Special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, and belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting. Comprising a disease-resistant fertilizer and an insect-resistant fertilizer; wherein the disease-resistant fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of biomass charcoal, 1-2 parts of a compound microbial agent, 150-170 parts of an organic fertilizer and 50-60 parts of an inorganic fertilizer; wherein the compound microorganism bacterium agent comprises a bacillus subtilis bacterium agent, a trichoderma harzianum bacterium agent, a trichoderma viride bacterium agent and a paecilomyces lilacinus bacterium agent; the insect prevention fertilizer comprises beauveria bassiana suspension and matrine in a volume ratio of (3.5-4.5): 1. According to the fertilizer composition special for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, the synergistic effect of microorganisms is utilized, the broad-spectrum inhibition effect on microorganisms in sugarcane continuous cropping disease soil can be achieved, the kieselguhr and the biomass charcoal cooperate to form a porous substance, nutrient elements are adsorbed in pores, the slow-release effect is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the effect is good. Moreover, the soil structure can be improved, and the disease resistance of the sugarcane during continuous cropping is greatly improved through the synergistic interaction with the microbial complex microbial inoculants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop in the world, and its planting areas in China are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan. Sugarcane is a high-yield crop that consumes a large amount of soil fertility. The longer the continuous cropping period, the greater the consumption of soil fertility. Moreover, continuous cropping easily leads to the accumulation of sugarcane diseases. If no corresponding measures are taken, it will surely greatly affect the sugarcane yield in the coming year. In addition, sugarcane borers (including sugarcane white borer, striped borer, etc.) usually spend the winter in the remaining parts of the cane stems or in the soil in the form of larvae or pupae. In the case of continuous planting, the unremoved sugarcane residues and soil will become breeding grounds for eggs and larvae, resulting in an increasing population base year by year; continuous planting leads to a single sugarcane field ecosystem with insufficient biodiversity, which reduces the number of natural enemies such as Trichogramma and Beauveria bassiana and cannot effectively control the reproduction of borers; continuous planting also causes soil nutrient imbalance (such as excessive nitrogen fertilizer), resulting in poor growth of sugarcane and a decline in its pest resistance. Borers are more likely to attack plants with poor growth conditions, thus forming a vicious cycle of "pest damage - plant weakness - aggravated pest damage". Due to these factors, continuous planting of sugarcane is very likely to cause borer diseases. The most effective way to solve continuous cropping diseases is to carry out crop rotation. For example, rotating with legumes, oil crops or tuber crops is beneficial to improving soil structure and restoring nutrients, and is very effective in improving and cultivating soil fertility and eliminating diseases. However, the rotation period is often long. If continuous cropping is carried out, more fertilizers need to be applied to improve soil nutrients, which greatly increases the planting cost and has poor results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, which greatly improves the disease resistance ability during the continuous cropping of sugarcane through the combined action of microorganisms, biomass, diatomaceous earth, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, comprising a disease-resistant fertilizer and an insect-proof fertilizer; wherein, by mass, the raw materials of the disease-resistant fertilizer include 50 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of biomass charcoal, 1-2 parts of a compound microbial inoculant, 150-170 parts of organic fertilizer, and 50-60 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the compound microbial inoculant includes a Bacillus subtilis inoculant, a Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, a Trichoderma viride inoculant, and a Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant; the insect-proof fertilizer comprises a Beauveria bassiana suspension and matrine solution in a volume ratio of (3.5-4.5):1.

