal is characterized in that it is formed by arranging holes in a background medium, and the refractive index of the background medium is greater than the refractive index at the location of the holes.

[0012] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the photonic crystal is characterized in that it is a square lattice photonic crystal, a rectangular lattice photonic crystal, a triangular lattice photonic crystal, a quadrilateral lattice photonic crystal, or a hexagonal lattice photonic crystal.

[0013] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit are both formed by line defects in the photonic crystal.

[0014] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit are both ring waveguide structures, which allow the incident electromagnetic wave to propagate in the ring waveguide structure, and a portion of the electromagnetic wave returns to the input port of the ring waveguide structure and re-enters the ring waveguide structure, thereby interfering with the electromagnetic wave that previously entered the ring waveguide structure.

[0015] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the length of the photonic crystal waveguide located between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit, and the length of the photonic crystal waveguide located between two adjacent unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are both (0.5+Q)a or Qa, where Q is a positive integer and a is the lattice constant of the photonic crystal.

[0016] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the electromagnetic wave is characterized in that the electromagnetic wave is a radio frequency wave, microwave, terahertz wave, infrared light wave, visible light wave, ultraviolet light wave, X-ray or GAMA ray.

[0017] On the other hand, a design method for a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve is characterized by including the following steps:

[0018] S1. Determine the selected photonic crystal structure and interference circuit structure, and preliminarily determine the simulation structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve;

[0019] S2. Based on the initially determined photonic crystal and interference circuit structure, the normalized photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal in the simulated structure is calculated.

[0020] S3. In both the forward and reverse directions, an input light source is set at one port of the analog structure and the frequency of the light source is scanned, while the power of the received signal is recorded at the other port.

[0021] S4. Plot the one-way coefficient curve of the simulation structure, and obtain the optimal normalized operating frequency based on the curve. The normalized operating frequency corresponds to the position with the largest absolute value of the one-way coefficient in the curve.

[0022] S5. Based on the normalized frequency, the actual operating frequency, and the lattice constant, determine the actual value of the lattice constant of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, and calculate the radius of the dielectric pillar or hole in the photonic crystal based on the actual value of the lattice constant, thus obtaining the actual structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve.

[0023] According to the present invention based on the above-described scheme, step S4 specifically includes:

[0024] S41. Calculate the power P of the input signal during forward transmission. in,F The power P of the output signal out,F Then calculate the forward transmission coefficient P of the simulated structure. out,F / P in,F ;

[0025] S42. Calculate the power P of the input signal during reverse transmission. in,R The power P of the output signal out,R Then calculate the reverse transmission coefficient P of the simulated structure. out,R / P in,R ;

[0026] S43. Using the forward and reverse transmission coefficients of the simulated structure, the unidirectional coefficient of the simulated structure is calculated:

[0027] S44. Establish a coordinate system with frequency as the abscissa and the calculated one-way coefficient as the ordinate, and plot the curves of the one-way coefficients of the simulation structure at different frequencies in the coordinate system.

[0028] S45. Based on the plotted unidirectional coefficient curve, obtain the unidirectional coefficient with the largest absolute value and its corresponding frequency, and use this frequency as the normalized working frequency.

[0029] According to the above-described solution, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] This invention is based on electromagnetic waveguide technology and the principle of mutual interference between electromagnetic waves. By employing multiple interference loops and coordinating the structural layout of the interference loops, the transmission characteristics of light in opposite directions are greatly different, thereby forming an electromagnetic wave or optical Tesla valve. This allows the flow of light in the structure to have characteristics similar to the unidirectional flow of water in a traditional liquid Tesla valve.

[0031] This invention allows the aforementioned structure with unidirectional flow properties to be applied to unidirectional optical transmission devices such as microwave isolators, which is more conducive to realizing the forward transmission and reverse isolation functions of unidirectional optical transmission devices. Unlike traditional unidirectional transmission optical devices, the electromagnetic wave or optical Tesla valve of this invention does not require the use of special materials such as nonlinear materials, magnetic materials, or magneto-optical materials, thus having a simple manufacturing process and low manufacturing cost. At the same time, the unidirectional transmission Tesla valve of this invention has a simple structure, does not require additional energy consumption, has low cost, and a long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valve in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 1b for Figure 1a Corresponding comparison chart of digital simulation and experimental test results;

[0034] Figures 2a to 2o This is a schematic diagram of different single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 2;

[0035] Figures 3a to 3ad This is a schematic diagram of different single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 3;

[0036] Figure 4a , Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of different single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 4;

[0037] Figures 5a-5e This is a schematic diagram of different single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 5;

[0038] Figures 6a-6e This is a schematic diagram of different two-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 6;

[0039] Figure 7a , Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of different multi-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves in Example 7. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0041] To address the shortcomings of existing unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission technologies, which require the use of nonlinear materials, magnetic materials, magneto-optical materials, etc., resulting in complex manufacturing processes and high costs, this invention proposes a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve. By using an alternating arrangement of multiple electromagnetic wave interference loops, it achieves the transmission of electromagnetic waves in a specific direction and the blocking in the opposite direction.

