Adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle, and relates to the technical field of signal processing, and the method comprises the steps: 1, obtaining the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; calculating an electromagnetic field feature vector, and calculating a transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector; 2, calculating a propagation constant of a high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; calculating the characteristic impedance of a high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; 3, calculating a reflection coefficient; calculating an impedance error; step 4, calculating a compensation parameter vector, and generating a control signal by using an adaptive control theory according to the compensation parameter vector; and calculating the impedance matching degree according to the control signal. According to the invention, impedance change in a complex environment can be accurately dealt with, signal reflection and energy loss are significantly reduced, and transmission efficiency and signal integrity are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and in particular relates to an adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the rapid development of new energy vehicles, high-frequency signal transmission technology has become one of the core technologies to support vehicle intelligence, networking and efficient energy management. Especially in vehicle communications, energy management modules and autonomous driving perception systems, the reliable transmission of high-frequency signals plays a vital role in the stability and performance of the system. However, existing technologies still face a series of challenges in high-frequency signal transmission, mainly focusing on signal integrity, transmission efficiency and anti-interference capabilities. These problems are particularly prominent in the complex electromagnetic environment of new energy vehicles, which has a profound impact on the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0003] At present, high-frequency signal transmission technology has been widely used in power electronics, communication equipment, smart cars and other fields. For the impedance matching problem in the signal transmission process, traditional technology is mainly implemented through static design methods. For example, fixed characteristic impedance design, matching network optimization or load adjustment are used to reduce reflection and loss in the signal transmission path. These methods can effectively improve the signal transmission efficiency in theory, but there are great limitations in practical applications. In terms of fixed characteristic impedance design, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is determined by the precise selection of geometric dimensions (such as conductor radius, spacing) and dielectric material properties (such as dielectric constant, magnetic permeability). This method shows a high degree of matching in laboratory environments, but in practical applications, changes in signal frequency, changes in transmission path length, and uncertainty in load conditions will cause the impedance to deviate from the design value, thereby causing signal reflection and energy loss. In addition, fixed impedance design is difficult to adapt to impedance changes in dynamic environments, such as dynamic changes in material properties during vehicle driving, enhanced electromagnetic interference, and the impact of complex environments on signal propagation paths. On the other hand, matching network optimization technology adjusts the impedance in the transmission path by introducing external matching circuits (such as inductor and capacitor networks). However, such matching networks are usually designed based on specific frequencies and fixed load conditions. When the signal frequency or load state changes, the performance of the matching network will drop significantly. In addition, the addition of matching networks introduces additional signal attenuation and delay, reducing the overall efficiency of the system. In high-frequency signal transmission, this additional energy loss may cause a significant decrease in signal amplitude and have a negative impact on the stability of the transmission path. In order to cope with the above problems, adaptive impedance matching technology has gradually become a research hotspot. This type of technology monitors the impedance state of the system in real time and dynamically adjusts the transmission line characteristics according to the measurement results, thereby achieving real-time optimization matching of the signal. For example, some existing studies have adopted a dynamic matching method based on the power reflection coefficient to reduce reflections by adjusting the electrical characteristics of external components. However, the dynamic response speed of this type of technology is limited, and it is difficult to cope with the complex dynamic change scenarios in new energy vehicles. In addition, the existing adaptive matching methods usually require additional circuit design and high-cost hardware support, which is difficult to promote in large-scale mass production applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive impedance matching method for high-frequency signal transmission connectors of new energy vehicles, which can accurately respond to impedance changes in complex environments, significantly reduce signal reflection and energy loss, and improve transmission efficiency and signal integrity. At the same time, it has the significant advantages of fast response, high matching accuracy, strong environmental adaptability and low implementation cost, and provides comprehensive technical support for the efficient and stable transmission of high-frequency signals in new energy vehicles.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] An adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles, the method comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and calculate its electromagnetic field characteristic vector in combination with the physical parameters to characterize its electromagnetic field intensity distribution; according to the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, combined with the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector;

[0008] Step 2: Calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle according to the element value in the transmission line distribution vector; Calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle by combining the propagation constant and the element value in the transmission line distribution vector;

[0009] Step 3: Calculate the reflection coefficient based on the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle and the characteristic impedance; calculate the impedance error based on the reflection coefficient, the incident power and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle;

[0010] Step 4: Calculate the compensation parameter vector based on the impedance error, and generate a control signal based on the compensation parameter vector using adaptive control theory; the control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to achieve impedance matching; calculate the impedance matching degree based on the control signal.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle include at least: connector cross-sectional area, relative magnetic permeability, relative dielectric constant, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle and transmission line length.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, the electromagnetic field eigenvector is calculated using the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] Where x is the transmission distance; is the electromagnetic field characteristic vector; t is time; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the connector; ∈ r is the relative dielectric constant; μ r is the relative magnetic permeability; α is the attenuation coefficient; dS is the area integral variable; × is the vector cross multiplication operation.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the transmission line distribution vector C of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, L d (x) is the first element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed inductance; C d (x) is the second element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed capacitance; R d (x) is the third element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed resistance; G d (x) is the fourth element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed conductance; a is the radius of the inner conductor; b is the radius of the outer conductor; σ c is the conductivity of the conductor; tanδ is the dielectric loss tangent; is the modulus of the electromagnetic field eigenvector.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle is calculated by the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, γ(x,ω) is the propagation constant when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; ω = 2πf; f is the frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and its value is greater than or equal to 10kHz; φ em is the electromagnetic field phase difference; use the following formula to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, Z c (x,ω) is the characteristic impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; θ z is the impedance phase angle.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, Z L (x, ω) is the load impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; Γ(x, ω) is the reflection coefficient when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; l is the length of the transmission line; the impedance error is calculated by the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] Where ΔZ is the impedance error; Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance; P in is the incident power; P ref is the reflected power.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 4, the compensation parameter vector is calculated by the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, L c is the first element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation inductance; C c is the second element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation capacitor; R c The third element of the compensation parameter vector D is the compensation resistor; is the real part of the calculated impedance error; φ Γ is the phase angle of the reflection coefficient.

[0031] Furthermore, in step 4, the control signal is generated using the adaptive control theory through the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] Where τ is the time variable; dτ is the time integral variable; K is the total control order; k is the integer subscript index; V ctrl (t) is the control signal at time t; τ k is the k-th order time constant, is the set value; is the k-th derivative of the impedance error ΔZ with respect to time t.

[0034] Furthermore, in step 4, the impedance matching is calculated by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] Where ∠γ(x,ω) is the phase angle of the propagation constant; V max is the maximum control voltage.

