Device for automatically and comprehensively flushing and discharging silt in water storage reservoir area in long-acting manner by hydraulic power

Abstract

A device for automatically and comprehensively flushing and discharging sediment in a water storage reservoir area in a long-acting mode through hydraulic power is characterized in that a stone retention area, an overflow dam transversely penetrating through a river channel and a first-stage temporary silt area are sequentially built on a sediment deposition body in the river channel near a water inlet of the reservoir area, and second flow guide embankments which are distributed in a staggered mode are arranged on river banks on the two sides of the first-stage temporary silt area; a first water distribution gate is built at the rear end of the first-stage temporary silt area, and a first compound sand discharge gate is built on one side of the first water distribution gate; a first flushing gate of which the rear side is communicated with the desilting tunnel / channel is built in the reservoir area on the rear side of the first diversion gate; the desilting tunnel / channel is built on one side of the reservoir area or in a mountain on one side of the reservoir area, the front end of the desilting tunnel / channel is connected with the first compound desilting gate, and an outlet in the rear end of the desilting tunnel / channel is communicated with the first desilting gate and the second desilting gate. The device has the advantages of being easy to build, operate and maintain, low in silt discharging cost, high in efficiency and the like, silt in a water storage reservoir area can be automatically and comprehensively flushed and discharged in a long-acting mode only through limited hydraulic power, and the silt discharging device can benefit the future in a long-acting mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and specifically refers to a device for realizing automatic, long-term, all-round, low-cost, rapid and efficient flushing and discharge of silt deposited in a reservoir area by hydraulic power. Background Art

[0002] The future in which humans can continue to utilize limited water resources is far from hundreds, thousands or tens of thousands of years, and the favorable areas for building reservoirs are extremely limited. Therefore, the problem of siltation in existing reservoirs is an issue that must be taken seriously and cannot be ignored, both in the present and in the future! People have been vigorously building reservoirs for only about one or two hundred years. During this period, the existing reservoirs that have been built with a certain water storage scale and used for flood storage, disaster prevention, power generation, agricultural irrigation or storing domestic water have all had problems of continuous silt accumulation and shrinking effective storage capacity to varying degrees. In particular, some small and medium-sized reservoirs with small storage capacity and located in rivers with large amounts of sediment have a rapid siltation. In the absence of corresponding effective silt discharge technical measures and equipment and the continued rigid use of the muddy water storage and clear water discharge method, they basically have a problem of rapid decline in effective storage capacity and premature scrapping due to rapid silt accumulation.

[0003] Although many existing silt removal methods such as density flow silt removal, flood silt removal, emptying silt removal, mechanical digging and pumping, etc. have certain effectiveness, these existing and time-effective silt removal methods also have many problems such as difficulty in silt removal, poor effect, high cost, repeated investment without an end date, and easy to cause secondary disasters, and it is difficult to achieve a one-time investment and long-term benefit silt removal technology effect. For example, emptying silt removal by flooding will cause excessive waste of limited water resources, and it is easy to cause siltation in the downstream river channel and cause secondary disasters. Third, when implementing flooding operations in the reservoir area where silt exists in a distributed manner, if there is no corresponding practical and effective silt removal device or measures, the effect can only be to flush out a few gullies and a small amount of silt. Another example is the use of machinery to dig and drain the sand. This measure not only requires high repetitive investment, but also has the problem of great difficulty and difficulty in finding a place to store the large amount of silt that is continuously excavated and transported. Even if the old reservoir that has lost its silt properties is abandoned and a new reservoir is built in another location, it is not easy. This measure not only has many problems such as difficulty in finding a reservoir site, relocating immigrants, wasting land resources and requiring huge investments, but also has the problem of only treating the symptoms and not the root cause, and repeating the mistake of scrapping the previous reservoir.

[0004] Some of the existing reservoirs have had silt-discharging gates installed at the beginning of their construction. Due to design defects and blockage of gravel and silt, they have either been abandoned due to failure to close or open, or have been completely scrapped due to being deeply buried by silt. This has directly led to the premature scrapping of the reservoirs due to the inability to discharge silt. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a set of technical devices that are easy to build, easy to operate, easy to maintain, highly practical, and do not pose any safety risks to the reservoir area, and can hydraulically realize automatic, long-term, all-round, efficient, and low-cost flushing and drainage of silt in the reservoir area. Through the implementation of the scheme of the present invention, not only can the global problem of difficult drainage of silt silt reservoirs be solved, but also any reservoir area that implements this technical scheme can achieve a long-term silt drainage technical effect that will last for thousands of years.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A device for automatically flushing and discharging silt in a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power, comprising a reservoir area, a rock retention area is built on a silt accumulation body in a river channel near a water inlet of the reservoir area; a rolling dam is built in the river channel behind the rock retention area and crosses the river channel; a first-level temporary mud and siltation area is built in the river channel behind the rolling dam, and one or more second diversion dikes with staggered distribution are provided on the river banks on both sides of the first-level temporary mud and siltation area; a plurality of first water diversion gates are built at the rear end of the first-level temporary mud and siltation area, and a first compound sand discharge gate is built on one side of the plurality of first water diversion gates; a first flushing gate is built in the reservoir area behind the first water diversion gate, and its rear side is connected to a sand discharge tunnel / channel; the sand discharge tunnel / channel is built on one side of the reservoir area, or in a mountain on one side thereof, and its front end is connected to the first compound sand discharge gate, and its rear end outlet is connected to the first sand discharge gate and the second sand discharge gate respectively.