[0006] In the compound microbial inoculum of the present invention, Bacillus subtilis can secrete a variety of antibacterial substances, such as bacteriocins (including polymyxin, nystatin, subtilin, etc.), organic acid substances and lipopeptide compounds, and these substances have inhibitory or killing effects on a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Secondly, when Bacillus subtilis propagates in the soil, it will compete with pathogenic bacteria for living space and nutrients, thereby restricting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, Bacillus subtilis can decompose refractory substances in the soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, improve the soil aggregate structure, make the soil more loose and breathable, and is beneficial to the growth and development of sugarcane roots. Trichoderma harzianum can parasitize on a variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., etc., and directly inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria through a series of steps such as recognition, contact, entanglement, penetration and parasitism. This hyperparasitism has a significant control effect on the pathogenic bacteria in sugarcane continuous cropping diseases. Trichoderma harzianum can also produce a variety of small molecule antibiotics and macromolecule antibacterial proteins or cell wall degrading enzymes, and these substances can inhibit the growth, reproduction and infection of pathogenic bacteria, thereby protecting sugarcane from diseases. Trichoderma viride can also prevent sugarcane from being invaded by various pathogenic bacteria in the soil; Paecilomyces lilacinus is an endoparasitic fungus and has a significant control effect on a variety of plant parasitic nematodes. These nematodes are often one of the important factors leading to sugarcane continuous cropping diseases. Paecilomyces lilacinus can parasitize on the eggs, larvae and female worms of nematodes, destroy their normal physiological functions, and thus reduce the number and harm of nematodes. This is of great significance for reducing sugarcane continuous cropping diseases caused by nematode infection. Paecilomyces lilacinus can also form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots through the mycelial network, provide additional nutrients and water for the roots, and promote the development and growth of the roots. This helps sugarcane to form a more extensive root system, improve the water and fertilizer absorption capacity and stress resistance. The four kinds of bacteria in the present invention are combined after a large number of experimental screenings, and through experimental verification, the combination of these four kinds of bacteria has excellent effects on sugarcane resistance to continuous cropping diseases and increasing yield. The pore structure and adsorption capacity of biochar can provide carriers for various nutrients and microorganisms, accelerate their colonization in the soil, and at the same time can promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the physical structure of the soil, make the soil more loose and breathable, and is beneficial to the growth and development of plant roots. Organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers can supplement the nutrients necessary for sugarcane growth, and various components act synergistically, and have significant effects on sugarcane resistance to continuous cropping diseases, increasing production and income. In addition, sugarcane continuous cropping is also prone to insect pests, and the most serious one is the sugarcane borer. The insect-proof fertilizer of the present invention combines Beauveria bassiana and matrine and is used as a foliar fertilizer. Beauveria bassiana is the natural enemy of the sugarcane borer and has a good control effect on the sugarcane borer; matrine acts on the nervous system of the sugarcane borer, destroys the protein structure in the sugarcane borer body, and creates favorable conditions for the infection of Beauveria bassiana spores. The quick-acting property of matrine (the effect can be seen in 3 days) can quickly reduce the insect population density, while the continuous infection of Beauveria bassiana (it takes 7-10 days to take effect) can control insect pests for a long time. The two are mixed and used in a specific ratio, and the control effect on the sugarcane borer is very significant.

[0007] As a further preference, the total number of bacteria in the compound microbial inoculant is ≥ 10 billion / g, and the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Trichoderma viride inoculant, and Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant is 1:2:3:3; the concentration of the Beauveria bassiana suspension is 1×10 8 ~1×10 9 spores / mL; the concentration of the matrine solution is 0.8 mg / mL.

[0008] As a further preference, the organic fertilizer is crop straw and animal manure.

[0009] As a further preference, the inorganic fertilizer is potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Since various raw materials of the present invention are added during the fermentation process, the inorganic fertilizer needs to ensure that it is not decomposed by microorganisms during the fermentation process. Therefore, the present invention preferably uses potassium nitrate to provide nitrogen element for sugarcane, and uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate to provide phosphorus and potassium for sugarcane. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be in accordance with the conventional ratio suitable for sugarcane.

[0010] As a preference, the preparation method of the disease-resistant fertilizer is: mix the organic fertilizer, biochar, inorganic fertilizer, and diatomite evenly, adjust the water content to 50 - 60%, adjust the pH to 7 - 7.5, then add the compound microbial inoculant and mix evenly for fermentation, control the fermentation temperature below 45°C, and the fermentation time is 7 - 10 days. In the present invention, other raw materials are added during the fermentation process of the organic fertilizer. Among them, biochar can promote the fermentation process of microorganisms, and the gas generated during the fermentation process can promote the adsorption and fixation of beneficial substances by diatomite. The adsorption capacity of biochar and diatomite can reduce nutrient loss.