[0037] The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention realizes comprehensive modeling of the electromagnetic characteristics of the transmission path and the law of signal propagation through the dynamic calculation of the electromagnetic field characteristic vector and the transmission line distribution vector. Traditional impedance matching methods usually rely on fixed design parameters and are difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in practical applications. In combination with the special needs of new energy vehicles, the present invention adopts a method of real-time calculation of the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, and comprehensively considers the geometric factors, material properties and energy distribution characteristics in the process of high-frequency signal propagation. Through this modeling process, the present invention can accurately capture the complex electromagnetic behavior in the process of signal propagation, and lays an accurate foundation for the subsequent calculation of propagation constants and characteristic impedances. Compared with traditional static design, the dynamic modeling method of the present invention significantly improves the parameter adaptability in the process of signal transmission. The present invention accurately describes the energy loss and phase change in the process of signal propagation by introducing the dynamic calculation of propagation constants and characteristic impedances. This method can not only evaluate the impedance matching state in real time, but also reveal the influence of impedance mismatch on signal transmission in a quantitative way. The calculation of the propagation constant combines the transmission line distribution parameters, signal frequency and load conditions, and comprehensively reflects the attenuation characteristics and phase shift law of the signal in the transmission path. The dynamic calculation of characteristic impedance provides an accurate reference value for the matching target, so that the system can flexibly adjust the matching strategy according to the actual impedance state. Through the real-time update of these two core parameters, the present invention can quickly optimize impedance matching under different frequencies, loads and transmission path conditions, ensuring the efficient transmission of high-frequency signals. On this basis, the present invention further realizes a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the system matching state by calculating the reflection coefficient and impedance error. The reflection coefficient describes the reflection characteristics of the signal at the load interface, while the impedance error quantifies the deviation between the current impedance state and the ideal matching state. These parameters not only provide accurate feedback data for dynamic compensation, but also improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the matching state through modeling of multiple reflections and energy superposition effects. In particular, after introducing the transmission path length and power ratio terms, the present invention can effectively capture the complex influencing factors in long-distance transmission, thereby realizing dynamic optimization of signal transmission performance. More importantly, the present invention adopts a dynamic compensation method based on compensation parameter vector and adaptive control theory to adjust the electromagnetic characteristics in the transmission path by generating control signals in real time. Compared with the traditional static matching network, the dynamic compensation method of the present invention has the advantages of fast response and high-precision adjustment. The compensation parameter vector integrates the real part of the impedance error, the phase angle of the reflection coefficient, and the dynamic characteristics of the signal frequency, ensuring that the calculation results of the compensation inductance, capacitance, and resistance can adapt to system changes in real time. By controlling the exponential decay of the signal and the multi-order time adjustment mechanism, the present invention can not only quickly respond to sudden impedance deviations, but also effectively compensate for long-term trends, significantly improving the stability and robustness of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method flow chart of an adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1: Reference Figure 1 , an adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle, the method comprising:

[0041] Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and calculate its electromagnetic field characteristic vector in combination with the physical parameters to characterize its electromagnetic field intensity distribution; according to the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, combined with the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector;

[0042] Due to its special working environment, the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles usually needs to transmit high-frequency signals in a complex electromagnetic environment. In this environment, the physical parameters of the connector (including geometric dimensions, material properties, etc.) will significantly affect its electromagnetic field distribution and signal transmission performance. Therefore, accurately obtaining these physical parameters is the basis for achieving adaptive impedance matching. Specifically, the geometric dimensions determine the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal propagation path, while the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the material directly affect the propagation speed and energy loss of the electromagnetic field. By combining these physical parameters, the inherent electromagnetic characteristics of the connector can be preliminarily characterized, providing initial conditions for the subsequent calculation of its electromagnetic field distribution. However, physical parameters alone cannot fully describe the electromagnetic behavior of the connector under dynamic working conditions. Therefore, combining the collection of local electromagnetic field data becomes the key. Through high-precision electromagnetic field detectors or simulation tools based on the finite element method, the local electric field strength and magnetic field strength distribution in the working area of ​​the connector can be obtained in real time. The electric field strength reflects the potential difference generated during signal transmission, while the magnetic field strength reflects the distribution and change law of the signal current in space. These data can be further calculated to obtain the characteristic vector representing the electromagnetic field strength distribution by combining them with the physical parameters of the connector. The electromagnetic field eigenvector reflects the concentration and distribution of electromagnetic field energy in space in a physical sense, and is a direct reflection of the signal propagation performance of the connector. The calculation of the electromagnetic field eigenvector is a key task, which involves a comprehensive analysis of the energy density of the electric field and the magnetic field. When a high-frequency signal propagates in a connector, its energy is distributed in space in the form of an electromagnetic field, and this distribution is affected by the complexity of the connector structure and the material properties. By calculating the electromagnetic field eigenvector, the energy distribution differences caused by these factors during the propagation of high-frequency signals can be effectively captured. The eigenvector not only provides detailed information about the local electromagnetic environment of the connector, but also provides data support for the subsequent calculation of the transmission line distribution vector. Combining the electromagnetic field eigenvector with the physical parameters of the connector, the transmission line distribution vector can be further constructed to describe the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal in the transmission line. The physical significance of this process is that the local electromagnetic field distribution is mapped to the overall signal propagation path, thereby revealing the propagation law of the high-frequency signal in the connector. The transmission line distribution vector not only reflects the spatial characteristics of the signal propagation process, but also includes the influence of the transmission line geometry and material parameters on the signal propagation. In this way, a more comprehensive and accurate input can be provided for the calculation of the propagation constant and characteristic impedance in the subsequent steps.

[0043] Step 2: Calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle according to the element value in the transmission line distribution vector; Calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle by combining the propagation constant and the element value in the transmission line distribution vector;

[0044] The propagation constant is a complex parameter that describes the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals in the connector, which includes two parts: the attenuation constant and the phase shift constant. The attenuation constant reflects the amplitude attenuation caused by factors such as conductor loss and dielectric loss during the propagation of the signal, while the phase shift constant describes the time delay caused by the phase change during the propagation of the signal. The accurate calculation of these two quantities depends on the element values ​​in the transmission line distribution vector, which represent the local distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field in space, and combined with the physical parameters such as the dielectric constant, magnetic permeability and resistivity of the connector material, provide the necessary conditions for the derivation of the propagation constant. Through the interaction of these parameters, the propagation behavior of the signal in the transmission line can be fully characterized, revealing the coupling relationship between the connector structure and the propagation of high-frequency signals. On the other hand, the characteristic impedance, as an inherent characteristic of the transmission line, characterizes the voltage-to-current ratio of the high-frequency signal under non-reflection conditions, and is an important indicator affecting signal integrity. The calculation of the characteristic impedance also depends on the input of the transmission line distribution vector, because it not only depends on the geometric dimensions of the transmission line, but also is affected by the electromagnetic properties of the material and the signal frequency. During the transmission process of high-frequency signals, a skin effect will be formed on the surface of the conductor and a displacement current will be generated in the medium. These phenomena are accurately captured in the transmission line distribution vector. Combined with these data, the complex form of the characteristic impedance can be calculated by mathematical modeling to describe the energy transfer efficiency of the signal during the propagation process. The physical significance of step 2 is not only to accurately describe the propagation constant and characteristic impedance, but also to reveal the electromagnetic behavior characteristics of the connector through these parameters. The size of the propagation constant directly affects the bandwidth and transmission loss of the signal, and the matching degree of the characteristic impedance determines the efficiency and stability of energy transmission. In the complex electromagnetic environment of new energy vehicles, connectors need to cope with multiple challenges such as high signal frequency and strong external interference. Therefore, accurate parameter calculation is particularly important. The present invention combines physical parameters and electromagnetic field characteristics, and uses transmission line distribution vectors to achieve high-precision calculation of propagation constants and characteristic impedances, breaking through the limitations of traditional methods that rely on static assumptions, and significantly improving the dynamic adaptability and environmental robustness of parameter calculations. In addition, the calculation process of step 2 provides key data support for impedance matching. The propagation constant and characteristic impedance are not only basic parameters for describing the transmission performance of high-frequency signals, but also important indicators for evaluating the impedance matching effect. The value of characteristic impedance directly determines the target state of matching, while the calculation result of propagation constant provides the necessary conditions for the derivation of reflection coefficient. Through this step of parameterized calculation, a solid theoretical foundation can be laid for the generation of control signals in subsequent steps, making the realization of impedance matching more scientific, accurate and efficient.