[0042] This unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve can be a single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, or a multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, such as a two-stage or three-stage valve. The electromagnetic waves targeted by this invention can be radio frequency waves, microwaves, terahertz waves, infrared light waves, visible light waves, ultraviolet light waves, X-rays, or GAMA rays, etc.

[0043] Each stage of the electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is referred to as a unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit. Each unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit includes a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit. The first interference circuit is connected to a first photonic crystal waveguide, and the second interference circuit is connected to a second photonic crystal waveguide. The first and second interference circuits within the same unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit are connected through a third photonic crystal waveguide, and adjacent unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are connected through a fourth photonic crystal waveguide. The first photonic crystal waveguide, the first interference circuit, the third photonic crystal waveguide, the second interference circuit, and the second photonic crystal waveguide (and the fourth photonic crystal waveguide in the case of multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves) are sequentially connected to form a transmission path for electromagnetic waves. In this invention, the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valves are asymmetrically arranged along the electromagnetic wave transmission path, such that at a certain operating frequency, when electromagnetic waves are input through the first photonic crystal waveguide, they are output from the second photonic crystal waveguide with low insertion loss. Electromagnetic waves at this operating frequency are blocked from transmission when input through the second photonic crystal waveguide, thus forming a unidirectional transmission structure.

[0044] The length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is (0.5+Q)a or Qa, where Q is a positive integer and a is the lattice constant of the photonic crystal. For multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves, the length of the third photonic crystal at each position can be the same or different. It should be noted that when two photonic crystal interference loops have a contact portion, the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0; when the two interference loops are not in direct contact, the distance between the adjacent waveguide walls of the two interference loops is defined as the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide. This invention uses an array distribution of photonic crystals with equal spacing as an example, in which case the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is Qa; in other embodiments, if there is a half-spacer photonic crystal between two adjacent unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units, the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is (0.5+Q)a.

[0045] The single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve includes a photonic crystal and a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit includes a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit. The first interference circuit is connected to a first photonic crystal waveguide, the second interference circuit is connected to a second photonic crystal waveguide, and the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit are connected through a third photonic crystal waveguide.

[0046] The multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve includes a photonic crystal and multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units. These units are connected sequentially, meaning that M combinations of single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves constitute an M-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, where M is a positive integer and M≥2. The structure of the single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve in this invention can achieve unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission. Compared to the single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, the multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, through multiple stages of waveguides and interference, can form multi-stage unidirectional control. To avoid the large size resulting from the unidirectional transmission Tesla valve structure and to minimize complex interference effects, this invention preferably uses a two- or three-stage unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve structure, i.e., it preferably includes two or three unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units.

[0047] Photonic crystals can be formed by arranging dielectric rods in a background medium, where the refractive index of the dielectric rods is greater than that of the background medium. The dielectric rods can be made of materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide, or aluminum oxide, while the background medium can be made of materials such as air, vacuum, or silicon dioxide. Photonic crystals can also be formed by arranging holes in a background medium, where the refractive index of the background medium is greater than that at the location of the holes. In other words, a complete photonic crystal is formed by drilling holes in a high-refractive-index medium. The un-drilled areas form waveguides, which, when closed, create a closed structure, thus becoming an interference circuit. Photonic crystals can be any of the following: square lattice photonic crystal, rectangular lattice photonic crystal, triangular lattice photonic crystal, quadrilateral lattice photonic crystal, or hexagonal lattice photonic crystal. They can also have other arrangements of photonic crystal structures.

[0048] In single-stage or multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves, both the first and second interference loops are ring waveguide structures. This allows the incident electromagnetic wave to propagate within these ring waveguides, with a portion of it returning to the input port and re-entering the ring waveguide. This interference with the previously entered electromagnetic wave results in increased interference between electromagnetic waves at a certain frequency and those at other frequencies during forward propagation in the unidirectional Tesla valve structure. Conversely, during reverse propagation, electromagnetic waves at one operating frequency experience increased interference through this structure, while those at another frequency experience decreased interference. Therefore, in this invention, a specific unidirectional Tesla valve corresponds to a specific transmission frequency, optimizing its unidirectional transmission performance. The influence of the propagation direction in this invention is due to the overall asymmetry of the unidirectional Tesla valve structure in both forward and reverse propagation.

