Shaft measurement reference seat and high-precision shaft local structure size measurement method

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft measurement reference seat and a high-precision shaft local structure size measurement method, one end of a shaft is a positioning end face, and the reference seat comprises a radial limiting structure which limits the shaft in the radial direction so that the shaft can only move in the axial lead direction of the shaft; the universal floating platform is provided with a datum plane corresponding to the positioning end face, the datum plane is perpendicular to the axis of the universal floating platform, and the axis coincides with the axial lead; when the contour line of the positioning end face is not perpendicular to the axis, in the attaching process of the positioning end face and the datum plane, the universal floating platform elastically deforms, the axis is bent to enable the datum plane to incline, and after the positioning end face is separated from the datum plane, the datum plane is reset. And the reference surface of the universal floating platform without elastic deformation is used as a reference to measure the size parameters of the shaft. Therefore, the number of sensors used in the tight measurement process of the shaft can be reduced, the measurement rhythm is improved, and the manufacturing cost of measurement equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of measurement, and in particular to a measurement reference seat for shaft parts and a method for measuring local structural dimensions of high-precision shaft parts. Background Art

[0002] When measuring the local structural dimension parameters on a shaft workpiece, it is often necessary to measure with the end face of the shaft as the reference. However, due to machining errors, there are certain contour errors on the end face of the shaft, such as the end face not being perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft. Such machining errors are common, which brings inconvenience to the end positioning during measurement when high precision is required for dimension measurement.

[0003] In order to achieve high-precision measurement, it is often necessary to take the axis direction as the reference, measure the positions of multiple points on the end face, fit the center point of an end face, establish a measurement reference plane, and then use this measurement reference plane for end face positioning and the axis direction for axial positioning to measure the local structural dimension parameters.

[0004] However, the above measurement method requires a large number of sensors to be installed and debugged, the operation rate of the measurement equipment during the measurement process is low, which affects the measurement rhythm, and the manufacturing cost of the measurement equipment is also relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The applicant of the present invention aims at the above-mentioned disadvantages in the existing production technology, and provides a measurement reference seat for shaft parts and a method for measuring local structural dimensions of high-precision shaft parts, so as to reduce the number of sensors used in the close measurement process of shaft parts, improve the measurement rhythm, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the measurement equipment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A measurement reference seat for shaft parts, one end of the shaft part is a positioning end face, and the reference seat includes:

[0008] A radial limiting structure, which limits the shaft part in the radial direction, so that the shaft part can only move along the axis of the shaft part;

[0009] The universal floating platform is provided with a reference plane corresponding to the positioning end face, the reference plane is perpendicular to the axis of the universal floating platform, and the axis coincides with the central axis;

[0010] Wherein, when the contour line of the positioning end face is not perpendicular to the central axis, during the fitting process of the positioning end face and the reference plane, the universal floating platform undergoes elastic deformation, the axis bends to make the reference plane inclined, and after the positioning end face separates from the reference plane, the reference plane resets.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0012] The universal floating platform includes:

[0013] A body structure, which is columnar. One end of the body structure is a reference plane, and the other end is a fixed end. The fixed end is fixedly installed on the measurement reference platform;

[0014] A first through groove, which is located on the body structure. There are two first through grooves and they are symmetric about the first diameter of the body structure. The first through groove penetrates the outer wall of the body structure. The body structure between the two first through grooves forms a first extended wall;

[0015] A second through groove, which is located on the body structure. There are two second through grooves and they are symmetric about the second diameter of the body structure. The second through groove penetrates the outer wall of the body structure. The body structure between the two second through grooves forms a second extended wall, and the first diameter is perpendicular to the second diameter;

[0016] The first extended wall and / or the second extended wall undergoes elastic deformation to bend the axis.

[0017] The body structure is a tubular structure;

[0018] The first through groove penetrates the inner and outer walls of the body structure. There are two first extended walls and they are respectively located at both ends of the first diameter;

[0019] The second through groove penetrates the inner and outer walls of the body structure. There are two second extended walls and they are respectively located at both ends of the second diameter.