[0045] Step 3: Calculate the reflection coefficient based on the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle and the characteristic impedance; calculate the impedance error based on the reflection coefficient, the incident power and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle;

[0046] The reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes the signal reflection characteristics at the connector interface, and its calculation depends on the ratio of characteristic impedance to load impedance. The propagation of high-frequency signals in the transmission line is significantly affected by the impedance distribution. When the characteristic impedance and the load impedance are completely matched, the signal energy can be transmitted without reflection; when the two do not match, part of the signal energy will be reflected back to the signal source, forming a standing wave effect. The size of the reflection coefficient is not only related to the design parameters of the connector, but also affected by the signal frequency and material properties. When calculating the reflection coefficient, it is necessary to combine the characteristic impedance obtained in the previous step to accurately quantify the degree of impedance mismatch at the interface through a mathematical model, thereby providing a basis for further analysis of energy distribution. After calculating the reflection coefficient, the impedance error is further calculated by combining the incident power and the reflected power. The incident power represents the total energy emitted from the source to the entrance of the connector, and is the initial energy reference of the entire signal transmission process; the reflected power describes the energy reflux caused by impedance mismatch, representing the energy loss in the system. By comparing the incident power with the reflected power, the actual energy deviation caused by impedance mismatch, that is, the impedance error, can be calculated. Impedance error is essentially a quantitative expression of energy loss. It links electromagnetic characteristics with transmission performance and provides a more comprehensive perspective for describing the working state of the connector. The calculation process of impedance error also needs to consider the frequency characteristics of the signal and the energy loss in the propagation path. Due to the volatility of high-frequency signals, they are easily affected by material properties, geometry and external electromagnetic interference during the propagation process, which increases the complexity of reflection coefficient and error calculation. Therefore, by combining the propagation constant, characteristic impedance and local electromagnetic field eigenvector, the energy change on the signal propagation path can be more accurately modeled and calculated. This process uses the multi-dimensional parameter data obtained in the previous steps to couple the propagation characteristics of the signal in the connector with the overall energy transfer model, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for the implementation of subsequent matching and compensation strategies. In principle, the essence of step 3 is to decompose and quantify the energy behavior of high-frequency signals in the transmission line, further revealing the relationship between signal transmission efficiency and impedance characteristics. By calculating the reflection coefficient, the proportion and direction of signal reflection can be clarified; by calculating the impedance error, the degree of deviation of impedance matching can be quantified. These two core parameters not only describe the key characteristics of the signal during transmission, but also provide dynamic input for subsequent impedance adjustment. As a feedback quantity, impedance error can reflect the gap between the current connector status and the ideal transmission condition, and quantify this gap through mathematical models. Combining these calculation results can provide direct input for subsequent generation of control signals and impedance matching.

[0047] Step 4: Calculate the compensation parameter vector based on the impedance error, and generate a control signal based on the compensation parameter vector using adaptive control theory; the control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to achieve impedance matching; calculate the impedance matching degree based on the control signal.

[0048] First, the impedance error, as the core quantity of system feedback, is a quantitative expression of the deviation between the current impedance state of the connector and the ideal impedance matching state. In high-frequency signal transmission, this deviation directly determines the efficiency of energy transmission and signal integrity, so its calculation result directly affects the generation of compensation parameters. In step 4, the impedance error is mapped to a compensation parameter vector through a specific algorithm. The physical meaning of the compensation parameter vector is that it decomposes the impact of the impedance error into a series of adjustable components related to the physical characteristics of the transmission line, thereby providing an accurate adjustment basis for subsequent voltage control. This process is actually the reverse modeling of the electromagnetic field changes during signal transmission, and the dynamic adjustment of the overall impedance is achieved by compensating for each parameter. Next, the adaptive control theory is applied to generate control signals by taking the compensation parameter vector as input. The principle of adaptive control is to dynamically adjust the control strategy according to the real-time feedback of the system to adapt to changes in the environment or system parameters. In the high-frequency signal transmission of new energy vehicles, factors such as ambient temperature, material properties, and external electromagnetic interference may cause uncertain changes in impedance. Therefore, adaptive control can generate a control signal for controlling the connector voltage by real-time tracking of the impedance error and dynamic adjustment of the compensation parameters. The generation of the control signal is not a simple linear mapping, but a combination of the distribution characteristics of the transmission line and the complex coupling of the electromagnetic behavior of the connector. The mathematical model accurately describes the effect of voltage regulation on impedance matching. Voltage regulation is the core operation of step 4. By applying appropriate voltage adjustment to the connector, the electromagnetic field distribution in the signal propagation path can be changed, thereby achieving dynamic matching of the characteristic impedance. The physical basis of this adjustment method is that the characteristic impedance of the transmission line not only depends on the geometric size and material properties, but is also directly affected by external conditions such as voltage and current. By controlling the voltage, the system can flexibly adjust the impedance characteristics of the connector within a certain range to achieve a higher degree of matching with the load impedance. The effect of voltage regulation is directly fed back to the reflection coefficient and impedance error to form a closed-loop control loop, thereby ensuring the dynamic adaptability and stability of the system. Finally, the calculation of matching degree provides a quantitative evaluation standard for the entire impedance matching process. Matching degree is essentially a quantitative description of the impedance matching state of the system. The closer its value is to 1, the higher the transmission efficiency of the signal energy. The calculation result of matching degree is not only used to evaluate the current control effect, but also used as a performance indicator of the adaptive control system to guide the next compensation and adjustment strategy. Through such a closed-loop feedback process, step 4 realizes the dynamic impedance matching of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles, ensuring efficient signal transmission and stable operation of the system.

[0049] Example 2: In step 1, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle include at least: connector cross-sectional area, relative magnetic permeability, relative dielectric constant, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle and transmission line length.

