Photovoltaic system under-panel irrigation monitoring method, system and device for grassland in arid region

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic solar power station park rainfall irrigation, and discloses an arid area grassland photovoltaic system under-panel irrigation monitoring method, system and device. According to the method, a monitoring device is used for monitoring the soil humidity under a current arid area photovoltaic park (grassland photovoltaic system) panel in real time, and when the soil humidity is lower than a threshold value set by a user, the monitoring device starts a water suction pump to work through an internal processor; meanwhile, the monitoring device controls the opening degree and the opening and closing time of an intelligent switch electromagnetic valve additionally arranged on a tee joint or a four-way joint in the transverse pipe and longitudinal pipe connecting device; and the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring end performs comprehensive treatment according to the current soil humidity to obtain an optimal soil humidity and soil salinity and alkalinity combined value. The soil humidity around the drip irrigation opening of the underground drip irrigation pipeline can be monitored, the water suction pump is turned on and turned off through the monitoring center device, and the water utilization efficiency of vegetation of a grassland photovoltaic system in an arid region is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of precipitation irrigation in photovoltaic solar power station parks, and in particular relates to a method, system and device for monitoring under-board irrigation of a photovoltaic system for grasslands in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic solar power generation is developing rapidly in a large-scale centralized manner, alleviating the pressure of fossil resource mining and energy generation on climate change. At the same time, the large-scale construction of photovoltaic parks in temperate desert grasslands in arid areas requires attention to major ecological problems such as the decrease in soil moisture under the panels and the degradation of grassland vegetation caused by salinization due to the interception of precipitation by photovoltaic modules.

[0003] The existing invention provides a photovoltaic panel rainwater collection irrigation device (Announcement No. CN221059097U, Publication Date: June 4, 2024), which includes a photovoltaic panel, a main pipe and a water collecting tank. A column is provided at the bottom end of the photovoltaic panel, and a collecting box is fixedly installed on the front bottom end surface of the photovoltaic panel. The collecting box is welded to the front of the first row of columns at the bottom end of the front of the photovoltaic panel, and the collecting box is connected to the water collecting tank through the main pipe; the device is provided with a water collecting trough and a water collecting tank, and the water flow collected by the water collecting trough falls completely into the collecting box, and then each collecting box is connected to the main pipe through a water outlet hole and a water outlet pipe. At this time, the rainwater flows into the water collecting tank through the main pipe, and then is extracted from the water pump inside the water collecting tank and then arranged by the irrigation pipe. The irrigation system irrigates the plants in the form of drip irrigation.

[0004] At present, in solar photovoltaic parks in grassland areas of arid regions, the precipitation collected by photovoltaic system panels is often concentrated in one area and cannot be reasonably utilized. It is impossible to achieve reasonable and intelligent management of rainwater irrigation output, and it is impossible to effectively carry out dark irrigation of grassland plants and reduce direct volatilization of water. At the same time, it is impossible to effectively monitor soil moisture and salinity of grassland, and it is impossible to effectively monitor and manage the vertical irrigation height.

[0005] Existing photovoltaic irrigation and drainage technology is mainly used in the agricultural field, and photovoltaics are mainly used as power supply devices. Existing Chinese Patent 1: Invention Name: Water-saving equipment for surface water irrigation, Publication Number: CN119183934A, Publication Date: December 27, 2024; Existing Chinese Patent 2: Invention Name: A mobile photovoltaic irrigation device, Publication Number: CN222236016U, Publication Date: December 27, 2024; Existing Chinese Patent 3: Invention Name: A multifunctional sprinkler system and sprinkler method integrated with photovoltaic trellises, Publication Number: CN119111367A, Publication Date: December 13, 2024; Existing Chinese Patent 4: Invention Name: Small-scale automated water collection and irrigation device and method for desertification prevention and control, Publication Number: CN117296690A, Publication Date: December 29, 2023. The above patents describe the content, not the photovoltaic solar power station park in arid areas.

[0006] Existing patents for irrigation and drainage applications involving photovoltaic parks, such as the existing Chinese Patent 1: Name of the invention: A photovoltaic sand control system in desert areas, publication number: CN117223531A, publication date: December 15, 2023; such as the existing Chinese Patent 2: Name of the invention: An ecological photovoltaic sand control device, publication number: CN118065468A, publication date: May 24, 2024; such as the existing Chinese Patent 3: Name of the invention: A photovoltaic array rainwater backflow collection and irrigation device based on self-gravity, publication number: CN220255305U, publication date: December 29, 2023. However, the technical solutions described in the above patents still have the following deficiencies or defects: 1. Irrigation is ground sprinkler irrigation, which leads to strong evaporation and low water utilization rate of vegetation; 2. The irrigation system is too complicated, has low fault tolerance, and its practicality still needs to be further improved; 3. There is no effective monitoring of soil moisture, especially soil moisture under photovoltaic panels, in the irrigation system; 4. There are very few patents for irrigation systems in photovoltaic parks in arid areas to promote the restoration and recovery of grassland vegetation under photovoltaic panels and prevent soil salinization. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention provide a method, system and device for monitoring under-panel irrigation of a photovoltaic system in grasslands in arid areas.

[0008] The technical solution is as follows: A method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands, characterized in that the method comprises:

[0009] S1, using a monitoring device to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel in the current arid grassland in real time, and sending the current soil moisture to a remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal;

[0010] S2, when the soil moisture is lower than the threshold set by the user, the monitoring device starts the water pump through the internal processor, and at the same time, the soil moisture vertical section height is monitored in real time through the soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different positions inside the ground, and the monitoring information is wirelessly transmitted to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal, and according to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for grassland plant growth, a control instruction is sent to the monitoring device, and the monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device;

[0011] S3, according to the opening degree and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve, the precipitation state of a certain area is regulated, and the soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time through soil salinity monitors arranged in different parts of the ground, and the improvement effect of soil salinization is monitored. The salinity level of the place is wirelessly sent to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, and compared with the preset salinity of the vegetation growth. The remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combination value. According to the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening degree and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve are further adjusted.