[0049] Specifically, both the first and second interference loops are formed by line defects in the photonic crystal. Taking the formation of a photonic crystal by arranging multiple high-refractive-index dielectric rods in a low-refractive-index background as an example, an interference loop is formed by continuously removing a series of dielectric rods along a line in an ideal photonic crystal. The shape of the interference loop can be a square, parallelogram, etc. In this invention, the central part of the annular loop structure has several dielectric rods, arranged in an N×P shape, where N and P are both positive integers. In one specific embodiment, the annular loop containing a structure of 2×2 dielectric rods (or holes) makes the overall structure smaller and requires less material.

[0050] Since each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit includes a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit, the number of interference circuits included in the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve of this invention is at least 2 and is a positive integer multiple of 2.

[0051] In the specific implementation structure, each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit, after undergoing transformations such as left-right symmetrical flipping, up-down symmetrical flipping, or arbitrary angle rotation, constitutes another unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit. This ensures that the interference characteristics of each interference loop and the coupling characteristics between the interference loops are not affected, guaranteeing that the transmission directions of multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are consistent. Whether it is a single-stage or multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, the structure of the first interference loop and the structure of the second interference loop can be the same or different; furthermore, the first photonic crystal waveguide can be connected to any position in the first interference loop, and the second photonic crystal waveguide can be connected to any position in the second interference loop.

[0052] The principle of this invention is as follows: In a single-stage or multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, when an electromagnetic wave of a certain operating frequency is input through a first photonic crystal waveguide, it is output with low insertion loss from a second photonic crystal waveguide. The electromagnetic wave of that operating frequency is blocked from transmission when input through the second photonic crystal waveguide. At another operating frequency, the single-stage or multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is allowed to operate in the opposite manner (the opposite manner means that at this other operating frequency, the electromagnetic wave is allowed to propagate in the reverse direction but not in the forward direction; here, forward and reverse are defined directions, not absolute directions). Through this method, the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve of this invention can simulate the unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves in existing Tesla valves for fluid applications. Furthermore, this unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve does not require a magnetic field or structures such as polarizers, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional isolators, circulators, and other devices. Moreover, the valve of this invention has low construction cost, requires no maintenance, and consumes no energy, making it widely applicable.

[0053] For example, such as Figure 1aAs shown, the definition from bottom to top is positive and from top to bottom is negative: at a certain operating frequency f1, electromagnetic waves are allowed to propagate in the positive direction, but are not allowed to propagate in the negative direction; however, at another operating frequency f2, electromagnetic waves are allowed to propagate in the negative direction, but are not allowed to propagate in the positive direction, and the one-way coefficient of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the positive direction at frequency f1 is different from that of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the negative direction at frequency f2.

[0054] Since different photonic crystals, waveguide lengths, and interference circuits correspond to different optimal frequencies, this invention obtains the optimal structure for a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve through structural design and simulation. In other words, this invention provides a design method for a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve.

[0055] S1. Determine the selected photonic crystal structure and the structure of the dielectric pillar (or hole) in the interference circuit, and preliminarily determine the simulation structure of the Tesla valve for unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves.

[0056] Generally, a square lattice photonic crystal and an interference circuit composed of a 2×2 dielectric pillar structure are selected for system design. The specific design steps below will also be explained using this as an example.

[0057] S2. Based on the initially determined photonic crystal and interference circuit structure, the normalized photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal in the simulated structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is calculated.

[0058] Using the lattice constant of the initially selected square lattice photonic crystal as the unit, the corresponding dielectric pillar radius value is set to obtain the normalized bandgap frequency range.

[0059] S3. Define the forward and reverse directions of the simulation structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. In the forward and reverse directions respectively, set the input light source at one port of the simulation structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and perform frequency scanning of the light source, while recording the power of the received signal at the other port.

[0060] Specifically, on one side port of the analog structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve (such as...) Figure 1a The lower end of the device is used to set an input light source, and the frequency of the input light source is scanned. Simultaneously, the input power of the input light source at different frequencies is recorded. The other port of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve simulation structure (e.g., at each frequency) is also recorded. Figure 1a The power at the upper end. Then, at the other port of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve analog structure (such as... Figure 1a An input light source is set at the upper end of the device, and the frequency of the input light source is scanned. Simultaneously, the input power of the input light source at different frequencies is recorded. The analog structure port (e.g., at each frequency) of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is recorded. Figure 1a The power of the lower end.

