Battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery energy storage safety management system based on a BMS, and relates to the technical field of battery energy storage safety management, the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis processing module, an equalization strategy generation module, an equalization execution module and a safety monitoring early warning module; operation parameters of the battery pack and the single batteries are comprehensively acquired through the data acquisition module, the actual operation state of the battery pack is accurately sensed, health factors are calculated by comprehensively considering multiple factors, weight coefficients are dynamically adjusted, the characteristics of the single batteries are comprehensively considered, and the charging and discharging states of the battery pack are calculated according to the health factors, the charging and discharging stages and the environment temperature. The equalization strategy and current are determined through a self-adaptive algorithm, dynamic response to the running state of the battery pack and environment change is achieved, equalization operation is accurately executed through the equalization execution module, accurate equalization control is achieved, and through real-time monitoring of the safety monitoring and early warning module, safe running of the battery in different environments is guaranteed, the performance of the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage safety management, and in particular to a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS. Background Art

[0002] In the field of energy storage and management, with the rapid development of renewable energy and the growing demand for efficient energy utilization, battery energy storage systems have become one of the key technologies. Battery energy storage systems can store excess electrical energy and release it when needed, effectively solving the mismatch between energy production and consumption in time and space. The battery energy storage safety management system based on the battery management system is the core component to ensure the reliable, efficient and safe operation of the battery energy storage system. BMS is responsible for real-time monitoring of various battery parameters, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., and through the analysis and processing of these data, it can accurately evaluate the battery status, and then implement a series of management strategies to ensure that the battery operates within a safe working range, extend the battery life, and improve the overall performance of the battery energy storage system.

[0003] In a battery energy storage system, due to differences in manufacturing processes for individual cells and different usage environments, performance differences will gradually appear in the individual cells during the charging and discharging process. If such differences are not effectively managed, the overall performance of the battery pack will decline and even cause safety problems. Therefore, battery balancing management has become one of the important functions of a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS. Its purpose is to adjust the charging and discharging status of each individual cell so that they maintain consistent performance as much as possible, thereby improving the overall performance and life of the battery pack.

[0004] However, the existing BMS-based battery energy storage safety management system has certain problems in adaptive dynamic balancing. The balancing strategy lacks accurate perception and dynamic response to the real-time charging and discharging stages of the battery pack, which can easily cause energy waste or insufficient balancing. The characteristics of the single battery are one-sided, and the balancing demand is judged only based on the voltage, which makes it difficult to achieve accurate balancing control. It does not pay enough attention to the impact of ambient temperature on battery performance, and cannot adjust the balancing parameters in real time according to temperature changes. In the dynamic adjustment of the balancing current, it is impossible to comprehensively calculate the appropriate balancing current size in real time based on various information, resulting in poor balancing effect and affecting battery performance and life. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a BMS-based battery energy storage safety management system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS, which can comprehensively collect the operating parameters of the battery pack and the single cell, realize accurate perception of the actual operating status of the battery pack, comprehensively consider multiple factors to calculate the health factor and dynamically adjust the weight coefficient, realize comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of the single cell, and determine the balancing strategy and current through an adaptive algorithm based on the health factor, charging and discharging stage and ambient temperature, realize dynamic response to the operating status of the battery pack and environmental changes, and the balancing execution module accurately executes the balancing operation to realize precise balancing control.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS, the system comprising: a data acquisition module, a data analysis and processing module, a balancing strategy generation module, a balancing execution module and a safety monitoring and early warning module;

[0007] The data acquisition module collects the voltage U of each single cell in the battery pack in real time. i 、Current I i , Temperature T i , and the total voltage of the battery pack U total , total current I total and ambient temperature T env , where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n is the number of single cells;

[0008] The data analysis and processing module is based on the collected data through the formula Calculate the health factor HF of each single battery i , where U rated is the rated voltage of the single cell, is the average current of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery, T max and T min are the upper and lower limits of the battery operating temperature, α and β are weight coefficients, and the charge and discharge stages S and I of the battery pack are determined at the same time. total >0 is the charging stage, I total <0 is the discharge stage, I total =0 is standby state;

[0009] The balancing strategy generation module is based on the health factor HF of each single battery. i , charge and discharge stage S and ambient temperature T env , the balancing strategy and balancing current I are determined by adaptive algorithm eq ;

[0010] The balancing execution module performs balancing operation on each single battery according to the generated balancing strategy and balancing current;

