Miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atomic broadband communication receiver system

Abstract

The invention discloses a miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atomic broadband communication receiver system, which realizes phase locking of probe light and coupling light through an optical frequency comb, realizes coupling of multiple paths of coupling light paths through a wavelength division multiplexing system, reduces the complexity of the system, and improves the system reliability. The optical lens and the glass air chamber are fixed through the hydrogen-oxygen catalytic bonding (HCB) bonding technology, the stability of Rydberg atom system space application is improved, the complexity of the Rydberg atom multi-frequency-point communication system is simplified, the Rydberg atom spectrum measurement range is widened, and the measurement accuracy of the Rydberg atom multi-frequency-point communication system is improved. A multi-frequency-point, miniaturized and ultra-stable communication receiver system can be realized, and a new method is provided for a satellite-borne Rydberg atomic broadband communication receiver.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of quantum precision measurement in space communication, and specifically relates to a communication receiver system which utilizes the Rydberg state of cesium atoms to realize ultra-stable and miniaturized satellite-borne multi-frequency communication. Background Art

[0002] With the development of information technology and communication technology, satellite communication technology has been widely used around the world. Satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage, long communication distance, and high reliability. It has become an indispensable infrastructure in key areas such as global remote communication, navigation positioning, and earth observation. With people's increasing attention to information transmission security and privacy protection, satellite communication systems not only need to meet the basic needs of high efficiency and reliability, but also face the growing spectrum demand and increasingly complex network attack threats. These challenges force researchers to continuously seek new technical means to improve the communication performance and security of satellite systems.

[0003] Although satellite communication technology has made significant progress in transmission capacity and coverage, the traditional single-frequency communication mode has poor information transmission security. The communication bandwidth of the satellite is limited by the carrier center frequency, and the measurement end is easily affected by electromagnetic signal interference, which limits the stability and security of the communication system in complex environments. In response to the above problems, broadband communication technology based on spread spectrum technology is expected to provide an effective solution. Broadband communication technology effectively utilizes frequency resources by transmitting information at multiple frequencies at the same time, improving the anti-interference ability and transmission efficiency of communication. This technology can not only reduce the risk of signal congestion at a single frequency, but also enhance the concealment of communication through frequency hopping and signal confusion, making information transmission more secure and reliable. Therefore, multi-frequency communication technology has broad application prospects in satellite communications and can significantly improve the efficiency and security of communication systems. However, in the current multi-frequency communication technology based on spread spectrum communication, even if an ultra-wideband antenna is used, the antenna measurement bandwidth is limited to no more than 5 times the frequency. It is necessary to rely on multi-aperture antennas or frequency conversion devices to achieve spectrum sensing. These antennas or frequency conversion devices need to tune signals of different frequencies for sensing and analysis respectively, which leads to problems such as high hardware complexity, high system cost, and space and power consumption limitations.

[0004] In view of the above challenges, the present invention focuses on a new type of Rydberg atom receiving system based on quantum physics properties. Utilizing the long coherence time and highly controllable electromagnetic response characteristics of Rydberg atoms in a highly excited state, a set of Rydberg atom receivers can cover the ultra-wide spectrum perception of DC-THz, realizing a reliable communication system with disruptive advantages such as ultra-sensitivity, ultra-wideband, and resistance to electromagnetic damage, and without the need for frequency conversion antennas, a set of Rydberg state atomic receivers can sense and analyze signals at multiple frequency points. This capability comes from the high sensitivity and specific response of Rydberg atoms to electromagnetic waves at different frequencies. Through the precise control of the quantum state, efficient spectrum perception and dynamic spectrum management are achieved. Its all-optical reading method and electromagnetic isolation characteristics give the communication system based on Rydberg atoms a natural ability to resist electromagnetic interference and space radiation, further enhancing the reliability of the system. Therefore, as a receiver for multi-frequency communication, the Rydberg atom's receiving aperture does not change with frequency, which can greatly simplify the design and implementation of the receiving system. Its rich energy level structure can also significantly improve the spectrum utilization efficiency and anti-interference ability of the communication system, bringing technological progress to future intelligent wireless networks and satellite communication systems.