[0050] Specifically, the cross-sectional area of ​​the connector determines the spatial range of the signal propagation path, which directly affects the conductor resistance and the degree of skin effect. In high-frequency signals, the current tends to concentrate on the surface of the conductor, and conductors with larger cross-sectional areas can effectively reduce the loss caused by the skin effect and improve the signal transmission efficiency. The cross-sectional area is also closely related to the distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field, which has a direct impact on the capacitance and inductance characteristics of the connector. The relative permeability describes the magnetic properties of the material in the connector, that is, the material's ability to conduct magnetic fields. High permeability materials can enhance the magnetic field strength in the transmission line and help improve the inductance characteristics of signal transmission. However, excessive permeability may cause hysteresis losses and parasitic effects, so it is necessary to balance material selection to achieve efficient transmission. The relative dielectric constant reflects the responsiveness of the dielectric material to the electric field, which directly affects the signal propagation speed and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. High dielectric constant materials can reduce the phase velocity of signal propagation, thereby shortening the physical length of the transmission line. But at the same time, it will also increase the capacitance effect, which poses a challenge to the integrity of high-frequency signals. The inner conductor radius and the outer conductor radius determine the geometric characteristics of the coaxial connector, and their ratio has a direct impact on the characteristic impedance. Characteristic impedance is usually determined by the spacing between conductors and the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding medium. Adjusting the inner and outer conductor radii can accurately adjust the characteristic impedance to the design value. In addition, these parameters also affect the conductor resistance and skin effect. Conductor conductivity reflects the material's ability to conduct current. High-conductivity materials (such as copper or silver) can significantly reduce conductor loss in transmission lines, thereby improving signal transmission efficiency. In high-frequency signals, the effect of conductivity on energy loss is particularly significant, because high-frequency currents are mainly concentrated on the surface of the conductor, and the size of the surface resistance is directly determined by the conductivity. Frequency is one of the basic properties of a signal, and the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals are highly dependent on frequency. As the frequency increases, the skin effect increases, and the loss of conductors and dielectrics also increases significantly. In addition, the signal frequency also determines the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, which in turn affects the impedance matching and electromagnetic field distribution of the transmission line. The dielectric loss angle describes the degree of energy loss of the dielectric material under the action of the electric field, and is an important parameter for measuring dielectric efficiency. The larger the loss angle, the more energy is converted into heat energy, resulting in a decrease in the amplitude of the signal during propagation. Selecting materials with low loss angles can significantly improve the transmission quality of high-frequency signals. The length of the transmission line directly determines the total path of signal propagation and is closely related to insertion loss and phase delay. A shorter transmission line can reduce signal loss and phase distortion, but may produce standing waves at certain frequencies.

[0051] Embodiment 3: In step 1, the electromagnetic field characteristic vector is calculated using the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] Where x is the transmission distance; is the electromagnetic field characteristic vector; t is time; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the connector; ∈ r is the relative dielectric constant; μ r is the relative magnetic permeability; α is the attenuation coefficient; dS is the area integral variable; × is the vector cross multiplication operation.

[0054] Specifically, the formula first involves the vector cross operation of the electric field and the magnetic field, which characterizes the energy propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave. The electric field strength and the magnetic field strength describe the potential gradient caused by the charge distribution and the magnetic field gradient generated by the current distribution, respectively. Their interaction is the core mechanism in high-frequency signal transmission. Through the vector cross multiplication operation, the formula obtains the Poynting vector, which is a vector description of the instantaneous power density and reflects the flow direction and intensity of electromagnetic energy. This means that at a specific point with a transmission distance of x and a time of t, the Poynting vector can provide information about the local distribution of signal energy in space, which is crucial for accurately modeling signal transmission characteristics. Next, the formula is multiplied by The Poynting vector is normalized. This normalization factor is closely related to the electromagnetic properties of the dielectric material, where the relative dielectric constant ∈ r Describes the response of dielectric materials to electric fields, relative magnetic permeability μ r This method ensures that the calculation results of the eigenvector can be applied to different material environments, thereby improving the universality of the formula. Through this normalization, the formula uniformly expresses the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals in various media, which is particularly important for the application of diversified materials in new energy vehicles. Another key component of the formula is the exponential decay term e -αx, which describes the attenuation law of signal energy during transmission. The attenuation coefficient α combines the effects of dielectric loss and conductor loss and is an important characteristic of high-frequency signal propagation. In practical applications, the degree of signal attenuation is closely related to frequency, material conductivity, and dielectric loss angle. As the transmission distance x increases, the signal energy decays exponentially, which is particularly evident in high-frequency signals. By introducing this term, the formula can accurately characterize the change of signal energy with distance and provide key dynamic information for subsequent impedance matching. In order to fully describe the electromagnetic field distribution, the formula integrates the cross-sectional area S of the connector. This part aims to capture the global energy distribution characteristics in the signal propagation path. Since the distribution of the electromagnetic field on the cross section of the transmission line is usually uneven, it is difficult to reflect the characteristics of the entire system by relying only on the information of local points. Therefore, by integrating the cross-sectional area, the formula realizes the overall characterization of the electromagnetic behavior on the transmission path, thereby providing basic data for the calculation of the transmission line distribution vector. The physical significance of this integration operation is to transform the complex local electromagnetic phenomenon into a global description, so that the eigenvector can more comprehensively reflect the key physical processes in signal transmission. From the overall structure of the formula, the calculation of the electromagnetic field eigenvector not only focuses on the instantaneous behavior of the signal, but also deeply couples the dynamic changes of the electromagnetic field with the characteristics of the transmission line through the global description of space and time. This process reveals the complex energy interaction mechanism of high-frequency signals in the transmission connector of new energy vehicles. By combining the local dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic response capability of the medium, and the propagation law of the signal energy, the eigenvector accurately characterizes the energy distribution and changes of the high-frequency signal during the transmission process, providing data support and theoretical basis for the subsequent realization of impedance matching. This modeling method based on the electromagnetic field eigenvector has important application value in new energy vehicles. High-frequency signal transmission connectors usually need to face complex electromagnetic environments and variable working conditions, and the formula comprehensively considers the dynamic changes of the electromagnetic field, the properties of the medium, and the energy attenuation, which can fully reflect the key influencing factors in signal propagation. Through this formula, the system can accurately quantify the electromagnetic behavior of the signal under different transmission conditions, thereby providing accurate input for the subsequent calculation of the propagation constant, characteristic impedance, and reflection coefficient. This method not only improves the accuracy of system modeling, but also lays a solid foundation for the realization of adaptive impedance matching methods through dynamic analysis.

[0055] Embodiment 4: In step 1, the transmission line distribution vector C of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, L d (x) is the first element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed inductance; C d(x) is the second element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed capacitance; R d (x) is the third element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed resistance; G d (x) is the fourth element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed conductance; a is the radius of the inner conductor; b is the radius of the outer conductor; σ c is the conductivity of the conductor; tanδ is the dielectric loss tangent; is the modulus of the electromagnetic field eigenvector.