[0011] The safety monitoring and early warning module monitors the battery pack parameters in real time, and issues an early warning and takes safety measures when the parameters exceed a preset threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition module adopts a distributed acquisition architecture to collect voltage, current and temperature data of each single cell. Each single cell is equipped with an independent acquisition sub-module. The voltage acquisition uses a differential amplifier to amplify the weak voltage signal of the single cell and convert it into a level range suitable for analog-to-digital conversion. An overvoltage protection circuit is also provided. The current acquisition uses a Hall effect sensor, and the temperature acquisition uses a thermistor sensor. The acquisition sub-module transmits the collected data to the central acquisition unit through the local bus. After the central acquisition unit performs preliminary processing and verification on the data, the data is sent to the data analysis and processing module through the high-speed communication bus.

[0013] Furthermore, the data analysis and processing module calculates the health factor HF of each single battery. i When the battery pack is charged, the weight coefficients α and β are adjusted dynamically. In the charging stage, when the overall state of charge of the battery pack is lower than 30%, the weight of the current difference on the health factor is increased. When the overall state of charge of the battery pack is higher than 80%, the weight of the temperature difference on the health factor is increased. In the discharge stage, when the discharge rate of the battery pack is higher than 1C, the weight of the current difference on the health factor is increased. When the discharge rate of the battery pack is lower than 0.5C, the weight of the temperature difference on the health factor is increased. 1C represents the discharge capacity of 1 hour. The data analysis and processing module calculates the change rate of the health factor of each single battery over a period of time. A single battery When it is continuously negative and the absolute value is greater than 0.01, the battery is marked as having a potential failure.

[0014] Furthermore, the adaptive algorithm of the balancing strategy generation module determines the balancing current I eq When considering the battery pack’s charge and discharge stage S, ambient temperature T env and the health factor difference ΔHF of each single battery, during the charging stage, the ambient temperature T env When the temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃ and the health factor difference ΔHF of each single cell is less than 0.1, the initial balancing current I eq1 When the difference in health factor of each single battery ΔHF is greater than 0.1, the formula Adjust the balancing current, where is the average health factor of the battery pack, γ is the equalization current adjustment coefficient in the charging stage, and in the discharging stage, according to the remaining power of the battery pack and the health factor of each single battery, the battery with a lower health factor is given priority for energy replenishment. The equalization current I eq3 Adjust according to the remaining power and health factor difference, the ambient temperature Tenv When the temperature is below 10℃ and above 40℃, the balancing current is corrected.

[0015] Furthermore, the balancing execution module adopts a bidirectional multi-winding transformer balancing circuit, which realizes energy transfer between multiple single cells through multiple windings, and uses high-frequency switching technology to convert the DC energy of the battery into high-frequency AC energy, which is transmitted and distributed through the transformer, and then converted back into DC energy to supply the battery that needs energy replenishment. The balancing execution module generates a balancing current I determined by the balancing strategy module. eq The on and off time of the switch tube is controlled by pulse width modulation technology. The balancing circuit is equipped with over-current protection circuit, over-voltage protection circuit and over-heat protection circuit. At the same time, the winding current and voltage of the transformer are monitored in real time to perform feedback control on the balancing process.

[0016] Furthermore, the safety monitoring and early warning module sets a multi-level early warning mechanism. For the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the single cell, a first-level early warning threshold, a second-level early warning threshold and a third-level early warning threshold are set respectively. When the parameter reaches the first-level early warning threshold, the system sends a first early warning signal. When it reaches the second-level early warning threshold, the system reduces the charge and discharge power of the battery pack and sends a second early warning signal. When it reaches the third-level early warning threshold, the system stops the charge and discharge operation of the battery pack and sends a third early warning signal. At the same time, the fault information is sent to the remote monitoring center. The early warning signal adopts a combination of sound and light. The indicator light and the buzzer send signals of different frequencies and colors. The safety monitoring and early warning module determines the fault type by analyzing the characteristics of the abnormal parameters, and displays the fault type and location information on the local monitoring interface.

[0017] Furthermore, the system also includes a data storage and management module, which uses a solid-state hard disk as a storage medium to store the collected voltage, current, temperature parameters of each single battery and the operating status information of the system in a structured database format. The data storage and management module has data backup and recovery functions, regularly backs up data to an external storage device, supports remote transmission and sharing of data, and uploads data to a cloud server through a network interface. The data storage and management module analyzes historical data to explore the changing patterns of battery performance and potential fault hazards.