[0061] S4. Plot the unidirectional coefficient curve of the simulated structure of the Tesla valve for unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission, and obtain the optimized normalized operating frequency based on this curve. This normalized operating frequency corresponds to the position in the curve where the absolute value of the unidirectional coefficient is the largest. Specifically:

[0062] S41. Calculate the power P of the input signal during forward transmission. in,F The power P of the output signal out,F Next, calculate the forward transmission coefficient P of the simulated structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. out,F / P in,F .

[0063] S42. Calculate the power P of the input signal during reverse transmission. in,R The power P of the output signal out,R Next, calculate the reverse transmission coefficient P of the simulated structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. out,R / P in,R .

[0064] S43. Using the forward and reverse transmission coefficients of the simulation structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, the unidirectional coefficient of the simulation structure of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is calculated:

[0065]

[0066] S44. Establish a coordinate system with frequency as the abscissa and the calculated unidirectional coefficient as the ordinate, and plot the curves of the unidirectional coefficient of the simulated structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve at different frequencies in the coordinate system.

[0067] S45. Based on the plotted unidirectional coefficient curve of the simulated structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, the unidirectional coefficient with the largest absolute value and its corresponding frequency are obtained, and this frequency is used as the normalized operating frequency.

[0068] S5. Based on the normalized frequency, the actual operating frequency, and the lattice constant, determine the actual value of the lattice constant of the simulated structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, and calculate the radius value of the medium column (or hole) based on the actual value of the lattice constant, and finally obtain the actual structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve.

[0069] The relationship between the normalized frequency, the actual operating frequency, and the lattice constant is: Normalized operating frequency = Actual operating frequency × a / c.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] like Figure 1a , Figure 1b As shown in the figure, this embodiment illustrates a single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve with a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve unit. The photonic crystal used in this embodiment is formed by arranging high-refractive-index dielectric rods (alumina ceramic material) in a low-refractive-index background medium (air). The photonic crystal is a square lattice photonic crystal. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric pillar with a radius R = 0.2223a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 1.8 cm, and a height H = 4 cm. In this invention, the radius R, lattice constant a, and height H of the dielectric pillar are all determined by the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal and the operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave, ensuring that the operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave is within the photonic bandgap, thus allowing the photonic crystal waveguide to confine and propagate the electromagnetic wave within it.

[0072] In this embodiment, the photonic crystal has a first interference loop ABCD and a second interference loop EFGH. Each interference loop is rectangular, and the rectangular interference loop has four dielectric pillars in the middle. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are connected by a third photonic crystal waveguide. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located at the upper left corner of the photonic crystal and is connected to the first interference loop ABCD. The second photonic crystal waveguide is located at the lower left corner of the photonic crystal and is connected to the second interference loop EFGH.

[0073] When an electromagnetic wave is input from the first photonic crystal waveguide ABCD, it is output with low insertion loss from the second photonic crystal waveguide EFGH. When the electromagnetic wave is input from the second photonic crystal waveguide EFGH, its transmission is blocked, or it operates in the opposite manner at another operating frequency. The unidirectional coefficient is defined as the ratio of the transmission coefficient during forward transmission to its transmission coefficient during reverse transmission in a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve structure. The larger the absolute value of this unidirectional coefficient, the better the unidirectional transmission effect of the structure. The unidirectional coefficient of this single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, P in,F P out,F P represents the input power and output power during forward transmission (transmission from bottom to top), respectively. in,R P out,R These are the input power and output power during reverse transmission (transmission from top to bottom), respectively.

[0076] Figure 1b The results of digital simulation and experimental testing of the single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve are presented. As shown in the figure, at a frequency of 5.626 GHz, the unidirectional coefficient reaches a maximum value of -40.77 dB (the positive and negative signs only indicate different allowed transmission directions), that is, the electromagnetic wave transmitted from bottom to top can be ignored, while it can be transmitted smoothly from top to bottom.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figures 2a to 2o As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents 15 single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves with a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit. Each solid circle in the figure represents a medium column, which can also have many different shape variations, which are not listed here. Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the radius R of the aluminum oxide medium column is 0.36a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 2cm, and the height H of the medium column is 4cm.

[0079] In these embodiments, the photonic crystal has a first interference loop ABCD and a second interference loop EFGH, each interference loop is rectangular, and the rectangular interference loop has 4 dielectric pillars in the middle; the first photonic crystal waveguide is connected to the first interference loop ABCD, the second photonic crystal waveguide is connected to the second interference loop EFGH, and the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are connected by a third photonic crystal waveguide.