[0012] Further, in step S2, the monitoring device controls the opening degree and the switching duration of the solenoid valve, including:

[0013] Step 1: The horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device has M p The intelligent switch solenoid valves are arranged in a preset manner according to the underground drip irrigation system; the G drip irrigation outlets of the single intelligent switch solenoid valve are distributed at equal intervals within the coverage of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device, and the gth drip irrigation outlet is O g ; Establish an O g There are Q precipitation drip irrigation totals around, each precipitation drip irrigation total is a geometric flow path model for a single transport path;

[0014] Step 2: Flow Path W f During the drip irrigation flow segment being used, it is quasi-static, and the flow path from one drip irrigation flow segment to another drip irrigation flow segment is changing. Then, in the mth flow segment, from O g Flow-increasing flow paths to cross-pipe and longitudinal-pipe connections;

[0015] Step 3: Divide the area coverage of the arid grassland photovoltaic system panel of the incident signal into a uniform direction grid point set R = [R 1 ,R 2 …R M ] K , where R M is the Mth grid point, K is the order; the transport path is on the grid point, then δ g,w,m =[ δ g,1,m ,δ g,2,m… δ g,L,m ] K is a subset of R, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the gth drip irrigation outlet is in the mth flow segment of the wth flow path, δ g,L,m is the grid point of the delivery path of the g-th drip irrigation outlet in the m-th flow segment of the L-th flow path; the deviation vector f is introduced g,m , if and only if δ g,m An element of R n ,n=1,2…M, its elements are 0 or 1, and the nth element is 1; then in the mth flow segment, from O g The flow path to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalent to the flow increase; where δ g,m is the grid point of the transport path of the m flow segments in the g-th drip irrigation outlet, R n is the nth grid point, M is the number of grid points;

[0016] Step 4: When the soil moisture vertical section height trend x cannot meet the pre-planned grid points, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) approximate linear representation;

[0017] Step 5: In the drip irrigation flow section of the flow path with a certain opening, the physical environment of the drip irrigation outlet remains unchanged during the comparative time, ignoring Φ(u g,m ), f g,m and The traffic segment index m is obtained, Φ(u g ), f g and Only the instantaneous virtual flow path p g,m is variable; among them, φ(u g,m ) is the error vector change value of the nth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, f g,m is the opening frequency of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, is the O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the nth grid, Φ(u g ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, f g is the opening frequency of the g-th drip irrigation outlet, O g The flow increase of the nth grid; the current system is allocated with τ length W x The orthogonal training sequence, the corresponding orthogonal training set is defined as: X = (x 1 ,x 2 …xτ ); At the same time, the G drip irrigation outlets are divided into GL groups, each group has τ drip irrigation outlets, and the first group is taken as an example, and the receiving signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is represented;

[0018] Step 6: Definition Vector m =vec(S m ) and M p W x ×1 vector n m =vec(M m ) is the received signal, γ is the covariance value, ε n is the deviation of the nth grid, M p is the pth grid point, W x is the length of the orthogonal training sequence, vec(S m ) is the orthogonal training value of the flow area of ​​the mth flow segment, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, vec(M m ) is the orthogonal training value of the grid point M in the mth flow segment;

[0019] Step 7: When the received signal is known, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector.

[0020] Further, in step 2, from O g The flow to the cross pipe and longitudinal pipe connection device increases the flow path, and the expression is:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, v g,m is the flow value of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, W is the number of flow paths, is the number of O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the w-th path, A(δ g,w,m ) is the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector;

[0023] The expression of the opening size response vector of the intelligent switch solenoid valve is:

[0024]

[0025] Where e is the Reynolds index, j is the node, M p is the pth grid point, λ is the drip irrigation diameter, d is the interval of the intelligent switch solenoid valve of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device,

[0026] In step three, from O gThe flow path of the flow increase to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalently expressed as:

[0027] v g,m =B(R)diag(f g,m ) g,m

[0028] Where B(R) is the Rth grid point flow, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet g,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path, p g,m ∈R M×1 .

[0029] In step 4, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) is approximately linearly expressed as:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, is the actual opening value of the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening response vector, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the g-th drip irrigation outlet is in the m-th flow segment of the w-th flow path, For The derivative of To δ g,w,m The nearest grid point of

[0032] Definition M p ×M matrix D'(R) = [D(R 1 ),D(R 2 )…D(R M )], M×1 mismatch error vector u g,m =[u g,1,m ,u g,2,m …u g,M,m ] K , then the grid offset flow path model v g,m It is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] Where B(R) is the Rth grid point flow, D'(R) is a matrix of grid points with a length of grid points and a width of M grid points, and diag(u g,m) is the virtual flow increase under the error vector of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outletg,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path.

[0035] In step 5, the received signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is expressed as:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, S m is the flow area signal of the mth flow segment, τ is the τth drip irrigation outlet, x g is an orthogonal training set subset, M m is the flow deviation at the grid point M in the mth flow segment, Φ(u g ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g ) is the opening frequency f of the current g-th drip irrigation outlet g The virtual traffic increase under .

[0038] In step six, the received signal is represented as:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, is the Kronecker product, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, F is the flow value, f m is the frequency of opening in the mth flow segment.

[0041] In step 7, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector, including: the instantaneous virtual flow paths of different drip irrigation outlets are assumed to be independent and satisfy in, Ω{X'} is to extract the diagonal elements of matrix X', and define M p W x M×1 vector M τ M×1 vector M τ ×1 Vector When the received signal s is known, the goal of model parameter learning is to solve the optimal opening size vector using the ideal opening optimal control method.

