Culture soil for building wall greening, greening method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building greening, and particularly discloses culture soil for building wall greening, a greening method and application, the culture soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of a soft foaming material, 40-60 parts of planting soil, 15-30 parts of water, 5-10 parts of a viscosity enhancer, 1-3 parts of a delayed foaming aid and 2-5 parts of a water absorption aid, the viscosity enhancer is a compound of polyhydric alcohol and glycerol, and the mass ratio of the polyhydric alcohol to the glycerol is (2-3): 1; the delayed foaming aid is zinc stearate, and the water absorption aid is polyacrylamide. The method has the beneficial effects that the culture soil can be directly adhered to various hard surfaces such as concrete wall surfaces, rocks and glass, a complex base layer structure is not needed, an attachment surface structure cannot be damaged, and the construction efficiency is improved; seeds or spores can be fixed in the culture soil or adhered to the surface of the culture soil by virtue of the viscidity of the culture soil, so that the adhesion growth of plants is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building greening, and in particular to a cultivation soil, a greening method and an application for building wall greening. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the urbanization process, vertical greening has become an important means to improve the urban ecological environment. Traditional vertical greening technologies mainly rely on grid structures, modular planting containers or the natural climbing of vine plants, and have the following defects:

[0003] Complex construction: It is necessary to prefabricate a base structure (such as a steel structure frame, a grid support), with a long construction period and high costs;

[0004] Slow plant growth: Vine plants need a long time to grow to cover the facade, and it is difficult to quickly form a greening effect;

[0005] Difficult maintenance: Traditional substrates have poor water retention, need to be watered frequently, and the structure needs to be removed when replacing plants, with high maintenance costs;

[0006] Poor adaptability: It cannot be directly applied to fully hardened surfaces (such as concrete walls, rocks), especially surfaces with a large inclination.

[0007] In the prior art, CN117561957A proposes a light quality water-retaining bubble mud, but it uses plant straws and polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials, mainly for improving the seedling raising effect. Although it has light quality and water retention, it lacks viscosity and cannot directly adhere to the wall, and needs to be used in combination with a container; CN118830469A enhances the water absorption performance of perlite through modified polyacrylic acid, but does not solve the problem of direct adhesion of the substrate to the wall, and has insufficient air permeability, which is likely to cause oxygen deficiency in the plant roots. In addition, the substrates in existing patents are mostly used for flat cultivation or container seedling raising and cannot be directly applied to vertical facades. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation soil with high viscosity, air permeability and water retention performance to simplify the vertical greening construction, reduce costs and improve the plant survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention is proposed to solve the above problems, and provides a cultivation soil, a greening method and an application for building wall greening.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0010] A cultivation soil for building wall greening is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of soft foaming material, 40-60 parts of planting soil, 15-30 parts of water, 5-10 parts of viscosity enhancer, 1-3 parts of delayed foaming aid, and 2-5 parts of water absorption aid.

[0011] Further, the viscosity enhancer is a compound of polyol and glycerol, and the mass ratio of polyol to glycerol is (2-3):1.

[0012] Further, the delayed foaming aid is zinc stearate, and the water absorption aid is polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide absorbs water rapidly, and zinc stearate delays water loss, with a dual water retention mechanism, and the water retention period is extended to more than 7 days.

[0013] Further, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of soft foaming material, 50 parts of planting soil, 20 parts of water, 6 parts of polyol, 3 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of zinc stearate, and 3 parts of polyacrylamide.

[0014] Further, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of soft foaming material, 55 parts of planting soil, 25 parts of water, 7 parts of polyol, 2 parts of glycerol, 1 part of zinc stearate, and 4 parts of polyacrylamide.

[0015] Further, the soft foaming material is polyurethane foaming particles or polyester foaming particles, with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm. Through the compounding of the soft foaming material and the viscosity enhancer, the combination of high viscosity (adhesion strength ≥ 0.5 MPa) and porous structure (porosity 60-70%) is achieved.