[0008] In the reservoir area behind the first diversion gates, a secondary temporary mud and siltation area is provided; on the silted sand body in the secondary temporary mud and siltation area, one or more longitudinal dams are built, the front end of which is connected to the first diversion gate; on one or both sides of the dam, one or more staggered first diversion dikes are built, one end of which is connected to the dam; in addition, at the rear end of the secondary temporary mud and siltation area, a transverse dam is built; on the dam body of the transverse dam, one or more overflow diversion gates are provided; in addition, at one end of the transverse dam, a second compound sand discharge gate with the rear end connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel is built; in the reservoir area behind the overflow diversion gate, a second flushing gate with the rear end connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel is built.

[0009] On the silted sand body at the middle and rear ends of the reservoir, one or more longitudinal dams are built with the front ends connected to the transverse dams; at the same time, a number of third diversion dikes with staggered distribution are provided on one or both sides of the longitudinal dams; a third compound sand discharge gate and a sand discharge tunnel are built on one side of the reservoir dam, and the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel and the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel / channel built on the rear side of the third compound sand discharge gate are connected to the river channel behind the reservoir through the first sand discharge gate, or are connected to the sand discharge channel through the second sand discharge gate.

[0010] The first compound sand discharge gate, the second compound sand discharge gate and the third compound sand discharge gate are all composed of a main gate and an auxiliary gate. The main gate is composed of a working platform, a lifting bracket and a plurality of strip-shaped wedge-shaped gate plates. The water inlet of the main gate can be single-port or multi-port. An anti-impact energy dissipation pool is built on the rear side of the bottom of the multi-stage compound sand discharge gate.

[0011] On the slope surface on one side or both sides of the first diversion dike, the second diversion dike and the third diversion dike, a dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device consisting of an anti-scouring module and / or an anti-scouring column row is arranged or pressed, and the anti-scouring column row is provided with a column row reinforcement.

[0012] On the slope surface on one or both sides of the retaining dam, the transverse retaining dam and the longitudinal retaining dam, a dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device composed of an anti-scouring module or an anti-scouring column row can be arranged or pressed, and the column row type dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device is provided with a column row reinforcement.

[0013] At the rear end of the second sand discharge gate, a formatted mud and siltation area is built. In the grid of the formatted mud and siltation area, sand discharge channels are built whose front ends are connected with the second sand discharge gates. Several second diversion gates and third diversion gates are provided on the sand discharge channels, which are respectively connected with the formatted mud and siltation areas. Drainage gates are provided on the dam body of the silt area. The temporary drainage channel built on the rear side of the front drainage gate and the outlet of the rear drainage gate are respectively connected with the river channel behind the reservoir through the fourth diversion gate, or connected with the agricultural irrigation channel through the fifth diversion gate. In the waters at the middle and rear ends of the reservoir, sand conveying pipes are set up to automatically pump out underwater sediment in the reservoir by siphoning the available water level difference before and after the reservoir dam. The front end of the sand conveying pipe is set up on the working boat, and the front and rear ends of the sand conveying pipe are provided with control valves. The sand conveying pipe in the reservoir is provided with a number of buoyancy tanks; the sand conveying pipe in front of the control valve is provided with a water injection valve, a water injection pump and an exhaust valve; the working boat is provided with a telescopic traction bracket and a lifting cable; a sand stirring knife disc and a turbine that provides sand stirring power for the sand stirring knife disc are provided at the inlet of the sand conveying pipe.

[0014] The sand conveying pipe is arranged in the bottom of the underwater reservoir, and discharges sand in a direct discharge manner. The outlet end of the sand conveying pipe passes through the pipe valve operating room under the pedestrian passage and passes through the bottom of the dam body of the reservoir area. The pipe valve in the pipe valve operating room controls the operation of the sand conveying pipe.

[0015] A first winch is provided on both sides of the front end of the work boat, one end of the guide cable is connected to the telescopic traction bracket, and the other end is connected to the first winch; a second winch that can tow the hull forward is provided on both sides of the middle and rear end of the work boat, one end of the traction cable is connected to the anchor placed in the muddy area, and the other end is connected to the second winch. Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. After constructing a rock retention area in front of the water inlet of the reservoir, large pieces of gravel that are difficult to discharge into the reservoir can be effectively disposed of before entering the reservoir.

[0016] 2. After building a rolling dam across the river behind the rock retention area, it can effectively prevent excessive intrusion of sediment from the upstream river channel. The reservoir area will increase the amount of silt discharged from the reservoir area.

[0017] 3. A temporary sediment storage area is set up behind the rock retention area to allow the bed load sediment that is difficult to discharge to be silted and discharged before entering the reservoir.

[0018] 4. After the construction of the secondary temporary sediment storage area, the suspended sediment entering the reservoir area can be deposited and discharged in the area.

[0019] 5. After constructing several diversion gates and dams on the silt deposits in the reservoir area and dividing the distributed silt deposits in the reservoir area into strips and blocks, the water power can be concentrated to carry out all-round and efficient flushing of the silt in the strips and blocks one by one or separately.