[0020] A central hole is provided on the shaft member, and the central hole penetrates the positioning end face;

[0021] The radial limiting structure is rod-shaped and includes a fixed section fixedly connected to the fixed end, a connecting section located in the inner hole of the body structure, and a guiding section corresponding to the central hole;

[0022] The guiding section is located outside the body structure and is used for sliding cooperation with the central hole to make the axis coincide with the central axis. The connecting section connects the guiding section and the fixed section. A gap is provided between the connecting section and the inner hole of the body structure, and the gap provides space for the elastic deformation of the universal floating platform.

[0023] The first diameter and the second diameter are located in the same cross-section of the body structure. The first through groove is inclined towards the reference plane, and the second through groove is inclined towards the fixed end.

[0024] It also includes a pair of first through holes penetrating the body structure. The body structure between the two first through holes forms the first extended wall;

[0025] It further includes a pair of second through holes penetrating the body structure, and the body structure between the two second through holes forms the second extension wall;

[0026] The first through hole communicates with the first through groove, and the second through hole communicates with the second through groove.

[0027] The axis of the first through hole is parallel to the first diameter; the axis of the second through hole is parallel to the second diameter.

[0028] Both the first through hole and the second through hole are cylindrical holes.

[0029] The structural dimensions of the first extension wall and the second extension wall are the same.

[0030] A method for measuring local structural dimensions of a high-precision shaft part includes the following steps:

[0031] Limit the shaft part in the radial direction so that the shaft part can only move along the axis direction of the shaft part;

[0032] Move the shaft part so that the positioning end face at one end of the shaft part moves towards the reference plane of the universal floating platform. The axis of the universal floating platform coincides with the axis, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the axis during the movement of the shaft part;

[0033] The positioning end face contacts and fits with the reference plane of the universal floating platform. When the contour line of the positioning end face is not perpendicular to the axis, the universal floating platform undergoes elastic deformation, and the axis bends to make the reference plane inclined;

[0034] After the positioning end face fits with the reference plane, measure the dimensional parameters on the shaft part with the reference plane when the universal floating platform does not undergo elastic deformation as the reference.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] The structure of the present invention is compact, reasonable, and easy to operate. Combining the radial limiting function of the radial limiting structural member, by setting a universal floating platform with a bendable axis, adaptive end face positioning of the shaft part is carried out, and the positioning of two elements, namely the axis and the end of the shaft part, is realized by using a mechanical structure, so as to reduce the number of sensors used in the precise measurement process of the shaft part, improve the measurement beat, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the measuring equipment.

[0037] Under the condition of radially limiting the shaft part, make the positioning end face of the shaft part contact with the reference plane of the universal floating platform. After the universal floating platform undergoes elastic deformation, the reference plane tilts, and adaptive end face positioning is performed on the positioning end face with contour error. During measurement, use the reference plane when no elastic deformation occurs as the measurement reference for the dimensional parameters on the shaft part to reduce the number of sensors used in the precise measurement process of the shaft part, improve the measurement beat, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the measuring equipment.

[0038] The present invention also has the following advantages:

[0039] (1) By arranging two sets of through slots on the body structure to form two sets of extending walls perpendicular to each other, the universal floating platform can be integrally formed by machining, avoiding assembly errors caused by mechanical assembly and ensuring the positioning accuracy of the universal floating platform.

[0040] (2) By setting the body structure of the universal floating platform as a tubular structure, it is convenient to arrange a rod-shaped radial limiting structure inside the universal floating platform, and the radial limiting structure is matched with the central hole of the shaft part to realize the centroid axis positioning before the shaft part and the universal floating platform come into contact with a pure static mechanical structure, ensuring the positioning accuracy.