[0011] As a further preference, after the fermentation is completed, there are also processes of granulation and drying.

[0012] As a further preference, the binder used in the granulation process is starch.

[0013] As a further preference, the drying method is air drying, and the air drying method can avoid killing microorganisms at high temperature.

[0014] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a fertilization method for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane. Before sugarcane planting, the disease-resistant fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; when sugarcane enters the rapid growth period, an insect-proof fertilizer is sprayed.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying parts of the insect-proof fertilizer are the base of the sugarcane seedlings, the stem, and the heart leaves; the spraying time is after 5 pm to avoid direct sunlight.

[0016] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0017] The special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane in the present invention includes disease-resistant fertilizer and insect-proof fertilizer. Among them, the disease-resistant fertilizer utilizes the synergistic effect of microorganisms, which has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on the microorganisms in the soil of sugarcane continuous cropping disease. Diatomite and biomass charcoal synergistically form a porous substance, adsorbing nutrient elements in the pores, improving the slow-release effect, prolonging the fertilizer efficiency, and being able to improve the soil structure, synergistically enhancing the effect with the microbial complex bacteria agent, greatly improving the ability of sugarcane to resist continuous cropping diseases. The insect-proof fertilizer combines Beauveria bassiana and matrine and is used as a foliar fertilizer, and has a very significant control effect on the damage of sugarcane borers caused by sugarcane continuous cropping. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] The various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0021] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the present invention specification are obvious to those skilled in the art. The present invention specification and examples are only exemplary.

[0022] Regarding the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0023] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, including a disease-resistant fertilizer and an insect-proof fertilizer; wherein, by mass, the raw materials of the disease-resistant fertilizer include 50 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of biomass charcoal, 1-2 parts of compound microbial inoculant, 150-170 parts of organic fertilizer, and 50-60 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the compound microbial inoculant includes Bacillus subtilis inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Trichoderma viride inoculant, and Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant; the insect-proof fertilizer includes a white muscardine suspension and matrine solution with a volume ratio of (3.5-4.5):1.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, the total number of bacteria in the compound microbial inoculant ≥ 10 billion / g, and the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Trichoderma viride inoculant, and Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant is 1:2:3:3.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the organic fertilizer is crop straw and animal manure.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the inorganic fertilizer is potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Since various raw materials of the present invention are added during the fermentation process, the inorganic fertilizer needs to ensure that it is not decomposed by microorganisms during the fermentation process. Therefore, the present invention preferably uses potassium nitrate to provide nitrogen element for sugarcane, uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate to provide phosphorus and potassium for sugarcane, and uses calcium nitrate to provide nitrogen and calcium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium follows the conventional ratio suitable for sugarcane (for example, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1:0.4:1).

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the disease-resistant fertilizer is: mix the organic fertilizer, biomass charcoal, inorganic fertilizer, and diatomite evenly, then adjust the water content to 50-60% (60% in the preferred embodiment), adjust the pH to 7-7.5 (7.5 in the preferred embodiment), then add the compound microbial inoculant and mix evenly for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is controlled below 45°C, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days (10 days in the preferred embodiment). In the present invention, other raw materials are added during the fermentation of the organic fertilizer. Among them, biochar can promote the fermentation process of microorganisms, and the gas generated during the fermentation process can promote the adsorption and fixation of beneficial substances by diatomite. The adsorption capacity of biochar and diatomite can reduce nutrient loss.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, after the fermentation is completed, there are also granulation and drying processes.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the binder used in the granulation process is starch. Using starch for granulation is because starch can provide nutrients for microorganisms while having the function of an ordinary binder. Starch degrades under the action of microorganisms, enabling the release of nutrients in the fertilizer and enhancing the slow-release effect.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the drying method is air drying, which can avoid killing microorganisms at high temperatures.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a fertilization method for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane. Before sugarcane planting, the disease-resistant fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; when sugarcane enters the rapid growth stage, the insect-proof fertilizer is sprayed.

[0032] Furthermore, the spraying parts of the insect-proof fertilizer are the base, stem, and heart leaves of the sugarcane seedlings; the spraying time is after 5 pm to avoid direct sunlight.

