Waveguide slot antenna and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a waveguide slot antenna and a control method thereof. The antenna comprises a feed port layer, a slow wave line layer and a radiation slot layer which are stacked in sequence, the feed port layer is provided with a feed port used for inputting electromagnetic waves or outputting electromagnetic waves. The end face of one end, facing the feed port layer, of the slow wave line layer is provided with a snakelike slow wave cavity, one end of the snakelike slow wave cavity is provided with a feed signal end, and the feed signal end is correspondingly connected with the feed port. A plurality of waveguide radiation slots are formed in the snake-shaped channel of the snake-shaped slow wave cavity at intervals; a plurality of radiation cavity units in one-to-one correspondence with the waveguide radiation slots are arranged on the end face of one end, facing the slow wave line layer, of the radiation slot layer at intervals, a plurality of radiation slots are arranged in the radiation cavity units at intervals, and signal connecting ends correspondingly coupled with the waveguide radiation slots are arranged at one ends of the radiation cavity units. According to the invention, the scanning angle of the antenna can be improved to adapt to application occasions with high antenna scanning angle requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a waveguide slot antenna and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Waveguide slot antenna is an antenna with a slot in the wide or narrow wall of the waveguide. The electromagnetic waves transmitted in the waveguide can be radiated to the outside world through the slot. This type of antenna is often used in microwave frequency bands and can be used in fields such as communications, radar and satellite communications.

[0003] The current waveguide slot antenna includes a feeding port layer, a waveguide power layer and a radiation slot layer. Among them, the waveguide power layer has a plurality of first waveguide cavities on the end face of the waveguide power layer close to the feeding port layer. The first waveguide cavity is arranged directly below the feeding port and is used to receive electromagnetic waves transmitted by the feeding port. The plurality of first waveguide cavities are used to divide the input power into 16 equal parts in the manner of 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 16, and couple each part of the power transmission signal to the radiation slot layer through its corresponding output port, and radiate outward through the slot of the radiation slot layer. However, although the antenna with this waveguide power division structure can improve the gain and realize signal monitoring at a longer distance, its scanning angle is narrow (about 3°) and its adaptability is low; if the scanning angle is to be increased, a larger working frequency band needs to be input to achieve it, which has great limitations. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a waveguide slot antenna and a control method thereof, which can improve the antenna scanning angle to adapt to application occasions with higher antenna scanning angle requirements and has high adaptability.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a waveguide slot antenna, comprising a feeding port layer, a slow-wave line layer and a radiation slot layer stacked in sequence; a feeding port for inputting or outputting electromagnetic waves is provided on the feeding port layer; a serpentine slow-wave cavity is provided on an end face of the slow-wave line layer facing the feeding port layer, and a feeding signal end is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity, and the feeding signal end is connected correspondingly to the feeding port; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots are arranged at intervals in the serpentine channel of the serpentine slow-wave cavity; a plurality of radiation cavity units are arranged at intervals on an end face of the radiation slot layer facing the slow-wave line layer, the radiation cavity units are arranged one-to-one correspondingly to the waveguide radiation slots, a plurality of radiation slots are arranged at intervals in the radiation cavity units, and a signal connection end correspondingly coupled to the waveguide radiation slot is provided at one end of the radiation cavity unit.

[0006] As an improvement of the above solution, each straight waveguide section in the serpentine channel is provided with the waveguide radiation slot, and the serpentine channel is located below the feeding signal end.

[0007] As an improvement of the above solution, the center line of the straight waveguide segment is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot, and the center lines of the plurality of waveguide radiation slots have different offsets.

[0008] As an improvement of the above scheme, the cross-section of the straight waveguide segment includes a waveguide wide side dimension a and a waveguide narrow side dimension b, and the ratio of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot to the waveguide wide side dimension a, e=d / a, is 0<e<0.5, and the equivalent conductance value of the waveguide radiation slot increases with the increase of the ratio e.

[0009] As an improvement of the above solution, the waveguide wide side dimension a is 1.37mm≤a≤4mm, the waveguide narrow side dimension b is 0.5mm≤b≤3.6mm, and the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot is 0.005mm≤d≤1.8mm.

[0010] As an improvement of the above solution, the radiation cavity unit has a plurality of the radiation slots arranged at intervals upward along the signal connection end, and two adjacent radiation slots are staggered and arranged on both sides of a vertical center line of the radiation cavity unit.