[0042] In step S3, the soil moisture vertical section height monitor monitors the soil moisture vertical section height in real time, including:

[0043] 1) Construct the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer: Take the pixel point in the center of the layer as the origin, horizontally to the right as the x-axis, and vertically upward as the y-axis to establish the layer coordinate system {l}, determine the mapping matrix R(k) = diag(K, k) of the vertical section coordinate system {b} to the layer coordinate system {l} and the position layer It represents the position of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l}. According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and heights of the position characteristics of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height of the flow change t in the layer coordinate system {l} are determined respectively. and kr i , let the location layer The image threshold of all abnormal soil moisture vertical section height coverage areas is 255, and the recursive expression of the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer is obtained as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where K represents the mapping coefficient, which is used to characterize the number of pixels in the layer coordinate system {l} corresponding to the unit distance of the vertical section coordinate system {b}; Indicates the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer; Represents the location layer; γ s Represents the position attenuation coefficient; the clip function is used to limit the pixel intensity in the layer to the interval [0,255]; represents the position of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; r i represents the drought height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the vertical section coordinate system {b}, i = 1, 2…n, n represents the number of abnormal soil moisture vertical section heights observed by the t flow change monitor within the situation awareness area;

[0046] 2) Construct a dangerous drought layer by calculating the vertical section height of each abnormal soil moisture in the situation awareness area, the contact position relationship of the monitor, and the flow irrigation degree:

[0047] Determine the critical drought layer L c is the relative position relationship between the vertical section height of all abnormal soil moisture in the layer coordinate system {l} and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact, and the relative position between the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and height of the relative contact position characteristics of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l} are and kr i , Dangerous drought layer L c The image threshold of the area covered by the i-th contact point in is:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, d i represents the lateral distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; t i b represents the longitudinal distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; i Indicates the distance change value of the nearest contact flow change; γ c represents the drought attenuation coefficient, when t i ≥0, the image threshold is closer to the maximum value of 20; when t i <0, the image threshold is 0; the dangerous drought layer L c The contact point in the image is used to characterize the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the degree of dangerous drought of the monitor. When the contact point is close to the center of the layer, it means that if the monitor continues to maintain the original drip irrigation flow, it will be dangerous. The larger the image threshold of the contact point, the shorter the expected dangerous flow and the more urgent the drought. When there is no contact point with a high image threshold in the center of the layer, it is judged that the dangerous drought of the monitor is low.

[0050] Another object of the present invention is to provide an under-panel irrigation monitoring system for grassland in arid areas, comprising:

[0051] A monitoring module is used to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel of the current arid grassland in real time through a monitoring device, and send the current soil moisture to a remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal;

[0052] The intelligent switch solenoid valve control module is used to start the water pump through the internal processor of the monitoring device when the soil moisture is lower than the threshold set by the user. At the same time, the vertical section height of the soil moisture is monitored in real time through the soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different positions inside the ground and the monitored information is wirelessly transmitted to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal. According to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for the growth of grassland plants, a control instruction is sent to the monitoring device. The monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device;

[0053] The comprehensive control module is used to control the precipitation status of a certain area according to the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve. The soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time through soil salinity monitors arranged in different parts of the ground, and the improvement effect of soil salinization is monitored. The salinity of the area is wirelessly sent to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, and compared with the preset salinity of the vegetation growth. The remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combination value. Based on the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve should be further adjusted.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to provide an under-panel irrigation device for a grassland photovoltaic system in an arid area, comprising a photovoltaic array, wherein a front crossbeam and a rear crossbeam are respectively installed below the front inclined portion and the rear inclined portion of the photovoltaic array; columns and pile foundations are successively installed at the lower portions of the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam; the pile foundations are cast on the ground; a water collecting trough having a longitudinal cross section in the shape of an inverted equilateral triangle is arranged at the front end of the photovoltaic array;

[0055] A monitoring device for monitoring soil moisture is installed on the column via a fastening component;

[0056] The water collection tank is connected to the water storage tank through a vertical water pipe and a multi-layer filter in sequence;

[0057] The vertical water pipe penetrates into the lower part of the ground to form a section of drip irrigation pipe buried deep underground; the drip irrigation pipe is provided with an underground drip irrigation system at a depth buried underground;

[0058] The underground drip irrigation system is located on one side of the water storage tank;

[0059] A water pump is installed inside the water storage tank, and a water pumping pipeline is installed on the water pump; the water pumping pipeline transports water to the underground drip irrigation system; the water pump is connected to the monitoring device through a wireless signal.

[0060] In combination with all the above-mentioned technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention monitors the vertical section height of soil moisture in real time through soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different positions inside the ground and wirelessly transmits the monitored information to a remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal, and sends a control instruction to the monitoring device according to a preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for grassland plant growth. The monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal and vertical pipe connecting device; and controls the precipitation state of a certain area according to the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve. , through the soil salinity monitors deployed in different parts of the ground, the soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time, the soil salinization improvement effect is monitored, and the salinity of the area is wirelessly sent to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, and compared with the preset salinity of vegetation growth. The remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combination value. According to the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening of the intelligent switch solenoid valve and the switch time are further adjusted, thereby improving the water utilization efficiency of the arid grassland photovoltaic system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an under-panel irrigation device for a grassland in an arid area provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 is a side view of an under-panel irrigation device for a grassland in an arid area provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the water collecting tank and related structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] In the figure: 1. water collection tank; 101. inclined water collection surface; 2. vertical water pipe; 3. multi-layer filter; 4. monitoring device; 5. water storage tank; 6. water pump; 601. water pumping pipe; 7. underground drip irrigation system; 701. horizontal drip irrigation pipe (horizontal pipe); 702. longitudinal drip irrigation pipe (vertical pipe); 703. horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device; 704. drip irrigation outlet; 8. ground; 801. underground burial depth of drip irrigation pipe; 9. photovoltaic array; 901. pile foundation; 902. column; 903. front beam; 904. rear beam; 905. photovoltaic module (solar panel or photovoltaic panel); 10. precipitation; 11. photovoltaic module surface runoff; 12. precipitation irrigation path; 13. intelligent switch solenoid valve; 14. soil moisture vertical section height monitor; 15. remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal; 16. soil salinity monitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0069] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the under-panel irrigation device of the photovoltaic system for grassland in arid areas provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a water collecting tank 1, which is arranged at the front end of a photovoltaic array 9, and the photovoltaic array 9 is in an inclined state and is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic modules 905 arranged in an array;