[0020] 6. After constructing a sediment discharge tunnel / channel on one side of the reservoir, with its front end connected to the sediment discharge gates and its rear end outlet connected to the river channel or sediment discharge channel behind the reservoir, the sediment accumulated at the front end of the reservoir can be effectively flushed and discharged at any time through the tunnel when the reservoir is in normal high water level operation or when a certain amount of water is stored or retained in the middle and rear ends of the reservoir.

[0021] 7. When there is too much silt accumulation in the middle and rear ends of the reservoir and it affects the generator set, you can choose a period when the water level in the reservoir is low and open the sand discharge gate at the end of the reservoir to discharge the sand, or choose a period when the water level in the reservoir is high and use the siphon method to discharge the sand.

[0022] 8. The sediment discharged through the sediment discharge tunnel can be discharged into the river behind the reservoir and washed away by the water flow discharged from the power station in the reservoir area or by floods during the flood season. It can also be flushed into the sediment storage area through the sediment discharge channel to implement permanent harmless storage.

[0023] 9. If there is an area within a certain distance behind the reservoir where silt can be permanently stored, the area can be set as a formatted permanent silt storage area. If necessary in the future, the area can also be reclaimed as a new agricultural or forestry planting area. In areas where water resources are relatively scarce, the limited water resources used for sand flushing can also be recycled and reused.

[0024] 10. After the sand discharge gate is set as a compound sand discharge gate, the problem that the conventional sand discharge gate is easily buried by sand or blocked by gravel and becomes scrapped can be solved.

[0025] 11. In areas where water resources are scarce and there are no small or medium-sized reservoirs around which silt can be piled, the silt accumulated in the front and middle parts of the reservoir can be pumped out through pipes by siphoning or direct discharge from the bottom of the reservoir when the water level is high or when water is used for agricultural irrigation. The silt can be transferred into irrigation channels to change the soil quality of the cultivated land or used as fertilizer to fertilize the land, thereby achieving the beneficial technical effect of both draining the silt from the reservoir and fertilizing the fields.

[0026] 12. If the silt removal device of the present invention is installed in a newly built reservoir area at the same time when the reservoir is built and the policy of immediate silt removal is adhered to, the effective storage capacity of the reservoir area can be maintained for a long time while the effective use period of the reservoir can be extended indefinitely.

[0027] In conclusion, the present invention provides a set of silt removal technologies that are easier to build, easier to operate, easier to maintain, have lower silt removal costs, and higher efficiency than existing silt removal technologies that only have a temporary effect, such as emptying and flushing and mechanical repeated digging and drainage. It uses only limited hydraulic power to achieve automatic, long-term, and all-round flushing and drainage of silt in the reservoir area, and can benefit the future in the long term, thereby achieving the beneficial technical effect of indefinitely extending the service life of the reservoir area. In addition, in order to restore the water storage function that should be possessed and achieve indefinite extension of the effective service life of the reservoir area, which has been built but only used for a few decades, and has no corresponding effective silt removal technical measures or devices and has rigidly and continuously used the conventional water storage method of storing muddy water and discharging clear water, resulting in continuous silt accumulation and a significant decrease in effective storage capacity, and is about to be scrapped, the effective storage capacity can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the reservoir area desilting device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the silt removal device in the newly built reservoir area of ​​the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the main gate of the single-stage compound sand discharge gate of the present invention when the sand is discharged in a half-open state; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the multi-stage compound sand discharge gate of the present invention when discharging sand; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the formatted sediment storage area of ​​the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a modular device for preventing the water retaining dam from sliding and scouring according to the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a column-row device for preventing the water retaining dam from slipping and scouring according to the present invention; Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of a device for automatically pumping out sediment by a siphon method in which a working vessel tows a pipeline according to the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the automatic sand stirring device at the water inlet of the sand transport pipeline of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the working vessel of the present invention pulling a pipeline to directly discharge sand from the bottom of the reservoir; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the travel of the working boat of the present invention towing the sand transport pipeline to pump out the sand in a fan-shaped surface; Fig.12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-impact energy dissipation pool of the present invention. In the figure, 1. river channel, 2. rolling dam, 3. first temporary mud siltation area, 4. first diversion gate, 5. first diversion dike, 6. longitudinal water retaining dam, 7. second temporary mud siltation area, 8. transverse water retaining dam, 9. rock retention area, 10. second diversion dike, 11. first compound sand discharge gate, 12. first flushing gate, 13. sand discharge tunnel / channel, 14. second compound sand discharge gate, 15. overflow diversion gate, 16. second flushing gate, 17. longitudinal water retaining dam, 18. third diversion dike, 19. reservoir area, 20. The third compound sand discharge gate, 21. Reservoir dam, 22. Sand discharge tunnel, 23. Reservoir rear river channel, 24. The first sand discharge gate, 25. The second sand discharge gate, 26. Sand discharge channel, 27. Formatted mud and silt area, 28. Main gate, 29. Platform, 30. Lifting bracket, 31. Wedge gate, 32. Auxiliary gate, 33. The second water diversion gate, 34. The third water diversion gate, 35. The dam body of the mud and silt area, 36. Drainage gate, 37. Temporary drainage channel, 38. The fourth water diversion gate, 39. The fifth water diversion gate, 40. Agricultural irrigation channel, 41. Anti-impact energy dissipation pool, 42. Anti-scouring module, 43. Anti-scouring column row, 44. Column row reinforcement, 45. Lifting cable, 46. Telescopic traction bracket, 47. Working boat, 48. Control valve, 49. Buoyancy box, 50. Sand transport pipe, 51. Water injection pump, 52. Water injection valve, 53. Exhaust valve, 55. Sand stirring knife disc, 56. Turbine, 57. Pipe and valve operating room, 58. Walkway, 59. Anchor, 60. Guide cable, 61. First winch, 62. Towing cable, 63. Second winch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The scheme of the present invention and its beneficial effects are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1As shown, a device for automatically flushing and discharging silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power comprises a reservoir area 19, on the silt accumulation body in the river channel 1 near the water inlet of the reservoir area 19, a stone retention area 9 is built, the bottom of which is convex and concave, and on the convex and concave bottom, there are staggeredly distributed "pier" or "column" type devices with a certain height; in the river channel behind the stone retention area 9, a rolling dam 2 is built, the top of which is parallel to or slightly lower than the silted sand body, or slightly higher than the original riverbed and crosses the river channel; in the river channel behind the rolling dam 2, a first-level temporary mud siltation area 3 mainly composed of silted bedload silt is built, and on the river banks on both sides of the first-level temporary mud siltation area 3, there are staggeredly distributed or multiple second diversion dikes 10; at the rear end of the first-level temporary mud and siltation area 3, there are built a plurality of first diversion gates 4 whose bottom bank is parallel to or lower than the silted sand body, or slightly higher than the original riverbed; on one side of the plurality of first diversion gates 4, there is built a first compound sand discharge gate 11 whose bottom bank is lower than the bottom bank of the first diversion gate 4; in the reservoir area behind the first diversion gate 4, there is built a first flushing gate 12 whose rear side is connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13; the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 is built on one side of the reservoir area 19, or in the mountain on one side thereof, with its front end connected to the first compound sand discharge gate 11, and its rear end outlet is connected to the first sand discharge gate 24 and the second sand discharge gate 25 respectively.