[0041] (3) The first diameter and the second diameter are located in the same cross-section of the body structure, that is, the four extending walls are located in the same cross-section of the body structure, which is the deformation cross-section. The deformation center point of the deformation cross-section is the intersection point of the first diameter and the second diameter. No matter how the force application position of the reference plane of the universal floating platform changes, the tilt deformation reference point of the reference plane always remains unchanged, making the measurement data of the same workpiece measured multiple times or the same batch of workpieces of the same specification unified and improving the measurement accuracy.

[0042] (4) The cross-section of the body structure is circular or square, the sizes of the first diameter and the second diameter are equal, and the sizes of the first extending wall and the second extending wall are the same, so that the two axial parts of the body structure have the same deformation performance in two mutually perpendicular directions. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram when the shaft part moves towards the universal floating platform before measurement of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 is Figure 1 another perspective.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view after the positioning end face of the shaft part fits with the reference plane before measurement of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram (round tube) of the universal floating platform of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 is the front view of Figure 4 .

[0048] Figure 6 is the side view of Figure 4 .

[0049] Figure 7 is the cross-sectional view of the A-A section in Figure 6 .

[0050] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the universal floating platform of the present invention (square pipe).

[0051] Figure 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the radial limiting structure of the present invention (round pipe).

[0052] Wherein:

[0053] 3. Universal floating platform; 30. Axis; 300. Deformation center point; 31. Reference plane; 32. Body structure; 33. First through groove;

[0054] 34. First extension wall; 340. First diameter; 341. First through hole;

[0055] 35. Second extension wall; 350. Second diameter; 351. Second through hole;

[0056] 36. Second through groove; 37. Fixed end;

[0057] 5. Shaft member; 50. Axis line; 51. Positioning end face; 510. Virtual center point; 52. Central hole; 53. Middle plane;

[0058] 6. Radial limiting structure; 61. Guide section; 62. Connection section; 63. Fixed section. Specific embodiments

[0059] The following combines the drawings to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] As shown in Figures 1-4 , for the shaft member measuring reference seat of this embodiment, one end of the shaft member 5 is the positioning end face 51, and the reference seat includes:

[0062] A radial limiting structure 6 that limits the shaft member 5 in the radial direction, enabling the shaft member 5 to move only along the axis line 50 direction of the shaft member 5;

[0063] A universal floating platform 3 is provided with a reference plane 31 corresponding to the positioning end face 51. The reference plane 31 is perpendicular to the axis 30 of the universal floating platform 3, and the axis 30 coincides with the axis line 50;

[0064] Wherein, when the contour line of the positioning end face 51 is not perpendicular to the axis line 50, during the fitting process of the positioning end face 51 and the reference plane 31, the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation, the axis line 30 bends to incline the reference plane 31, and after the positioning end face 51 separates from the reference plane 31, the reference plane 31 resets.

[0065] The reference plane 31 is a plane, and the contour line of the positioning end face 51 refers to the projection connection line of multiple highest points of the positioning end face 51 in the cross-sectional direction passing through the axis line 50.

[0066] The axis line 30 serves as the bending center of the universal floating platform 3, and the bending of the axis line 30 inclines the reference plane 31. Combining with the radial limiting effect of the radial limiting structure 6, when the reference plane 31 inclines, one side of the reference plane 31 on both sides of the axis line 50 is raised and the other side is lowered, ensuring that the virtual center point 510 of the positioning end face 51 remains unchanged in the presence of contour errors. The virtual center point 510 is located on the axis line 50 and can be approximately equivalently considered that the virtual center point 510 is on the reference plane 31 when the universal floating platform 3 does not undergo elastic deformation, that is, the reference plane 31 can be used as the measurement reference for the dimensional parameters on the shaft part 5.

[0067] Combining with the radial limiting effect of the radial limiting structure member 6, by setting the universal floating platform 3 with a bendable axis line 30, the adaptive end face positioning of the shaft part 5 is realized, and the positioning of two elements, namely the axis line 50 and the end part of the shaft part 5, is achieved by using a mechanical structure, so as to reduce the number of sensors used in the precise measurement process of the shaft part, improve the measurement beat, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the measuring equipment.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] Based on Embodiment 1, the shaft part measurement reference seat of this embodiment proposes a universal floating platform 3 formed entirely by integral machining to ensure that after the universal floating platform 3 is subjected to an external force deviating from the axis line 30, the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation with the axis line 30 as the bending center, and when the external force disappears, the axis line 30 returns to a straight state.