[0018] Furthermore, the system is equipped with a human-computer interaction interface, which uses a color LCD touch screen to display in real time the voltage, current, temperature, health factor of each single cell of the battery pack, the total voltage, total current, and remaining power information of the battery pack. The operator sets the system parameters through the touch screen, including adjusting the relevant parameters of the balancing strategy and setting the warning threshold. The human-computer interaction interface provides a historical data query function. The operator enters the query conditions and views the battery operation data within the specified time period. The human-computer interaction interface displays the system's operating mode, fault information, and warning level. When an abnormal situation occurs, the interface displays the fault information and handling suggestions.

[0019] Compared with the existing technology, this BMS-based battery energy storage safety management system has the following features:

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention comprehensively collects the operating parameters of the battery pack and the single cell through the data acquisition module to achieve accurate perception of the actual operating status of the battery pack. With the help of the data analysis and processing module, multiple factors are comprehensively considered to calculate the health factor and dynamically adjust the weight coefficient to achieve comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of the single cell. The balancing strategy generation module is used to determine the balancing strategy and current through an adaptive algorithm based on the health factor, the charging and discharging stage and the ambient temperature to achieve dynamic response to the operating status of the battery pack and environmental changes. The balancing execution module accurately performs the balancing operation to achieve precise balancing control. The safety monitoring and early warning module monitors in real time to ensure the safe operation of the battery in different environments and improve the battery performance and life.

[0022] 2. The modules of the present invention work closely together to build an efficient and coordinated management system. The data storage and management module performs structured storage, backup, mining and analysis of operating data to provide data support for system optimization and achieve continuous improvement of balancing strategies. The human-computer interaction interface presents data in an intuitive manner, making it convenient for operators to set parameters and query data, thereby improving the usability and operability of the system. The architecture design of the entire system, from data collection to strategy execution, and then to monitoring and interaction, forms a closed-loop optimization to ensure that the battery energy storage system always maintains efficient, stable and safe operation under complex and changeable working conditions, significantly reducing maintenance costs and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS;

[0026] Figure 2 The figure is a workflow diagram of a battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] This embodiment is applied to a distributed energy storage system of a large commercial building. The building is equipped with a lithium battery-based energy storage system, which consists of a battery pack composed of many single cells. It is designed to store solar photovoltaic power generation and electricity purchased during off-peak electricity price periods to meet the daily electricity demand inside the building, especially during peak hours or when the city power supply is interrupted, to ensure the continuous operation of key equipment. Due to the volatility of commercial building power load and changes in indoor and outdoor ambient temperature, extremely high requirements are placed on the safe, stable and efficient operation of the battery pack, so an advanced BMS-based battery energy storage safety management system is required.

[0030] The data acquisition module is fully started, and each single cell is equipped with an independent acquisition submodule, which collects the voltage U of each single cell in real time at a very high frequency. i 、Current I i , Temperature T i (i=1,2,…,n, n represents the total number of single cells in the battery pack). At the same time, the total voltage U of the battery pack is collected. total , total current I total And the ambient temperature T env The acquisition submodule uses the local bus to quickly transmit the collected data to the central acquisition unit. The central acquisition unit then performs rigorous preliminary processing and verification on the data to remove possible noise interference and erroneous data, and then sends the processed data accurately to the data analysis and processing module through the high-speed communication bus.

[0031] After receiving the data, the data analysis and processing module uses the formula To accurately calculate the health factor HF of each single battery i , where U rated is the rated voltage of the single cell, is the average current of the battery pack, passing through the total current I total Divided by the number of single cells n, we get T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery, T max and T min They are the upper and lower limits of the battery operating temperature respectively. The weight coefficients α and β will be adjusted dynamically and accurately according to the charging and discharging stage of the battery pack and the current actual state.

[0032] Specifically, during the charging stage, when the overall state of charge of the battery pack is at a low level, the weight α of the impact of current difference on the health factor is increased, because at this time, the balance of current plays a key role in the fast and safe charging of the battery. As the charging process progresses, when the battery pack is close to a fully charged state, the weight β of the impact of temperature difference on the health factor is increased to effectively prevent performance degradation or even damage of individual batteries due to overheating. During the discharging stage, α and β are dynamically adjusted according to the discharge rate of the battery pack. When the discharge rate is faster, α is appropriately increased to ensure that the current output of each battery can be balanced. When the discharge rate is slower, the value of β is increased, focusing on the temperature consistency of the battery to avoid uneven battery performance due to temperature differences.