[0031] The rock retention area 9 is constructed in the river channel 1 in front of the water inlet of the reservoir area, so that the large gravels that enter the reservoir area with the water and are inconvenient to be flushed out can be temporarily retained and effectively disposed of in the area.

[0032] A rolling dam 2 is built at the rear side of the rock retention area 9, with its top parallel to the silted sand body of the river channel, or slightly higher than the original riverbed, and across the river channel 1, so as to prevent the silt sand body in the reservoir area from dropping due to silt discharge, causing excessive silt from the upstream river channel to enter the reservoir area and increase unnecessary silt discharge in the reservoir area.

[0033] A first-level temporary mud siltation area 3 is constructed at the rear side of the rolling dam 2 so that when the reservoir is full and muddy water with sand continues to flow into the reservoir from the upstream river channel, and the reservoir area needs to discharge excess water from the tail of the reservoir and there is no other way to discharge sand, the incoming sand, especially the bedload sand, can be temporarily stored in the first-level temporary mud siltation area 3.

[0034] In addition, a plurality of second diversion dikes 10 with staggered distribution are respectively arranged on both sides of the first-level temporary mud siltation area 3. When discharging sand, the diversion effect of the diversion dike can be utilized to implement all-round flushing and discharging of the silt that has been silted up in the area and will be silted up again in the future.

[0035] At the rear end of the first-level temporary mud and siltation area 3, one or more first water diversion gates 4 are built with their bottom banks parallel to or slightly lower than the silted sand body, or slightly higher than the original riverbed, so as to utilize the control function of one or more first water diversion gates 4 so that the gates can not only block and control the incoming water in front of the gates and divert the water, but also concentrate the water to flush and discharge the silt behind the gates.

[0036] On one side of one or more first diversion gates 4, a first compound desilting gate 11 is built, the top of the desilting water inlet hole of which is slightly lower than the bottom sill of the first diversion gate 4, or parallel to or slightly higher than the pre-silted sand body, and the rear side of which is connected to the desilting tunnel / channel 13; and a desilting tunnel / channel 13 is built in the mountain behind the first compound desilting gate 11, the outlet of which is connected to the first desilting gate 24 and the second desilting gate 25.

[0037] When the sediment in the front side of the first water diversion gate 4 and the first compound sand discharge gate 11 or in the first-level temporary mud siltation area 3 accumulates to a certain amount or a set amount, the first compound sand discharge gate 11 can be opened in time and the sediment in front of the gate can be discharged by hydraulic power through the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 according to the water inflow of the upstream river channel and the regulation function of the first water diversion gate 4. When the water inflow is greater than the water delivery capacity of the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13, a synchronous operation mode can be adopted in which the first water diversion gate 4 discharges clean water and the first compound sand discharge gate 11 discharges sand at the same time.

[0038] In the reservoir area behind the first water diversion gate 4, a first flushing gate 12 is built, the rear end of which is connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13. When the first compound sand discharge gate 11 is closed after sand discharge, the first flushing gate 12 must be opened at the same time to implement delayed flushing of the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 with clean water to prevent the sand from being retained in the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 and causing tunnel blockage.