[0080] exist Figure 2a In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a.

[0081] exist Figure 2b In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a.

[0082] Figure 2c The example shown is Figure 2b The illustrated embodiment features a top-bottom symmetrical structure. To more clearly confirm the symmetrical flipping characteristics of the structure, Figure 2c The characters A, B, C, and D are set upside down.

[0083] exist Figure 2d In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a.

[0084] exist Figure 2e In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower left side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a.

[0085] exist Figure 2fIn the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a.

[0086] Figure 2g The example shown is Figure 2f The embodiment shown has a top-bottom symmetrical structure.

[0087] exist Figure 2h In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located at the lower left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located at the upper right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a.

[0088] Figure 2i The example shown is Figure 2h The illustrated embodiment features a top-bottom symmetrical structure. To more clearly confirm the symmetrical flipping characteristics of the structure, Figure 2i The characters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are set upside down.

[0089] exist Figure 2j In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are symmetrical vertically, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning that a section of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH overlaps.

[0090] exist Figure 2k In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are vertically symmetrical, and the second interference loop EFGH is shifted to the right relative to the first interference loop ABCD by a distance equal to a lattice constant a, such that the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a, meaning that a segment of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH constitutes a straight waveguide.

[0091] exist Figure 2l In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are vertically symmetrical, and the second interference loop EFGH is shifted to the right relative to the first interference loop ABCD by a distance of two lattice constants 2a, such that the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a, that is, a section of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH constitutes a straight waveguide.

[0092] exist Figure 2mIn the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are vertically symmetrical, and the second interference loop EFGH is shifted to the right relative to the first interference loop ABCD by a distance of three lattice constants 3a, such that the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a, that is, a segment of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH constitutes a straight waveguide.

[0093] exist Figure 2n In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are vertically symmetrical, and the second interference loop EFGH is shifted to the right relative to the first interference loop ABCD by a distance of four lattice constants 4a, such that the length L = a of the third photonic crystal waveguide, that is, a segment of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH constitutes a straight waveguide.

[0094] exist Figure 2o In the illustrated embodiment, the first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right side of the photonic crystal. The first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH are vertically symmetrical, and the second interference loop EFGH is shifted to the right by six lattice constants 6a relative to the first interference loop ABCD, such that the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 3a, that is, a section of the waveguides of the first interference loop ABCD and the second interference loop EFGH constitutes a straight waveguide.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] like Figures 3a to 3ad As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents 30 single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves with a single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit for unidirectional transmission. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric column, which can also have many different shape variations, which are not listed here. Unlike Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the radius R of the aluminum oxide dielectric column is R = 0.36a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 2cm, and the height H of the dielectric column is H = 4cm. This embodiment forms a parallelogram interference circuit in a square lattice photonic crystal; that is, both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms.

[0097] exist Figure 3aIn the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes four high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a parallelogram pattern. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning the first and second interference circuits are adjacent to each other.

[0098] exist Figure 3b In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes six high-refractive-index dielectric rods distributed in a parallelogram shape. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning the first and second interference circuits are adjacent to each other.

[0099] exist Figure 3c In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods distributed in a parallelogram shape. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning the first and second interference circuits are adjacent to each other.

[0100] exist Figure 3d In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes four high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a parallelogram pattern. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3a The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by a (i.e., a lattice constant distance) relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, that is, the first interference loop and the second interference loop are closely connected.

[0101] And so on, in Figure 3e , Figure 3fIn the middle, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 2a (i.e., two lattice constant distances) and 3a (i.e., three lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side. That is, the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a. The first interference loop and the second interference loop are closely connected.

[0102] exist Figure 3g In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes four high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a parallelogram pattern. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3a The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances) to the right relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = a.

[0103] And so on, in Figure 3h , 3i In 3j and 3k, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 5a (i.e., five lattice constant distances), 6a (i.e., six lattice constant distances), 7a (i.e., seven lattice constant distances), and 8a (i.e., eight lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side. That is, the lengths L of the third photonic crystal waveguide are 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a respectively. The third photonic crystal waveguide is located between the first interference loop and the second interference loop.

[0104] exist Figure 3l In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes six high-refractive-index dielectric rods distributed in a parallelogram shape. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3b The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by a (i.e., a lattice constant distance) relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, and the first interference loop is adjacent to the second interference loop.

[0105] And so on, in Figure 3m , Figure 3n , Figure 3oIn the middle, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 2a (i.e., two lattice constant distances), 3a (i.e., three lattice constant distances), and 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side. That is, the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a. The first interference loop is adjacent to the second interference loop.

