Tail gas self-treatment low-emission zero-carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tail gas self-treatment low-emission zero-carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system and a control method, and the tail gas self-treatment low-emission zero-carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system comprises a pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system, a NOx decomposition system, an ammonia hydrogen engine, an air source and an ammonia gas source. The NOx decomposition system utilizes a thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxide to realize the reutilization of waste heat of combustion tail gas of the pure ammonia hedging type flameless combustion furnace and decompose the nitrogen oxide in the engine tail gas into nitric oxide, and the ammonia-hydrogen engine utilizes the combustion of the engine to do work, so that the tail gas of the pure ammonia hedging type flameless combustion furnace can be recycled, and the nitrogen oxide in the tail gas of the pure ammonia hedging type flameless combustion furnace can be recycled. Heat utilization of ammonia gas is achieved, and combustion-supporting tail gas needed by the pure ammonia opposite-flushing type flameless combustion furnace is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and in particular to a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with exhaust gas self-treatment and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia is a clean fuel that does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion and has high energy density and good storage and transportation characteristics. It is considered to be the key to future energy transformation. In order to reduce the impact of engines on the environment, ammonia-hydrogen engines have been developed by utilizing the combustion characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen, truly realizing efficient and clean zero-carbon combustion engines. However, direct combustion of ammonia will produce a large amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx).

[0003] For example, the engine system based on plasma-assisted ammonia combustion and ammonia catalytic cracking disclosed in Patent No. CN115199442A provides a method for reducing NOx emissions, but still requires an additional exhaust gas treatment device, which increases the complexity and cost of the system. At the same time, the exhaust gas treatment device requires additional heat and ammonia to provide working conditions for the device, which wastes the energy of the engine system and reduces the overall energy efficiency of the system. In addition, although a heat recovery method for engine waste gas is provided, it does not take into account that NO can play a role in supporting ammonia combustion, thereby wasting the engine waste gas. Moreover, due to the low temperature of the engine waste gas, the heat recovery efficiency is too low.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas, aiming to achieve the following requirements: 1. An ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas, low emission, zero carbon and high energy utilization rate. 2. A pure ammonia flameless combustion technology for engine exhaust gas co-combustion under low oxygen concentration. 3. Achieve effective decomposition and efficient thermal utilization of NOx in engine residual gas. Summary of the invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with exhaust gas self-treatment to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial choice or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are: The present invention provides a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with tail gas self-treatment, comprising: A pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system, comprising a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and an ammonia decomposition chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace is provided with a first combustion tail gas outlet, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle, and the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port, an ammonia input port to be decomposed and an ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the interior of the ammonia decomposition chamber; The NOx decomposition system comprises a NOx decomposition chamber and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber is provided with a combustion exhaust gas input port and a second combustion exhaust gas output port, wherein the combustion exhaust gas input port is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas output port, and the NOx decomposition chamber is provided with an engine exhaust gas input port, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port and a NOx decomposition catalyst filled in the NOx decomposition chamber, wherein the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; An ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided with an engine fuel input end and an engine exhaust gas output end, wherein the engine exhaust gas output end is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port, and the engine fuel input end is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port; An air source connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; The ammonia source is respectively connected to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input end.

[0006] The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: During operation, the ammonia source supplies a set amount of ammonia to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input port respectively. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle sprays ammonia into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace for combustion to generate high-temperature combustion exhaust gas, and at the same time provides necessary heat for the ammonia decomposition chamber. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber and heats the NOx decomposition chamber; the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the hydrogen is used as a combustion-supporting fuel and is passed into the ammonia hydrogen engine together with the ammonia to achieve combustion and work, and generate engine exhaust gas. The nitrogen carried by the engine exhaust gas The oxide is introduced into the NOx decomposition chamber, and the nitrogen oxide is decomposed into nitrogen monoxide by the NOx decomposition catalyst to form a combustion-supporting exhaust gas, which is mixed with a set amount of air to form a combustion-supporting mixture with a set oxygen concentration. The combustion-supporting mixture is sprayed into the pure ammonia opposed-type flameless combustion furnace through the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle, and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to inhibit the formation of NOx, and obtain high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber. Not only does it utilize the nitrogen oxides produced by the ammonia-hydrogen engine, but also through optimized combustion technology, almost no additional nitrogen oxide emissions are generated.