[0070] A front crossbeam 903 and a rear crossbeam 904 are respectively installed below the front inclined part and the rear inclined part of the photovoltaic array 9; columns 902 and pile foundations 901 are installed in sequence at the lower parts of the front crossbeam 903 and the rear crossbeam 904; the pile foundations 901 are cast on the ground 8; a monitoring device 4 is installed on the column 902 through a fastening component; the front crossbeam 903 is located at the rear end of the water collection tank 1;

[0071] Exemplarily, the height of the water collection tank 1 is slightly lower than the front eaves of the photovoltaic module 905 of the photovoltaic array 9, and is mainly designed to collect precipitation 10 intercepted by the photovoltaic module 905 to form photovoltaic module surface runoff 11. The precipitation of the photovoltaic module surface runoff 11 flows into the water collection tank 1 in the form of a precipitation irrigation path 12 (such as Figure 2 ).

[0072] For example, the longitudinal cross section of the water collection tank 1 is generally in the shape of an inverted equilateral triangle. Based on the vertical viewing angle, the water collection tank 1 is high in the middle and low at both ends, and inclined water collection surfaces 101 (such as Figure 3 as shown), draining at maximum rate.

[0073] Exemplarily, the water collection tank 1 is connected to the water storage tank 5 through the vertical water pipe 2 and the multi-layer filter 3 in sequence;

[0074] Preferably, the present invention is designed with two vertical water pipes 2, which are additionally used to support the top water collection tank 1.

[0075] The vertical water pipe 2 penetrates into the lower part of the ground 8 to form a section of drip irrigation pipe with an underground burial depth of 801. The underground burial depth of the drip irrigation pipe from the underground burial depth 801 is 20 cm. The underground drip irrigation system 7 is arranged at the underground burial depth 801 of the drip irrigation pipe; the underground drip irrigation system 7 is located on one side of the water storage tank 5;

[0076] The multi-layer filter 3 is located at the contact part between the vertical water pipe 2 and the ground 8, and is used to filter large particles of sediment and the like, and reduce the impurities entering the water storage tank 5; a water pump 6 is installed inside the water storage tank 5, and a water pumping pipe 601 is installed on the water pump 6; the water pumping pipe 601 transports water to the underground drip irrigation system 7;

[0077] Large particles of sediment are filtered through the multi-layer filter 3 to prevent the water pump 6, the water pumping pipeline 601 and the underground drip irrigation system 7 from being blocked.

[0078] At the same time, the opening and closing of the water pump 6 is controlled by the monitoring device 4. The monitoring device 4 can collect the soil moisture around the water outlet of the underground drip irrigation pipeline.

[0079] The underground drip irrigation system 7 is designed with a horizontal drip irrigation pipe 701 (parallel to the front eaves of the photovoltaic module) and a vertical drip irrigation pipe 702 (vertical to the front eaves of the photovoltaic module). The horizontal drip irrigation pipe 701 is connected to the vertical drip irrigation pipe 702 through a horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device 703 (such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 ), illustratively, the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device 703 may be a tee (or a cross);

[0080] The transverse drip irrigation pipe 701 is designed with drip irrigation outlets 704 at intervals of 20 cm;

[0081] The monitoring device 4 monitors the soil moisture. When the soil moisture under the panels is lower than a threshold value (set by the user), the monitoring device 4 starts the water pump 6 to achieve dark irrigation of the grass plants under the photovoltaic array panels with extremely low water consumption.

[0082] As another example, the energy of the monitoring device 4 and the water pump 6 can be provided by the power generated by the photovoltaic component 905.

[0083] In another exemplary embodiment, the monitoring device 4 can independently process the monitored soil moisture through the internal processing chip hardware structure. When the soil moisture under the board is lower than the threshold value (set by the user), the monitoring device 4 controls the water pump 6 to start working;

[0084] The applicable area of ​​the under-panel irrigation device for grassland photovoltaic system in arid areas provided by the embodiment of the present invention is mainly the photovoltaic park in arid areas, mainly for grassland photovoltaic system, that is, the photovoltaic park constructed in temperate desert grassland. The present invention lays an underground drip irrigation system 7 in the soil under the photovoltaic module panel, and uses concealed pipe drip irrigation to continuously maintain soil moisture and reduce soil moisture loss.

[0085] The present invention replenishes the soil moisture under the photovoltaic module panels to the greatest extent, provides a suitable soil habitat for the growth of grassland vegetation, and helps to repair and restore the grassland ecology.

[0086] Embodiment 2, in order to realize the monitoring and management of vertical irrigation height and the uniformity of soil moisture, the three-way or four-way used in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device 703 is equipped with an intelligent switch solenoid valve 13, so that the collected rainwater can be transported to the part with low ground humidity. The height of ground humidity can be monitored by the monitoring device 4;

[0087] When the soil moisture under the arid grassland photovoltaic system panel is lower than the threshold value (set by the user), the monitoring device 4 starts the water pump 6 through the internal processor. At the same time, the soil moisture vertical section height monitor 14 installed at different positions inside the ground 8 monitors the soil moisture vertical section height in real time and wirelessly sends the monitored information to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal 15. According to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for the growth of grassland plants, a control instruction is sent to the monitoring device 4. The monitoring device 4 controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13; performs precise control to realize the dark irrigation of grassland plants with extremely low water consumption under the arid grassland photovoltaic system panel; at the same time, according to the intelligent switch solenoid valve The opening degree and switch duration of valve 13 regulate the precipitation state of a certain area. Soil salinity and alkalinity of the area are monitored in real time through soil salinity monitors 16 arranged at different parts of the ground 8, the improvement effect of soil salinization and alkalinity are monitored, and the ecological status of grassland plant growth is further evaluated; the salinity level of the area is wirelessly sent to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15, and compared with the preset salinity of vegetation growth. The remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15 performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combined value. Based on this combined value, it is further determined whether the opening degree and switch duration of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 should be further adjusted. Figure 4 shown.