[0106] exist Figure 3p In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes six high-refractive-index dielectric rods distributed in a parallelogram shape. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3b The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted 5a (i.e., five lattice constant distances) to the right relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = a.

[0107] And so on, in Figure 3q , Figure 3r , Figure 3s , Figure 3t In the first interference circuit, the second interference circuit located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 6a (i.e., six lattice constant distances), 7a (i.e., seven lattice constant distances), 8a (i.e., eight lattice constant distances), and 9a (i.e., nine lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference circuit located on the upper side. That is, the lengths L of the third photonic crystal waveguide are 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a respectively. The third photonic crystal waveguide is located between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit.

[0108] exist Figure 3u In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a parallelogram pattern. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3c The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by a (i.e., a lattice constant distance) relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, and the first interference loop is adjacent to the second interference loop.

[0109] And so on, in Figure 3v , Figure 3w , Figure 3x , Figure 3yIn the middle, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 2a (i.e., two lattice constant distances), 3a (i.e., three lattice constant distances), 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances), and 5a (i.e., five lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side. That is, the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a. The first interference loop is adjacent to the second interference loop.

[0110] exist Figure 3z In the illustrated embodiment, a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit are symmetrically arranged vertically within a square lattice photonic crystal. Both the first and second interference circuits are parallelograms, and each includes eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a parallelogram pattern. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal, and the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side. Figure 3c The difference is that in this figure, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted 6a (i.e., six lattice constant distances) to the right relative to the first interference loop located on the upper side, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = a. The third photonic crystal waveguide is located between the first interference loop and the second interference loop.

[0111] And so on, in Figure 3aa , Figure 3ab , Figure 3ac , Figure 3ad In the first interference circuit, the second interference circuit located on the lower side is shifted to the right by 7a (i.e., seven lattice constant distances), 8a (i.e., eight lattice constant distances), 9a (i.e., nine lattice constant distances), and 10a (i.e., ten lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference circuit located on the upper side. That is, the lengths L of the third photonic crystal waveguide are 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a respectively. The third photonic crystal waveguide is located between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] like Figure 4a , Figure 4b As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents a single-stage electromagnetic Tesla valve with two different interference loop unit shapes. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric column, which can also have many other different shape variations, which are not listed here. In this embodiment, the radius of the aluminum oxide dielectric column is R = 0.32a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 1.6cm, and the height of the dielectric column is H = 3.8cm.

[0114] exist Figure 4aIn the embodiment shown, a square lattice photonic crystal is used. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal and is connected to the first interference loop. The second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal and is connected to the second interference loop. The first interference loop and the second interference loop are located on the upper and lower sides, respectively, and both the first interference loop and the second interference loop are parallelograms.

[0115] The first interference loop located on the upper side comprises eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×4 parallelogram. The second interference loop located on the lower side comprises six high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×3 parallelogram. The left side of the second interference loop is shifted 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances) to the right relative to the left side of the first interference loop. A third photonic crystal waveguide connects the first and second interference loops, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning the first and second interference loops are adjacent to each other.

[0116] exist Figure 4a In the embodiment shown, a square lattice photonic crystal is used. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal and is connected to the first interference loop. The second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal and is connected to the second interference loop. The first interference loop and the second interference loop are located on the upper and lower sides, respectively. The first interference loop is parallelogram-shaped and the second interference loop is rectangular.

[0117] The first interference loop located on the upper side comprises eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×4 parallelogram. The second interference loop located on the lower side comprises six high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×3 rectangle. The left side of the second interference loop is shifted 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances) to the right relative to the left side of the first interference loop. A third photonic crystal waveguide connects the first and second interference loops, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, meaning the first and second interference loops are adjacent to each other.

[0118] Example 5

[0119] like Figures 5a-5e As shown in the figure, this embodiment illustrates five single-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves with a unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve unit. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric column, which can also have many different shape variations, which are not listed here. Unlike Embodiment 1, this embodiment constructs a parallelogram interference circuit in a triangular lattice photonic crystal, and in this embodiment, the radius R of the aluminum oxide dielectric column is R = 0.36a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 2cm, and the height H of the dielectric column is 6cm.

[0120] This embodiment uses a triangular lattice photonic crystal. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side of the photonic crystal and connected to the first interference loop, while the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side of the photonic crystal and connected to the second interference loop. Both the first and second interference loops are parallelograms, and each of the first and second interference loops contains six high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×3 parallelogram pattern.

[0121] exist Figure 5a In the embodiment shown, the first interference loop and the second interference loop are symmetrically distributed on the upper and lower sides, and the third photonic crystal waveguide connects the first interference loop and the second interference loop, and the length of the third photonic crystal waveguide is L = 0a, that is, the first interference loop and the second interference loop are closely connected.