[0039] Embodiment 2, as Figure 1 As shown, based on Example 1, a secondary temporary mud siltation area 7 is provided in the reservoir area behind the first water diversion gate 4; on the silted sand body in the secondary temporary mud siltation area 7, one or more longitudinal water retaining dams 6 are built, the front end of which is connected to the side of the first water diversion gate 4, the height is about 2 to 3 meters, and can be hidden under water when the water level in the reservoir is high; on one side or both sides of the water retaining dam 6, one or more staggered first diversion dikes 5 are built with one end connected to the water retaining dam 6; in addition, at the rear end of the secondary temporary mud siltation area 7, a There is a transverse retaining dam 8, which is 3 to 5 meters higher than the silted sand body and can be hidden under water when the water level in the reservoir area is high; on the dam body of the transverse retaining dam 8, there are one or more overflow diversion gates 15 with a bottom sill parallel to the silted sand body; at one end of the transverse retaining dam 8, there is a second compound sand discharge gate 14 with a bottom sill lower than the bottom sill of the overflow diversion gate 15 and a rear end connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13; in the reservoir area behind the overflow diversion gate 15, there is a second flushing gate 16 connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 at the rear end.

[0040] When a certain amount of water still exists or needs to be maintained in the middle and rear ends of the reservoir 19, or the reservoir is operating at a normal high water level and cannot be flushed and silted by draining or emptying the reservoir, a secondary temporary mud and siltation area 7 can be set up in the reservoir between one or more first diversion gates 4 and retaining dams 8 when the water level in the reservoir is relatively low, and one or more longitudinal retaining dams 6 are built in the secondary temporary mud and siltation area 7, the front end of which is connected to the side of the first diversion gate 4, the height of which is about 2 to 3 meters higher than the silted sand body, and which can be hidden under water when the water level in the reservoir is relatively high, and the silted sand areas distributed in the reservoir are divided into strips and blocks by the one or more retaining dams 6, so as to concentrate water power in time to flush and discharge the silt in each strip and block in all directions in sequence or separately.

[0041] A plurality of diversion dikes 5 are arranged on one side or both sides of the water retaining dam 6 in a staggered manner, and the diversion dikes are used to redirect the overflowing water flow into a more impactful beam-like water flow, so as to implement all-round and efficient flushing of the silt in the muddy area.

[0042] At the rear end of the secondary temporary siltation area 7, or at the dead water level at the water inlet end of the reservoir, a transverse retaining dam 8 is built which is about 3 to 5 meters higher than the silted sand body, and one or more overflow diversion gates 15 are built on the dam body of the transverse retaining dam 8, whose bottom sills are parallel to or slightly lower than the silted sand body. At the same time, a second compound sand discharge gate 14 is built on one side of the transverse retaining dam 8, whose bottom sill of the sand discharge water inlet is as lower as possible than the bottom sill of the overflow diversion gate 15, and whose rear end is connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13.

[0043] When there is sandy water entering the reservoir from the upstream river, the overflow diversion gates 15 can be closed or partially closed according to the amount of water and the capacity of the secondary temporary mud and siltation area 7, and the height of the transverse water retaining dam 8 can be used to control the water flow, so that the silt in the water can be precipitated in the secondary temporary mud and siltation area 7 in front of the transverse water retaining dam 8; when the silt in front of the transverse water retaining dam 8 or the second compound sand discharge gate 14 accumulates to a certain amount or a set amount, the second compound sand discharge gate 14 can be opened in time or during the agricultural irrigation period to flush out the sand. When the water level in the reservoir area is low and the second compound sand discharge gate 14 is opened to flush the sand, the overflow diversion gate 15 can be opened first to discharge the clean water without sand in front of the gate into the reservoir area 19 behind the gate. When the amount of water is large, a synchronous operation mode of discharging sand and overflowing can be implemented.

[0044] In the reservoir area 19 behind the overflow diversion gate 15, a flushing gate 16 is built whose rear end is connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13. When the sand discharge operation is completed and the second compound sand discharge gate 14 is closed, the flushing gate 16 must be opened at the same time to perform delayed flushing of the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 behind it with clean water to prevent the sand from being retained in the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 and causing siltation.

[0045] Embodiment 3, as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, based on Example 2, one or more longitudinal water retaining dams 17 with the front end connected to the transverse water retaining dam 8 are built on the silted sand body at the middle and rear ends of the reservoir area 19; at the same time, a plurality of third diversion dikes 18 with staggered distribution are respectively provided on one side or both sides of the longitudinal water retaining dam 17; a third compound sand discharge gate 20 and a sand discharge tunnel 22 are built on one side of the reservoir dam 21, and the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel 22 built on the rear side of the third compound sand discharge gate 20 and the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 are connected to the river channel 23 behind the reservoir through the first sand discharge gate 24, or connected to the sand discharge channel 26 through the second sand discharge gate 25.

[0046] When it is intended to implement all-round flushing of the silt deposited in the middle and rear ends of the reservoir area 19, one or more longitudinal dams 17 can be built on the silt body that has been deposited in the reservoir area during the empty reservoir period. The height of the dams 17 is about 2 to 3 meters higher than the silt body, and the front ends of the dams are connected to the transverse dam 8. The dams 17 can be hidden under water when the water level in the reservoir area is high. A number of staggered third diversion dikes 18 are respectively arranged on one side or both sides of the longitudinal dam 17 to implement all-round and efficient flushing of the silt deposited in the area.

[0047] On one side of the reservoir dam 21, a third compound sand discharge gate 20 is provided, the rear end of which is connected to the sand discharge tunnel 22, so that the silt deposited in front of the gate can be discharged smoothly through the gate.