[0088] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0089] S1, using the monitoring device 4 to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel in the current arid grassland in real time, and sending the current soil moisture to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal 15;

[0090] S2, when the soil moisture is lower than the threshold value set by the user, the monitoring device 4 starts the water pump 6 through the internal processor, and at the same time, the soil moisture vertical section height monitor 14 installed at different positions inside the ground 8 monitors the soil moisture vertical section height in real time and wirelessly sends the monitored information to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15, and sends a control instruction to the monitoring device 4 according to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for grassland plant growth, and the monitoring device 4 controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device 703;

[0091] S3, according to the opening degree and the switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13, the precipitation state of a certain area is regulated, and the soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time by the soil salinity monitor 16 arranged at different parts of the ground 8, and the improvement effect of soil salinization is monitored. The salinity degree of the place is wirelessly sent to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15, and compared with the preset salinity of the vegetation growth. The remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15 performs comprehensive processing according to the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combination value. According to the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening degree and the switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 are further adjusted.

[0092] Exemplarily, the method for the monitoring device 4 to control the opening of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 includes:

[0093] Further, in step S2, the monitoring device controls the opening degree and the switching duration of the solenoid valve, including:

[0094] Step 1: The horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device has M p The intelligent switch solenoid valves are arranged in a preset manner according to the underground drip irrigation system; the G drip irrigation outlets of the single intelligent switch solenoid valve are distributed at equal intervals within the coverage of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device, and the gth drip irrigation outlet is O g ; Establish an O g There are Q precipitation drip irrigation totals around, each precipitation drip irrigation total is a geometric flow path model for a single transport path;

[0095] Step 2: Flow Path W f During the drip irrigation flow segment being used, it is quasi-static, and the flow path from one drip irrigation flow segment to another drip irrigation flow segment is changing. Then, in the mth flow segment, from O gFlow-increasing flow paths to cross-pipe and longitudinal-pipe connections;

[0096] Step 3: Divide the area coverage of the arid grassland photovoltaic system panel of the incident signal into a uniform direction grid point set R = [R 1 ,R 2 …R M ] K , where R M is the Mth grid point, K is the order; the transport path is on the grid point, then δ g,w,m =[δ g,1,m ,δ g,2,m… δ g,L,m ] K is a subset of R, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the gth drip irrigation outlet is in the mth flow segment of the wth flow path, δ g,L,m is the grid point of the delivery path of the g-th drip irrigation outlet in the m-th flow segment of the L-th flow path; the deviation vector f is introduced g,m , if and only if δ g,m An element of R n ,n=1,2…M, its elements are 0 or 1, and the nth element is 1; then in the mth flow segment, from O g The flow path to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalent to the flow increase; where δ g,m is the grid point of the transport path of the m flow segments in the g-th drip irrigation outlet, R n is the nth grid point, M is the number of grid points;

[0097] Step 4: When the soil moisture vertical section height trend x cannot meet the pre-planned grid points, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) approximate linear representation;

[0098] Step 5: In the drip irrigation flow section of the flow path with a certain opening, the physical environment of the drip irrigation outlet remains unchanged during the comparative time, ignoring Φ(u g,m ), f g,m and The traffic segment index m is obtained, Φ(u g ), f g and Only the instantaneous virtual flow path p g,m is variable; among them, Φ(u g,m ) is the error vector change value of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, f g,m is the opening frequency of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, is the O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the nth grid, Φ(ug ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, f g is the opening frequency of the g-th drip irrigation outlet, O g The flow increase of the nth grid; the current system is allocated with τ length W x The orthogonal training sequence, the corresponding orthogonal training set is defined as: X = (x 1 ,x 2 …x τ ); At the same time, the G drip irrigation outlets are divided into GL groups, each group has τ drip irrigation outlets, and the first group is taken as an example, and the receiving signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is represented;

[0099] Step 6: Definition Vector m =vec(S m ) and M p W x ×1 vector n m =vec(M m ) is the received signal, γ is the covariance value, ε n is the deviation of the nth grid, M p is the pth grid point, W x is the length of the orthogonal training sequence, vec(S m ) is the orthogonal training value of the flow area of ​​the mth flow segment, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, vec(M m ) is the orthogonal training value of the grid point M in the mth flow segment;

[0100] Step 7: When the received signal is known, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector.

[0101] Further, in step 2, from O g The flow to the cross pipe and longitudinal pipe connection device increases the flow path, and the expression is:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, v g,m is the flow value of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, W is the number of flow paths, is the number of O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the w-th path, A(δ g,w,m ) is the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector;

[0104] The expression of the opening size response vector of the intelligent switch solenoid valve is:

[0105]

[0106] Where e is the Reynolds index, j is the node, M p is the pth grid point, λ is the drip irrigation diameter, d is the interval of the intelligent switch solenoid valve of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device,

[0107] In step three, from O g The flow path of the flow increase to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalently expressed as:

[0108] v g,m =B(R)diag(f g,m ) g,m

[0109] Where B(R) is the Rth grid point flow, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet g,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path, p g,m ∈R M×1 .

[0110] In step 4, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) is approximately linearly expressed as:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, is the actual opening value of the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening response vector, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the g-th drip irrigation outlet is in the m-th flow segment of the w-th flow path, For The derivative of To δ g,w,m The nearest grid point of

[0113] Definition M p ×M matrix D'(R) = [D(R 1 ),D(R 2 )…D(R M )], M×1 mismatch error vector u g,m =[u g,1,m ,u g,2,m …u g,M,m ] K , then the grid offset flow path model v g,m It is expressed as:

[0114]

[0115] Where B(R) is the Rth grid point mass flow, D'(R) is a matrix of grid points with a length of p and a width of M, and diag(u g,m ) is the virtual flow increase under the error vector of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet g,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path.