[0016] Further, the viscosity of the cultivation soil is 5-15 kPa, the air permeability is 80-120 mL / (min·cm²), and the water absorption rate is 200-400%.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for greening building walls using the above-mentioned cultivation soil, including the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Clean the building wall using a high-pressure water gun or a vacuum cleaner to remove dust, weathered cement mortar, sundries, loose wall tiles and other decorations attached to the wall;

[0019] Step 2: Mix the soft foaming material with polyol and glycerol to form a porous structure, and fully mix and stir the foamed material with the planting soil and water until it becomes viscous;

[0020] Step 3: Uniformly add plant seeds or spores to the viscous material in Step 2, and paste the viscous material on the building wall to form a greening layer with a thickness of 3-10 cm;

[0021] Step 4: Carry out maintenance through artificial spraying or an automatic irrigation system, with a daily watering amount of 0.5-1.5 L / m 2 , until the seeds or spores germinate and grow 5-10 mm above the greening layer.

[0022] Further, in step 3, the viscous substance is first evenly applied to the building wall surface, and the plant seeds or spores are evenly scattered on the surface of the viscous substance before the surface of the viscous substance is completely covered by dust so that they adhere to the viscous substance.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned culture soil in building greening, rock surface greening or indoor plant tapestries.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The culture soil can be directly pasted on various hard surfaces such as concrete walls, rocks, and glass, without a complex base structure, and will not damage the structure of the attachment surface, improving the construction efficiency; Seeds or spores can be fixed in the culture soil or adhered to the surface of the culture soil by relying on the viscosity of the culture soil, facilitating the attachment and growth of plants; High water absorption and air permeability reduce the watering frequency, and when maintaining a necrotic greening area, only the local culture soil needs to be removed and new culture soil is attached, which is simple and convenient and saves labor; The components are safe and do not contain heavy metals, ensuring the healthy growth of plant roots; It solves the technical problems of complex construction, high cost, and difficult maintenance in vertical greening, and has significant economic and social benefits. Specific embodiments

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] A culture soil for building wall greening is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of polyurethane foam particles, 50 parts of planting soil, 20 parts of water, 6 parts of polyol, 3 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of zinc stearate, and 3 parts of polyacrylamide.

[0028] A building wall greening method includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Use a vacuum cleaner to clean the surface of the glass curtain wall to remove the dust attached to the surface;

[0030] Step 2: Mix the above-mentioned parts by weight of polyurethane foam particles with polyol and glycerol to form a porous structure, and fully mix and stir the foamed material with planting soil and water until it becomes viscous;

[0031] Step 3: Evenly add moss spores to the viscous substance in step 2, and paste the viscous substance on the glass curtain wall to form a greening layer with a thickness of 4 cm;

[0032] Step 4: Carry out maintenance through an automatic drip irrigation system, with the daily watering amount being 0.5 - 1.5 L / m². After 7 days, the coverage rate reaches 95%, and a stable green wall is formed after one month.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] A cultivation soil for building wall greening is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of polyester foam particles, 55 parts of planting soil, 25 parts of water, 7 parts of polyol, 2 parts of glycerol, 1 part of zinc stearate, and 4 parts of polyacrylamide.

[0035] A building wall greening method includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Use a high-pressure water gun to clean the surface of the viaduct pier, removing the dust, weathered cement mortar, and sundries adhering to the pier surface;

[0037] Step 2: Mix polyester foam particles with polyol and glycerol to form a porous structure, and fully mix and stir the foamed material with planting soil and water until it becomes viscous;

[0038] Step 3: Evenly add grass seeds to the viscous material in Step 2, and paste the viscous material on the building wall to form a greening layer with a thickness of 8 cm;

[0039] Step 4: Carry out maintenance through automatic sprinkler irrigation technology, with the daily watering amount being 0.5 - 1.5 L / m². After 3 months, the lawn coverage rate on the pier surface is 100%, and there is no falling-off phenomenon.