[0007] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system of the present invention utilizes flameless combustion technology and ammonia thermal decomposition technology to realize the reuse of engine exhaust gas and decompose ammonia into hydrogen. The NOx decomposition system utilizes the thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxides to realize the reuse of waste heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and decomposes nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas into nitric oxide. The ammonia hydrogen engine utilizes engine combustion to do work, realizes the thermal utilization of ammonia, and produces the combustion-supporting exhaust gas required by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor are provided in sequence between the engine fuel input end and the ammonia decomposition gas output port.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a combustion-supporting gas flow detector is provided between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the combustion-supporting tail gas output port.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an air compressor and an air flow controller are provided in sequence between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the air source.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion-supporting mixture gas nozzle is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit, the air source is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit via a boost air gas circuit, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit via a combustion-supporting exhaust gas gas circuit, the air compressor and the air flow controller are arranged in the boost air gas circuit, and the combustion gas flow detector is arranged in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with a plurality of guide vanes, and the plurality of guide vanes are arranged and distributed in an alternating staggered manner along the direction from the ammonia gas input port to be decomposed to the ammonia decomposition gas output port to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is filled in the baffle channel.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition chamber is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace and the ammonia decomposition chamber are separated by an annular combustion furnace wall.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle are relatively distributed at two ends inside the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the NOx decomposition system is provided with a NOx decomposition tube, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating cavity. The NOx decomposition cavity is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube, and the two ports of the NOx decomposition tube are respectively the engine exhaust gas inlet and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet.

[0016] The present invention further proposes a control method, which is applied to the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system, and the control method comprises: According to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, the ammonia decomposition chamber and the ammonia-hydrogen engine respectively according to the preset ammonia supply amount; The ammonia decomposition chamber is heated by the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber into hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion-supporting work; The engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia hydrogen engine is passed into the NOx decomposition chamber, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber, and the NOx decomposition chamber is heated to decompose the NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form a combustion-supporting exhaust gas; Mixing air of a preset air flow rate with the combustion-supporting tail gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas with a preset oxygen concentration; The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the control method of the present invention are: being able to meet the real-time and rapid flow control requirements of the ammonia hydrogen engine system under all operating conditions, the continuous and efficient NOx effective decomposition, and the continuous and stable hydrogen production requirements.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system provided by the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a one-way stop mechanism of an embodiment of the NOx decomposition system provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a gas flow diagram of an embodiment of a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention; Figure 5 It is a control method for a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system provided by the present invention, and a control flow chart of one embodiment thereof; Figure Number: Pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100; pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110; pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111; combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112; first combustion tail gas outlet 113; combustion ammonia gas path 114; combustion-supporting mixed gas gas path 115; combustion tail gas gas path 116; combustion furnace wall 117; ammonia decomposition chamber 120; ammonia decomposition catalyst 121; to-be-decomposed ammonia inlet 122; ammonia decomposition gas outlet 123; to-be-decomposed ammonia gas path 124; ammonia decomposition gas path 125; guide vane 126; NOx decomposition system 200; NOx decomposition catalyst 201; NOx decomposition chamber 202; combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203; exhaust gas inlet 204; combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205; combustion exhaust gas inlet 206; second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207; combustion-supporting exhaust gas gas path 208; combustion-supporting combustion gas flow detector 209; NOx decomposition tube 210; Ammonia hydrogen engine 300; engine fuel input end 301; engine exhaust gas output end 302; engine ammonia gas path 303; engine exhaust gas path 304; air source 400; air compressor 401; air flow controller 402; boost air gas path 403; Ammonia source 500; High-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600; ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as orientation or positional relationship indicated as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means more than two. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0025] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas, aiming to achieve the following requirements: 1. An ammonia-hydrogen engine system with self-treatment of exhaust gas, low emission, zero carbon and high energy utilization rate. 2. A pure ammonia flameless combustion technology for engine exhaust gas co-combustion under low oxygen concentration. 3. Achieve effective decomposition and efficient thermal utilization of NOx in engine residual gas.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention includes a pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100, a NOx decomposition system 200, an ammonia-hydrogen engine 300, an air source 400 and an ammonia source 500.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 of this embodiment includes a pure ammonia counter-fired flameless combustion furnace 110 and an ammonia decomposition chamber 120, and the pure ammonia counter-fired flameless combustion furnace 110 and the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 have a partition heat exchange relationship.

