A kind of plasma tail gas high temperature treatment device of fire separation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of plasma tail gas high-temperature processing devices of fire and gas distribution, including combustion cavity, plasma torch and gas distribution fire distributor, relative combustion cavity external plasma torch is opposite built-in gas distribution fire distributor;Gas distribution fire distributor includes fire cone and gas distribution ring, the center of fire cone is provided with fire passage, its conical surface is fire surface, and plasma flame sprayed to the top end of fire cone is formed by fire passage and fire surface center plasma flame column and peripheral plasma flame ring by fire;Gas distribution ring is provided with inner layer gas distribution hole and outer layer gas distribution hole in its gas distribution ring cavity, and inner layer helical gas distribution ring cavity is arranged corresponding to inner layer gas distribution hole, and outer layer helical gas distribution ring cavity is arranged corresponding to outer layer gas distribution hole, and tail gas is helically downwardly guided to form inner layer helical tail gas rotation flow in inner layer helical gas distribution ring cavity, and tail gas is helically downwardly guided to form outer layer helical tail gas rotation flow in outer layer helical gas distribution ring cavity.The application realizes the efficient processing of tail gas by the synergistic effect of layered plasma flame and rotational flow tail gas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of plasma tail gas high-temperature treatment, and particularly relates to a plasma tail gas high-temperature treatment device with separated fire and gas. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for industrial waste gas and hazardous waste treatment, plasma high-temperature treatment technology is widely used due to its advantages of efficient degradation of organic matter and no secondary pollution. The traditional plasma tail gas treatment device usually adopts a single plasma torch directly injected into a combustion chamber, and pyrolysis is achieved by simply mixing the tail gas and high-temperature flame. The plasma flame is concentrated in the center of the combustion chamber, and the contact area between the tail gas and the flame is limited, resulting in uneven heat distribution and localized high-temperature area. A large amount of energy is lost through the combustion chamber wall, and the flame shape and tail gas flow rate are difficult to coordinate and adjust, and high flow rate tail gas may disperse the flame, reducing the stability of combustion. SUMMARY

[0003] The application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provides a plasma tail gas high-temperature treatment device with separated fire and gas, which realizes efficient treatment of tail gas through the synergistic effect of layered plasma flame and rotational flow tail gas.

[0004] Technical scheme: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the plasma tail gas high-temperature treatment device with separated fire and gas comprises a combustion chamber, a plasma torch and a gas and fire separator, the plasma torch is externally arranged opposite to the combustion chamber and faces the internally arranged gas and fire separator;

[0005] The gas and fire separator comprises a fire separation cone and a gas separation ring, wherein:

[0006] The center of the fire separation cone is provided with a fire separation channel, and the conical surface thereof is a fire separation surface. The plasma flame sprayed towards the top end of the fire separation cone is separated into a central plasma flame column and a peripheral plasma flame ring through the fire separation channel and the fire separation surface;

[0007] The gas separation ring cavity is provided with inner layer gas separation holes arranged in a circumferential array on the inner side of the inner ring and outer layer gas separation holes at the bottom. The inner layer gas separation holes are provided with an inner layer spiral gas separation ring cavity, and the outer layer gas separation holes are provided with an outer layer spiral gas separation ring cavity. The tail gas is spirally downwardly guided in the inner layer spiral gas separation ring cavity to form an inner layer spiral tail gas rotational flow, and the tail gas is spirally downwardly guided in the outer layer spiral gas separation ring cavity to form an outer layer spiral tail gas rotational flow;

[0008] The inner layer spiral tail gas rotational flow spirally surrounds the central plasma flame column, and the peripheral plasma flame ring surrounds the outer layer spiral tail gas rotational flow to form a multi-layer nested combustion structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner spiral tail gas cyclone and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone have the same spiral direction, which induces rotation and energy transfer between the inner spiral tail gas cyclone and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone. The rotation speeds of the inner spiral tail gas cyclone and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone gradually become consistent through mutual induced rotation and energy transfer.