[0122] exist Figure 5b , Figure 5c , Figure 5d , Figure 5e In the embodiment shown, the second interference loop located on the lower side is shifted to the right by a (i.e., one lattice constant distance), 2a (i.e., two lattice constant distances), 3a (i.e., three lattice constant distances), and 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances) respectively relative to the first interference loop on the upper side. That is, the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide is 0a in all cases, and the first interference loop is adjacent to the second interference loop.

[0123] Example 6

[0124] like Figures 6a-6e As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents five types of two-stage electromagnetic Tesla valves with two unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric column, which can also have many different shape variations, which are not listed here. In this embodiment, the radius of the aluminum oxide dielectric column is R = 0.36a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 2cm, and the height of the dielectric column is H = 10cm.

[0125] Figure 6a The illustrated embodiment employs a two-stage electromagnetic Tesla valve formed by a square lattice, consisting of two unidirectional electromagnetic Tesla valve units connected in series. Each unidirectional electromagnetic Tesla valve unit includes two interference loops distributed vertically, for a total of four interference loops. Each interference loop is square, containing four squarely distributed high-refractive-index dielectric rods. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper left and connected to the first interference loop ABCD in the first group of unidirectional electromagnetic Tesla valve units (referred to as the first-stage electromagnetic Tesla valve); the second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the upper right and connected to the second interference loop EFGH in the second group of unidirectional electromagnetic Tesla valve units (referred to as the second-stage electromagnetic Tesla valve).

[0126] The distance between the rightmost end of the second interference loop EFGH in the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the leftmost end of the first interference loop ABCD in the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is 3a (i.e., the distance of three lattice constants). The waveguide connecting the first-stage and second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves is a fourth photonic crystal waveguide with a length L of 3a, which is three lattice constants. The length of the third waveguide connecting the two interference loops inside the first-stage or second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves is 0a.

[0127] To more clearly confirm the symmetrical flipping characteristics of the structure, Figure 6a The characters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H of the second unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve unit are set upside down.

[0128] and Figure 6a The embodiments shown are different. Figure 6b In the illustrated embodiment, each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit consists of two interference loops distributed left and right, with the first photonic crystal waveguide located slightly lower on the left and the second photonic crystal waveguide located slightly lower on the right. The spacing between the two interference loops in each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit, and the spacing between the two interference loops in the same unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit, are both 4a (i.e., four lattice constant distances). This means the length L of the third photonic crystal waveguide connecting the four interference loops is always 4a. The first-stage and second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves are connected by a fourth photonic crystal waveguide, which also has a length of 4a. To more clearly confirm the symmetrical flipping characteristics of the structure, Figure 6b The characters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H of the second unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve unit are set upside down.

[0129] and Figure 6a The embodiments shown are different. Figure 6c In the embodiment shown, both the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve are composed of two interference loops connected in series. The length of the third photonic crystal waveguide connecting the two interference loops in each unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is 3a. The length of the fourth photonic crystal waveguide connecting the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve is 4a (referring to the distance between the rightmost end of the lower interference loop EFGH of the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the leftmost end of the lower interference loop ABCD of the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve).

[0130] and Figure 6a The embodiments shown are different. Figure 6dIn the embodiment shown, the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve are connected through a fourth photonic crystal waveguide. The horizontal length of the fourth photonic crystal waveguide is 8a, which is 8 lattice constants.

[0131] exist Figure 6e In the illustrated embodiment, two unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are formed in series within a square lattice photonic crystal. Each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit includes two interference loops distributed vertically, for a total of four interference loops. Each interference loop is parallelogram-shaped and contains eight high-refractive-index dielectric rods arranged in a 2×4 parallelogram pattern. A first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the left side and connected to the first interference loop in the first group of unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units; a second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the right side and connected to the second interference loop in the second group of unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units. The first-stage and second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valves are connected via a fourth photonic crystal waveguide, the length L of which is 5a (referring to the distance between the right side wall of the rightmost interference loop of the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve and the left side wall of the leftmost interference loop of the second-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve).

[0132] Example 7

[0133] like Figure 7a , Figure 7b As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents two other multi-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve structures. Each solid circle in the figure represents a dielectric column, which can also have many different shape variations, which are not listed here. In this embodiment, the radius of the aluminum oxide dielectric column is R = 0.18a, where a is the lattice constant and a = 1cm, and the height of the dielectric column is H = 3cm.