[0028] In order to improve the efficiency of heat exchange, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 of this embodiment is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 , and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace 110 and the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 are separated by an annular combustion furnace wall 117 .

[0029] The pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 of this embodiment is provided with a first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 is connected to the ammonia source 500 via a combustion ammonia gas path 114. The pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 is used to spray ammonia into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion. The combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112 is used to spray the combustion-supporting mixed gas into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion. The first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113 is used to discharge the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the furnace.

[0030] In order to help form flameless combustion, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle 111 and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle 112 of this embodiment are relatively distributed at the two ends of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110. This layout increases the flow velocity in the combustion chamber, stabilizes the flow field, and prolongs the gas residence time, thereby promoting the uniform mixing of ammonia and the combustion-supporting mixed gas and reducing the average oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber to between 5% and 15%, thereby forming a stable flameless combustion flame. At the same time, flameless combustion can reduce the temperature of the combustion flame and inhibit the formation of nitrogen oxides.

[0031] The ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port 123, an ammonia input port 122 for ammonia to be decomposed, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 filled in the interior of the ammonia decomposition chamber 120. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is used to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition. The ammonia input port 122 for ammonia to be decomposed is connected to an ammonia source 500 through an ammonia gas path 124 for ammonia to be decomposed. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 directly improves the ammonia decomposition efficiency and accelerates the generation of hydrogen and nitrogen. The ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is uniformly filled in the interior of the chamber to ensure sufficient contact between ammonia and the catalyst and maximize the decomposition reaction. The ammonia input port 122 for ammonia to be decomposed is connected to the ammonia source 500 to ensure a stable supply of ammonia and provide a continuous raw material flow for the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0032] In order to improve the efficiency of catalytic decomposition of ammonia, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is provided with a plurality of guide plates 126, which are arranged in an alternating staggered manner along the direction from the ammonia input port 122 to be decomposed to the ammonia decomposition gas output port 123 to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst 121 is filled in the baffle channel.

[0033] The alternating arrangement of the guide vanes 126 in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 not only optimizes the gas flow, but also significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency. This design enhances the decomposition effect of ammonia by increasing the contact time between the gas and the catalyst. At the same time, the catalyst filled between the guide vanes 126 further improves the catalytic efficiency and ensures the efficient conversion of ammonia.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the NOx decomposition system 200 of this embodiment includes a NOx decomposition chamber 202 and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203 with a partition heat exchange relationship, the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203 is provided with a combustion exhaust gas inlet 206 and a second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207, the combustion exhaust gas inlet 206 is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas outlet 113 through the combustion exhaust gas gas path 116, the NOx decomposition chamber 202 is provided with an engine exhaust gas inlet 204, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205 and a NOx decomposition catalyst 201 filled in the NOx decomposition chamber 202, the NOx decomposition catalyst 201 is used to decompose N2O and NO2 in nitrogen oxides into NO by endothermic catalytic decomposition, and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112 through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208.

[0035] Specifically, the NOx decomposition system 200 of this embodiment is provided with a NOx decomposition tube 210, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203, and the NOx decomposition chamber 202 is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube 210. The two ports of the NOx decomposition tube 210 are respectively the engine exhaust gas inlet 204 and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205.

[0036] The NOx decomposition chamber 202 of this embodiment can effectively utilize the residual heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110, optimize the thermal management of the system, and the exhaust gas after internal heat exchange treatment is discharged through the second combustion exhaust gas outlet 207, ensuring full utilization of the exhaust gas thermal energy.

[0037] The ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 is provided with an engine fuel input terminal 301 and an engine exhaust gas output terminal 302. The engine exhaust gas output terminal 302 is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port 204 via an engine exhaust gas path 304. The engine fuel input terminal 301 is connected to the ammonia source 500 via an engine ammonia gas path 303, thereby ensuring a stable supply of ammonia and guaranteeing efficient operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300. The engine fuel input terminal 301 is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port 123 via an ammonia decomposition gas path 125.

[0038] The NOx decomposition catalyst 201 is evenly filled inside the cavity, ensuring sufficient contact between the engine exhaust gas and the catalyst, maximizing the decomposition reaction of nitrogen oxides; the design of the NOx decomposition tube 210 allows the engine exhaust gas to enter through the engine exhaust gas inlet 204, decompose nitrogen oxides under the action of the catalyst, and then transport the generated combustion-supporting exhaust gas to the next link of the system through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas outlet 205, thereby achieving efficient exhaust gas treatment and energy recycling.