[0010] Furthermore, the plasma torch, the flame divider cone, and the gas divider ring are coaxially arranged along the vertical central axis of the combustion chamber; the flame nozzle of the plasma torch is directly opposite the flame divider channel, the radial dimension of the flame divider channel is smaller than the radial dimension of the outer edge of the plasma flame, and the flame divider cone with the flame divider channel forms a flame dividing structure end at the top of the flame divider surface; the plasma flame ejected from the plasma torch is divided into two plasma flame branches by the flame dividing structure end at the top of the flame divider cone, the plasma flame of one branch enters the flame divider channel and is ejected to form the central plasma flame column, and the plasma flame of the other branch extends obliquely downward along the flame divider surface, and changes direction downward after impacting the inner wall of the combustion chamber to form the outer plasma flame ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the flame cone is installed at the top of the gas distribution ring, the outer ring of the gas distribution ring has an inner air intake pipe, and the top cover of the combustion chamber is provided with an outer air intake pipe. The inner air intake pipe is connected to the inner side of the top cover and is connected to the outer air intake pipe in a corresponding manner.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity is coaxially connected to the bottom of the fire cone, so that the central cavity of the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity is connected and connected to the fire distribution channel; the bottom of the fire cone is provided with a gas guiding groove surrounding the fire distribution channel, and the bottom of the gas guiding groove has a cross-sectional outline that is arc-shaped from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, forming an arc-shaped gas guiding groove bottom. The inner gas distribution hole is inclined towards the air inlet end of the gas guiding groove, and the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity extends into the gas guiding groove, so that the air inlet end of the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity corresponds to the air outlet end of the gas guiding groove; the exhaust gas sprayed from the inner gas distribution hole into the gas guiding groove enters the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity under the guiding and guiding effect of the arc-shaped gas guiding groove bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity is coaxially connected to the bottom of the air distribution ring, so that the air inlet end of the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity covers the outer air distribution hole at the bottom of the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity; the exhaust gas ejected from the outer air distribution hole enters the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity includes a first annular cavity and a first spiral blade spirally disposed within the first annular cavity; the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity includes a second annular cavity and a second spiral blade spirally disposed within the second annular cavity; the first spiral blade and the second spiral blade have the same spiral direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the outer ring plate of the first annular cavity is higher than the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove, so as to block the tail gas guided by the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove from flowing out of the groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the gas distributor and the top cover of the combustion chamber are detachable and installable, and in the gas distributor, the flame cone, the gas distribution ring, the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity, and the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity are all detachable and assembleable.

[0017] Furthermore, the combustion chamber includes a cylindrical body, which is formed by sequentially and coaxially connecting several cylindrical bodies to increase the axial length of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber, plasma torch, and top cover are installed on the top cylindrical body.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The plasma flame of this invention is divided into a central plasma flame column and an outer plasma flame ring, forming a multi-layered nested combustion structure with the inner and outer spiral tail gas swirls. This significantly increases the contact area and reaction time between the tail gas and the high-temperature plasma flame, achieving efficient heat transfer and mixing. The outer plasma flame ring surrounds the outer spiral tail gas swirl, while the central plasma flame column penetrates the inner spiral tail gas swirl, enabling heat to be transferred step by step from the inside out, reducing energy loss and improving energy utilization. The guided tail gas forms a stable swirl, improving swirl stability and preventing direct tail gas flow that could cause flame disturbance or uneven local temperature. Ultimately, the synergistic effect of the layered flame and swirling tail gas achieves efficient tail gas treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation.