[0134] Figure 7a A three-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve system is presented in a square lattice photonic crystal, consisting of three unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units connected in series. Each unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve unit includes two interference loops (left and right), for a total of six interference loops. Each interference loop is square, containing four square-distributed high-refractive-index dielectric rods. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located slightly lower on the left and is connected to the first interference loop ABCD in the first group of unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units (referred to as the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve). The second photonic crystal waveguide is located slightly upper on the right and is connected to the second interference loop EFGH in the third group of unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units (referred to as the third-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve). In this embodiment, the horizontal distance between two adjacent unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units is 3a (i.e., three lattice constants).

[0135] and Figure 7a The embodiments shown are different. Figure 7b The four-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve consists of four unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units. The first photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower left and is connected to the first interference loop ABCD in the first-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. The second photonic crystal waveguide is located on the lower right and is connected to the second interference loop EFGH in the fourth-stage electromagnetic wave Tesla valve. In this embodiment, the horizontal distance between two adjacent unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units is 3a (i.e., three lattice constants).

[0136] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

[0137] The present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission Tesla valve, characterized in that, It includes a photonic crystal, one or more unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units, and multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are connected in sequence; Each of the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units includes a first interference circuit and a second interference circuit. The first interference circuit and the second interference circuit are both formed by line defects in the photonic crystal. The first interference circuit and the second interference circuit are both ring waveguide structures, which allow the incident electromagnetic wave to propagate in the ring waveguide structure. A portion of the electromagnetic wave returns to the input port of the ring waveguide structure and re-enters the ring waveguide structure, thereby interfering with the electromagnetic wave that previously entered the ring waveguide structure. A photonic crystal waveguide is provided at one end of the first interference circuit, between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit, at the other end of the second interference circuit, and between two adjacent unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units. At a certain operating frequency, when an electromagnetic wave is input through the first photonic crystal waveguide, it is output from the second photonic crystal waveguide with low insertion loss. When the electromagnetic wave at this operating frequency is input through the second photonic crystal waveguide, its transmission is blocked.

2. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photonic crystal is formed by arranging dielectric rods in a background medium, and the refractive index of the dielectric rods is greater than that of the background medium.

3. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photonic crystal is formed by arranging holes in a background medium, and the refractive index of the background medium is greater than the refractive index at the location of the holes.

4. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The photonic crystal is a triangular lattice photonic crystal, a quadrilateral lattice photonic crystal, or a hexagonal lattice photonic crystal.

5. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The length of the photonic crystal waveguide located between the first interference circuit and the second interference circuit, and the length of the photonic crystal waveguide located between two adjacent unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve units are both (0.5+Q)a or Qa, where Q is a positive integer and a is the lattice constant of the photonic crystal.

6. The unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The electromagnetic waves are radio frequency waves, microwaves, terahertz waves, infrared light waves, visible light waves, ultraviolet light waves, X-rays, or GAMA rays.

7. A design method for a unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, used to implement the unidirectional electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the selected photonic crystal structure and interference circuit structure, and preliminarily determine the simulation structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve; S2. Based on the initially determined photonic crystal and interference circuit structure, the normalized photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal in the simulated structure is calculated. S3. In both the forward and reverse directions, an input light source is set at one port of the analog structure and the frequency of the light source is scanned, while the power of the received signal is recorded at the other port. S4. Plot the one-way coefficient curve of the simulation structure, and obtain the optimal normalized operating frequency based on the curve. The normalized operating frequency corresponds to the position with the largest absolute value of the one-way coefficient in the curve. S5. Based on the normalized operating frequency, the actual operating frequency, and the lattice constant, determine the actual value of the lattice constant of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve, and calculate the radius of the dielectric pillar or hole in the photonic crystal based on the actual value of the lattice constant, thus obtaining the actual structure of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve.

8. The design method of the unidirectional transmission electromagnetic wave Tesla valve according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes: S41. Calculate the power of the input signal during forward transmission. Output signal power Then calculate the forward transmission coefficient of the simulated structure. ; S42. Calculate the power of the input signal during reverse transmission. Output signal power Then calculate the reverse transmission coefficient of the simulated structure. ; S43. Using the forward and reverse transmission coefficients of the simulated structure, the unidirectional coefficient of the simulated structure is calculated: ; S44. Establish a coordinate system with frequency as the abscissa and the calculated one-way coefficient as the ordinate, and plot the curves of the one-way coefficients of the simulation structure at different frequencies in the coordinate system. S45. Based on the plotted unidirectional coefficient curve, obtain the unidirectional coefficient with the largest absolute value and its corresponding frequency, and use this frequency as the normalized working frequency.

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