[0040] If the method of first evenly applying the viscous material to the building wall and then evenly scattering plant seeds or spores on the surface of the viscous material before it is completely covered by dust so that they adhere to the viscous material is selected, the vertical spraying technology can be used to spray the seeds onto the planting surface. The vertical spraying technology is an ecological restoration and greening technology for steep slopes, vertical walls, or complex terrain areas. It evenly covers the target surface with a mixture of plant seeds, soil improvement materials, adhesives, water retention agents, etc. through mechanical spraying to promote the rapid growth of vegetation and achieve the effects of soil fixation and slope protection, ecological restoration, or landscape beautification.

[0041] As another preferred solution of the present invention, during building wall greening, the cultivation soil of the present application can be prepared into a viscous material and then evenly applied to the building wall. Without scattering seeds or spores, directly paste the planted turf or moss lawn on the surface of the cultivation soil. When pasting, only the non-woven fabric behind the turf or the floating soil behind the moss lawn needs to be removed. After waiting for the viscous material to solidify, it can be fixed on the building surface, without waiting for the seeds or spores to germinate and grow, to meet the usage requirement of rapid greening.

[0042] The present invention also provides an application of the above cultivation soil in building greening, rock surface greening or indoor plant tapestries, which can achieve greening of building walls, bridge piers, rock surfaces and indoor tapestries. Even for surfaces with an inclination greater than 70°, nutrient soil can be attached for sowing and plant greening.

[0043] The cultivation soil is composed of soft foaming material, planting soil, water and viscosity enhancer, and has strong viscosity, high air permeability and water absorption. It can be directly pasted on the building wall to form a greening layer. The supporting method simplifies the construction process, supports rapid plant growth and low-cost maintenance, and is applicable to scenarios such as vertical greening and bridge piers, solving the problems of complex construction, high cost and slow effect in traditional technologies.

[0044] Components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A culture soil for greening building walls, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of soft foaming material, 40-60 parts of planting soil, 15-30 parts of water, 5-10 parts of viscosity enhancer, 1-3 parts of delayed foaming aid and 2-5 parts of water absorption aid.

2. The culture soil for building wall greening according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscosity enhancer is a compound of polyol and glycerol, and the mass ratio of polyol to glycerol is (2-3):

1.

3. The culture soil for building wall greening according to claim 3, characterized in that: The delayed foaming auxiliary agent is zinc stearate, and the water absorption auxiliary agent is polyacrylamide.

4. The culture soil for building wall greening according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of soft foaming material, 50 parts of planting soil, 20 parts of water, 6 parts of polyol, 3 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of zinc stearate and 3 parts of polyacrylamide.

5. The culture soil for building wall greening according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of soft foaming material, 55 parts of planting soil, 25 parts of water, 7 parts of polyol, 2 parts of glycerol, 1 part of zinc stearate and 4 parts of polyacrylamide.

6. The culture soil for greening building walls according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The soft foaming material is polyurethane foaming particles or polyester foaming particles, and the particle size is 0.5-2mm.

7. The culture soil for greening building walls according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The culture soil has a viscosity of 5-15 kPa, an air permeability of 80-120 mL / (min·cm²), and a water absorption rate of 200-400%.

8. A method for greening building walls using the culture soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Clean the building wall; Step 2: Mix the soft foaming material with polyol and glycerin to form a porous structure, and fully mix the foamed material with planting soil and water until it becomes viscous; Step 3, adding plant seeds or spores evenly into the viscous substance of step 2, and pasting the viscous substance on the wall of the building to form a greening layer with a thickness of 3-10 cm; Step 4: Maintain through irrigation, with a daily watering rate of 0.5-1.5L / m2, until the seeds or spores germinate and a green layer of 5-10mm grows.

9. A method for greening a building wall according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 3, the viscous material is first evenly applied to the building wall surface, and then the plant seeds or spores are evenly sprinkled on the surface of the viscous material before the surface of the viscous material is completely covered by dust to make them adhere to the viscous material.

10. Use of the culture soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in building greening, rock surface greening or indoor plant tapestry.