[0020] Figure 2 A half-section structural diagram of a high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section of the gas distributor and igniter. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3As shown, the system includes a combustion chamber 1, a plasma torch 2, and a gas distributor 3. The plasma torch 2, which is external to the combustion chamber 1, is directly opposite the internal gas distributor 3. The gas distributor 3 includes a flame cone 4 and a gas distribution ring 5. The flame cone 4 has a flame distribution channel 40 at its center, and its cone surface is a flame distribution surface 41. The plasma flame sprayed towards the top of the flame cone 4 is distributed through the flame distribution channel 40 and the flame distribution surface 41 to form a central plasma flame column a and an outer plasma flame ring b. The gas distribution ring 5 has an inner layer of gas distributors arranged in a circular array on its inner ring cavity. The inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 is provided corresponding to the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 50 and the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7 is provided corresponding to the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 51. The exhaust gas is spirally guided downward in the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 to form an inner spiral exhaust gas swirl c, and the exhaust gas is spirally guided downward in the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7 to form an outer spiral exhaust gas swirl d. The inner spiral exhaust gas swirl c spirally surrounds the central plasma flame column a, and the outer plasma flame ring b surrounds and surrounds the outer spiral exhaust gas swirl d, forming a multi-layer nested combustion structure. The plasma flame of this invention is divided into a central plasma flame column a and an outer plasma flame ring b, forming a multi-layered nested combustion structure with the inner spiral tail gas swirl c and the outer spiral tail gas swirl d. This significantly increases the contact area and reaction time between the tail gas and the high-temperature plasma flame, achieving efficient heat transfer and mixing. The outer plasma flame ring b surrounds the outer spiral tail gas swirl d, and the central plasma flame column a penetrates the inner spiral tail gas swirl c, enabling heat to be transferred step by step from the inside out, reducing energy loss and improving energy utilization. The guiding tail gas forms a stable swirl, improving swirl stability and preventing direct tail gas flow that could cause flame disturbance or uneven local temperature. Ultimately, the synergistic effect of the layered flame and swirling tail gas achieves efficient tail gas treatment.

[0024] It is worth noting that the inner spiral tail gas swirl c and the outer spiral tail gas swirl d have the same spiral direction, which induces rotation and energy transfer between them. The rotational speeds of the inner and outer spiral tail gas swirls c and d gradually converge through this mutual induced rotation and energy transfer. The co-directional swirls form a velocity gradient at the interface, achieving energy transfer through viscosity. Synchronizing the speeds of the inner and outer swirls reduces frictional losses, synergistically enhances swirl intensity, and improves swirl stability. With consistent swirl speeds, the mixing of tail gas and plasma is more uniform, avoiding localized high or low temperature regions, achieving uniform heat distribution, and improving the thoroughness of tail gas treatment.

[0025] The plasma torch 2, the flame cone 4, and the gas distribution ring 5 are coaxially arranged along the vertical central axis of the combustion chamber 1. The flame nozzle of the plasma torch 2 is directly opposite the flame distribution channel 40. The radial dimension of the flame distribution channel 40 is smaller than the radial dimension of the outer edge of the plasma flame. The flame cone 4 with the flame distribution channel 40 forms a flame dividing structure end 42 at the top of the flame dividing surface 41. The plasma flame ejected from the plasma torch 2 is divided into two plasma flame branches by the flame dividing structure end 42 at the top of the flame cone 4. The plasma flame of one branch enters the flame distribution channel 40 and is ejected to form the central plasma flame column a. The plasma flame of the other branch extends downward at an angle along the flame dividing surface 41 until it hits the inner wall of the combustion chamber 1 and changes direction downward to form the outer plasma flame ring b. Through coaxial design and size limitation of the ignition channel 40, the plasma flame is forcibly divided into two paths, ensuring the stable shape of the central plasma flame column a and the outer plasma flame ring b, achieving precise flame division. The outer flame extends downward at an angle through the ignition surface 41 and then impacts the combustion chamber wall to change direction, forming an annular flame coverage. The flame path is optimized, enhancing the encirclement effect on the exhaust gas swirl.

[0026] The flame cone 4 is installed at the top of the gas distribution ring 5. The outer ring of the gas distribution ring 5 has an inner air intake pipe 52. The top cover 10 of the combustion chamber 1 is provided with an outer air intake pipe 11. The inner air intake pipe 52 is connected to the inner side of the top cover 10 and is connected to the outer air intake pipe 11 in a one-to-one correspondence. The inner and outer air intake pipes are separated, which makes it easy to adjust the inner and outer exhaust gas flow rates separately to adapt to different operating conditions.