[0070] As Figures 4-8 shown, the universal floating platform 3 includes:

[0071] A body structure 32, the body structure 32 is columnar, one end of the body structure 32 is the reference plane 31, and the other end of the body structure 32 is a fixed end 37, and the fixed end 37 is fixedly installed on the measurement reference platform;

[0072] The first through slots 33 are located on the body structure 32, with two in number and symmetric about the first diameter 340 of the body structure 32. The first through slots 33 penetrate the outer wall of the body structure 32, and the body structure 32 between the two first through slots 33 forms the first extended wall 34;

[0073] The second through slots 36 are located on the body structure 32, with two in number and symmetric about the second diameter 350 of the body structure 32. The second through slots 36 penetrate the outer wall of the body structure 32, and the body structure 32 between the two second through slots 36 forms the second extended wall 35, and the first diameter 340 is perpendicular to the second diameter 350;

[0074] The first extended wall 34 and / or the second extended wall 35 undergo elastic deformation to bend the axis 30.

[0075] Specifically, the body structure 32 can be a steel part, and both the first through slots 33 and the second through slots 36 can be formed on the body structure 32 by machining. As Figure 4 shown, both the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 intersect the axis 30. The diameter in this embodiment refers to a line located on the cross-section of the body structure 32 and perpendicular to the axis 30 of the body structure 32.

[0076] When the contour line of the positioning end face 51 is not perpendicular to the axis line 50, the force applied to the reference face 31 during the fitting process of the positioning end face 51 and the reference face 31 deviates from the axis 30, and the first extended wall 34 and / or the second extended wall 35 undergo elastic deformation, that is, the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation, and the axis 30 bends to make the reference face 31 inclined.

[0077] In this embodiment, after the extended wall undergoes elastic deformation, the width of the first through slot 33 and / or the second through slot 36 changes. After the external force disappears, the first extended wall 34 and / or the second extended wall 35 elastically reset, and the first through slot 33 and the second through slot 36 return to the initial width.

[0078] The through slots provide space for the elastic deformation of the extended wall, enabling the two axial parts of the body structure 32 to elastically bend and deform away from the axis of the body structure 32 under the action of an external force, and the deformation directions are perpendicular to each other. Furthermore, the relative angle between the two end faces (the reference face 31 and the fixed end 37) of the body structure 32 can be changed. Among them, when the relative angle between the two mutually perpendicular first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 changes the relative angle of the two end faces of the body structure 32, the relative inclination direction of the two end faces of the body structure 32 can face any direction within the 360-degree range outside the axis 30 of the body structure 32 to adapt to the inclination direction of the positioning end face 51.

[0079] When the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 do not intersect, there are two deformation points on the axis 30.

[0080] In this embodiment, the universal floating platform 3 forms two sets of extension walls perpendicular to each other by arranging two sets of through slots on the body structure 32, enabling the universal floating platform 3 to be integrally formed by machining, avoiding assembly errors caused by mechanical assembly, and ensuring the positioning accuracy of the universal floating platform 3.

[0081] Embodiment Three:

[0082] Based on Embodiment Two, the shaft part measurement reference seat of this embodiment, as Figures 1-9 shown, in order to achieve the positioning of the axis line 50 with a pure static mechanical structure, the body structure 32 of the shaft part measurement reference seat of this embodiment is a tubular structure;

[0083] The first through slot 33 penetrates the inner and outer walls of the body structure 32, and there are two first extension walls 34 located at both ends of the first diameter 340 respectively;

[0084] The second through slot 36 penetrates the inner and outer walls of the body structure 32, and there are two second extension walls 35 located at both ends of the second diameter 350 respectively.