[0058] Specifically, in transmission line theory, the distributed inductance L d (x) is an important parameter that characterizes the magnetic field energy storage capacity per unit length of the transmission line. In the formula, L d (x) is calculated by the logarithmic function of the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the conductor, and its core basis is the classical theory of magnetic field distribution in coaxial transmission lines. The magnetic field is mainly generated by the current flowing through the conductor, and the geometric dimensions of the transmission line determine the distribution of the magnetic field in space. The vacuum permeability μ0 involved in the formula reflects the basic relationship between the magnetic field and the current, while the logarithmic function reveals the modulation effect of the conductor's geometric dimensions on the magnetic field distribution. The greater the distance between the inner and outer conductors, the more uniform the distribution of the magnetic field, and the lower the corresponding inductance per unit length. Therefore, the calculation of distributed inductance not only reflects the influence of geometric dimensions on the magnetic field effect, but also provides key support for modeling phase shift characteristics in high-frequency signal propagation. Distributed capacitance C d (x) is a parameter that describes the electric field energy storage capacity per unit length of the transmission line. Its calculation formula directly depends on the dielectric constant and geometric parameters. The electric field is generated in the transmission line by the potential difference between the conductors, and its distribution characteristics are significantly affected by the properties of the transmission line medium. The formula combines the vacuum dielectric constant ∈0 and the relative dielectric constant ∈ r , which describes the medium's ability to respond to the electric field. In addition, the calculation of distributed capacitance also involves the logarithmic function of the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the conductor, which reflects the effect of the conductor spacing on the electric field distribution. The choice of dielectric material will directly affect the size of the distributed capacitance. A higher dielectric constant can improve the electric field energy storage capacity, but it may also introduce additional losses. Therefore, the calculation of distributed capacitance is not only a basic parameter for signal energy transfer, but also provides a theoretical basis for understanding the propagation characteristics of high-frequency signals under different dielectric conditions.

[0059] Distributed resistance R d (x) represents the degree of signal energy loss in the transmission line. Its core physical mechanism is the skin effect and the influence of conductor conductivity. In high-frequency signals, the current is mainly concentrated on the surface of the conductor, so the surface resistance becomes the main source of loss. In the formula, the calculation of distributed resistance depends on the modulus of the electromagnetic field eigenvector This design directly introduces the dynamic electromagnetic energy distribution in the transmission line into the resistance calculation. The electromagnetic field eigenvector modulus reflects the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic field during signal propagation. c Combined, the formula can dynamically describe the energy loss in signal propagation. The size of the distributed resistance directly affects the signal amplitude attenuation and is an important indicator of energy efficiency in high-frequency signal transmission. Distributed conductivity G d (x) reflects the leakage conductance effect of the dielectric material in the transmission line, which is determined by the dielectric loss angle tanδ and the signal frequency ω. In high-frequency signals, non-ideal dielectric materials will cause leakage current due to polarization, which in turn leads to energy loss. The formula is obtained by combining the distributed conductance with the dielectric capacitance ωC d (x) combined with the loss angle reveals the enhancement effect of signal frequency on dielectric loss. During high-frequency signal propagation, the higher the frequency, the more significant the leakage conductance effect, and the stronger the amplitude attenuation and phase distortion of the signal. The calculation of distributed conductance provides a quantitative description for understanding the propagation behavior of signals in the medium, and also provides a reference for optimizing the selection of transmission line materials. The formula as a whole adopts a matrix operation form, and the input vector includes key parameters such as the modulus of the electromagnetic field eigenvector, relative dielectric constant, and conductivity. The design of the matrix fully considers the multiple physical effects in signal propagation. By coupling geometric parameters, electromagnetic properties, and material properties in a unified model, the formula can flexibly adapt to different transmission conditions. The advantage of this matrix operation form is that it can quickly calculate the dynamic distribution characteristics of the transmission line in a complex environment, and provide high-precision input data for subsequent propagation constant and characteristic impedance calculations.

[0060] Embodiment 5: In step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle is calculated by the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Wherein, γ(x,ω) is the propagation constant when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; ω = 2πf; f is the frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and its value is greater than or equal to 10kHz; φ em is the electromagnetic field phase difference; use the following formula to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, Z c (x,ω) is the characteristic impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; θ z is the impedance phase angle.

[0065] Specifically, the definition of the propagation constant γ(x,ω) combines the distributed resistance R of the transmission lined (x), distributed inductance L d (x), distributed conductivity G d (x) and distributed capacitance C d (x). These parameters respectively describe the energy loss and energy storage effect of the signal in the transmission line due to material properties and geometric characteristics. The propagation constant is a complex number. The real part corresponds to the attenuation characteristics of the signal during propagation, and the imaginary part represents the rate of change of the signal phase. In high-frequency signal transmission, the signal will be affected by the skin effect, dielectric loss, and conductor loss, causing the signal amplitude to decay exponentially with distance. At the same time, due to the volatility of electromagnetic waves, the signal will produce a phase shift during propagation, and this shift directly affects the time characteristics and integrity of the signal. The formula establishes a dynamic description model of the propagation constant by combining the distributed parameters of the transmission line with the relationship between frequency and transmission distance. In particular, the product term It embodies the coupling effect between impedance and admittance, and reveals the interaction of different physical factors in signal propagation. The exponential correction term exp(-jφ in the propagation constant em ) further considered the impact of the phase difference of the electromagnetic field on signal propagation. The phase difference of the electromagnetic field comes from the dynamic interaction of the electric field and the magnetic field. Especially at high frequencies, the propagation of electromagnetic waves is subject to complex interference from the medium properties and the external environment. These factors jointly determine the actual phase characteristics of signal propagation. By introducing this correction term, the phase description of the propagation constant is closer to the actual situation, providing higher accuracy for subsequent calculations. As a comprehensive characteristic parameter, the complex modulus value of the propagation constant describes the total attenuation of the signal, while the imaginary part reflects the phase deviation rate. This information is crucial for evaluating signal integrity and efficiency in new energy vehicle transmission systems.

[0066] On the other hand, the characteristic impedance Z c The calculation of (x,ω) directly depends on the result of the propagation constant, and further combines the distributed parameter characteristics of the transmission line. Characteristic impedance is defined as the ratio of signal voltage to current under non-reflection conditions, which is the target parameter to be achieved in the impedance matching process. In the formula, the numerator (R d (x)+jωL d (x)) and the denominator (G d (x)+jωC d (x)) correspond to the total impedance and total admittance of the transmission line respectively, and their ratio reflects the response characteristics of the transmission line to the signal voltage and current. Due to the dynamic characteristics of signal propagation, the characteristic impedance is not just a static parameter, it is also affected by the frequency and the distribution parameters of the transmission line. The propagation constant phase normalization term in the formula This ensures that the calculation of characteristic impedance can accurately reflect the phase relationship in the transmission line. In addition, the exponential term exp(jθz ) introduces the dynamic correction of the impedance phase angle. This term takes into account the effect of the phase shift of the high-frequency signal on the impedance matching during the transmission process. In practical applications, due to changes in signal frequency and transmission distance, the impedance characteristics of the transmission line may deviate from the ideal state, and the phase angle correction term adjusts the phase description of the characteristic impedance to enable the impedance matching process to adapt to the dynamic environment more accurately. This design ensures the correctness of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line under different frequency and spatial conditions. The propagation constant and the characteristic impedance formula are interrelated and jointly describe the core physical process in the high-frequency signal transmission system of new energy vehicles. The propagation constant reveals the law of energy transfer and phase change of the signal, while the characteristic impedance provides a specific impedance target for achieving low reflection and high-efficiency signal transmission. The calculation of the two depends not only on the distributed parameters of the transmission line, but also combines the frequency, transmission distance and electromagnetic field characteristics, so that the formula can fully adapt to the complex working environment of new energy vehicles.