[0039] The air source 400 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112. Specifically, the inlet of the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112 of the present embodiment is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115. The air source 400 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 via the boost air gas path 403. The combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205 is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 via the combustion-supporting exhaust gas gas path 208. The air and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas are mixed in the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 and then introduced into the combustion-supporting mixture nozzle 112.

[0040] In order to reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115, the present embodiment mixes air with the combustion-supporting exhaust gas through the gas path. This design not only ensures the formation and stability of the flameless combustion flame in the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110, but also makes full use of the nitric oxide combustion component contained in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas gas path 208, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and the overall stability of the system.

[0041] Furthermore, the boost air circuit 403 of the present embodiment is provided with an air compressor 401 and an air flow controller 402, and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit 208 is provided with a combustion-supporting combustion gas flow detector 209. The combustion-supporting combustion gas flow detector 209 is added to the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit 208 to monitor the combustion-supporting combustion gas flow and generate data, and the data is transmitted to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 adjusts the air flow accordingly to control the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture. An air compressor 401 is added to the boost air circuit 403 to increase the air pressure to ensure that the air can effectively enter the higher-pressure combustion-supporting mixture circuit 115 to meet the pressure requirements of the engine exhaust gas circuit 304 and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit 208. An air flow controller 402 is added to the boost air circuit 403 to receive data from the combustion-supporting combustion gas flow detector 209 on the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit 208 and regulate the air flow according to the data.

[0042] In this embodiment, a high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601 are sequentially arranged on the ammonia decomposition gas circuit 125. The high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 on the ammonia decomposition gas circuit 125 is used to achieve efficient matching between the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 under variable working conditions. The introduction of the high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 can stabilize the hydrogen supply flow rate, ensuring that the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 can obtain sufficient hydrogen support under various working conditions, and effectively alleviate the problem of unstable hydrogen supply caused by demand fluctuations.

[0043] First, if Figure 4 As shown, the present invention uses ammonia as the single heat source of the system. In the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100, a part of the ammonia is burned in the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 to produce high-temperature combustion exhaust gas, while providing necessary heat for the ammonia decomposition chamber 120. This process not only utilizes the nitrogen oxides produced by the ammonia hydrogen engine 300, but also, through optimized combustion technology, almost no additional nitrogen oxide emissions are generated. The other part of the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120, and the required heat is provided by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110.

[0044] Secondly, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 and the hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 are respectively led to the NOx decomposition system 200 and the ammonia hydrogen engine 300. After efficient heat exchange, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas has a temperature of about 600 degrees Celsius, a huge flow rate, and carries high heat. It is effectively decomposed by the NOx decomposition system 200 to form a combustion-supporting exhaust gas, which is mixed with air and introduced into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 to assist the combustion of ammonia and the formation of flameless combustion. Hydrogen, as a combustion-supporting fuel, is introduced into the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 together with ammonia to achieve combustion and work, and produce engine exhaust gas.

[0045] Finally, the nitrogen oxides carried by the engine exhaust gas are passed to the NOx decomposition system 200, and after decomposition, they are passed into the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 for combustion support and combustion, and finally return to the NOx decomposition system 200 together with the exhaust gas after the ammonia combustion. This layout not only improves the efficiency of NOx decomposition, but also provides the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110 with the necessary combustion-supporting mixed gas through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port 205, further promotes the flameless combustion of ammonia, realizes the closed-loop treatment of exhaust gas and the recycling of energy, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0046] The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 of the present invention utilizes flameless combustion technology and ammonia thermal decomposition technology to realize the reuse of engine exhaust gas and decompose ammonia into hydrogen; the NOx decomposition system 200 utilizes the thermal decomposition technology of nitrogen oxides to realize the reuse of the waste heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110, and decomposes the nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas into nitric oxide; the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 utilizes engine combustion to do work, realizes the thermal utilization of ammonia, and produces the combustion-supporting exhaust gas required by the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace 110.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also proposes a control method, which is applied to a low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system. The control method includes: Step S100: according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110, the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 and the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 according to a preset ammonia supply amount; Step S200: The ammonia decomposition chamber 120 is heated by the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110 to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber 120 into hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 for combustion and work; Step S300: passing the engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 into the NOx decomposition chamber 202, passing the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110 into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber 203, and heating the NOx decomposition chamber 202 to decompose the NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form combustion-supporting exhaust gas; Step S400: mixing air of a preset air flow rate with combustion-supporting tail gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas of a preset oxygen concentration; Step S500: The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace 110 and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber 120.