[0085] A central hole 52 is provided on the shaft part 5, and the central hole 52 penetrates the positioning end face 51;

[0086] The radial limit structure 6 is rod-shaped, including a fixed section 63 fixedly connected to the fixed end 37, a connecting section 62 located in the inner hole of the body structure 32, and a guiding section 61 corresponding to the central hole 52;

[0087] The guiding section 61 is located outside the body structure 32, used for sliding cooperation with the central hole 52 to make the axis line 30 coincide with the axis line 50. The connecting section 62 connects the guiding section 61 and the fixed section 63, and a gap is provided between the connecting section 62 and the inner hole of the body structure 32, and the gap provides space for the elastic deformation of the universal floating platform 3.

[0088] By setting the body structure 32 of the universal floating platform 3 as a tubular structure, it is convenient to arrange the rod-shaped radial limit structure 6 inside the universal floating platform 3, enabling the radial limit structure 6 to cooperate with the central hole 52 of the shaft part 5, and achieving the positioning of the axis line 50 before the shaft part 5 and the universal floating platform 3 come into contact with a pure static mechanical structure, ensuring the positioning accuracy.

[0089] Furthermore, based on the tubular body structure 32, the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 are located in the same cross-section of the body structure 32, the first through slot 33 is inclined towards the reference plane 31, and the second through slot 36 is inclined towards the fixed end 37.

[0090] The first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 are located in the same cross-section of the body structure 32, that is, the four extended walls are located in the same cross-section of the body structure 32, which is the deformation cross-section. The deformation center point 300 of the deformation cross-section is the intersection of the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350. Regardless of how the force application position on the reference plane 31 of the universal floating platform 3 changes, the tilt deformation reference point of the reference plane 31 remains unchanged, making the measurement data of the same workpiece measured multiple times or the same specification workpieces in the same batch unified, and improving the measurement accuracy.

[0091] Embodiment 4:

[0092] On the basis of Embodiment 2, the shaft part measurement reference seat of this embodiment further optimizes the structure of the universal floating platform 3.

[0093] As Figures 4-8 shown, it further includes a pair of first through holes 341 penetrating the body structure 32, and the body structure 32 between the two first through holes 341 forms a first extended wall 34;

[0094] It further includes a pair of second through holes 351 penetrating the body structure 32, and the body structure 32 between the two second through holes 351 forms a second extended wall 35;

[0095] The first through hole 341 communicates with the first through groove 33, and the second through hole 351 communicates with the second through groove 36.

[0096] The axis of the first through hole 341 is parallel to the first diameter 340; the axis of the second through hole 351 is parallel to the second diameter 350.

[0097] Both the first through hole 341 and the second through hole 351 are cylindrical holes.

[0098] The structural dimensions of the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 are the same.

[0099] The two first through holes 341 are parallel cylindrical through holes, and the two second through holes 351 are parallel cylindrical through holes, which are convenient for machining the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35. The diameters of the first through hole 341 and the second through hole 351 are equal, ensuring that the longitudinal section structural dimensions of the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 are the same. As Figure 5 、 Figure 6 shown, the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 are overall in a wasp-waist shape, ensuring that the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 have good resilience.

[0100] When the body structure 32 is a tubular structure, both ends of the first through groove 33 communicate with the first through hole 341 respectively, and both ends of the second through groove 36 communicate with the second through hole 351 respectively.

[0101] The cross-section of the body structure 32 is circular or square. When the body structure 32 is square, the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 are the diameters of the inscribed circle of the square, as Figure 8 shown.

[0102] The cross-section of the body structure 32 is circular or square, the sizes of the first diameter 340 and the second diameter 350 are equal, and the sizes of the first extended wall 34 and the second extended wall 35 are the same, so that the two axial parts of the body structure 32 have the same deformation performance in two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0103] The cross-sections of both the first through groove 33 and the second through groove 36 are in the shape of a straight line. The straight-line through groove is convenient for processing. When the four extended walls are located in the same cross-section of the body structure 32, the inclined through groove is used to avoid adjacent extended walls.

