A proton exchange resin with multiple proton conduction centers and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, and proposes a proton exchange resin with multiple proton conduction centers and a method for preparing the same. The proton exchange membrane of the present invention has a perfluorinated backbone structure, with side chains containing sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and sulfonimide groups. The resulting multiple active centers increase ion exchange capacity, enhance proton conductivity, and ensure the proton transport capacity of the proton exchange membrane at low humidity. Furthermore, the benzene ring structure provides significant steric hindrance, raising the glass transition temperature, enabling the polymer to achieve both proton conductivity and thermal stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and in particular to a proton exchange resin with multiple proton conduction centers and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) converts hydrogen into electricity. Its advantages, including high energy conversion efficiency and rapid system response, make it an ideal power supply. Fuel cell operational stability, reliability, and lifespan are key requirements for automotive fuel cells. The proton exchange membrane is one of the primary factors determining these reliability and lifespans.

[0003] Operating fuel cells at high temperatures can optimize the water-heat management system and improve tolerance to impurity gases, thereby reducing costs. However, traditional perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membranes are limited to operating at relatively low temperatures, around 80°C. This membrane has a low glass transition temperature (<120°C) and a significant dependence on moisture, and the proton conductivity decreases significantly under low humidity conditions. To improve conductivity, a common approach is to increase the ion exchange capacity of the sulfonic acid resin. Increasing the number of acidic functional groups on the main chain can achieve the goal of improving ion conductivity. However, increasing the ion exchange capacity will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the membrane and lower the glass transition temperature, affecting thermal stability. Therefore, preparing a proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity and high thermal stability is of great significance for high-temperature fuel cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a proton exchange resin with multiple proton conduction centers, a preparation method and an application thereof, to solve the problems of low low humidity conductivity and poor high temperature stability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in traditional technologies.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a proton exchange resin having a multi-element proton conduction center, wherein the structural formula of the proton exchange resin is:

[0006]

[0007] Wherein, x and y are integers between 1 and 100, m and n are integers between 0 and 10, and m and n are not both 0. The structure of R is:

[0008]

[0009] Wherein, R1, R2 are one of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, and -SO2-NH-SO2-CF3.

[0010] Specifically, the main chain structure of the proton exchange membrane with multiple proton conduction centers is a perfluorinated skeleton, and the side chains contain groups such as sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid and sulfonimide. The multiple active centers formed improve the ion exchange capacity. At the same time, the benzene ring structure has a large steric hindrance, which increases the glass transition temperature, allowing the polymer to take into account both proton conductivity and thermal stability.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the structure of R is:

[0012]

[0013] One of them.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, the compound of formula I PFSF reacts with liquid ammonia to produce the compound of formula II PFS-NH2;

[0016]

[0017] Wherein, x and y are integers between 1 and 100, m and n are integers between 0 and 10, and m and n are not both 0;

[0018] S2, the amino group on the PFS-NH2 side chain undergoes a Hinsberg reaction with a monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride to form a proton exchange resin containing multiple proton conduction centers.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in step S1, the reaction temperature is -80°C to 30°C, and the reaction time is 24-72h.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, the molar ratio of PFS-NH2 to the monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride is 1:2-8.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, PFS-NH2 is added to an organic solvent and heated to 120°C, stirred for 6-12 hours to completely dissolve it, then cooled to 0°C, and a monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride and an acid binding agent are added to carry out a Hinsberg reaction. After the reaction is completed, acid (1M H2SO4) is added to precipitate, which is then recrystallized and purified in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and finally dried in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 24 hours to obtain a solid proton exchange resin.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, the reaction time is 12-72 hours, and the molar ratio of PFS-NH2 to the acid binding agent is 1:2-10.

[0023] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, hexafluorobenzene and dioxane; and the acid binding agent is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, triethylamine and ethylenediamine.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of a proton exchange resin having a multi-element proton conduction center in the preparation of a proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange resin is dissolved in an alcohol solution to form a solution with a solid content of 10 wt%, and then the solvent is removed at 80°C by a tape casting method to form a membrane to obtain a proton exchange membrane.

[0025] The mass ratio of the proton exchange resin to the alcohol solution is (1-5):20, the mass ratio of water to alcohol in the alcohol solution is 1:0.5-2, and the alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or n-propanol.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides applications of proton exchange membranes in fuel cells and water electrolyzers.

[0027] The proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers and its preparation method and application of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The proton exchange membrane of the present invention has a perfluorinated backbone structure, with side chains containing sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and sulfonimide groups. The resulting multiple active centers enhance ion exchange capacity, increase proton conductivity, and ensure the proton transport capacity of the proton exchange membrane at low humidity. Furthermore, the benzene ring structure provides significant steric hindrance, raising the glass transition temperature, enabling the polymer to achieve both proton conductivity and thermal stability.

[0029] (2) The rigid groups of the proton exchange membrane of the present invention reduce the flexibility of the side chain, increase the steric hindrance, and increase the glass transition temperature (>120° C.), thereby ensuring that the proton exchange membrane operates at a higher temperature.