[0048] In step S400, the combustion-supporting gas flow rate is monitored by the combustion-supporting gas flow rate detector 209 and data is generated. The data is transmitted to the air flow controller 402, and the air flow controller 402 adjusts the air flow rate accordingly to control the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting mixture. In this embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 is controlled between 5% and 15%, forming a stable pure ammonia flameless combustion flame.

[0049] The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system of the present invention meets the real-time and rapid flow control requirements, continuous and efficient NOx effective decomposition, and continuous and stable hydrogen production requirements of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system under all working conditions. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system under all working conditions refers to the entire process of linear working condition changes between the lowest working condition and the highest working condition of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system. For different working conditions of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system and combined with the functions of various components of the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system, the specific control method is as follows: When the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system is in the lowest operating condition, the specific control method is as follows: The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, and the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 operates stably at the lowest working condition. The engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 is low, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 is also low. The combustion-supporting combustion gas flow detector 209 detects that the flow rate of this gas path is low, and feeds back the result to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 reduces the air flow of the boost air gas path 403, so that after the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air gas path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15%; at this time, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas, but because the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 has a low demand for ammonia decomposition gas, the excess ammonia decomposition gas is temporarily stored in the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600 after being pressurized by the ammonia decomposition gas compressor 601; When the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system is in the highest operating condition, the specific control method is as follows: The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, and the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 operates stably at the highest working condition. The engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 is high, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 is also high. The combustion-supporting gas flow detector 209 detects that the flow rate of this gas path is high, and feeds back the result to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 increases the air flow of the boost air gas path 403, so that after the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air gas path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15%. At this time, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas, and the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 consumes the same amount of ammonia decomposition gas as the demand, and the ammonia decomposition gas will be fully supplied to the ammonia hydrogen engine 300.

[0050] When the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system is in variable operating conditions, the specific control method is as follows: The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously supplies hydrogen, the operating conditions of the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 change, the engine exhaust flow rate entering the NOx decomposition system 200 through the engine exhaust gas path 304 changes, and the flow rate through the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 also changes. The combustion-supporting gas flow detector 209 detects the change in the flow rate of this gas path and feeds back the result to the air flow controller 402. The air flow controller 402 controls the air flow of the boost air path 403 in real time according to the feedback result, so that the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208 and the boost air path 403 merge into the combustion-supporting exhaust gas path 208. After the combustion mixture gas path 115, the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixture gas path 115 is maintained between 5% and 15%; at this time, the pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas, and when the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 changes from high to low, the excess ammonia decomposition gas is pressurized by the ammonia decomposition gas compressor 603 and temporarily stored in the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600; when the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 changes from low to high, the ammonia decomposition gas will be fully supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300. If there is a short-term shortage of ammonia decomposition gas production, the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 can obtain ammonia decomposition gas from the high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 600.

[0051] When the Ammonia Hydrogen Engine 300 is in the lowest operating condition: the oxygen concentration is controlled by reducing the air flow to adapt to the engine's reduced oxygen demand, avoiding energy loss and over-combustion. The combustion-supporting exhaust gas and boost air flow are precisely controlled to maintain stable combustion. The system dynamically adjusts to different operating conditions to improve flexibility and reliability. Excess ammonia decomposition gas is stored for use when demand increases. These measures improve combustion efficiency and ensure that the system operates efficiently at low loads.

[0052] When the ammonia hydrogen engine 300 is in the highest working condition: the air flow is increased to meet the increased oxygen demand of the engine under high working conditions, and the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115 is maintained between 5-15% to ensure efficient combustion. The pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system 100 continuously and quantitatively produces ammonia decomposition gas to meet the energy demand under high working conditions.