[0033] At the same time, the data analysis and processing module is based on I total The positive or negative value of the battery pack can be used to accurately determine the charge and discharge stage S of the battery pack. total >0 is considered as charging stage, I total <0 is judged as the discharge stage, I total =0 is the standby state. In addition, this module will also deeply analyze the change rate of each single battery health factor over a period of time. When a single cell When it remains negative for a long time and exceeds a certain preset threshold, the battery will be marked as having potential failure, providing a more comprehensive and critical basis for the formulation of subsequent balancing strategies.

[0034] The balancing strategy generation module is based on the health factor HF of each single battery. i , charging and discharging stage S and ambient temperature T env , using adaptive algorithms to scientifically determine the balancing strategy and balancing current I eq .

[0035] During the charging phase, when the ambient temperature T envWhen the health factor difference ΔHF of each single battery is small, a smaller initial balancing current I is used. eq1 , in order to avoid unnecessary energy loss caused by excessive balancing. As the charging process continues, if ΔHF gradually increases, then through the formula Dynamically adjust the balancing current, where is the average health factor of the battery pack, and γ is the balancing current adjustment coefficient specially set during the charging stage.

[0036] During the discharge phase, based on the remaining power of the battery pack and the health factor of each single battery, the battery with a lower health factor is given priority for energy replenishment, and the current I eq3 It will make real-time dynamic adjustments based on the remaining power and health factor differences to ensure that each battery can be discharged to the cut-off voltage synchronously. At the same time, when the ambient temperature T env Deviation from the optimal operating temperature T opt When it is larger, the balancing current is corrected accordingly to fully adapt to the performance changes of the battery under different temperature conditions.

[0037] The balancing execution module adopts an advanced bidirectional multi-winding transformer balancing circuit, strictly following the balancing strategy to generate the balancing current I determined by the module. eq , the circuit performs balancing operations on each single cell in an orderly manner. With the help of multiple windings, the circuit cleverly realizes the flexible energy transfer between multiple single cells, and can carry out balancing work on multiple batteries at the same time, which significantly improves the balancing efficiency.

[0038] In the specific circuit operation process, high-frequency switching technology is used to efficiently convert the DC energy of the battery into high-frequency AC energy, which is accurately transmitted and reasonably distributed through the transformer, and then converted back into DC energy to accurately supply the battery that needs energy replenishment. In the control link, the balancing execution module is based on the balancing current I eq , the on and off time of the switch tube is accurately controlled through pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, thereby achieving high-precision adjustment of the balancing current. In addition, the balancing circuit is also equipped with complete over-current, over-voltage and over-heat protection functions. When an abnormal situation is detected, it can quickly and automatically cut off the circuit to fully protect the safety of the battery and circuit components. At the same time, through real-time and accurate monitoring of the transformer winding current and voltage, timely and effective feedback control is carried out on the balancing process to ensure that the entire balancing operation remains stable and accurate at all times.

[0039] The safety monitoring and early warning module always maintains real-time monitoring of the battery pack parameters, and carefully sets the first-level warning threshold, second-level warning threshold and third-level warning threshold for the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the single battery.

[0040] When the parameter reaches the first-level warning threshold, the system immediately issues the first warning signal, reminding the operator in a gentle way to pay close attention to the battery status and detect potential problems in a timely manner. When the parameter reaches the second-level warning threshold, the system will automatically and quickly reduce the charge and discharge power of the battery pack, and issue the second warning signal at the same time, causing the operator to pay great attention to the change in battery status. When the parameter reaches the third-level warning threshold, the system will decisively and immediately stop the charging and discharging operation of the battery pack, and issue a strong third warning signal, and quickly send detailed fault information to the remote monitoring center.

[0041] The early warning signal adopts an intuitive way of combining sound and light, and sends out signals of different frequencies and colors through indicator lights and buzzers, so that operators can quickly and intuitively judge the warning level. The safety monitoring early warning module also has a powerful fault diagnosis function. Through in-depth and detailed analysis of the characteristics of abnormal parameters, it can accurately judge the type of fault, such as battery short circuit, overcharge, over-discharge, etc., and clearly display the precise fault type and location information on the local monitoring interface, which greatly facilitates operators to quickly locate and promptly handle faults, and effectively ensure the safe operation of the battery energy storage system.