[0011] As an improvement of the above solution, a coupling layer is provided between the feeding port layer and the slow-wave line layer, and a coupling port corresponding to the feeding port is provided on the coupling layer, and the coupling port is respectively connected to the feeding port and the feeding signal terminal.

[0012] As an improvement of the above solution, a signal discharge port is provided at the other end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity, and discharge ports corresponding to and connected to the signal discharge port are provided on the feeding port layer and the coupling layer.

[0013] As an improvement of the above solution, a first discharge hole is provided at one end of the radiation cavity unit away from the signal connection end, and second discharge holes corresponding to the first discharge hole are provided on the feeding port layer, the slow-wave line layer and the coupling layer.

[0014] The present invention also provides a waveguide slot antenna control method, which is applied to the waveguide slot antenna as described above, and the steps of the method include: obtaining an electromagnetic wave signal of a preset frequency and a control working instruction; when the control working instruction is a preset working instruction, emitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the feeding port in the feeding port layer, and transmitting it to the feeding signal end on the slow wave line layer through the feeding port; the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the serpentine channel of the serpentine slow wave cavity through the feeding signal end, and when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the waveguide radiation slot in the serpentine channel in turn, the electromagnetic wave signal will be coupled to the signal connection end in the corresponding radiation cavity unit by the waveguide radiation slot in turn; the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the channel of the radiation cavity unit through the signal connection end, and when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the radiation slot in turn, the radiation slot radiates the electromagnetic wave signal outward.

[0015] The beneficial effects of implementing the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention has a simple structure, which is formed by stacking multiple layer plate structures, and is easy to produce, process and install. The constructed slow-wave line structure can improve the antenna gain, and the scanning angle of the antenna can be improved by adjusting the working frequency within a limited working frequency band to adapt to application occasions with higher antenna scanning angle requirements, and has high adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the waveguide slot antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the slow-wave line layer of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the slow-wave line layer of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the radiation gap layer of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the radiation gap layer of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the feeding port layer of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the coupling layer of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a waveguide slot antenna control method of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the straight waveguide section of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.10 is a curve diagram of the offset of the waveguide radiation slot and the equivalent conductance value of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.11 is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of the embodiment 1 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.12 is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of Example 2 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.13 is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of Example 3 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.14 is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of Example 4 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.15 is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of Comparative Example 1 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.16 It is the normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave of comparative example 2 of the serpentine slow-wave plate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a waveguide slot antenna, comprising a feed port layer 1, a slow-wave line layer 2 and a radiation slot layer 3 stacked in sequence, and a series-fed frequency-scanning array antenna structure is constructed by the feed port layer 1, the slow-wave line layer 2 and the radiation slot layer 3. A feed port 11 for inputting or outputting electromagnetic waves is provided on the feed port layer 1, and the feed port 11 can be fed through a transmission line, a waveguide or a resonant cavity. A serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on the end face of one end of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in between the serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. A plurality of radiation cavity units 31 are arranged at intervals on the end face of one end of the radiation slot layer 3 facing the slow-wave line layer 2, and the radiation cavity units 31 are arranged one-to-one correspondingly to the waveguide radiation slots 24, that is, each waveguide radiation slot 24 is equipped with a radiation cavity unit 31; a plurality of radiation slots 32 are arranged at intervals in the radiation cavity unit 31, and a signal connection terminal 33 correspondingly coupled to the waveguide radiation slot 24 is provided at one end of the radiation cavity unit 31 to realize electromagnetic wave transmission.

[0035] When the antenna transmits a signal, the external antenna control device is connected to the feeding port 11 and sends a signal. The electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the feeding signal terminal 22 on the slow-wave line layer 2 through the feeding port 11 and transmitted along the serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. When the electromagnetic wave flows through each waveguide radiation slot 24, part of the signal of the electromagnetic wave will be coupled to the corresponding signal connection terminal 33 through the waveguide radiation slot 24; the electromagnetic wave flows through the radiation cavity unit 31 through the signal connection terminal 33, and the electromagnetic wave is emitted to the outside through the multiple radiation slots 32 in the radiation cavity unit 31. On the contrary, when the antenna receives a signal, the electromagnetic wave is received through the radiation cavity unit 31, and then the electromagnetic wave is connected to the feeding port 11 in sequence through the above-mentioned opposite transmission direction, and finally transmitted to the antenna control device.