[0067] Example 6: In step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, Z L (x, ω) is the load impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; Γ(x, ω) is the reflection coefficient when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; l is the length of the transmission line; the impedance error is calculated by the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Where ΔZ is the impedance error; Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance; P in is the incident power; P ref is the reflected power.

[0072] Specifically, the reflection coefficient is calculated based on the load impedance Z L (x,ω) and characteristic impedance Z c The formula is based on the relationship between (x, ω), which describes the response characteristics of the load and transmission line to the signal respectively. The formula accurately quantifies the degree of impedance mismatch by calculating the ratio of the difference between the load impedance and the characteristic impedance to the sum. The numerator (Z L (x,ω)-Z c (x,ω)) directly reflects the magnitude of the impedance deviation. When the load impedance is completely matched with the characteristic impedance, this term is zero, indicating that the signal can be transmitted to the load without reflection, thus achieving the best transmission efficiency. When there is a deviation between the two, the larger the value of the numerator, the larger the absolute value of the reflection coefficient, indicating that the higher the proportion of energy reflection, the worse the transmission performance of the system. The denominator (Z L (x,ω)+Zc (x,ω)) is used to normalize the reflection coefficient so that its value always remains in the range of [-1,1]. This normalization design ensures that the physical meaning of the reflection coefficient is clear and easy to understand, and at the same time provides convenience for dynamic monitoring and matching optimization of the system. In order to more realistically describe the behavior of the signal in the transmission line, an attenuation correction term exp[-2γ(x,ω)l] is also introduced into the reflection coefficient formula. The propagation constant γ(x,ω) combines the attenuation characteristics and phase change of the signal, and its value is determined by the distribution parameters of the transmission line and the signal frequency. The transmission line length l describes the spatial range of the signal propagation path. This correction term reflects the energy loss of the signal during the propagation process in an exponential form. Even if there is impedance mismatch at the interface, the reflection effect of the signal will gradually weaken as the propagation distance increases. This design is particularly suitable for long-distance signal transmission scenarios because it takes into account the multiple effects of the transmission line on the signal reflection, including not only the reflection at the initial interface, but also the attenuation and phase effects during the propagation process. By combining the propagation constant and the transmission line length, this formula dynamically models the reflection characteristics as a whole.

[0073] The physical meaning of the reflection coefficient is reflected in its absolute value and phase. The absolute value |Γ(x,ω)| indicates the proportion of the reflected signal energy to the incident signal energy. The smaller the value, the better the impedance matching effect of the system and the higher the effective energy transmission rate. The phase part describes the phase offset of the reflected signal relative to the incident signal, which is important for understanding the waveform interference of the signal. Since the propagation of high-frequency signals depends on precise phase synchronization, the phase offset of the reflected signal may cause waveform distortion and signal quality degradation. Therefore, the reflection coefficient is not only an important indicator to measure the impedance matching effect, but also a key parameter to optimize the transmission performance of the system. The calculation of impedance error further deepens the meaning of the reflection coefficient, which is used to quantify the actual deviation and energy loss of the system. The formula combines the reflection coefficient, the nominal characteristic impedance Z0, and the incident power P in and reflected power P ref , which fully describes the impedance characteristics of the system under dynamic conditions. The core term in the impedance error formula (1-|Γ(x,ω)| 2 ) represents the energy utilization rate in signal transmission, where |Γ(x,ω)| 2 reflects the proportion of reflected energy to incident energy. Therefore, 1-

[0074] |Γ(x,ω)| 2 It is an intuitive expression of the effective transmission energy ratio. This part combines the absolute value of the reflection coefficient, so that the formula can evaluate the system matching effect from the perspective of energy. At the same time, the denominator term in the impedance error formula |1-Γ(x,ω)exp(-2γ(x,ω)l)| 2The multiple reflection effect in the transmission line is further considered. This part of the design is based on the physical phenomenon of multiple reflections and superposition interference. In high-frequency signal propagation, the reflected signal will propagate back and forth in the transmission line and superimpose, thus having a complex impact on the overall transmission performance. The denominator accurately describes the combined effect of multiple reflections on the system impedance error by combining the reflection coefficient and the propagation constant, making the calculation result of the formula more realistic. In addition, the impedance error formula also introduces the power ratio term This section deepens the physical meaning of the impedance matching effect from the energy perspective by linking the power parameter with the impedance error. in and reflected power P ref They represent the energy distribution of the signal at the input end and the reflection end respectively, and their ratio reflects the energy transfer efficiency of the system. The introduction of the power ratio term makes the impedance error not only a quantitative expression of the impedance deviation, but also directly reflects the energy loss of the transmission line. This design effectively associates the impedance error with the actual power characteristics of the system, providing comprehensive information support for subsequent control and optimization.

[0075] Embodiment 7: In step 4, the compensation parameter vector is calculated by the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, L c is the first element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation inductance; C c is the second element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation capacitor; R c The third element of the compensation parameter vector D is the compensation resistor; is the real part of the calculated impedance error; φ Γ is the phase angle of the reflection coefficient.

[0078] Specifically, the calculation formula of the compensation parameter vector adopts a matrix form, which integrates the impedance adjustment requirements of the transmission line with the signal frequency and reflection phase characteristics. This matrix form reflects the systematic and flexible design of the formula, enabling it to adapt to dynamically changing transmission conditions. In the formula, the impedance error ΔZ is the core input, which quantifies the degree of deviation between the current state of the transmission system and the ideal matching state. The real part of the impedance error is The imaginary part reflects the actual degree of signal energy loss, while the imaginary part describes the phase shift of the system. This information provides a clear physical basis for the calculation of compensation parameters. c The calculation of is based on the relationship between impedance error and signal frequency, and its formula is This expression reveals the role of inductor compensation in high-frequency signals. Since inductors can store and regulate magnetic field energy, their main function in signal propagation is to offset current changes caused by impedance mismatch. The higher the frequency, the faster the current changes, and the lower the demand for inductance; conversely, a larger inductance value is required at a lower frequency to achieve the same compensation effect. Through this inverse frequency relationship, the formula dynamically adjusts the inductor compensation value so that it can adapt to the needs of signals of different frequencies. In addition, the compensation value of the inductor is also affected by the impedance error. A larger impedance deviation requires a stronger inductor compensation to achieve matching. Therefore, the inductance calculation part of the formula reflects the dual effects of signal frequency and impedance state on compensation requirements.