[0042] The data storage and management module uses a solid-state hard disk as a stable and reliable storage medium, and orderly stores the collected parameters such as voltage, current, temperature of each single battery and the operating status information of the system in a structured database format.

[0043] The human-machine interaction interface adopts a high-resolution color LCD touch screen, which uses an intuitive and friendly interface design to display the voltage, current, temperature, health factor of each single battery of the battery pack, the total voltage, total current, remaining power and other key information of the battery pack in real time. The operator can conveniently set various parameters of the system through the touch screen. At the same time, the interface provides a powerful historical data query function. The operator only needs to enter simple query conditions to quickly view the battery operation data within the specified time period, and can easily export the data to Excel or PDF format files for further analysis and report generation.

[0044] In summary, through the application of this embodiment in the distributed energy storage system of large commercial buildings, all-round and refined management of the battery energy storage system is achieved. In terms of adaptive dynamic balancing, the system can accurately capture every subtle change in the actual operating status of the battery pack, the characteristics of the single cell and the ambient temperature, so as to dynamically and accurately adjust the balancing strategy and balancing current, effectively improving the consistency of the battery pack, avoiding local overcharging and over-discharging caused by differences in battery performance, and significantly extending the overall service life of the battery.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] This embodiment is applied to the battery energy storage system of electric buses. As an important part of urban public transportation, electric buses have complex operating conditions and frequently experience starting, acceleration, deceleration and braking processes. The charge and discharge status of the battery changes frequently. At the same time, during the driving of the bus, the ambient temperature of the battery will fluctuate greatly due to factors such as season, region and heat dissipation inside the car. Therefore, the safety, stability and efficiency of the battery energy storage system are extremely high. An accurate and intelligent battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS is needed to ensure the reliable operation of electric buses, extend the battery life and reduce operating costs.

[0047] During the operation of the electric bus, the data acquisition module works continuously, and the independent acquisition submodule corresponding to each single cell collects the voltage U of each single cell in real time. i 、Current I i , Temperature T i (i=1,2,…,n, assuming that the electric bus battery pack consists of n single cells), and at the same time, obtain the total voltage U of the battery pack total , total current I total And the ambient temperature T in the battery box env ,The acquisition submodule transmits the collected data to the central ,acquisition unit through the high-speed CAN bus in the vehicle. After the central ,acquisition unit performs preliminary processing on the data such as filtering ,error correction, etc., the data is then transmitted to the data ,analysis and processing module.

[0048] After the data analysis and processing module receives the data, it uses the formula Calculate the health factor HF of each single battery i , where U rated is the rated voltage of the single cell, is the average current of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery, T max and T min are the upper and lower limits of the battery operating temperature, respectively. The weight coefficients α and β are dynamically adjusted according to the driving conditions and battery status of the electric bus. For example, under frequent start-stop conditions, the battery current changes dramatically. The value of α is increased to highlight the impact of current on battery health. When driving at a constant speed for a long time, β is appropriately adjusted to pay attention to the effect of temperature on the battery.

[0049] By judging I total The positive or negative value determines the charge and discharge stage S of the battery pack. If I total >0 is the charging stage (such as when a bus is charging at a charging station), I total <0 is the discharge stage (i.e., the battery is powered during the bus driving), I total =0 is the standby state, and at the same time, the health factor change rate is analyzed when When an abnormal change occurs, the corresponding single cell battery may have a potential fault.

[0050] The balancing strategy generation module combines the health factor HF of each single battery i , charging and discharging stage S and ambient temperature T env , using adaptive algorithm to determine the balancing strategy and balancing current I eq .

[0051] During the discharge phase (bus driving process), when the ambient temperature T env When the difference in health factor ΔHF between each single cell is small within the appropriate range, a basic balancing current I is set. eq1 As the battery state changes during driving, if ΔHF increases, the formula Adjust the balancing current, where is the average health factor of the battery pack, γ is the equalization current adjustment coefficient in the charging stage. In the charging stage (when the bus is charging), the equalization current is reasonably allocated according to the remaining power of the battery pack and the health factor of each single battery to ensure that each battery is charged evenly. When the ambient temperature T env Deviation from the optimal operating temperature T opt When changing conditions, such as in hot summer or cold winter, the equalizing current is corrected to adapt to changes in battery performance.