[0036] Specifically, the feeding method of the serpentine slow-wave line structure set in the present invention is a series-fed frequency-scanning array. Through the serpentine slow-wave line structure, the main beam of the antenna array pattern can be pointed. Within the limited working frequency band of the antenna array, the offset angle (i.e., the scanning angle) can be increased by adjusting the feeding frequency. It can adapt to applications with high antenna scanning angle requirements without a larger input working frequency band, and has high adaptability. Moreover, the present invention is stacked with multiple layer plate structures, which is convenient for production, processing and installation. Among them, the scanning angle of the present invention in the 79Ghz-81Ghz frequency band can reach 16° to meet the application occasions with corresponding antenna scanning angle requirements.

[0037] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232. A gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 232 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. Two adjacent straight waveguide segments 2321 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow wave line structure. Among them, a straight waveguide segment 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232 adjacent to it constitute a waveguide unit.

[0038] Each straight waveguide section 231 in the serpentine channel 23 is provided with the waveguide radiation slot 24, and the serpentine channel 23 is located below the feed signal terminal 22. The radiation cavity unit 31 is provided with at least one radiation slot 32 in the area corresponding to the serpentine channel 23, and the radiation slot 32 is close to the signal connection terminal 33. In actual operation, the electromagnetic wave flowing through the straight waveguide section 231 will be coupled to the signal connection terminal 33 of the radiation cavity unit 31 through the waveguide radiation slot 24, so as to emit the electromagnetic wave outward through the radiation cavity unit 31; on the contrary, the electromagnetic wave received by the radiation cavity unit 31 is also coupled into the serpentine channel 23 and is sent to the feed signal terminal 22 along the serpentine channel 23. Among them, each connecting waveguide section 232 in the serpentine channel 23 is preferably a 180-degree arc connecting waveguide section, which can correspondingly reduce the voltage standing wave ratio of the serpentine waveguide, and correspondingly increase the antenna gain and reduce the dissipation, thereby improving the stability of the antenna circuit. The shape of the connecting waveguide segment 232 is not limited thereto, and may also be a rectangular connecting waveguide segment or a semicircular or semi-rectangular connecting waveguide segment, etc.

[0039] Preferably, if Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the radiation cavity unit 31 has a plurality of radiation slots 32 arranged at intervals upward along the signal connection end 33, and two adjacent radiation slots 32 are staggered on both sides of the vertical center line of the radiation cavity unit 31 to improve the radiation and reception effects of electromagnetic waves.

[0040] Preferably, if Figure 1 and 7 As shown, a coupling layer 4 is provided between the feeding port layer 1 and the slow-wave line layer 2, and a coupling port 41 corresponding to the feeding port 11 is provided on the coupling layer 4, and the coupling port 41 is respectively connected to the feeding port 11 and the feeding signal terminal 22 to realize coupled transmission of electromagnetic waves.

[0041] Furthermore, if Figure 2 , 3 , 6 and 7, the other end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided with a signal discharge port 25, and the feed port layer 1 and the coupling layer 4 are both provided with a discharge port 5 corresponding to the signal discharge port 25. When the antenna transmits electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves will flow into the serpentine channel through the feed signal end 22. On the one hand, the electromagnetic waves are coupled to the radiation cavity unit 31 through the waveguide radiation gap 24 of the serpentine channel to realize the outward radiation of the electromagnetic valve. On the other hand, the redundant or excessive electromagnetic wave energy in the serpentine channel 23 is discharged outward through the discharge port 5 of the feed port layer 1 through the signal discharge port 25, and finally received by the corresponding external receiving device.

[0042] Furthermore, if Figure 2 , 3, 4, 6 and 7, the end of the radiation cavity unit 31 away from the signal connection end 33 is provided with a first discharge hole 34, and the feed port layer 1, the slow wave line layer 2 and the coupling layer 4 are all provided with second discharge holes 6 corresponding to the first discharge holes 34. When the antenna transmits electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are coupled to the signal connection end 33 of the radiation cavity unit 31 through the waveguide radiation gap 24, and then the electromagnetic waves flow upward from the signal connection end 33. On the one hand, the electromagnetic waves are radiated outward through the radiation gap 32 on the radiation cavity unit 31, and on the other hand, the redundant or excessive electromagnetic wave energy is discharged outward through the plurality of second discharge holes 6 through the first discharge hole 34, and finally received by the corresponding external receiving device.