[0030] (3) The proton exchange membrane of the present invention introduces multiple acidic groups into the side chain while maintaining the main chain crystallinity unchanged, and has broad application prospects in the field of high-temperature and low-humidity fuel cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of fuel cell performance of the embodiment and perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane at 120°C and 40% RH;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the water electrolysis performance of the embodiment and the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane at 90°C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] As analyzed in the background technology of this application, the number of acidic functional groups on the main chain is increased to achieve the goal of improving ion conductivity. However, increasing the ion exchange capacity will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the membrane and lower the glass transition temperature, affecting thermal stability. Therefore, the preparation of a proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity and high thermal stability is of great significance for high-temperature fuel cells. In order to solve this problem, the present application provides a proton exchange resin with multiple proton conduction centers, a preparation method and application thereof.

[0036] The present invention is further described below with specific experimental steps. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to further limit the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) Add 10 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -78°C, then continuously introduce 800 mL of NH3, stir and react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 80°C, and add 200 mL of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0040] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 10mmoL 1,4-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, and then add 10mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. After keeping the temperature at 0℃ for 36h, pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until neutral, at which time the sulfonyl chloride is hydrolyzed to the sulfonic acid form. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0041] (3) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water:ethanol mass ratio = 1:1). The polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h. The membrane was peeled off from the glass plate and immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h. It was then washed three times with deionized water and dried to obtain the final proton exchange membrane containing sulfonimide and sulfonic acid groups. The structural formula is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Where x=5, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) Add 5 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -78°C, then continuously introduce 500 ml of NH3, stir and react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 80°C, and add 100 ml of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0047] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 5.1mmoL 1,4-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, and then add 20mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. Keep the temperature at 0℃ and react for 12h. Then add another monomer, 5.1mmoL trifluoromethanesulfonamide, and continue the reaction for 24h. Pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until it is neutral. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0048] (3) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water: ethanol mass ratio = 1:1), and the polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h; the membrane was peeled off from the glass plate, immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h, and then washed three times with deionized water. After drying, the final proton exchange membrane containing bissulfonyl imide groups was obtained, and the structural formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Where x=4, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Add 5 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -80°C, then continuously introduce 500 ml of NH3, and stir to react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 60°C, and add 100 ml of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0054] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 10mmoL 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then add 30mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. Keep the temperature at 0℃ and react for 36h. Pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until it is neutral. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0055] (3) Add 5 mmol of the above polymer and 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, then add 10 mmol of triethyl phosphite, heat to 170°C, and reflux for 24 hours. After the reaction is complete, pour it into a 1M HCl solution to precipitate. Then, acidify it with 1M HCl at 80°C for 24 hours and wash it with water until neutral. Then, recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 24 hours to obtain a white solid product.

[0056] (4) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water:ethanol mass ratio = 1:1). The polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h. The membrane was peeled off from the glass plate and immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h. It was then washed three times with deionized water and dried to obtain the final proton exchange membrane containing sulfonimide and phosphonic acid groups. The structural formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where x=5, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Add 10 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -50°C, then continuously introduce 800 ml of NH3, and stir to react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 50°C, and add 300 ml of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0062] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 10mmoL 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, and then add 15mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. After maintaining the reaction at 0℃ for 36h, pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until neutral, at which point the sulfonyl chloride is hydrolyzed to the sulfonic acid form. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0063] (3) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water:ethanol mass ratio = 1:1). The polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h. The membrane was peeled off from the glass plate and immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h. It was then washed three times with deionized water and dried to obtain the final proton exchange membrane containing sulfonimide and sulfonic acid groups. The structural formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Where x=4, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) Add 5 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -78°C, then continuously introduce 500 ml of NH3, stir and react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 80°C, and add 100 ml of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0069] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 5.1mmoL 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, and then add 20mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. Keep the temperature at 0℃ and react for 12h. Then add another monomer, 5.1mmoL trifluoromethanesulfonamide, and continue the reaction for 24h. Pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until it is neutral. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0070] (3) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water:ethanol mass ratio = 1:1). The polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h. The membrane was peeled off from the glass plate and immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h. It was then washed three times with deionized water and dried to obtain the final proton exchange membrane containing bissulfonyl imide groups. The structural formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Where x=5, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] This embodiment provides a proton exchange membrane prepared by a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0075] (1) Add 10 mmol of the compound PFSF of formula I into a single-necked flask, place it in a low-temperature tank, maintain it at -50°C, then continuously introduce 800 ml of NH3, and stir to react for 72 hours. After the reaction is completed, heat it to 50°C, and add 300 ml of 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to neutralize the excess NH3. Then wash it until it is neutral to obtain the final product PFS-NH2.

[0076] (2) Add 5mmoL PFS-NH2 resin and 20mL N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, heat it to 120℃, and stir for 12h to completely dissolve it. Then cool it to 0℃, add 10mmoL 3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then add 40mmoL sodium hydroxide solid. Keep the temperature at 0℃ and react for 36h. Pour it into 1M H2SO4 solution to precipitate. Then wash it with water until it is neutral. Then recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80℃ for 24h to obtain a white solid product.