[0033] The organic fertilizers used in the following embodiments of the present invention are wheat straw, rice straw, and pig manure. The wheat straw and rice straw are first crushed to <3 mm before use and then mixed with pig manure.

[0034] The biomass charcoal used is purchased from Henan Miaolan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., with a specification of 80-200 mesh; the Paecilomyces lilacinus agent is purchased from Jinan Luya Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a content of ≥20%; the Bacillus subtilis agent is purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a content of ≥100 billion / g; the Trichoderma harzianum agent is purchased from Shandong Hengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a viable count of 10 billion / g; the Trichoderma viride agent is purchased from Hubei Hengxing Technology Co., Ltd., with a spore count of 5 billion / g. The total viable count of the compound microbial agent is ≥10 billion / g, and the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis agent, Trichoderma harzianum agent, Trichoderma viride agent, and Paecilomyces lilacinus agent is 1:2:3:3. The Beauveria bassiana powder is purchased from Hubei Qibajiu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; it is formulated into the following concentration before spraying: the concentration of the Beauveria bassiana suspension is 1×10 8 ~1×10 9 spores / mL; the concentration of the matrine solution is 0.8 mg / mL. The insect-proof fertilizer is composed of a Beauveria bassiana suspension and a matrine solution mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1.

[0035] The inorganic fertilizers are potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the dosage ratio is 1:0.4:1.

[0036] It should be noted that the technical means not shown in the following embodiments are all conventional technical means and can be adjusted according to the conventional experience in the art, such as the ratio of wheat straw, rice straw, and pig manure, the detailed steps of granulation and air drying, etc., which are not the key points of the present invention and will not be elaborated.

[0037] Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-3

[0038] A special fertilizer for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, and the preparation method of the disease-resistant fertilizer is as follows:

[0039] S1. Prepare raw materials according to the mass parts shown in Table 1;

[0040] S2. Mix the organic fertilizer, biochar, inorganic fertilizer and diatomite evenly, adjust the water content to 60%, adjust the pH to 7.5, then add the compound microbial inoculant and mix well for fermentation. Control the fermentation temperature below 45°C and the fermentation time for 10 days;

[0041] S3. Granulate the fermented material, with starch as the binder, and then air-dry to obtain the special fertilizer for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane.

[0042] Table 1 Raw material ratio table (parts by mass)

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Comparative Example 4

[0046] On the basis of Example 3, replace the Trichoderma viride inoculant with the same mass of Trichoderma harzianum inoculant.

[0047] Comparative Example 5

[0048] On the basis of Example 3, replace the Trichoderma harzianum inoculant with the same mass of Trichoderma viride inoculant.

[0049] Comparative Example 6

[0050] On the basis of Example 3, replace the Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant with the same mass of Bacillus subtilis inoculant.

[0051] Comparative Example 7

[0052] On the basis of Example 3, replace the compound microbial inoculant with the same mass of EM inoculant (purchased from Shandong Beijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0053] Planting experiment:

[0054] Select the sugarcane variety Guitang 42. Select the sugarcane planting base of the Subtropical Crops Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the experimental land. This plot has been planted with sugarcane for two consecutive years. Divide the experimental field into 12 equal parts according to the area. 11 of them are used as experimental groups. Application method: Use the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-7 as base fertilizers, with an application rate of 140 kg / mu, and no top dressing is required. When the sugarcane enters the rapid growth period, spray the insect-proof fertilizer, and the spraying parts are the base, stem and heart leaves of the sugarcane seedlings; the spraying time is after 5 pm to avoid direct sunlight. Spray again after an interval of 10 days.

[0055] Another plot was used as the control group, applying fermented chicken manure as the base fertilizer (application rate: 140 kg / mu), using inorganic fertilizer (with the same nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium ratio as in Example 3) as the top dressing (application rate: 30 kg / mu), and the number of top dressing times was three, respectively at the emergence stage, the early jointing stage, and the late jointing stage of sugarcane.

[0056] For the water and fertilizer management, pest control, and weed control methods of both the experimental group and the control group, the daily management method can be adopted.