[0043] Preferably, the waveguide radiation slot 24 and the radiation slot 32 have the same shape.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention further provides a waveguide slot antenna control method, which is applied to the waveguide slot antenna as described above, and the steps of the method include:

[0045] S101, obtaining an electromagnetic wave signal of a preset frequency and a control work instruction;

[0046] It should be noted that, in response to the electromagnetic wave working requirements of different transmission frequencies, the electromagnetic wave signal of the frequency and the control working instructions are obtained to control the waveguide slot antenna to perform electromagnetic wave radiation work of the corresponding frequency.

[0047] S102, when the control working instruction is a preset working instruction, transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the feeding port in the feeding port layer, and transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the feeding signal terminal on the slow wave line layer through the feeding port;

[0048] It should be noted that the preset working instruction is a transmitting instruction. When the control working instruction is a transmitting instruction, the electromagnetic wave signal of this frequency is transmitted to the feeding port in the feeding port layer, and is transmitted to the feeding signal end on the slow-wave line layer through the feeding port to realize the coupled transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0049] S103, the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the serpentine channel of the serpentine slow-wave cavity through the feeding signal end, and when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the waveguide radiation slots in the serpentine channel in sequence, the electromagnetic wave signal will be coupled to the signal connection end in the corresponding radiation cavity unit by the waveguide radiation slots in sequence;

[0050] S104, the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the channel of the radiation cavity unit through the signal connection end, and when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the radiation slots in sequence, the radiation slots radiate the electromagnetic wave signal outward.

[0051] It should be noted that when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the waveguide radiation slot in the serpentine channel in sequence, the electromagnetic wave signal will be coupled to the signal connection end in the corresponding radiation cavity unit by the waveguide radiation slot, and the electromagnetic wave signal will be transmitted to the other end of the radiation cavity unit through the signal connection end; in this process, when the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the radiation slot in sequence, the radiation slot radiates the electromagnetic wave signal outward to achieve the emission of electromagnetic waves of the corresponding frequency. In the above-mentioned emission mode or emission scanning mode, the present invention changes the emission frequency of the electromagnetic wave so that the pointing of the main beam of the antenna array radiation pattern will have a larger deviation angle within the limited working frequency band of the antenna array, thereby improving the scanning angle and meeting the application occasions with higher antenna scanning angle requirements. The scanning angle in the 79Ghz-81Ghz frequency band can reach 16°.

[0052] To sum up, the present invention has a simple structure and is composed of multiple stacked layer structures, which is convenient for production, processing and installation; the constructed slow-wave line structure can improve the antenna gain, and the scanning angle of the antenna can be improved within a limited working frequency band to adapt to application scenarios with higher antenna scanning angle requirements, and has high adaptability.

[0053] Furthermore, the specific structure of the slow-wave line layer of the present invention is further described below:

[0054] like Fig. 9 As shown, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24 to achieve the offset of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24. By adjusting the offset of the waveguide radiation slot 24, its equivalent conductance value can be increased, thereby increasing the electromagnetic wave energy radiated or coupled to the lower-level unit, that is, the radiation power can be increased, thereby improving the antenna radiation or scanning effect.

[0055] Among them, the center lines of the plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 have different offsets d to achieve different required radiation powers. By setting the offset of the center lines of the plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24, the slow wave line layer 2 presents a radiation effect that is strong in the middle and weak on both sides, thereby improving the antenna scanning effect. Among them, when the electromagnetic wave signal radiates outward, the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the serpentine channel 23. Every time the electromagnetic wave signal flows through a waveguide radiation slot 24, part of its electromagnetic wave energy will be radiated outward through the waveguide radiation slot 24, and the remaining electromagnetic wave energy will continue to flow backward, and the energy will gradually weaken. By adjusting the offset of the waveguide radiation slot 24 along the direction of the serpentine channel 23, the antenna radiation effect presents a radiation waveform that is strong in the middle and weak on both sides, thereby improving the antenna radiation intensity and radiation distance, and meeting the user's antenna long-distance scanning needs.

[0056] Furthermore, the cross-section of the straight waveguide section 231 includes a waveguide wide side dimension a and a waveguide narrow side dimension b, the waveguide wide side dimension a is the width dimension of the straight waveguide section 231, the waveguide narrow side dimension b is the depth dimension of the straight waveguide section 231, and the ratio of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a, c=b / a, is 0.2≤c≤0.9.