[0077] (3) Add 5 mmol of the above polymer and 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide to a single-necked flask, then add 10 mmol of triethyl phosphite, heat to 170°C, and reflux for 24 hours. After the reaction is complete, pour it into a 1M HCl solution to precipitate. Then, acidify it with 1M HCl at 80°C for 24 hours and wash it with water until neutral. Then, recrystallize and purify it in a mixed solution of ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1:1. Finally, dry it in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 24 hours to obtain a white solid product.

[0078] (4) The above polymer (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of a hydroalcoholic solution (water:ethanol mass ratio = 1:1). The polymer solution was cast on a clean glass plate, then dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 h and annealed at 140°C for 5 h. The membrane was peeled off from the glass plate and immersed in a 1 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 12 h. It was then washed three times with deionized water and dried to obtain the final proton exchange membrane containing sulfonimide and phosphonic acid groups. The structural formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where x=6, y=1, m=1, n=1.

[0081] Comparative Example

[0082] Taking perfluorosulfonic acid as a comparative example, the model of perfluorosulfonic acid is Nafion TM 211, produced by DuPont Company of the United States, the structural formula of perfluorosulfonic acid is:

[0083]

[0084] To evaluate the specific technical effects of the multi-element proton-conducting core resin and its proton exchange membrane described herein, specific performance tests were conducted on Examples 1-6 in terms of ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity. Ion exchange capacity was tested using acid-base titration, while proton conductivity was measured using a two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EEI) method on an electrochemical workstation (Solartron-1287). Specific test data are shown in Table 1:

[0085] Table 1 Proton exchange membrane performance test

[0086]

[0087] As shown in Table 1, the ion exchange capacity of the proton exchange membranes prepared in the present invention is higher than 1.30 mmoL g -1 Proton conductivity at 120℃, 40%RH not less than 50mS cm -1 , up to 63mS cm -1 About 50% higher than that of perfluorosulfonic acid (Comparative Example 1) (see Figure 1 ). At 80℃, 100%RH, it can reach up to 268mS cm -1 The ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane containing sulfonyl imide and sulfonic acid groups (Example 1) were the highest among Examples 1-6, followed by the proton exchange membrane containing bissulfonyl imide groups (Example 5). This is because the acidity of the sulfonyl imide and sulfonic acid groups is relatively strong, and the structure with the sulfonyl imide group at the end is more difficult for protons to leave than the sulfonic acid group, so the combination of sulfonyl imide and sulfonic acid groups has better performance.

[0088] Therefore, the proton exchange membrane prepared by the present invention has a high ion conductivity due to the increased ion exchange capacity due to the presence of multiple proton conduction centers. In addition, the performance of fuel cells and water electrolysis assembled using the proton exchange membrane of the present invention is significantly better than that of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes (see Figure 2 ).

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proton exchange resin having multiple proton conduction centers, characterized in that: The structural formula of the proton exchange resin is: ， Wherein, x and y are integers between 1 and 100, m and n are integers between 0 and 10, and m and n are not both 0. The structure of R is: ， Wherein, R1, R2 are one of -SO3H, -PO(OH)2, and -SO2-NH-SO2-CF3.

2. The proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 1, wherein: The structure of R is: 、 、 、 、 and One of them.

3. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The following steps are involved: S1, the compound of formula I PFSF reacts with liquid ammonia to produce the compound of formula II PFS-NH2; ； Ⅰ Ⅱ Wherein, x and y are integers between 1 and 100, m and n are integers between 0 and 10, and m and n are not both 0; S2, the amino group on the PFS-NH2 side chain undergoes a Hinsberg reaction with a monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride to form a proton exchange resin containing multiple proton conduction centers.

4. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 3, wherein: In step S1, the reaction temperature is -80°C to 30°C, and the reaction time is 24-72 hours.

5. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 3, wherein: In step S2, the molar ratio of PFS-NH2 to the monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride is 1:2-8.

6. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 3, wherein: In step S2, PFS-NH2 is added to an organic solvent and heated to dissolve, then the temperature is lowered to 0°C, a monomer containing benzenesulfonyl chloride and an acid binding agent are added to carry out a Hinsberg reaction, and after the reaction is completed, acid is added to precipitate, which is purified and dried to obtain a proton exchange resin.

7. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 6, wherein: In step S2, the reaction time is 12-72 hours, and the molar ratio of PFS-NH2 to the acid binding agent is 1:2-10.

8. The method for preparing a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to claim 6, wherein: The organic solvent is one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, hexafluorobenzene and dioxane; the acid binding agent is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, triethylamine and ethylenediamine.

9. Use of a proton exchange resin having multiple proton conducting centers according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in the preparation of a proton exchange membrane, characterized in that: The proton exchange resin is dissolved in an alcohol solution, and then a film is prepared by a tape casting method to obtain a proton exchange membrane.

10. Use of the proton exchange membrane as claimed in claim 9 in fuel cells and water electrolyzers.

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