[0048] In a newly built reservoir area, if the automatic, long-term, all-round and efficient device for flushing and discharging sediment from the reservoir area of ​​the present invention is simultaneously constructed and the strategy of discharging sediment as it occurs is continuously implemented for the incoming sediment, the reservoir area can maintain its effective reservoir capacity for a long time from beginning to end without any sediment siltation problem.

[0049] Embodiment 4, as Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Fig.12 As shown, the first compound sand discharge gate 11, the second compound sand discharge gate 14 and the third compound sand discharge gate 20 are all composed of a main gate 28 and an auxiliary gate 32. The main gate 28 is composed of a working platform 29, a lifting bracket 30 and a plurality of strip-shaped wedge-shaped gate plates 31. The water inlet of the main gate 28 can be a single-port type or a multi-port type. According to the specific reservoir conditions, the gate can be set to a single-stage type suitable for sand discharge in small and medium-sized reservoirs, or it can be set to a multi-stage type suitable for sand discharge in large and medium-sized reservoirs.

[0050] The main gate 28 of the single-stage and cascade multi-stage compound desilting gate, which can be hidden underwater when the water level in the reservoir is high, is built on the front side of the auxiliary gate 32. A working platform 29 parallel to or slightly higher than the height of the silted or pre-silted sand body is also built on the upper part of the main gate 28. A lifting bracket 30 for lifting the wedge-shaped gate plate 31 is built on the platform 29. The gates of each grade of the cascade multi-stage main gate are similar to the single-stage gate. An anti-impact energy dissipation pool 41 is built on the rear side of the cascade multi-stage main gate to prevent the tunnel bottom from being impacted.

[0051] When the sand discharge operation is to be carried out, after assembling a temporary lifting device on the lifting bracket 30, the main gate 28 is opened first and then the auxiliary gate 32 is opened to start the sand discharge. When the sand discharge operation is finished, the main gate 28 must be closed first and then the auxiliary gate 32.

[0052] Embodiment 5, as Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, based on Examples 1 and 2, a formatted mud and siltation area 27 is built at the rear end of the second sand discharge gate 25, and in the grid of the formatted mud and siltation area 27, a sand discharge channel 26 whose front end is connected to the second sand discharge gate 25 is respectively built, and a plurality of second diversion gates 33 and a third diversion gate 34 respectively connected to the formatted mud and siltation area 27 are provided on the sand discharge channel 26; drainage gates 36 are respectively provided on the dam body 35 of the silt area, and the temporary drainage channel 37 built on the rear side of the front drainage gate 36 and the outlet of the rear drainage gate are respectively connected to the river channel 23 behind the reservoir through the fourth diversion gate 38, or connected to the agricultural irrigation channel 40 through the fifth diversion gate 39.

[0053] The first sand discharge gate 24 and the second sand discharge gate 25 are arranged at the rear side of the water outlet of the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 and the sand discharge tunnel 22. When sand is discharged from the sand discharge tunnel / channel 13 or the sand discharge tunnel 22, the sand can be discharged into the river channel 23 behind the reservoir through the first sand discharge gate 24 and washed away by the water flow discharged from the reservoir power station or the water flow during flood discharge and sand discharge. The sand can also be discharged into the formatted mud silt area 27 through the second sand discharge gate 25, the sand discharge channel 26 and the third diversion gate 34.

[0054] If there is a region where a silt storage area can be constructed at a suitable distance and area behind the reservoir area 19 and on one or both sides of the river channel 23 behind the reservoir, the region can be used to construct a formatted permanent formatted silt storage area 27, and the silt can be discharged into the formatted silt storage area 27 in sequence or separately through the second water diversion gate 33 or the third water diversion gate 34 by means of the sand discharge channel 26 built on one side of the silt storage area, so as to implement permanent harmless silt storage of the sand. After the silt storage area of ​​the previous grid is filled with silt and the next silt storage area is activated, the previous silt storage area that has lost its siltation property can also be reclaimed into a new agricultural and forestry planting area. It is also possible to dig and transport the fertile soil in the next silt storage area that is beneficial to planting to the previous block to be reclaimed before the next silt storage area is activated, thereby achieving the beneficial technical effect of reclaiming new arable land and solving the problem of continuous, permanent and harmless silt storage of silt in a long term.

[0055] When discharging silt in the formatted mud and silt area 27, after the silt flushed into the formatted mud and silt area 27 is basically settled, the clean water in the area can be discharged into the nearby river channel 23 behind the reservoir through the drainage gate 36 built on the dam body 35 of the mud and silt area, the temporary drainage channel 37 connected to the gate, and the fourth diversion gate 38, or discharged into the agricultural irrigation channel 40 through the fifth diversion gate 39, and the measures are taken to achieve the purpose of flushing the silt in the reservoir area with limited water resources and making full use of limited water resources. In order to increase the amount of silt in the formatted mud and silt area 27, the height of the bottom of the sand discharge channel 26 can be increased as much as possible without affecting the normal sand flushing effect.

[0056] Embodiment 6, as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in order to prevent the water retaining dam and diversion dike built on loose, scattered and soft silt deposits from slipping and dam collapse accidents caused by the flushing of sand-flushing water, an anti-slip and anti-scouring device composed of an anti-scouring module 42 or an anti-scouring column row 43 can be laid or pressed on the slopes on one side or both sides of the first diversion dike 5, the second diversion dike 10 and the third diversion dike 18, or on the slopes on one side or both sides of the water retaining dam 6, the transverse water retaining dam 8 and the longitudinal water retaining dam 17. In order to strengthen the stability of the column row type anti-scouring device, a column row reinforcement 44 can be added to the column row composed of single columns. In order to improve the stability of the anti-scouring device, the middle and lower sections of the device can be laid or pressed into the silt deposit.