[0116] In step 5, the received signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is expressed as:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, S m is the flow area signal of the mth flow segment, τ is the τth drip irrigation outlet, x g is an orthogonal training set subset, M m is the flow deviation at the grid point M in the mth flow segment, Φ(u g ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g ) is the opening frequency f of the current g-th drip irrigation outlet g The virtual traffic increase under .

[0119] In step six, the received signal is represented as:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, is the Kronecker product, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, F is the flow value, f m is the frequency of opening in the mth flow segment.

[0122] In step 7, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector, including: the instantaneous virtual flow paths of different drip irrigation outlets are assumed to be independent and satisfy in, Ω{X'} is to extract the diagonal elements of matrix X', and define M p W x M×1 vector M τ M×1 vector M τ ×1 Vector When the received signal s is known, the goal of model parameter learning is to solve the optimal opening size vector using the ideal opening optimal control method.

[0123] Exemplarily, the monitoring device 4 controls the switching duration of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 based on whether the monitored soil moisture reaches a threshold set by the user. When the threshold set by the user is reached, the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 is automatically closed.

[0124] Exemplarily, the soil moisture vertical section height monitor real-time monitoring of the soil moisture vertical section height includes:

[0125] 1) Construct the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer: Take the pixel point in the center of the layer as the origin, horizontally to the right as the x-axis, and vertically upward as the y-axis to establish the layer coordinate system {l}, determine the mapping matrix R(k) = diag(K, K) of the vertical section coordinate system {b} to the layer coordinate system {l} and the position layer It represents the position of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l}. According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and heights of the position characteristics of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height of the flow change t in the layer coordinate system {l} are determined respectively. and kr i , let the location layer The image threshold of all abnormal soil moisture vertical section height coverage areas is 255, and the recursive expression of the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer is obtained as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Where K represents the mapping coefficient, which is used to characterize the number of pixels in the layer coordinate system {l} corresponding to the unit distance of the vertical section coordinate system {b}; Indicates the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer; Represents the location layer; γ s Represents the position attenuation coefficient; the clip function is used to limit the pixel intensity in the layer to the interval [0,255]; represents the position of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; r i represents the drought height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the vertical section coordinate system {b}, i = 1, 2…n, n represents the number of abnormal soil moisture vertical section heights observed by the t flow change monitor within the situation awareness area;

[0128] 2) Construct a dangerous drought layer by calculating the vertical section height of each abnormal soil moisture in the situation awareness area, the contact position relationship of the monitor, and the flow irrigation degree:

[0129] Determine the critical drought layer Lc is the relative position relationship between the vertical section height of all abnormal soil moisture in the layer coordinate system {l} and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact, and the relative position between the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and height of the relative contact position characteristics of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l} are and kr i , Dangerous drought layer L c The image threshold of the area covered by the i-th contact point in is:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, d i represents the lateral distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; t i b represents the longitudinal distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; i Indicates the distance change value of the nearest contact flow change; γ c represents the drought attenuation coefficient, when t i ≥0, the image threshold is closer to the maximum value of 20; when t i <0, the image threshold is 0; the dangerous drought layer L c The contact point in the image is used to characterize the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the degree of dangerous drought of the monitor. When the contact point is close to the center of the layer, it means that if the monitor continues to maintain the original drip irrigation flow, it will be dangerous. The larger the image threshold of the contact point, the shorter the expected dangerous flow and the more urgent the drought. When there is no contact point with a high image threshold in the center of the layer, it is judged that the dangerous drought of the monitor is low.

[0132] Through the above method, the present invention monitors and evaluates the soil moisture value, and through the soil moisture value, it can be further determined whether to improve salinization and prevent soil salinization;

[0133] Through the monitoring and management of vertical irrigation height, the vertical section height is monitored and evaluated to effectively obtain an environment suitable for plant growth. Through appropriate humidity and irrigation height, the ecological conditions suitable for grassland plant growth provide a basis for plant growth evaluation.

[0134] For example, how the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal 15 performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combined value can be obtained according to conventional technology and can be further manually judged. As long as the user appropriately adjusts the soil moisture threshold, the above-mentioned intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 can be intelligently regulated and the monitoring and management of the vertical irrigation height can be combined. The opening size and opening time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 can be intelligently regulated to obtain a suitable soil moisture, which effectively alleviates soil salinity. Therefore, based on the combined value, it can be further determined whether the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve 13 should be further adjusted.

[0135] Embodiment 3, the present invention provides an under-panel irrigation monitoring system for grassland in arid areas, comprising:

[0136] A monitoring module is used to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel of the current arid grassland in real time through a monitoring device, and send the current soil moisture to a remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal;

[0137] The intelligent switch solenoid valve control module is used to start the water pump through the internal processor of the monitoring device when the soil moisture is lower than the threshold set by the user. At the same time, the vertical section height of the soil moisture is monitored in real time through the soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different positions inside the ground and the monitored information is wirelessly transmitted to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal. According to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for the growth of grassland plants, a control instruction is sent to the monitoring device. The monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device;

[0138] The comprehensive control module is used to control the precipitation status of a certain area according to the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve. The soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time through soil salinity monitors arranged in different parts of the ground, and the improvement effect of soil salinization is monitored. The salinity of the area is wirelessly sent to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, and compared with the preset salinity of the vegetation growth. The remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal soil moisture and soil salinity combination value. Based on the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve should be further adjusted.

[0139] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, using a monitoring device to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel in the current arid grassland in real time, and sending the moisture data information to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal; S2, when the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold, the monitoring device starts the water pump through the processor, monitors the soil moisture in real time through the soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different depths, and sends the monitoring information to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal. According to the preset soil moisture threshold range for grassland plant growth, the control command is sent to the monitoring device, and the monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the solenoid valve, which is installed in the three-way or four-way of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device; S3, regulates the irrigation status according to the opening degree and switching duration of the solenoid valve, monitors the soil salinity in real time through soil salinity monitors installed at different parts of the ground, sends the salinity data to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, compares it with the preset salinity of the vegetation growth, and the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain the combined value of soil moisture and soil salinity, and determines whether the opening degree and switching duration of the solenoid valve need to be further adjusted based on the combined value.