[0104] Example Five:

[0105] A high-precision method for measuring the local structure dimensions of a shaft part using the shaft part measurement reference seat of the above embodiments includes the following steps:

[0106] Limit the shaft part 5 in the radial direction so that the shaft part 5 can only move along the axis line 50 of the shaft part 5;

[0107] Move the shaft part 5 so that the positioning end face 51 at one end of the shaft part 5 moves towards the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3. The axis line 30 of the universal floating platform 3 coincides with the axis line 50, and the reference face 31 is perpendicular to the axis line 30 during the movement of the shaft part 5;

[0108] The positioning end face 51 contacts and fits with the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3. When the contour line of the positioning end face 51 is not perpendicular to the axis line 50, the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation, and the axis line 30 bends to make the reference face 31 inclined;

[0109] After the positioning end face 51 fits with the reference face 31, use the reference face 31 when the universal floating platform 3 has not undergone elastic deformation as the reference for measuring the dimensional parameters on the shaft part 5.

[0110] Under the condition of radially limiting the shaft part 5, make the positioning end face 51 of the shaft part 5 contact the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3. After the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation, the reference face 31 is inclined, and adaptive end face positioning is performed on the positioning end face 51 with contour error. During measurement, use the reference face 31 when no elastic deformation occurs as the measurement reference for the dimensional parameters on the shaft part 5 for measurement, so as to reduce the number of sensors used in the precise measurement process of the shaft part, improve the measurement rhythm, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the measurement equipment.

[0111] Example Six:

[0112] Based on Embodiment 5, the method for measuring the local structural dimensions of a high-precision shaft member is further elaborated in detail:

[0113] Step 1: Move the shaft member 5 towards the shaft member measurement reference base, so that the positioning end face 51 at one end of the shaft member 5 moves towards the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3;

[0114] Step 2: The central hole 52 of the shaft member 5 first contacts the guiding section 61 of the radial limiting structure 6. Through the shaft-hole matching structure, the shaft member 5 is limited in the radial direction, so that the shaft member 5 can only move along the axis line 50 of the shaft member 5;

[0115] Step 3: Continue to move the shaft member 5. During the movement of the shaft member 5, the axis line 30 of the universal floating platform 3 coincides with the axis line 50. During the movement of the shaft member 5, the reference face 31 is perpendicular to the axis line 30. Move the shaft member 5 until the positioning end face 51 contacts the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3;

[0116] Step 4: The positioning end face 51 contacts and fits with the reference face 31 of the universal floating platform 3. When the contour line of the positioning end face 51 is not perpendicular to the axis line 50, the universal floating platform 3 undergoes elastic deformation, and the axis line 30 bends to make the reference face 31 inclined;

[0117] Step 5: After the positioning end face 51 fits with the reference face 31, use the reference face 31 when the universal floating platform 3 has not undergone elastic deformation as the reference to measure the dimensional parameters on the shaft member 5.

[0118] In Step 5, specifically, the axial dimension and end face runout of a middle plane 53 on the shaft member 5 can be measured, as Figure 1 shown.

[0119] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the invention. For the scope defined by the present invention, refer to the claims. Any form of modification can be made within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft measuring reference seat, characterized in that: One end of the shaft member (5) is a positioning end surface (51), and the reference seat comprises: A radial limiting structure (6), wherein the radial limiting structure (6) limits the shaft member (5) in a radial direction so that the shaft member (5) can only move along the axis (50) of the shaft member (5); The universal floating platform (3) is provided with a reference surface (31) corresponding to the positioning end surface (51), the reference surface (31) is perpendicular to the axis (30) of the universal floating platform (3), and the axis (30) coincides with the axis center line (50); When the contour line of the positioning end surface (51) is not perpendicular to the axis line (50), during the process of the positioning end surface (51) and the reference surface (31) being fitted together, the universal floating platform (3) undergoes elastic deformation, the axis (30) bends to tilt the reference surface (31), and after the positioning end surface (51) is separated from the reference surface (31), the reference surface (31) is reset.

2. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal floating platform (3) comprises: A main body structure (32), wherein the main body structure (32) is columnar, one end of the main body structure (32) is a reference surface (31), and the other end of the main body structure (32) is a fixed end (37), and the fixed end (37) is fixedly mounted on a measurement reference platform; two first through grooves (33) located on the main body structure (32) and symmetrical about a first diameter (340) of the main body structure (32); the first through grooves (33) penetrate the outer wall of the main body structure (32); and the main body structure (32) between the two first through grooves (33) forms a first extension wall (34); Second through grooves (36) are located on the main body structure (32), the number of which is two and symmetrical about the second diameter (350) of the main body structure (32), the second through grooves (36) penetrate the outer wall of the main body structure (32), the main body structure (32) between the two second through grooves (36) forms a second extended wall (35), and the first diameter (340) is perpendicular to the second diameter (350); The first extension wall (34) and / or the second extension wall (35) are elastically deformed to cause the axis (30) to bend.

3. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main body structure (32) is a tubular structure; The first through groove (33) penetrates the inner and outer walls of the main body structure (32), and the first extension walls (34) are provided in two locations and are respectively located at two ends of the first diameter (340); The second through groove (36) passes through the inner and outer walls of the main body structure (32), and the second extended walls (35) are in two locations and are respectively located at two ends of the second diameter (350).

4. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shaft member (5) is provided with a center hole (52), and the center hole (52) passes through the positioning end surface (51); The radial limiting structure (6) is rod-shaped and comprises a fixing section (63) fixedly connected to the fixing end (37), a connecting section (62) located in the inner hole of the body structure (32), and a guiding section (61) corresponding to the central hole (52); The guide section (61) is located outside the main body structure (32) and is used to slide with the center hole (52) and make the axis (30) coincide with the axial center line (50). The connecting section (62) connects the guide section (61) and the fixed section (63). A gap is provided between the connecting section (62) and the inner hole of the main body structure (32), and the gap provides space for the elastic deformation of the universal floating platform (3).

5. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first diameter (340) and the second diameter (350) are located in the same cross section of the main body structure (32), the first through slot (33) is inclined toward the reference plane (31), and the second through slot (36) is inclined toward the fixed end (37).

6. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a pair of first through holes (341) penetrating the body structure (32), and the body structure (32) between the two first through holes (341) forms the first extension wall (34); It also includes a pair of second through holes (351) penetrating the body structure (32), and the body structure (32) between the two second through holes (351) forms the second extension wall (35); The first through hole (341) is in communication with the first through groove (33), and the second through hole (351) is in communication with the second through groove (36).

7. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 6, characterized in that: The axis of the first through hole (341) is parallel to the first diameter (340); the axis of the second through hole (351) is parallel to the second diameter (350).

8. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first through hole (341) and the second through hole (351) are both cylindrical holes.

9. The shaft measuring reference seat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first extension wall (34) and the second extension wall (35) have the same structural dimensions.

10. A high-precision method for measuring the local structural dimensions of a shaft, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The shaft member (5) is limited in radial direction so that the shaft member (5) can only move along the axis (50) of the shaft member (5); The shaft member (5) is moved so that a positioning end surface (51) located at one end of the shaft member (5) moves toward a reference surface (31) of the universal floating platform (3), the axis (30) of the universal floating platform (3) coincides with the axis center line (50), and the reference surface (31) is perpendicular to the axis (30) during the movement of the shaft member (5); The positioning end surface (51) contacts and fits with the reference surface (31) of the universal floating platform (3); when the contour line of the positioning end surface (51) is not perpendicular to the axis line (50), the universal floating platform (3) undergoes elastic deformation, the axis line (30) bends, and the reference surface (31) tilts; After the positioning end surface (51) is fitted with the reference surface (31), the dimensional parameters on the shaft member (5) are measured using the reference surface (31) when the universal floating platform (3) is not elastically deformed as a reference.

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