[0057] Example 7, Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10As shown, a device for automatically flushing and discharging silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power also includes a lifting cable 45, a telescopic traction bracket 46, an operating boat 47, a control valve 48, a buoyancy box 49, a sand transport pipe 50, a water injection pump 51, a water injection valve 52, an exhaust valve 53, a sand stirring knife disc 55, a turbine 56, a pipe and valve operating room 57, and a pedestrian passage 58.

[0058] When some reservoirs cannot discharge the silt accumulated in the reservoir or in the front part by existing technology due to the need to maintain a certain amount of water storage at normal times and the limitations of the surrounding natural environment, the available water level difference formed by the water level in the reservoir and the riverbed or surface height behind the reservoir can be used to discharge the silt accumulated in the reservoir area, in the front part or under the water by siphon method or by laying pipes at the bottom of the reservoir to discharge the silt by direct discharge method.

[0059] When the silt under the water in the front end of the reservoir is pumped out by siphoning the available water level difference formed by the water level in the reservoir and the riverbed or surface height behind the reservoir, a sand discharge operation ship 47 and a sand conveying pipeline 50 can be set up in the reservoir. To facilitate the smooth implementation of the sand discharge operation, the front end of the sand conveying pipeline 50 can be set up on the operation ship 47. In order to enable the water inlet of the sand conveying pipeline carrying the turbine and the sand stirring cutter disc to flexibly contact the silt body and improve the silt extraction effect, a telescopic traction bracket 46 can be set up on the operation ship 47 and a lifting cable 45 that can lift the inlet end of the sand conveying pipeline can be set up on the telescopic traction bracket 46.

[0060] When starting the water delivery and sand removal operation, first close the control valves 48 provided at the front and rear ends of the sand delivery pipe 50, open the water injection valve 52 and the exhaust valve 53, and start the water injection pump 51 to inject water into the sand delivery pipe 50. When the sand delivery pipe 50 is filled with water, while closing the water injection valve 52 and the exhaust valve 53, the control valve 48 can be quickly opened to start the sand removal operation.

[0061] In order to allow the silt to be smoothly sucked into the sand conveying pipe, a sand stirring blade 55 can be provided at the inlet end of the sand conveying pipe 50, and the sand stirring blade can be provided with sand stirring power by a turbine 56 installed at the inlet of the sand conveying pipe 50 and rotating by the impact of water flow. In order to facilitate the installation and maintenance of the sand conveying pipeline and facilitate the smooth discharge of the silt entering the pipeline, a number of buoyancy boxes 49 with required buoyancy must be installed on the pipeline.

[0062] Example 8, Fig.10 For small and micro reservoirs with scarce water resources or shallow water levels that cannot be discharged by low-cost measures such as siphoning, when the sediment accumulated in the reservoir area and the front end is discharged directly and smoothly at low cost through the pipeline by hydraulic power, the sediment delivery pipeline 50 can be laid at the bottom of the underwater reservoir and the outlet end of the pipeline can be passed through the pipe valve operation room 57 under the pedestrian passage 58 from the bottom of the reservoir dam body 21, and the pipe valve in the pipe valve operation room 57 controls the operation of the sand delivery pipeline 50.

[0063] Example 9, Figure 8 , Fig.11 As shown, a device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power includes an anchor 59, a guide cable 60, a first winch 61, a traction cable 62, and a second winch 63.

[0064] Two small first winches 61 and guide cables 60 connected to the front end of the telescopic traction bracket 46 can be respectively installed on both sides of the front end of the work boat 47, so as to expand the silt discharge area of ​​the sand discharge pipe opening through the first winches 61 and the guide cables 60 guiding the telescopic traction bracket 46. In addition, two small second winches 63 and traction cables 62 respectively connected to the anchors 59 are respectively installed on both sides of the middle and rear ends of the work boat 47, so as to tow the work boat 47 forward to discharge sand through the traction of the second winches 63 and the traction cables 62, or to carry out sand discharge operations through the power device equipped by the work boat.

Claims

1. A device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power, comprising a reservoir area (19), characterized in that: A rock retention area (9) is built on a silt deposit in a river channel (1) near a water inlet of a reservoir area (19); a rolling dam (2) is built in the river channel behind the rock retention area (9) and crosses the river channel; a first-level temporary mud siltation area (3) is built in the river channel behind the rolling dam (2); one or more second diversion dikes (10) are arranged at different locations on the river banks on both sides of the first-level temporary mud siltation area (3); and a plurality of first diversion gates (4) are built at the rear end of the first-level temporary mud siltation area (3). ), a first compound sand discharge gate (11) is built on one side of a plurality of first water diversion gates (4); a first flushing gate (12) is built in the reservoir area behind the first water diversion gate (4), the rear side of which is connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel (13); the sand discharge tunnel / channel (13) is built on one side of the reservoir area (19), or in the mountain on one side thereof, with its front end connected to the first compound sand discharge gate (11), and its rear end outlet connected to the first sand discharge gate (24) and the second sand discharge gate (25), respectively.

2. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 1, characterized in that: A secondary temporary mud siltation area (7) is provided in the reservoir area behind the first diversion gate (4); one or more longitudinal water retaining dams (6) are built on the silted sand body in the secondary temporary mud siltation area (7) with the front end connected to the first diversion gate (4); one or more staggered first diversion dikes (5) are built on one side or both sides of the water retaining dam (6) with one end connected to the water retaining dam (6); a transverse water retaining dam (8) is built at the rear end of the secondary temporary mud siltation area (7); one or more overflow diversion gates (15) are provided on the dam body of the transverse water retaining dam (8); a second composite sand discharge gate (14) is built at one end of the transverse water retaining dam (8) with the rear end connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel (13); and a second flushing gate (16) is built in the reservoir area behind the overflow diversion gate (15) with the rear end connected to the sand discharge tunnel / channel (13).

3. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the silted sand body at the middle and rear ends of the reservoir area (19), one or more longitudinal water retaining dams (17) are built, the front ends of which are connected to the transverse water retaining dams (8); at the same time, a plurality of third diversion dikes (18) are arranged in a staggered manner on one side or both sides of the longitudinal water retaining dam (17); a third compound sand discharge gate (20) and a sand discharge tunnel (22) are built on one side of the reservoir area dam (21); the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel (22) and the outlet of the sand discharge tunnel / channel (13) built on the rear side of the third compound sand discharge gate (20) are connected to the river channel (23) behind the reservoir through the first sand discharge gate (24), or connected to the sand discharge channel (26) through the second sand discharge gate (25).

4. A device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and omnidirectional manner by hydraulic power according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that: The first compound sand discharge gate (11), the second compound sand discharge gate (14) and the third compound sand discharge gate (20) are all composed of a main gate (28) and an auxiliary gate (32). The main gate (28) is composed of a working platform (29), a lifting bracket (30) and a plurality of strip-shaped wedge-shaped gate plates (31). The water inlet of the main gate (28) can be a single-port type or a multi-port type. An anti-impact energy dissipation pool (41) is built at the rear side of the bottom of the multi-stage compound sand discharge gate.

5. A device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and omnidirectional manner by hydraulic power according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that: On the slope surface on one side or both sides of the first diversion dike (5), the second diversion dike (10) and the third diversion dike (18), a dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device consisting of an anti-scouring module (42) and / or an anti-scouring column row (43) is arranged or pressed, and the anti-scouring column row (43) is provided with a column row reinforcement member (44).

6. A device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and omnidirectional manner by hydraulic power according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that: On the slope surface of one side or both sides of the water retaining dam (6), the transverse water retaining dam (8), and the longitudinal water retaining dam (17), a dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device composed of an anti-scouring module (42) or an anti-scouring column row (43) may be arranged or pressed, and the column row type dam body anti-slip and anti-scouring device is provided with a column row reinforcement piece (44).

7. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 1, further characterized by: At the rear end of the second sand discharge gate (25), a formatted mud siltation area (27) is built. In the grid of the formatted mud siltation area (27), a sand discharge channel (26) whose front end is connected to the second sand discharge gate (25) is built. A plurality of second water diversion gates (33) and a third water diversion gate (34) are provided on the sand discharge channel (26) and are respectively connected to the formatted mud siltation area (27); drainage gates (36) are respectively provided on the dam body (35) of the mud area, and the temporary drainage channel (37) built on the rear side of the front drainage gate (36) and the outlet of the rear drainage gate are respectively connected to the river channel (23) behind the reservoir through the fourth water diversion gate (38), or connected to the agricultural irrigation channel (40) through the fifth water diversion gate (39).

8. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 1, further characterized by: In the waters at the middle and rear ends of the reservoir area, a sand transport pipe (50) is set up to automatically pump out underwater sand in the reservoir area by a siphon method using the water level difference between the front and rear ends of the reservoir area dam (21). The front end of the sand transport pipe (50) is set up on an operating boat (47). The front and rear ends of the sand transport pipe (50) are provided with control valves (48). The sand transport pipe (50) in the reservoir area is provided with a plurality of buoyancy boxes (49); the sand transport pipe (50) in front of the control valve (48) is provided with a water injection valve (52), a water injection pump (51) and an exhaust valve (53); the operating boat (47) is provided with a telescopic traction bracket (46) and a lifting cable (45); and a sand stirring blade (55) and a turbine (56) for providing sand stirring power to the sand stirring blade (55) are provided at the inlet of the sand transport pipe (50).

9. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 8, further characterized by: The sand transport pipe (50) is arranged in the bottom of the underwater reservoir and discharges sand in a direct discharge manner. The outlet end of the sand transport pipe (50) passes through the pipe valve operating room (57) under the pedestrian passage (58) and passes out from the bottom of the reservoir dam body 21. The pipe valve in the pipe valve operating room (57) controls the operation of the sand transport pipe (50).

10. The device for automatically flushing and draining silt from a reservoir area in a long-term and all-round manner by hydraulic power according to claim 8, further characterized by: A first winch (61) is provided on both sides of the front end of the working boat (47); one end of a guide cable (60) is connected to a telescopic traction bracket (46), and the other end is connected to the first winch (61); and a second winch (63) capable of towing the boat forward is provided on both sides of the middle and rear ends of the working boat (47); one end of a traction cable (62) is connected to an anchor (59) deployed in a muddy area, and the other end is connected to the second winch (63).

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