[0057] Five indicators, namely yield, sugar content of sugarcane, sugar content, incidence rate, and dead heart rate caused by stem borer damage, were measured for both the experimental group and the control group, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Statistical table of sugarcane yield and pest and disease conditions of the experimental group and the control group

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Note: The incidence rate refers to the ratio of the diseased plants of all common diseases of sugarcane to all plants. Common diseases of sugarcane include smut, sugarcane rust, sugarcane top rot, etc.; the dead heart rate caused by stem borer damage (%) = the number of dead heart seedlings / the total number of seedlings × 100%.

[0062] It can be seen from Table 2 that the mu yield of sugarcane planted in Examples 1-4 is basically about 7 tons, which is equivalent to the yield of plots without continuous cropping diseases. After adjusting the composition of the microbial agent and compounding it with other components in Comparative Examples 4-7, although the sugar content of the planted sugarcane decreased slightly, the yield decreased significantly, which may be related to the increase in the incidence rate, indicating that the composition of the microbial agent of the present invention has an obvious effect on preventing and controlling sugarcane diseases. In Comparative Example 2, the compound microbial agent was directly not added, and the diseases were controlled solely by diatomite and biochar, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were used to provide nutrients, and the pest control fertilizer was used to control stem borer damage. It was most significantly affected by continuous cropping diseases, with a significant decrease in yield and the highest incidence rate of sugarcane. In Comparative Examples 1 and 3, the addition of biochar and diatomite was omitted, resulting in a decrease in the slow-release effect and a corresponding decrease in the promotion effect on the absorption of nutrients, leading to an increase in the incidence rate of sugarcane. At the same time, affected by both continuous cropping diseases and insufficient late fertilizer efficiency, the mu yield was also affected to a certain extent.

[0063] For the stem borer disease, the dead heart rate caused by stem borer damage was mainly statistically analyzed in the present invention. Among them, the dead heart rates of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were relatively low. In Comparative Examples 2 and 4-7, the microbial composition in the disease-resistant fertilizer was changed, and the dead heart rate increased to a certain extent, indicating that there is a certain synergistic effect between the compound microorganism and the pest control fertilizer in preventing and controlling stem borer pests.

[0064] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, characterized in that: It includes disease-resistant fertilizer and insect-proof fertilizer; wherein, by weight, the raw materials of the disease-resistant fertilizer include 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 5-10 parts of biochar, 1-2 parts of composite microbial agent, 150-170 parts of organic fertilizer and 50-60 parts of inorganic fertilizer; wherein the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis agent, Trichoderma harzianum agent, Trichoderma viride agent and Paecilomyces lilacinus agent; the insect-proof fertilizer includes Beauveria bassiana suspension and matrine solution in a volume ratio of (3.5-4.5):

1.

2. A special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total bacterial count of the composite microbial agent is ≥ 10 billion / g, wherein the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis agent, the Trichoderma harzianum agent, the Trichoderma viride agent and the Paecilomyces lilacinus agent is 1:2:3:3; and / or The concentration of the Beauveria bassiana suspension is 1×10 8 ~1×10 9 Spores / mL; and / or The concentration of the matrine solution is 0.8 mg / / mL.

3. The special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is crop straw and animal excrement.

4. The special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizers are potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. The special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the disease-resistant fertilizer is as follows: organic fertilizer, biochar, inorganic fertilizer and diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, the pH is adjusted to 7-7.5, and then a composite microbial agent is added and mixed, and then fermented, the fermentation temperature is controlled below 45° C., and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

6. The special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 5, characterized in that: After fermentation is completed, the process of granulation and drying is also included.

7. A special fertilizer composition for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane according to claim 6, characterized in that: The binder used in the granulation process is starch.

8. Use of the special fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the process of sugarcane planting and cultivation, characterized in that: Used for sugarcane cultivation in soils where continuous cropping diseases exist.

9. A fertilization method for high-yield cultivation of sugarcane, characterized in that: Before planting sugarcane, the disease-resistant fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer; when the sugarcane enters a rapid growth period, insect-proof fertilizer is sprayed.

10. The fertilization method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spraying position of the insect-proof fertilizer is the base, stem and heart leaf position of the sugarcane seedling.

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