[0057] Exemplarily, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, but is not limited to this. When the ratio c is too large, it is easy to cause the waveguide structure and the overall antenna to be large in size and occupy a large space, thereby increasing the structural cost; at the same time, the larger the cross-sectional area of ​​the waveguide, the lower the cutoff frequency, which affects the application range of the antenna working frequency band.

[0058] Furthermore, the ratio of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is e=d / a, which is 0<e<0.5, and the equivalent conductance value of the waveguide radiation slot 24 increases with the increase of the ratio e.

[0059] Exemplarily, the ratio e of the offset of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the width of the waveguide is 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.49, but is not limited to this. When the ratio e is too large, it is easy to affect the equivalent conductance value of the waveguide radiation slot 24, reduce the radiation energy of the electromagnetic wave, and thus affect the antenna radiation or scanning effect.

[0060] Among them, the waveguide wide side dimension a is 1.37mm≤a≤4mm, the waveguide narrow side dimension b is 0.5mm≤b≤3.6mm, and the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.005mm≤d≤1.8mm. Within this range, the overall volume of the serpentine slow-wave slot 22 is small and can take into account higher intensity radiation energy and longer scanning distance, with the best comprehensive performance.

[0061] Exemplarily, the waveguide wide side dimension a is 1.37 mm, 1.50 mm, 1.75 mm, 2.00 mm, 2.25 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.75 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.25 mm, 3.75 mm or 4.0 mm, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] Exemplarily, the narrow side dimension b of the waveguide is 0.5 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.50 mm, 2.00 mm, 2.5 mm, 23.0 mm, 3.5 mm or 3.6 mm, but is not limited thereto.

[0063] Exemplarily, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.005mm, 0.008mm, 0.0010mm, 0.015mm, 0.020mm, 0.025mm, 0.030mm, 0.035mm, 0.040mm, 0.045mm, 0.050, 0.055, 0.060mm, 0.065mm, 0.070mm, 0.075mm, 0.080mm, 0.085mm, 0.090mm, 0.095mm, 0.010mm, 0.050mm, 0.100mm, 0.150mm, 0.200mm, 0.250mm, 0.30 0mm, 0.350mm, 0.400mm, 0.450mm, 0.500mm, 0.550mm, 0.600mm, 0.650mm, 0.700mm, 0.850mm, 0.900mm, 0.950mm, 1.000mm, 1.050mm, 1.100mm, 1.150mm, 1.200mm, 1.250mm, 1.300mm, 1.350mm, 1.400mm, 1.450mm, 1.500mm, 1.550mm, 1.600mm, 1.650mm, 1.700mm, 1.750mm or 1.800mm, but is not limited to these.

[0064] It should be noted that the wavelength range of the corresponding electromagnetic wave can be obtained according to the working frequency band range of the antenna application. For example, the working frequency range of the W band is: 75~110GHz, and the corresponding wavelength range of the electromagnetic wave is about 2.73~4mm, and the half-wavelength range is: 1.36~2mm, that is, under a certain working frequency, the wavelength of the corresponding electromagnetic wave can be obtained. Among them, the value selected for the waveguide width dimension a is greater than half of the wavelength (i.e. half the wavelength): a>λ / 2, and the waveguide wavelength λ of the waveguide unit can be determined by the waveguide width dimension a and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. g .like Fig.10 As shown, when the waveguide wide side dimension a, the waveguide narrow side dimension b, the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave and the waveguide wavelength λ g When the value of is determined, the larger the ratio of the offset of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the width of the waveguide, that is, the larger the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24, the larger the equivalent conductance value of the waveguide radiation slot 24, the larger the radiation energy and radiation power, and the longer the radiation or scanning distance.

[0065] Preferably, the waveguide radiation slot 24 is in a strip shape, and both ends of the waveguide radiation slot 24 are semicircular.

[0066] In some embodiments, the length of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is 2 to 25 mm, the width of the straight waveguide segment 231 is 1.37 to 4 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide segment 231 is 0.5 to 3.6 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide segment 232 is 1.6 to 25 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.25 to 1 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 1.37 to 2.5 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0.005 to 1.8 mm, the length of the slow-wave line layer 2 is 50 to 400 mm, and the width of the slow-wave line layer 2 is 5 to 150 mm. The slow-wave line layer and waveguide slot antenna within this range can be better used in the working range of the W band (75-110GHz). They can radiate electromagnetic waves that are strong in the middle and weak on both sides. They have the characteristics of small overall size, wide radiation range, strong radiation energy and long radiation distance.