[0005] The present invention aims to develop a miniaturized, high signal-to-noise ratio, and strong stability Rydberg atom communication receiving system suitable for broadband communication. By combining the quantum energy level structure and physical properties of Rydberg atoms, and utilizing optical frequency comb technology (OFC), dense wavelength division multiplexing technology (DWDM), and hydrogen-oxygen catalytic bonding (HCB) bonding technology, a set of satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receivers is designed, which provides an optional new technology for realizing frequency hopping communication (FHC) and also provides technical support for the development of a new generation of military and civilian space communication equipment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The problem to be solved by the technology of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized, highly stable, satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system.

[0007] To achieve the above technical tasks, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In order to realize multi-frequency communication, it is necessary to realize the precise preparation of different Rydberg states at the same time. The present invention proposes that after the detection light passes through the saturated absorption spectrum, the 852nm detection laser is locked to the 6S D2 line of the 133Cs atom. 1 / 2 (F=3,4)-6P 3 / 2(F′=2,3,4,5) and then fed back to the optical frequency comb through the feedback control circuit to achieve the central wavelength f of the optical frequency comb. ceo The locked optical frequency comb is calculated by the formula f n =nf rep +f ceo , calculate the wavelengths of several pump lights near 510nm, and then use the injection locking technology to achieve the phase locking of the pump laser and the output of pump lasers with different wavelengths.

[0008] The locking system of 852nm laser and the wavelength of 852nm laser corresponds to the 6S line of D2 of 133Cs atom 1 / 2 (F=3,4)-6P 3 / 2 On a hyperfine transition line of (F′=2,3,4,5).

[0009] After the 852nm laser system is phase-locked with an optical frequency comb, several pump lights near 510nm are reversely overlapped and pass through the cesium bubble in the room temperature gas chamber. After the detection light is detected by the detector and observed by the spectrum analyzer, the atoms can be prepared to different Rydberg states, ready for the next step of adding microwave signals for communication. In order to achieve microwave communication at different frequency points, the microwave signal needs to be modulated. The specific modulation process can be selected as frequency modulation, amplitude modulation or phase modulation according to needs. The modulated microwave signal acts on the cesium atomic gas chamber through the horn antenna. The horn antenna needs to integrate different microwave frequency bands, so it is integrated in a phased array. When the modulated microwave signal is added, it is detected by the detector and input into the spectrum analyzer for observation, which can achieve the measurement of broadband communication.

[0010] The central wavelength of the pump light is around 510 nm. According to actual needs, the comb tooth spacing of the optical frequency comb can be adjusted or different comb teeth can be selected to achieve the locking of several different pump light lasers.

[0011] The cesium atom gas chamber is specially designed to be in the shape of a cuboid, which reduces the deformation of the cesium bubble glass caused by the traditional blowing method and affects the optical effect. In addition, the cuboid plane structure is conducive to adding electrodes to achieve precise measurement of multi-wave frequencies.

[0012] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0013] The present invention adopts an optical frequency comb to realize phase locking of the detection light and the pump light. At present, the combination of Rydberg atoms and optical combs is limited to locking the pump light or the detection light with the optical comb, and the simultaneous phase locking of the pump light laser and the detection laser with the optical comb has not been realized. The combination of Rydberg atoms and wavelength division multiplexing is also limited to wavelength division multiplexing of one pump light and one detection light, and there is no related prior art for wavelength division multiplexing of multiple lasers for multiple pump lights. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The present invention constitutes the Rydberg atom broadband communication principle diagram

[0015] Figure 2 Atomic energy level transition diagram

[0016] Figure 3 To achieve center frequency locking of optical frequency comb using cesium atomic saturation absorption spectrum

[0017] Figure 4 Phase locking between probe light and coupling light using an optical frequency comb