[0079] Compensation capacitor C c The calculation of is based on the inverse relationship with inductance, that is, This design reflects the response characteristics of the capacitor to the electric field energy. In signal propagation, the main function of the capacitor is to store and release electric field energy and regulate the fluctuation of signal voltage. When high-frequency signals are transmitted, the capacitive effect of the transmission line may cause phase shift and energy loss, so compensation capacitors are needed to balance the electric field distribution. Similar to inductors, the capacitance compensation value is also dynamically adjusted with the signal frequency and impedance error: the higher the frequency, the lower the compensation capacitance value; the greater the impedance deviation, the higher the compensation capacitance requirement. Through this design, the formula can effectively adjust the electric field characteristics of signal transmission in a high-frequency environment, thereby reducing distortion and improving transmission efficiency. Compensation resistor R c The calculation of is directly related to the real part of the impedance error, namely This part reflects the actual loss of signal energy in the transmission line. During the transmission of high-frequency signals, the skin effect of the conductor and the dielectric loss are the main sources of energy loss. These losses are manifested as the attenuation of the signal amplitude and the loss of power. By adjusting the compensation resistor, the formula can effectively reduce the loss effect of the signal and improve the transmission efficiency of the system to a certain extent. The introduction of the compensation resistor can also smooth the waveform characteristics of the signal, thereby reducing the impact of multiple reflections and superposition interference on the signal quality. The input vector in the formula contains the sine and cosine values ​​of the reflection coefficient phase angle, that is, sin(φ Γ ) and cos(φ Γ). These values ​​describe the distribution characteristics of the reflected signal in the phase space. By combining the reflection phase angle information, the calculation of the compensation parameters can more accurately match the phase offset of the signal. Specifically, the calculation of the compensation inductance and capacitance needs to consider the dynamic changes of the signal in the time domain, and the reflection phase angle provides directional guidance for this adjustment. The combination of sine and cosine values ​​enables the compensation to cover the entire phase space, thereby ensuring that the system is always in the optimal matching state under dynamic conditions. From an overall perspective, the matrix design of the compensation parameter vector formula has significant advantages. The parameters in the matrix are both independent and interrelated, corresponding to the compensation effects of inductance, capacitance and resistance on the impedance state of the system. The dynamic characteristics of the input vector ensure the real-time nature of the formula, enabling it to respond quickly to changes in transmission conditions. This design is particularly suitable for complex working environments in new energy vehicles, such as dynamic adjustment of signal frequency, random changes in electromagnetic interference, and time drift of material properties. The calculation results of the compensation parameter vector provide key inputs for the adaptive control of the system. In practical applications, the control system collects the values ​​of impedance error and reflection coefficient phase angle in real time, and uses the formula to calculate the required compensation inductance, capacitance and resistance values ​​under current conditions. These compensation values ​​are then used to adjust the electromagnetic characteristics of the connector to achieve dynamic impedance matching. Through this closed-loop feedback mechanism, the system can always maintain efficient signal transmission performance under different frequencies, different loads and different transmission distances.

[0080] Embodiment 8: In step 4, the control signal is generated by using the following formula and adaptive control theory:

[0081]

[0082] Where τ is the time variable; dτ is the time integral variable; K is the total control order; k is the integer subscript index; V ctrl (t) is the control signal at time t; τ k is the k-th order time constant, is the set value; is the k-th derivative of the impedance error ΔZ with respect to time t.

[0083] Specifically, in the control signal generation formula, time t is the key variable, which describes the dynamic change law of system impedance during signal propagation. By introducing the time variable, the formula can capture the changing trend of impedance error and generate dynamic adjustment signals based on these trends. The first part of the formula is related to the high-order time derivative of the impedance error. By compensating the inductance L c and The product of reflects the need for dynamic adjustment of the rapidly changing part of the signal. The inductor is a component that is sensitive to current changes, and its response characteristics determine that it is suitable for adjusting the high-frequency components of the signal. The summation of high-order derivatives in the formula reflects the system's keen capture of dynamic changes, and can immediately generate corresponding adjustment signals when the signal state fluctuates rapidly. By accumulating multi-order derivatives, the formula realizes comprehensive modeling of the time change of impedance error, so that the control signal can not only respond to current changes, but also predict possible trends and make forward-looking adjustments. At the same time, the time integral term in the formula reflects the system's ability to respond to slowly changing or cumulative effects. The integral term combines the impedance error and the compensation capacitor C c The role of describes the cumulative effect of capacitance. In a physical sense, capacitance is a key element for storing electric field energy, which can smooth low-frequency components in the signal and provide stability support for the system. In the formula, the historical impedance error is accumulated through the integral operation to generate an adjustment signal to compensate for slow changes. This design is very suitable for dealing with impedance deviations that change slowly but have a large impact range, such as long-term effects caused by changes in material properties or system aging. By introducing the integral term, the formula can achieve stable adjustment of the system state over a long time scale while avoiding overcompensation or signal distortion caused by fast response.

[0084] In addition, the formula also includes a compensation resistance term that is linearly related to the impedance error. The resistor is mainly responsible for dissipating excess energy and suppressing high-frequency oscillations of the signal during signal propagation. The resistance compensation part in the formula directly reflects the system's ability to respond to transient events. In high-frequency signal transmission, external interference and signal reflection may cause sudden impedance deviations. Through the linear compensation resistance term, the system can quickly consume excess energy and avoid these transient events from having long-term effects on signal transmission. This design enhances the robustness of the control system, enabling it to cope with sudden interference while maintaining the quality and efficiency of signal transmission. The exponential decay term exp(-t / τ) in the control signal formula k ) is a key design used to control the convergence characteristics of the signal in time. The time constant τ kThe setting of reflects the sensitivity of the system to changes in different time scales. A larger time constant corresponds to a slower decay rate, which is suitable for processing slowly changing impedance errors; while a smaller time constant is used to quickly respond to dynamic changes. This decay design ensures that the system's use of historical information will not lead to a loss of control of the cumulative effect, while avoiding signal oscillations caused by excessive response. By introducing the exponential decay term, the control signal can achieve a balance between different time scales, with both rapid response capabilities to short-term changes and stable adjustment capabilities to long-term trends. The overall structure of the formula is centered on the impedance error ΔZ, and through the combined adjustment of compensation inductors, capacitors and resistors, multi-level control of the signal transmission path is achieved. The compensation inductor provides dynamic adjustment capabilities by responding to rapid signal changes, the compensation capacitor enhances system stability by smoothing low-frequency components, and the compensation resistor suppresses signal fluctuations by dissipating excess energy. The synergistic effect of these three enables the control signal to fully cover the different time characteristics of the impedance error, ensuring the efficient operation of the system in complex environments. The practical significance of this formula is that it provides an efficient adaptive control method that can adjust the impedance state in high-frequency signal transmission in real time. The working environment of new energy vehicles is complex and changeable, including external electromagnetic interference, material aging, geometric structure changes and other factors. These conditions make it difficult for traditional static compensation methods to cope with them. By dynamically generating control signals, the system can automatically adjust the electromagnetic characteristics of the transmission path according to the real-time measured impedance error and historical data, so as to always maintain the best matching state. This adaptive capability not only improves the efficiency and reliability of signal transmission, but also extends the service life of the system by reducing energy loss and reflection effects. The control signal formula also reflects a high degree of flexibility and scalability. By adjusting the control order K, time constant τ k By adjusting the compensation parameters, the formula can be adapted to different application requirements. For example, in scenarios where higher sensitivity is required, more high-order derivative terms can be introduced; in scenarios where long-term stability is required, the weight of the integral term can be adjusted or the time constant can be extended. This flexibility makes the formula widely applicable to high-frequency signal transmission at different frequencies, different transmission distances and different load conditions.