[0067] The slow wave line layer 2 of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0068] Example 1

[0069] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in a serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The adjacent two straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. Among them, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0070] In this embodiment, the length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 9.4 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 2.3 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.61 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 4.4 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 1.9 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.4 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.02-0.10 mm, and the offset d of the center line of multiple waveguide radiation slots 24 is different. Along the transmission direction of the serpentine channel 23, the offset first increases and then decreases. The length of the slow wave line layer 2 is 184.8 mm, and the width of the slow wave line layer 2 is 15 mm.

[0071] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.008≤e≤0.043.

[0072] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 79-80 GHz.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in a serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The adjacent two straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. Among them, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0075] The length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 3 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 2.3 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.61 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 4.4 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 1.9 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.4 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.02-0.10 mm, and the offset d of the center line of the plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 is different. Along the transmission direction of the serpentine channel 23, the offset increases first and then decreases. The length of the slow wave line layer 2 is 184.8 mm, and the width of the slow wave line layer 2 is 15 mm. It should be noted that when the length of the straight waveguide section 231 or the connecting waveguide section changes, it will affect the antenna beam scanning pointing angle to a certain extent, and reduce the antenna scanning angle.

[0076] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.008≤e≤0.043.

[0077] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 79-80 GHz.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in a serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The adjacent two straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. Among them, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0080] The length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 9.4 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 2.3 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.61 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 4.4 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 1.9 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.4 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.07-0.13 mm, and the offset d of the center line of multiple waveguide radiation slots 24 is different. Along the transmission direction of the serpentine channel 23, the offset first increases and then decreases. The length of the slow wave line layer 2 is 89.6 mm, and the width of the slow wave line layer 2 is 15 mm. It should be noted that when the length of the slow-wave line layer 2 is reduced, in order to retain better antenna gain, sidelobe level and other performance effects, the offset of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 can be adjusted accordingly to adapt to the shorter serpentine slow-wave plate.

[0081] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.030≤e≤0.056.

[0082] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 79-80 GHz.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in a serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The adjacent two straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. Among them, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0085] The length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 8 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 1.96 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.37 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 3.74 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.425 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 1.62 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.34 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 is 0.017-0.085 mm, and the offset d of the center lines of the multiple waveguide radiation slots 24 are different. Along the transmission direction of the serpentine channel 23, the offset first increases and then decreases. The length of the slow wave line layer 2 is 157.7 mm, and the width of the slow wave line layer 2 is 12.75 mm.

[0086] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.008≤e≤0.043.

[0087] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 92-93 GHz.

[0088] By adjusting the above parameters of the slow-wave line layer 2 in equal proportion, the scanning work in different working frequency bands can be adapted and a better antenna radiation effect can be obtained.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feed port layer 1, and a feed signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feed signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in a serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The adjacent two straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. Among them, the center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 in the slow-wave line layer 2 is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0091] In this embodiment, the length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 9.4 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 2.3 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.61 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 4.4 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 1.9 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0.4 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0.05 mm, the length of the slow-wave line layer 2 is 184.8 mm, and the width of the slow-wave line layer 2 is 15 mm.

[0092] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.021.

[0093] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 79-80 GHz.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The present invention provides a slow-wave line layer 2, wherein a serpentine slow-wave cavity 21 is provided on one end face of the slow-wave line layer 2 facing the feeding port layer 1, and a feeding signal terminal 22 is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21, and the feeding signal terminal 22 is correspondingly connected to the feeding port 11 to realize battery wave transmission; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots 24 are arranged in the serpentine channel 23 of the serpentine slow-wave cavity 21. The serpentine channel 23 includes a plurality of straight waveguide segments 231 and a connecting waveguide segment 232, and a gap is left between two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 to separate the two straight waveguide segments 231 to avoid signal interference. The two adjacent straight waveguide segments 231 are connected by the connecting waveguide segment 232 to construct a slow-wave line structure. The center line of the straight waveguide segment 231 coincides with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot 24.

[0096] In this embodiment, the length of the straight waveguide section 231 is preferably 9.4 mm, the width of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide wide side dimension a) is 2.3 mm, the depth of the straight waveguide section 231 (i.e., the waveguide narrow side dimension b) is 1.61 mm, the length of the connecting waveguide section 232 is 4.4 mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 1.9 mm, the width of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0.4 mm, the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation gap 24 is 0 mm, the length of the slow wave line layer 2 is 184.8 mm, and the width of the slow wave line layer 2 is 15 mm.