[0018] Figure 5 Microwave Communication Modulation System

[0019] The symbols in the figure represent the following meanings respectively: 1. optical frequency comb; 2. pump light laser; 3. dense wavelength division multiplexing device; 4. optical fiber amplifier; 5. detection light; 6. beam splitter; 7. cesium bubble in room temperature gas chamber; 8. optical reflector; 9. beam splitter; 10. first detector; 11. saturated absorption spectrum; 12. second detector; 13. horn antenna; 14. base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Based on the existing technology, the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology through research and development, and provides an accurate and effective method for Rydberg atom broadband communication.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a miniaturized, highly stable, satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system. First, the phase locking of the detection light and the coupling light is achieved through an optical frequency comb 1. Pump light lasers 2 of different wavelengths are respectively inserted into a dense wavelength division multiplexing device 3 through optical fibers. The pump light power is amplified by an optical fiber amplifier 4. The detection light 5 is divided into two beams after passing through a beam splitter 9. One beam of light passes through a saturated absorption spectrum 11 and is detected by a second detector 12 and then fed back to the optical frequency comb 1 through a feedback control circuit. The center frequency f of the optical frequency comb is set to 1. ceoIt is locked on a hyperfine transition line from the ground state to the excited state of the Cs atom, and then the multi-path pump light near 510nm is totally reflected by the optical reflector 8, and the detection light of 852nm is totally transmitted. The detection light 5 is totally reflected by the 852nm laser, and after the laser near 510nm is transmitted through the mirror 8, the pump light and the detection light finally overlap in reverse and pass through the cesium bubble 7 in the room temperature gas chamber to detect the signal light. The first detector 10 detects the detection light, and when the modulated microwave communication signal 15 is added by the horn antenna 13, the signal information is finally detected by the spectrum analyzer 16.

[0023] The bottom of the system of the present invention is provided with a stable base 14. The components of the base 14 are fixed by mechanical screws, and the lens and the glass air chamber are fixed by hydrogen-oxygen catalytic bonding (HCB) bonding technology.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention needs to prepare atoms into different Rydberg states. This method uses 852nm light field as the probe light frequency to resonate with the hyperfine transition energy level from |1> to |2>, and prepares the ground state atoms into excited states (from |1> to |2>); multiple laser beams near 510nm are used as coupling light together. The strong coupling light causes the atoms to realize the resonant transition from the excited state |2> to the Rydberg state |n>, and the excited state atoms are prepared into the Rydberg state (|n>). The excitation amplitude from |1> to the two decorated states will be opposite, resulting in the destruction of quantum interference on these two excitation routes. Therefore, a transparent window is opened for the probe light, that is, the probe light transmission is enhanced. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT-electromagnetically induced transparency). Modulated microwaves of different frequencies can excite atoms in different Rydberg states |3> to some other quantum states |n'+1>. If the atomic states of |3> and |4> are appropriately selected, the microwave field can couple |3> and |n'+1>. A third dressed state is introduced into the EIT, which leads to destructive interference of the probe light absorption. This splits the EIT resonance into two, and for the resonant driving field, the new maximum transmission value is determined by the Rabi frequency Ω of the microwave field. MW This is the AT splitting effect of the EIT signal, which is related to the field fed in, so the electric field strength can be measured. After the 852nm probe light is focused by the lens, it propagates in the opposite direction to the 510nm coupled light focused by the lens and acts on the cesium atom sample. The cesium atom gas chamber with electrodes is filled with inert gas. Voltage is applied through the electrode plates (+) and (-). When no microwaves are added, the EIT transmission peak of the three-level structure can be detected. When microwaves are added, the electromagnetic induction transparency condition is destroyed, and the sample atoms strongly absorb the probe light, forming an EIT transmission peak.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2, we designed a scheme in which the detection light and the coupling light are phase-locked:

[0026] Phase noise is converted into intensity noise in the EIT or AT spectrum through the atomic medium, which will eventually affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum. Therefore, we need to phase-lock the probe light and the pump light. It should be noted that three phase locks are involved here: the 1.852nm laser generates a transition saturation spectrum through the atomic gas chamber, and by locking on the atomic hyperfine transition line, the frequency of the atomic probe light is precisely locked; the 2.852nm probe light is locked to a certain comb tooth of the optical frequency comb through the feedback control system; 3. The locked optical frequency comb calculates the wavelength of several pump lights near 510nm by calculating the comb tooth interval, and then the phase locking and frequency output of the pump laser are achieved through injection locking technology.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, the pump laser near 510nm is realized by a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) or an on-chip laser. The optical comb locked at 852nm performs injection locking on pump lasers of various wavelengths. After the lasers of different wavelengths are locked, they are inserted into different input ends of the dense wavelength division multiplexing device according to the needs of preparing different Rydberg states through the optical fiber. The frequency interval of the dense wavelength division multiplexing device is selected as 100GHz or 40GHz as needed. After the beams are combined by the wavelength division multiplexing device, the optical power of the pump light signal is amplified overall through an optical power amplifier (EDFA). Therefore, the present invention needs to select the wavelength range of the pump light according to the specific application scenario to prepare different Rydberg states.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, we give a schematic diagram of microwave modulation based on Rydberg microwave communication. Connect the multi-sequence frequency hopping system based on time-frequency coding to a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope. Before performing the frequency hopping rate test, it is necessary to set the parameters of the frequency hopping system: determine the frequency hopping frequency range, the number of frequency hopping sequences and other parameters of the frequency hopping system; set the starting frequency, the frequency hopping step size and the frequency hopping interval of the frequency hopping system. Start the multi-sequence frequency hopping system and monitor whether the system is running normally: check the output of the frequency hopping system to confirm that the generation and transmission of the frequency hopping sequence are normal. Use a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope to collect the signal output by the frequency hopping system. Make sure that the collected signal covers the entire frequency hopping frequency range. Perform data processing and analysis on the collected frequency hopping signal: the frequency change of the signal can be observed by spectrum analysis and other methods; calculate the frequency hopping rate of the frequency hopping signal, that is, the frequency of the hopping per unit time. The content not described in detail in the present invention belongs to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A miniaturized, highly stable, satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system, characterized in that: The system realizes phase locking of detection light and coupling light through an optical frequency comb (1). Pump light lasers (2) of different wavelengths are respectively inserted into a dense wavelength division multiplexing device (3) through optical fibers. The pump light power is amplified by an optical fiber amplifier (4). The detection light (5) is divided into two beams by a beam splitter (9). One beam of light passes through a saturated absorption spectrum (11), is detected by a second detector (12), and is fed back to the optical frequency comb (1) through a feedback control circuit, so that the center frequency f of the optical frequency comb is adjusted. ceo The invention is locked on a hyperfine transition line from the ground state to the excited state of the Cs atom, and the multi-path pump light near 510nm is totally reflected by an optical reflector (8), and the detection light of 852nm is totally transmitted. After the detection light (5) is totally reflected by the 852nm laser and the laser near 510nm is transmitted by the mirror (8), the pump light and the detection light are reversely overlapped and pass through the cesium bubble (7) in the normal temperature gas chamber to detect the signal light. The first detector (10) detects the detection light, and after adding the modulated microwave communication signal (15) by using the horn antenna (13), the signal information is finally detected by the spectrum analyzer (16).

2. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the detection light (5) passes through the saturation absorption spectrum (11), an atomic hyperfine transition is generated, which is detected by the detector (12) and fed back to the optical frequency comb (1) through the feedback control circuit to achieve the central wavelength f of the optical frequency comb. ceo Lock.

3. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locked optical frequency comb (1) is calculated by the formula f n =nf rep +f ceo , calculate the wavelengths of several pumping lights (2) around 510nm, and then use the injection locking technology to achieve the phase locking of the pumping laser and the output of pumping lasers with different wavelengths; after being multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexing device (3), it is amplified by the optical fiber amplifier (4) and used as the pumping light for Rydberg state preparation.

4. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the phase locking of an optical frequency comb, an 852nm laser system (5) and several pump lights (2) at around 510nm are reversely overlapped and pass through a cesium bubble (7) in a room temperature gas chamber. After the detection light is detected by a first detector (10), it is observed by a spectrum analyzer (16) to prepare atoms into different Rydberg states.

5. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modulated microwave signal (15) acts on the cesium atom gas chamber (7) via the horn antenna (13), is detected by the detector, and is observed by the spectrum analyzer (16), thereby realizing the measurement of broadband communication.

6. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modulated microwave signal (15) is a synthesis of multiple communication frequencies.

7. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horn antenna (13) comprises a phased array antenna integrated with antennas of different bands.

8. The miniaturized high-stability satellite-borne Rydberg atom broadband communication receiver system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the system is provided with a base (14), the base (14) is fixed by mechanical screws, and the lens and the glass air chamber are fixed by hydrogen-oxygen catalytic bonding (HCB) bonding technology.

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