[0085] Embodiment 9: In step 4, the impedance matching is calculated by the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] Where ∠γ(x,ω) is the phase angle of the propagation constant; V max is the maximum control voltage.

[0088] Specifically, the first term of the formula (1-|Γ(x,ω)| 2) describes the relationship between the signal reflection energy and the total energy, and is the core part of the matching calculation. The absolute value of the reflection coefficient |Γ(x,ω)| represents the ratio of the reflected signal energy to the incident signal energy, (1-|Γ(x,ω)| 2 ) reflects the proportion of effective energy transferred to the load. When the reflection coefficient tends to zero, the first item of the matching degree is close to 1, indicating that the impedance of the system is completely matched and the signal transmission efficiency reaches the maximum. When the reflection coefficient is large, the value of this item drops significantly, indicating that the proportion of reflected energy is high and the matching effect of the system is poor. Through this design, the formula can intuitively quantify the relationship between the impedance matching state and the signal reflection. The second item exp(-αl) introduces the influence of the signal attenuation factor, where α is the attenuation coefficient and l is the length of the transmission line. This part takes into account the energy loss of the signal in the transmission line, including the influence of conductor loss, dielectric loss and signal frequency on the propagation characteristics. As the transmission distance l increases, the attenuation degree of the signal increases exponentially, and the energy transfer efficiency gradually decreases. This design ensures that the formula can reflect the actual impact of the transmission line length on the matching degree, especially in long-distance transmission, signal attenuation becomes a key factor in impedance matching optimization. By combining the attenuation factor, the matching degree formula can more comprehensively describe the performance of the system under different transmission conditions. The third item The dynamic response of the control signal is introduced into the matching calculation. The control signal V ctrl (t) is the dynamic adjustment amount generated by the system to compensate for the impedance error, and its magnitude directly reflects the compensation strength required by the current system. max The square root of the ratio of the control signal is taken. This term converts the amplitude of the control signal into a contribution value to the matching degree. When the control signal is close to the maximum value, this part of the matching degree approaches 1, indicating that the system has achieved the maximum degree of dynamic compensation; when the control signal is small, the value of this term is low, indicating that the dynamic adjustment ability of the system has not been fully utilized. This design highlights the important role of the control signal in dynamic matching. At the same time, by normalizing the control voltage, the calculation result of the formula has stronger adaptability and versatility. The fourth term cos(∠γ(x,ω)) introduces the phase angle information of the propagation constant. The propagation constant γ(x,ω) includes the attenuation characteristics and phase characteristics of the signal, and its phase angle ∠γ(x,ω) directly reflects the phase change of the signal during the propagation process. Phase change is an important feature in high-frequency signal transmission and is closely related to the waveform integrity and synchronization of the signal. When the phase angle of the propagation constant is close to certain specific values, the phase offset of the signal is the smallest, and this part of the matching degree contributes more; when the phase angle deviates from the ideal value, the waveform of the signal may be distorted, which has a negative impact on the matching degree. By introducing this term, the formula can fully consider the phase characteristics during signal propagation, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the matching degree.

[0089] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive impedance matching method for a high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1: Obtain the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; collect the local electromagnetic field data of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and calculate its electromagnetic field characteristic vector in combination with the physical parameters to characterize its electromagnetic field intensity distribution; according to the electromagnetic field characteristic vector, combined with the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, calculate the transmission line distribution vector of the high-frequency signal transmission connector; Step 2: Calculate the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle according to the element value in the transmission line distribution vector; Calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle by combining the propagation constant and the element value in the transmission line distribution vector; Step 3: Calculate the reflection coefficient based on the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle and the characteristic impedance; calculate the impedance error based on the reflection coefficient, the incident power and the reflected power of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle; Step 4: Calculate the compensation parameter vector based on the impedance error, and generate a control signal based on the compensation parameter vector using adaptive control theory; the control signal is used to control the voltage of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle to achieve impedance matching; calculate the impedance matching degree based on the control signal.

2. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the physical parameters of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle include at least: connector cross-sectional area, relative magnetic permeability, relative dielectric constant, inner conductor radius, outer conductor radius, conductor conductivity, frequency, dielectric loss angle and transmission line length.

3. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the electromagnetic field eigenvector is calculated using the following formula: Where x is the transmission distance; is the electromagnetic field characteristic vector; t is time; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; is the electric field strength at time t and transmission distance x; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the connector; ∈ r is the relative dielectric constant; μ r is the relative magnetic permeability; α is the attenuation coefficient; dS is the area integral variable; × is the vector cross multiplication operation.

4. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of a new energy vehicle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1, the transmission line distribution vector C of the high-frequency signal transmission connector is calculated using the following formula: Among them, L d (x) is the first element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed inductance; C d (x) is the second element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed capacitance; R d (x) is the third element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed resistance; G d (x) is the fourth element of the transmission line distribution vector C, which is the distributed conductance; a is the radius of the inner conductor; b is the radius of the outer conductor; σ c is the conductivity of the conductor; tanδ is the dielectric loss tangent; is the modulus of the electromagnetic field eigenvector.

5. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the propagation constant of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle is calculated by the following formula: Wherein, γ(x,ω) is the propagation constant when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; ω = 2πf; f is the frequency of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of the new energy vehicle, and its value is greater than or equal to 10kHz; φ em is the electromagnetic field phase difference; use the following formula to calculate the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency signal transmission connector of new energy vehicles: Among them, Z c (x,ω) is the characteristic impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; θ z is the impedance phase angle.

6. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the reflection coefficient is calculated using the following formula: Among them, Z L (x, ω) is the load impedance when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; Γ(x, ω) is the reflection coefficient when the angular frequency is ω and the transmission distance is x; l is the length of the transmission line; the impedance error is calculated by the following formula: Where ΔZ is the impedance error; Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance; P in is the incident power; P ref is the reflected power.

7. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, the compensation parameter vector is calculated using the following formula: Among them, L c is the first element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation inductance; C c is the second element of the compensation parameter vector D, which is the compensation capacitor; R c The third element of the compensation parameter vector D is the compensation resistor; is the real part of the calculated impedance error; φ Γ is the phase angle of the reflection coefficient.

8. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4, the control signal is generated using adaptive control theory using the following formula: Where τ is the time variable; dτ is the time integral variable; K is the total control order; k is the integer subscript index; V ctrl (t) is the control signal at time t; τ k is the k-th order time constant, is the set value; is the k-th derivative of the impedance error ΔZ with respect to time t.

9. The adaptive impedance matching method of the high-frequency signal transmission connector for new energy vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, the impedance matching is calculated using the following formula: Where ∠γ(x,ω) is the phase angle of the propagation constant; V max is the maximum control voltage.

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