[0097] In this embodiment, the ratio c of the waveguide narrow side dimension b to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.7, and the ratio e of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot 24 to the waveguide wide side dimension a is 0.

[0098] In this embodiment, the operating frequency is 79-80 GHz.

[0099] The performance of the serpentine slow-wave plates prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was tested, and the following results were obtained: Figures 11 to 16 The normalized directivity diagram of the electromagnetic wave shown in the figure has the following test results:

[0100]

[0101] It can be seen from the above test results and the normalized radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave that, compared with comparative examples 1 to 2, embodiments 1 to 4 have lower sidelobe levels and higher antenna gains, their radiation range and distance are relatively longer, and the electromagnetic wave radiation or scanning effect is better.

[0102] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide slot antenna, characterized in that: It includes a feeding port layer, a slow-wave line layer and a radiation slot layer stacked in sequence; The feeding port layer is provided with a feeding port for inputting electromagnetic waves or outputting electromagnetic waves; A serpentine slow-wave cavity is provided on one end surface of the slow-wave line layer facing the feeding port layer, a feeding signal terminal is provided at one end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity, and the feeding signal terminal is correspondingly connected to the feeding port; a plurality of waveguide radiation slots are spaced apart in the serpentine channel of the serpentine slow-wave cavity; A plurality of radiation cavity units are arranged at intervals on an end surface of the radiation slot layer facing the slow-wave line layer, the radiation cavity units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the waveguide radiation slots, a plurality of radiation slots are arranged at intervals inside the radiation cavity unit, and a signal connection end correspondingly coupled to the waveguide radiation slot is provided at one end of the radiation cavity unit.

2. The waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Each straight waveguide section in the serpentine channel is provided with the waveguide radiation slot, and the serpentine channel is located below the feeding signal end.

3. The waveguide slot antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The center line of the straight waveguide segment is staggered with the center line of the corresponding waveguide radiation slot, and the center lines of the plurality of waveguide radiation slots have different offsets.

4. The serpentine slow-wave plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the straight waveguide section includes a waveguide wide side dimension a and a waveguide narrow side dimension b. The ratio of the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot to the waveguide wide side dimension a, e=d / a, is 0<e<0.

5. The equivalent conductance value of the waveguide radiation slot increases with the increase of the ratio e.

5. The serpentine slow-wave plate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wide side dimension a of the waveguide is 1.37 mm ≤ a ≤ 4 mm, the narrow side dimension b of the waveguide is 0.5 mm ≤ b ≤ 3.6 mm, and the offset d of the center line of the waveguide radiation slot is 0.005 mm ≤ d ≤ 1.8 mm.

6. The waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation cavity unit has a plurality of radiation slots arranged at intervals upwardly along the signal connection end, and two adjacent radiation slots are staggered and arranged on both sides of a vertical center line of the radiation cavity unit.

7. The waveguide slot antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A coupling layer is provided between the feeding port layer and the slow-wave line layer, and a coupling port corresponding to the feeding port is provided on the coupling layer, and the coupling port is respectively connected to the feeding port and the feeding signal terminal.

8. The waveguide slot antenna according to claim 7, wherein: A signal discharge port is provided at the other end of the serpentine slow-wave cavity, and discharge ports corresponding to and connected to the signal discharge port are provided on the feeding port layer and the coupling layer.

9. The waveguide slot antenna according to claim 8, wherein: A first discharge hole is provided at one end of the radiation cavity unit away from the signal connection end, and second discharge holes corresponding to the first discharge hole are provided on the feeding port layer, the slow-wave line layer and the coupling layer.

10. A waveguide slot antenna control method, characterized in that: Applied to the waveguide slot antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: Obtain electromagnetic wave signals of preset frequencies and control work instructions; When the control working instruction is a preset working instruction, the electromagnetic wave signal is emitted to the feeding port in the feeding port layer, and transmitted to the feeding signal end on the slow wave line layer through the feeding port; The electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the serpentine channel of the serpentine slow-wave cavity through the feed signal end. When the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the waveguide radiation slots in the serpentine channel in sequence, the electromagnetic wave signal will be coupled to the signal connection end in the corresponding radiation cavity unit by the waveguide radiation slots in sequence. The electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted along the channel of the radiation cavity unit through the signal connection end. When the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the radiation slots in sequence, the radiation slots radiate the electromagnetic wave signal outward.

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