[0053] When the ammonia-hydrogen engine 300 changes working conditions: the air flow rate is adjusted in real time to respond to the working condition changes, and the oxygen concentration of the combustion-supporting mixed gas path 115 is maintained between 5-15%, ensuring the combustion efficiency and the stability of the power output. The excess ammonia decomposition gas is stored for use when demand increases, or the ammonia decomposition gas is obtained from the high-pressure hydrogen cache tank 600 when demand decreases, so as to realize the flexible deployment of energy.

[0054] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system with exhaust gas self-treatment, characterized in that: include: A pure ammonia flameless combustion ammonia decomposition system, comprising a pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace and an ammonia decomposition chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the pure ammonia counter-hedge flameless combustion furnace is provided with a first combustion tail gas outlet, a pure ammonia combustion nozzle and a combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle, and the ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with an ammonia decomposition gas output port, an ammonia input port to be decomposed and an ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the interior of the ammonia decomposition chamber; The NOx decomposition system comprises a NOx decomposition chamber and a combustion exhaust gas heating chamber with a partition heat exchange relationship, wherein the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber is provided with a combustion exhaust gas input port and a second combustion exhaust gas output port, wherein the combustion exhaust gas input port is connected to the first combustion exhaust gas output port, and the NOx decomposition chamber is provided with an engine exhaust gas input port, a combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port and a NOx decomposition catalyst filled in the NOx decomposition chamber, wherein the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; An ammonia-hydrogen engine is provided with an engine fuel input end and an engine exhaust gas output end, wherein the engine exhaust gas output end is connected to the engine exhaust gas input port, and the engine fuel input end is connected to the ammonia decomposition gas output port; An air source connected to the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle; The ammonia source is respectively connected to the ammonia input port to be decomposed, the pure ammonia combustion nozzle, and the engine fuel input end.

2. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-pressure hydrogen buffer tank and an ammonia decomposition gas compressor are arranged in sequence between the engine fuel input end and the ammonia decomposition gas output port.

3. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustion-supporting gas flow detector is provided between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the combustion-supporting tail gas output port.

4. The low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air compressor and an air flow controller are arranged in sequence between the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle and the air source.

5. The low emission zero carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combustion-supporting mixture gas nozzle is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit, the air source is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit via a boost air gas circuit, the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port is connected to the combustion-supporting mixture gas circuit via a combustion-supporting exhaust gas gas circuit, the air compressor and the air flow controller are arranged in the boost air gas circuit, and the combustion gas flow detector is arranged in the combustion-supporting exhaust gas circuit.

6. The low emission zero carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition chamber is provided with a plurality of guide plates, which are arranged and distributed in an alternating staggered manner along the direction from the ammonia gas input port to be decomposed to the ammonia decomposition gas output port to form a serpentine baffle channel, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is filled in the baffle channel.

7. The low emission zero carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition chamber is arranged around the outer periphery of the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, and the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace is separated from the ammonia decomposition chamber by an annular combustion furnace wall.

8. The low emission zero carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure ammonia combustion nozzle and the combustion-supporting mixed gas nozzle are relatively distributed at two ends inside the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace.

9. The low emission zero carbon ammonia hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The NOx decomposition system is provided with a NOx decomposition tube, which passes through the combustion exhaust gas heating cavity. The NOx decomposition cavity is formed inside the NOx decomposition tube. The two ports of the NOx decomposition tube are respectively the engine exhaust gas input port and the combustion-supporting exhaust gas output port.

10. A control method, characterized in that: Applied to the low-emission zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the control method comprises: According to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine, ammonia gas is introduced into the pure ammonia opposed flameless combustion furnace, the ammonia decomposition chamber and the ammonia-hydrogen engine respectively according to the preset ammonia supply amount; The ammonia decomposition chamber is heated by the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace to decompose the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition chamber into hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion-supporting work; The engine exhaust gas generated by the operation of the ammonia hydrogen engine is passed into the NOx decomposition chamber, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace is passed into the combustion exhaust gas heating chamber, and the NOx decomposition chamber is heated to decompose the NOx in the engine exhaust gas into NO to form a combustion-supporting exhaust gas; Mixing air of a preset air flow rate with the combustion-supporting tail gas to form a combustion-supporting mixed gas with a preset oxygen concentration; The combustion-supporting mixed gas is introduced into the pure ammonia counter-type flameless combustion furnace and mixed with ammonia for flameless combustion to suppress the generation of NOx and obtain the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and heat for heating the ammonia decomposition chamber.

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