2. The method for monitoring irrigation under photovoltaic system panels in arid grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the monitoring device controls the opening degree and switching duration of the solenoid valve, including: Step 1: The horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device has M p The intelligent switch solenoid valves are arranged in a preset manner according to the underground drip irrigation system; the G drip irrigation outlets of the single intelligent switch solenoid valve are distributed at equal intervals within the coverage of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device, and the gth drip irrigation outlet is O g ; Create an O g There are Q precipitation drip irrigation totals around, each precipitation drip irrigation total is a geometric flow path model for a single transport path; Step 2: Flow Path W f During the drip irrigation flow segment being used, it is quasi-static, and the flow path from one drip irrigation flow segment to another drip irrigation flow segment is changing. Then, in the mth flow segment, from O g Flow-increasing flow paths to cross-pipe and longitudinal-pipe connections; Step 3: Divide the area coverage of the arid grassland photovoltaic system panel of the incident signal into a uniform direction grid point set R = [R1, R2…R M ] K , where R M is the Mth grid point, K is the order; the transport path is on the grid point, then δ g,w,m =[δ g,1,m ,δ g,2,m …δ g,L,m ] K is a subset of R, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the g-th drip irrigation outlet is in the m-th flow segment of the w-th flow path, δ g,L,m is the grid point of the delivery path of the g-th drip irrigation outlet in the m-th flow segment of the L-th flow path; the deviation vector f is introduced g,m , if and only if δ g,m An element of R n ,n=1,2…M, its elements are 0 or 1, and the nth element is 1; then in the mth flow segment, from O g The flow path to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalent to the flow increase; where δ g,m is the grid point of the transport path of the m flow segments in the g-th drip irrigation outlet, R n is the nth grid point, M is the number of grid points; Step 4: When the soil moisture vertical section height trend x cannot meet the pre-planned grid points, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) approximate linear representation; Step 5: In the drip irrigation flow section of the flow path with a certain opening, the physical environment of the drip irrigation outlet remains unchanged during the comparative time, ignoring Φ(u g,m ), f g,m and The traffic segment index m is obtained, Φ(u g ), f g and Only the instantaneous virtual flow path p g,m is variable; among them, Φ(u g,m ) is the error vector change value of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, f g,m is the opening frequency of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, is the O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the nth grid, Φ(u g ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, f g is the opening frequency of the g-th drip irrigation outlet, O g The flow increase of the nth grid; the current system is allocated with τ length W x The corresponding orthogonal training set is defined as: X = (x1, x2…x τ ); At the same time, the G drip irrigation outlets are divided into GL groups, each group has τ drip irrigation outlets, and the first group is taken as an example, and the receiving signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is represented; Step 6: Definition M p W x =1, vector s m =vec(S m ) and M p W x ×1 vector n m =vec(M m ) is the received signal, γ is the covariance value, ε n is the deviation of the nth grid, M p is the pth grid point, W x is the length of the orthogonal training sequence, vec(S m ) is the orthogonal training value of the flow area of ​​the mth flow segment, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, vec(M m ) is the orthogonal training value of the grid point M in the mth flow segment; Step 7: When the received signal is known, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector.

3. The method for monitoring irrigation under the photovoltaic system in arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, from O g The flow to the cross pipe and longitudinal pipe connection device increases the flow path, and the expression is: In the formula, v g,m is the flow value of the mth flow segment in the gth drip irrigation outlet, W is the number of flow paths, is the number of O in the mth flow segment g The flow increase of the w-th path, A(δ g,w,m ) is the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector; The expression of the opening size response vector of the intelligent switch solenoid valve is: Where e is the Reynolds index, j is the node, M p is the pth grid point, λ is the drip irrigation diameter, d is the interval of the intelligent switch solenoid valve of the horizontal and vertical pipe connection device, 4. The method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step three, from O g The flow path of the flow increase to the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device is equivalently expressed as: v g,m =B(R)diag(f g,m )p g,m Where B(R) is the Rth grid point flow, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet g,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path, p g,m ∈R M×1 .

5. The method for monitoring irrigation under the photovoltaic system in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4, the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening size response vector A(δ g,w,m ) is approximately linearly expressed as: In the formula, is the actual opening value of the intelligent switch solenoid valve opening response vector, δ g,w,m is the grid point of the delivery path where the g-th drip irrigation outlet is in the m-th flow segment of the w-th flow path, For The derivative of To δ g,w,m The nearest grid point of Definition M p ×M matrix D'(R) = [D(R1), D(R2)…D(R M )], M×1 mismatch error vector u g,m =[u g,1,m ,u g,2,m …u g,M,m ] K , then the grid offset flow path model v g,m It is expressed as: Where B(R) is the Rth grid point mass flow, D'(R) is a matrix of grid points with a length of p and a width of M, and diag(u g,m ) is the virtual flow increase under the error vector of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g,m ) is the opening frequency f of the mth flow segment in the current gth drip irrigation outlet g,m The virtual flow rate increase under g,m is the deviation matrix of the virtual flow path.

6. The method for monitoring irrigation under the photovoltaic system in arid grasslands according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 5, the received signal of the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connecting device in the mth flow section is expressed as: In the formula, S m is the flow area signal of the mth flow segment, τ is the τth drip irrigation outlet, x g is an orthogonal training set subset, M m is the flow deviation at the grid point M in the mth flow segment, Φ(u g ) is the error vector change value at the g-th drip irrigation outlet, diag(f g ) is the opening frequency f of the current g-th drip irrigation outlet g The virtual traffic increase under In step six, the received signal is represented as: In the formula, is the Kronecker product, n m is the grid point in the mth flow segment, F is the flow value, f m is the frequency of opening in the mth flow segment.