[0027] The inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 is coaxially connected to the bottom of the flame distribution cone 4, so that the central cavity of the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 is connected and communicated with the flame distribution channel 40. The bottom of the flame distribution cone 4 is provided with a gas guiding groove 43 surrounding the flame distribution channel 40. The bottom of the gas guiding groove 43 has an arc-shaped structure profile from the air inlet end to the air outlet end in cross section, forming an arc-shaped gas guiding groove bottom 43a. The inner gas distribution hole 50 is inclined towards the air inlet end of the gas guiding groove 43. The inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 extends into the gas guiding groove 43, so that the air inlet end of the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 corresponds to the air outlet end of the gas guiding groove 43. The exhaust gas sprayed from the inner gas distribution hole 50 into the gas guiding groove 43 enters the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 under the guidance and flow of the arc-shaped gas guiding groove bottom 43a. The bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove 43a guides the exhaust gas to smoothly change direction, minimizes flow resistance, reduces turbulence and pressure drop, ensures that the exhaust gas smoothly enters the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6, and ensures that the swirl intensity of the exhaust gas after entering the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity 6 will not be weakened.

[0028] The inner spiral air-distributing annular cavity 6 includes a first annular cavity 61 and a first spiral blade 62 spirally disposed within the first annular cavity 61; the outer spiral air-distributing annular cavity 7 includes a second annular cavity 71 and a second spiral blade 72 spirally disposed within the second annular cavity 71; the first spiral blade 62 and the second spiral blade 72 have the same spiral direction. The spiral blades convert linear airflow into spiral rotational motion, ensuring controllable and stable swirling intensity. In addition, the co-directional spiral blades reduce the shear force between the inner and outer swirling flows, improving energy transfer efficiency.

[0029] The outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7 is coaxially connected to the bottom of the gas distribution ring 5, so that the air inlet end of the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7 covers the outer gas distribution hole 51 at the bottom of the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7; the exhaust gas ejected from the outer gas distribution hole 51 enters the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7. The outer exhaust gas directly enters the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity 7 through the gas distribution hole 51, that is, it enters the second annular cavity 71. The second spiral blade 72 forces the gas to rotate, directly guides and enhances the swirling effect, forming a high-intensity outer spiral exhaust gas swirling flow d.

[0030] The top of the outer annular plate of the first annular cavity 61 is higher than the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove 43a, thus preventing the exhaust gas guided by the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove 43a from flowing out of the groove. The height of the outer annular plate of the first annular cavity 61 is higher than the bottom of the gas guide groove 43a, forming a physical barrier to prevent the exhaust gas from overflowing from the end of the gas guide groove 43a, ensuring that all the exhaust gas enters the inner spiral gas distribution annular cavity 6.

[0031] The gas distributor 3 and the top cover 10 of the combustion chamber 1 can be detachably installed. In the gas distributor 3, the flame cone 4, the gas ring 5, the inner spiral gas ring cavity 6 and the outer spiral gas ring cavity 7 can all be detachably assembled. The modular design allows for quick replacement of vulnerable parts such as the flame cone 4 and the gas ring 5, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

[0032] The present invention includes a cylindrical body 9, and the combustion chamber 1 is formed by sequentially and coaxially connecting several cylindrical bodies 9 to increase the axial length of the combustion chamber 1. The combustion chamber 1, the plasma torch 2, and the top cover 10 are installed on the top cylindrical body 9. The length of the combustion chamber 1 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of cylindrical bodies 9 to meet the needs of different treatment scales (such as exhaust gas flow rate and pollutant concentration).

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation, comprising a combustion chamber (1), a plasma torch (2) and a gas and fire separator (3), wherein the plasma torch (2) external to the combustion chamber (1) is directly opposite the internal gas and fire separator (3). Its features are: The gas distributor (3) includes a gas distributor cone (4) and a gas distributor ring (5), wherein: The center of the fire-spreading cone (4) is provided with a fire-spreading channel (40), and its cone surface is a fire-spreading surface (41). The plasma flame sprayed toward the top of the fire-spreading cone (4) is split through the fire-spreading channel (40) and the fire-spreading surface (41) to form a central plasma fire column (a) and an outer plasma fire ring (b). The gas distribution ring (5) is connected to its gas distribution ring cavity and is provided with an inner layer gas distribution hole (50) and an outer layer gas distribution hole (51) distributed in a circular array on its inner ring side. An inner layer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) is provided corresponding to the inner layer gas distribution hole (50), and an outer layer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (7) is provided corresponding to the outer layer gas distribution hole (51). The exhaust gas is spirally guided downward in the inner layer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) to form an inner layer spiral exhaust gas swirl (c), and the exhaust gas is spirally guided downward in the outer layer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (7) to form an outer layer spiral exhaust gas swirl (d). The inner spiral tail gas swirl (c) spirals around the central plasma fire column (a), and the outer plasma fire ring (b) surrounds the outer spiral tail gas swirl (d), forming a multi-layered nested combustion structure. The inner spiral tail gas cyclone (c) and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone (d) have the same spiral direction, which causes induced rotation and energy transfer between the inner spiral tail gas cyclone (c) and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone (d). The rotation speeds of the inner spiral tail gas cyclone (c) and the outer spiral tail gas cyclone (d) gradually tend to be consistent through mutual induced rotation and energy transfer.

2. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma torch (2), the flame cone (4), and the gas ring (5) are coaxially arranged along the vertical central axis of the combustion chamber (1); the flame nozzle of the plasma torch (2) is directly opposite the flame distribution channel (40), the radial dimension of the flame distribution channel (40) is smaller than the radial dimension of the outer edge of the plasma flame, and the flame cone (4) with the flame distribution channel (40) forms a flame dividing structure end (42) at the top of the flame dividing surface (41); the plasma flame ejected from the plasma torch (2) is divided into two plasma flame branches by the flame dividing structure end (42) at the top of the flame dividing cone (4), the plasma flame of one branch enters the flame distribution channel (40) and is ejected to form the central plasma flame column (a), and the plasma flame of the other branch extends downward along the flame dividing surface (41) at an angle, and is redirected downward to form the outer plasma flame ring (b) after hitting the inner wall of the combustion chamber (1).

3. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fire cone (4) is installed at the top of the gas distribution ring (5). The outer ring of the gas distribution ring (5) has an inner air intake pipe (52). The top cover (10) of the combustion chamber (1) is provided with an outer air intake pipe (11). The inner air intake pipe (52) is connected to the inner side of the top cover (10) and is connected to the outer air intake pipe (11) in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) is coaxially connected to the bottom of the ignition cone (4), so that the central cavity of the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) is connected and communicated with the ignition channel (40); the bottom of the ignition cone (4) is provided with a gas guide groove (43) surrounding the ignition channel (40), and the bottom of the gas guide groove (43) has a cross-sectional outline that is arc-shaped from the gas inlet end to the gas outlet end, forming an arc-shaped gas guide groove bottom (43a). The inner layer air distribution hole (50) is inclined toward the air inlet end of the air guide groove (43), and the inner layer spiral air distribution ring cavity (6) extends into the air guide groove (43), so that the air inlet end of the inner layer spiral air distribution ring cavity (6) corresponds to the air outlet end of the air guide groove (43); the exhaust gas sprayed from the inner layer air distribution hole (50) to the air guide groove (43) enters the inner layer spiral air distribution ring cavity (6) under the guidance and flow action of the bottom (43a) of the arc-shaped air guide groove.

5. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer spiral air distribution ring cavity (7) is coaxially connected to the bottom of the air distribution ring (5), so that the air inlet end of the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity (7) covers the outer air distribution hole (51) at the bottom of the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity (7); the exhaust gas ejected from the outer air distribution hole (51) enters the outer spiral air distribution ring cavity (7).

6. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) includes a first annular cavity (61) and a first spiral blade (62) spirally disposed within the first annular cavity (61); the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (7) includes a second annular cavity (71) and a second spiral blade (72) spirally disposed within the second annular cavity (71); the spiral directions of the first spiral blade (62) and the second spiral blade (72) are the same.

7. The high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the top of the outer ring plate of the first annular cavity (61) is higher than the height of the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove (43a) to form a blocking effect to prevent the tail gas guided by the bottom of the arc-shaped gas guide groove (43a) from flowing out of the groove.

8. A high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The gas distributor (3) and the top cover (10) of the combustion chamber (1) are detachable and installable. In the gas distributor (3), the fire cone (4), the gas distribution ring (5), the inner spiral gas distribution ring cavity (6) and the outer spiral gas distribution ring cavity (7) are all detachable and installable.

9. A high-temperature treatment device for plasma tail gas with fire and gas separation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is composed of several cylinders (9) connected coaxially in sequence to increase the axial length of the combustion chamber (1). The combustion chamber (1), plasma torch (2) and top cover (10) are installed on the top cylinder (9).

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