[0052] The balancing execution module adopts a bidirectional multi-winding transformer balancing circuit, based on the determined balancing current I eq The circuit performs balancing operations on each single battery. During the operation of the electric bus, the circuit realizes energy transfer between single batteries through multiple windings, and uses high-frequency switching technology to convert the battery DC energy into high-frequency AC energy, which is then converted back to DC energy after transmission and distribution through the transformer. The pulse width modulation (PWM) technology is used to accurately control the on and off time of the switch tube to achieve precise adjustment of the balancing current. At the same time, the circuit monitors the transformer winding current and voltage in real time, and performs feedback control on the balancing process. When overcurrent, overvoltage or overheating is detected, the protection mechanism is quickly activated to cut off the circuit to protect the safety of the battery and circuit components.

[0053] The safety monitoring and early warning module monitors various parameters of the battery pack in real time, and sets multi-level early warning thresholds for the voltage, current and temperature of the single battery. When the parameters reach the first-level early warning threshold, a prompt message is issued through the in-vehicle display screen to inform the driver that the battery status needs attention. When the second-level early warning threshold is reached, in addition to the display screen prompt, an alarm is also issued through the on-board voice system, and the battery charging and discharging power is automatically adjusted to ensure driving safety. When the parameters reach the third-level early warning threshold, the battery output is immediately cut off, forcing the vehicle to stop running, and detailed fault information is sent to the bus operation management center. The early warning signal is presented through display color changes, voice prompts, etc., which is convenient for the driver to identify. The safety monitoring and early warning module determines the fault type by analyzing the abnormal characteristics of the parameters, such as loose battery connection, internal short circuit, etc., and displays the fault information on the display screen to help maintenance personnel quickly locate and handle the fault.

[0054] The data storage and management module uses an on-board solid-state hard drive to store battery operation data, and records parameters such as the voltage, current, temperature, health factor, and system operation status of each single battery in the form of a structured database. The data is regularly uploaded to the bus operation management center server through the wireless communication module to facilitate remote monitoring and analysis by management personnel. At the same time, historical data is mined and analyzed to predict the trend of battery performance changes, providing a decision-making basis for battery maintenance and replacement.

[0055] The human-computer interaction interface is set on the bus driving console and uses a touch display screen. The driver can use this interface to view the various parameters of the battery pack in real time and understand the battery health status. When an abnormal situation occurs, the interface will highlight the fault information and handling suggestions. Maintenance personnel can also use this interface to set parameters, query historical data, and other operations to facilitate maintenance of the battery system. The interface supports multiple language displays to meet the needs of different drivers.

[0056] In summary, through the application of this embodiment in the battery energy storage system of electric buses, accurate management and efficient protection of batteries are achieved. The adaptive dynamic balancing function adjusts the balancing strategy and current in real time according to the complex operating conditions and ambient temperature changes of the bus, effectively improving the consistency of the battery pack, reducing the performance differences between batteries, extending the battery life, and reducing the risk of vehicle breakdown due to battery failure.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS, characterized in that: The system includes: a data acquisition module, a data analysis and processing module, a balance strategy generation module, a balance execution module and a security monitoring and early warning module; The data acquisition module collects the voltage U of each single cell in the battery pack in real time. i 、Current I i , Temperature T i , and the total voltage of the battery pack U total , total current I total and ambient temperature T env , where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n is the number of single cells; The data analysis and processing module is based on the collected data through the formula Calculate the health factor HF of each single battery i , where U rated is the rated voltage of the single cell, is the average current of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery, T max and T min are the upper and lower limits of the battery operating temperature, α and β are weight coefficients, and they are used to determine the charge and discharge stages S and I of the battery pack. total >0 is the charging stage, I total <0 is the discharge stage; The balancing strategy generation module is based on the health factor HF of each single battery. i , charging and discharging stage S and ambient temperature T env , the balancing strategy and balancing current I are determined by adaptive algorithm eq ; The balancing execution module performs balancing operation on each single battery according to the generated balancing strategy and balancing current; The safety monitoring and early warning module monitors the battery pack parameters in real time, and issues an early warning and takes safety measures when the parameters exceed a preset threshold.

2. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module adopts a distributed acquisition architecture to collect the voltage, current and temperature data of each single cell. Each single cell is equipped with an independent acquisition submodule. The voltage acquisition uses a differential amplifier to amplify the weak voltage signal of the single cell and convert it into a level range suitable for analog-to-digital conversion. At the same time, an overvoltage protection circuit is provided. The current acquisition uses a Hall effect sensor, and the temperature acquisition uses a thermistor sensor. The acquisition submodule transmits the collected data to the central acquisition unit through the local bus. After the central acquisition unit performs preliminary processing and verification on the data, the data is sent to the data analysis and processing module through the high-speed communication bus.

3. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis and processing module calculates the health factor HF of each single battery i When the battery pack is charged, the weight coefficients α and β are adjusted dynamically. In the charging stage, when the overall state of charge of the battery pack is lower than 30%, the weight of the impact of the current difference on the health factor is increased. When the overall state of charge of the battery pack is higher than 80%, the weight of the impact of the temperature difference on the health factor is increased. In the discharge stage, when the discharge rate of the battery pack is higher than 1C, the weight of the impact of the current difference on the health factor is increased. When the discharge rate of the battery pack is lower than 0.5C, the weight of the impact of the temperature difference on the health factor is increased. The data analysis and processing module calculates the change rate of the health factor of each single battery over a period of time. A single battery When it is continuously negative and the absolute value is greater than 0.01, the battery is marked as having a potential failure.

4. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive algorithm of the balancing strategy generation module determines the balancing current I eq When considering the battery pack’s charge and discharge stage S, ambient temperature T env and the health factor difference ΔHF of each single battery, during the charging stage, the ambient temperature T env When the temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃ and the health factor difference ΔHF of each single cell is less than 0.1, the initial balancing current I eq1 When the difference in health factor of each single battery ΔHF is greater than 0.1, the formula Adjust the balancing current, where is the average health factor of the battery pack, γ is the equalization current adjustment coefficient in the charging stage, and in the discharging stage, according to the remaining power of the battery pack and the health factor of each single battery, the battery with a lower health factor is given priority for energy replenishment. The equalization current I eq3 Adjust according to the remaining power and health factor difference, the ambient temperature T env When the temperature is below 10℃ and above 40℃, the balancing current is corrected.

5. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing execution module adopts a bidirectional multi-winding transformer balancing circuit, which realizes energy transfer between multiple single cells through multiple windings, and uses high-frequency switching technology to convert the DC energy of the battery into high-frequency AC energy, which is transmitted and distributed through the transformer, and then converted back into DC energy to supply the battery that needs energy replenishment. The balancing execution module generates a balancing current I determined by the balancing strategy module. eq The on and off time of the switch tube is controlled by pulse width modulation technology. The balancing circuit is equipped with overcurrent protection circuit, overvoltage protection circuit and overheat protection circuit. At the same time, the winding current and voltage of the transformer are monitored in real time to perform feedback control on the balancing process.

6. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety monitoring and early warning module sets a multi-level early warning mechanism. For the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the single battery, a first-level early warning threshold, a second-level early warning threshold and a third-level early warning threshold are set respectively. When the parameter reaches the first-level early warning threshold, the system sends a first early warning signal. When it reaches the second-level early warning threshold, the system reduces the charging and discharging power of the battery pack and sends a second early warning signal. When it reaches the third-level early warning threshold, the system stops the charging and discharging operation of the battery pack and sends a third early warning signal. At the same time, the fault information is sent to the remote monitoring center. The early warning signal adopts a combination of sound and light. The indicator light and the buzzer send signals of different frequencies and colors. The safety monitoring and early warning module determines the fault type by analyzing the characteristics of the abnormal parameters, and displays the fault type and location information on the local monitoring interface.

7. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a data storage and management module. The data storage and management module uses a solid-state hard disk as a storage medium to store the collected voltage, current, temperature parameters of each single battery and the system's operating status information in a structured database format. The data storage and management module has data backup and recovery functions, regularly backs up data to an external storage device, supports remote transmission and sharing of data, and uploads data to a cloud server through a network interface. The data storage and management module analyzes historical data to explore the changing patterns of battery performance and potential fault hazards.

8. A battery energy storage safety management system based on BMS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is equipped with a human-computer interaction interface, which uses a color LCD touch screen to display in real time the voltage, current, temperature, health factor of each single cell of the battery pack, the total voltage, total current, and remaining power information of the battery pack. The operator sets the system parameters through the touch screen, including adjusting the relevant parameters of the balancing strategy and setting the warning threshold. The human-computer interaction interface provides a historical data query function. The operator enters the query conditions and views the battery operation data within the specified time period. The human-computer interaction interface displays the system's operating mode, fault information, and warning level. When an abnormal situation occurs, the interface displays the fault information and handling suggestions.

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