7. The method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 7, the model parameter learning uses the ideal opening optimal control method to solve the optimal opening size vector, including: the instantaneous virtual flow paths of different drip irrigation outlets are assumed to be independent and satisfy in, Ω{X'} is to extract the diagonal elements of matrix X', and define M p W x M×1 vector M τ M×1 vector M τ ×1 Vector When the received signal s is known, the goal of model parameter learning is to solve the optimal opening size vector using the ideal opening optimal control method.

8. The method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the soil moisture vertical section height monitor monitors the soil moisture vertical section height in real time, including: 1) Construct the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer: Take the pixel point in the center of the layer as the origin, horizontally to the right as the x-axis, and vertically upward as the y-axis to establish the layer coordinate system {l}, determine the mapping matrix R(k) = diag(K, K) of the vertical section coordinate system {b} to the layer coordinate system {l} and the position layer It represents the position of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l}. According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and heights of the position characteristics of the abnormal soil moisture vertical section height of the flow change t in the layer coordinate system {l} are determined respectively. and kr i , let the location layer The image threshold of all abnormal soil moisture vertical section height coverage areas is 255, and the recursive expression of the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer is obtained as follows: Where K represents the mapping coefficient, which is used to characterize the number of pixels in the layer coordinate system {l} corresponding to the unit distance of the vertical section coordinate system {b}; Indicates the soil moisture vertical section height anomaly layer; Represents the location layer; γ s Represents the position attenuation coefficient; the clip function is used to limit the pixel intensity in the layer to the interval [0,255]; represents the position of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; r i represents the drought height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the vertical section coordinate system {b}, i = 1, 2…n, n represents the number of abnormal soil moisture vertical section heights observed by the t flow change monitor within the situation awareness area; 2) Construct a dangerous drought layer by calculating the vertical section height of each abnormal soil moisture in the situation awareness area, the contact position relationship of the monitor, and the flow irrigation degree: Determine the critical drought layer L c is the relative position relationship between the vertical section height of all abnormal soil moisture in the layer coordinate system {l} and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact, and the relative position between the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the change in the flow rate in the nearest contact According to the mapping relationship, the coordinates and height of the relative contact position characteristics of the i-th abnormal soil moisture vertical section height in the layer coordinate system {l} are and kr i , Dangerous drought layer L c The image threshold of the area covered by the i-th contact point in is: Among them, d i represents the lateral distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; t i b represents the longitudinal distance deviation of the vertical section height of the i-th abnormal soil moisture relative to the monitor in the vertical section coordinate system {b}; i Indicates the distance change value of the nearest contact flow change; γ c represents the drought attenuation coefficient, when t i ≥0, the image threshold is closer to the maximum value of 20; when t i <0, the image threshold is 0; the dangerous drought layer L c The contact point in the image is used to characterize the vertical section height of abnormal soil moisture and the degree of dangerous drought of the monitor. When the contact point is close to the center of the layer, it means that if the monitor continues to maintain the original drip irrigation flow, it will be dangerous. The larger the image threshold of the contact point, the shorter the expected dangerous flow and the more urgent the drought. When there is no contact point with a high image threshold in the center of the layer, it is judged that the dangerous drought of the monitor is low.

9. An irrigation monitoring system under the photovoltaic system for grassland in arid areas, characterized in that: The method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, and the system comprises: A monitoring module is used to monitor the soil moisture under the photovoltaic system panel of the current arid grassland in real time through a monitoring device, and send the current soil moisture to a remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal; The intelligent switch solenoid valve control module is used to start the water pump through the internal processor of the monitoring device when the soil moisture is lower than the threshold set by the user. At the same time, the vertical section height of the soil moisture is monitored in real time through the soil moisture vertical section height monitors installed at different positions inside the ground and the monitored information is wirelessly transmitted to the remote arid area grassland soil monitoring terminal. According to the preset soil moisture threshold range suitable for the growth of grassland plants, a control instruction is sent to the monitoring device. The monitoring device controls the opening and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve added to the three-way or four-way in the horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection device; The comprehensive control module is used to control the precipitation status of a certain area according to the opening degree and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve. The soil salinity of the area is monitored in real time through soil salinity monitors installed in different parts of the ground, and soil salinization is quantitatively monitored. The salinity level of the area is wirelessly sent to the remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal, and compared with the preset soil salinity (recommended by experts). The remote arid grassland soil monitoring terminal performs comprehensive processing based on the current soil moisture to obtain an optimal combination of soil moisture and soil salinity. Based on the combination value, it is further determined whether the opening degree and switching time of the intelligent switch solenoid valve should be further adjusted.

10. An irrigation monitoring device under the photovoltaic system panel of grassland in arid areas, characterized in that: The method for monitoring irrigation under a photovoltaic system in arid grasslands according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, and the device comprises: It comprises a photovoltaic array (9), wherein a front crossbeam (903) and a rear crossbeam (904) are respectively installed below the front inclined portion and the rear inclined portion of the photovoltaic array (9); columns (902) and pile foundations (901) are installed in sequence below the front crossbeam (903) and the rear crossbeam (904); the pile foundations (901) are cast on the ground (8); and a water collecting trough (1) having a longitudinal cross section in the shape of an inverted equilateral triangle is arranged at the front end of the photovoltaic array (9); A monitoring device (4) for monitoring soil moisture is installed on the column (902) via a fastening component; The water collection tank (1) is connected to the water storage tank (5) in sequence through a vertical water delivery pipe (2) and a multi-layer filter (3); The vertical water pipe (2) penetrates into the lower part of the ground (8) to form a section of drip irrigation pipe buried at a depth (801) underground; an underground drip irrigation system (7) is arranged at the depth (801) underground of the drip irrigation pipe; The underground drip irrigation system (7) is located on one side of the water storage tank (5); A water pump (6) is installed inside the water storage tank (5), and a water pumping pipeline (601) is installed on the water pump (6); the water pumping pipeline (601) transports water to the underground drip irrigation system (7); the water pump (6) is connected to the monitoring device (4) via a wireless signal.

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